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Ahuja V, Singh A, Paul D, Dasgupta D, Urajová P, Ghosh S, Singh R, Sahoo G, Ewe D, Saurav K. Recent Advances in the Detection of Food Toxins Using Mass Spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1834-1863. [PMID: 38059476 PMCID: PMC10731662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Edibles are the only source of nutrients and energy for humans. However, ingredients of edibles have undergone many physicochemical changes during preparation and storage. Aging, hydrolysis, oxidation, and rancidity are some of the major changes that not only change the native flavor, texture, and taste of food but also destroy the nutritive value and jeopardize public health. The major reasons for the production of harmful metabolites, chemicals, and toxins are poor processing, inappropriate storage, and microbial spoilage, which are lethal to consumers. In addition, the emergence of new pollutants has intensified the need for advanced and rapid food analysis techniques to detect such toxins. The issue with the detection of toxins in food samples is the nonvolatile nature and absence of detectable chromophores; hence, normal conventional techniques need additional derivatization. Mass spectrometry (MS) offers high sensitivity, selectivity, and capability to handle complex mixtures, making it an ideal analytical technique for the identification and quantification of food toxins. Recent technological advancements, such as high-resolution MS and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), have significantly improved sensitivity, enabling the detection of food toxins at ultralow levels. Moreover, the emergence of ambient ionization techniques has facilitated rapid in situ analysis of samples with lower time and resources. Despite numerous advantages, the widespread adoption of MS in routine food safety monitoring faces certain challenges such as instrument cost, complexity, data analysis, and standardization of methods. Nevertheless, the continuous advancements in MS-technology and its integration with complementary techniques hold promising prospects for revolutionizing food safety monitoring. This review discusses the application of MS in detecting various food toxins including mycotoxins, marine biotoxins, and plant-derived toxins. It also explores the implementation of untargeted approaches, such as metabolomics and proteomics, for the discovery of novel and emerging food toxins, enhancing our understanding of potential hazards in the food supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Ahuja
- University
Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
- University
Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh
University, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Amanpreet Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, University Institute of Science, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Debarati Paul
- Amity
Institute of Biotechnology, AUUP, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
| | - Diptarka Dasgupta
- Material
Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Petra Urajová
- Laboratory
of Algal Biotechnology-Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň 379
01, Czech Republic
| | - Sounak Ghosh
- Laboratory
of Algal Biotechnology-Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň 379
01, Czech Republic
| | - Roshani Singh
- Laboratory
of Algal Biotechnology-Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň 379
01, Czech Republic
| | - Gobardhan Sahoo
- Laboratory
of Algal Biotechnology-Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň 379
01, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Ewe
- Laboratory
of Algal Biotechnology-Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň 379
01, Czech Republic
| | - Kumar Saurav
- Laboratory
of Algal Biotechnology-Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň 379
01, Czech Republic
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Yokozeki T, Hama Y, Fujita K, Igarashi T, Hirama M, Tsumuraya T. Evaluation of relative potency of calibrated ciguatoxin congeners by near-infrared fluorescent receptor binding and neuroblastoma cell-based assays. Toxicon 2023; 230:107161. [PMID: 37201801 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is a foodborne illness affecting > 50,000 people worldwide annually. It is caused by eating marine invertebrates and fish that have accumulated ciguatoxins (CTXs). Recently, the risk of CFP to human health, the local economy, and fishery resources have increased; therefore, detection methods are urgently needed. Functional assays for detecting ciguatoxins in fish include receptor binding (RBA) and neuroblastoma cell-based assay (N2a assay), which can detect all CTX congeners. In this study, we made these assays easier to use. For RBA, an assay was developed using a novel near-infrared fluorescent ligand, PREX710-BTX, to save valuable CTXs. In the N2a assay, a 1-day assay was developed with the same detection performance as the conventional 2-day assay. Additionally, in these assays, we used calibrated CTX standards from the Pacific determined by quantitative NMR for the first time to compare the relative potency of congeners, which differed significantly among previous studies. In the RBA, there was almost no difference in the binding affinity among congeners, showing that the differences in side chains, stereochemistry, and backbone structure of CTXs did not affect the binding affinity. However, this result did not correlate with the toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) based on acute toxicity in mice. In contrast, the N2a assay showed a good correlation with TEFs based on acute toxicity in mice, except for CTX3C. These findings, obtained with calibrated toxin standards, provide important insights into evaluating the total toxicity of CTXs using functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Yokozeki
- Japan Food Research Laboratories, Osaka Saito Laboratory, 7-4-41 Saitoasagi, Ibaraki shi, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan; Osaka Prefecture University, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Sakai-shi, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan; Osaka Metropolitan University, Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Sakai-shi, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Yuka Hama
- Osaka Prefecture University, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Sakai-shi, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Fujita
- Japan Food Research Laboratories, Osaka Saito Laboratory, 7-4-41 Saitoasagi, Ibaraki shi, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Tomoji Igarashi
- Japan Food Research Laboratories, Tama Laboratory, 6-11-10 Nagayama, Tama-shi, Tokyo, 206-0025, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hirama
- Osaka Prefecture University, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Sakai-shi, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan; Osaka Metropolitan University, Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Sakai-shi, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsumuraya
- Osaka Prefecture University, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Sakai-shi, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan; Osaka Metropolitan University, Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Sakai-shi, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan.
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Gambierdiscus and Its Associated Toxins: A Minireview. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070485. [PMID: 35878223 PMCID: PMC9324261 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gambierdiscus is a dinoflagellate genus widely distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions. Some members of this genus can produce a group of potent polycyclic polyether neurotoxins responsible for ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), one of the most significant food-borne illnesses associated with fish consumption. Ciguatoxins and maitotoxins, the two major toxins produced by Gambierdiscus, act on voltage-gated channels and TRPA1 receptors, consequently leading to poisoning and even death in both humans and animals. Over the past few decades, the occurrence and geographic distribution of CFP have undergone a significant expansion due to intensive anthropogenic activities and global climate change, which results in more human illness, a greater public health impact, and larger economic losses. The global spread of CFP has led to Gambierdiscus and its toxins being considered an environmental and human health concern worldwide. In this review, we seek to provide an overview of recent advances in the field of Gambierdiscus and its associated toxins based on the existing literature combined with re-analyses of current data. The taxonomy, phylogenetics, geographic distribution, environmental regulation, toxin detection method, toxin biosynthesis, and pharmacology and toxicology of Gambierdiscus are summarized and discussed. We also highlight future perspectives on Gambierdiscus and its associated toxins.
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In vivo subchronic effects of ciguatoxin-related compounds, reevaluation of their toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2621-2638. [PMID: 35657391 PMCID: PMC9325831 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ciguatoxins are marine compounds that share a ladder-shaped polyether structure produced by dinoflagellates of the genus Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa, and include maitotoxins (MTX1 and MTX3), ciguatoxins (CTX3C) and analogues (gambierone), components of one of the most frequent human foodborne illness diseases known as ciguatera fish poisoning. This disease was previously found primarily in tropical and subtropical areas but nowadays, the dinoflagellates producers of ciguatoxins had spread to European coasts. One decade ago, the European Food Safety Authority has raised the need to complete the toxicological available data for the ciguatoxin group of compounds. Thus, in this work, the in vivo effects of ciguatoxin-related compounds have been investigated using internationally adopted guidelines for the testing of chemicals. Intraperitoneal acute toxicity was tested for maitotoxin 1 at doses between 200 and 3200 ng/kg and the acute oral toxicity of Pacific Ciguatoxin CTX3C at 330 and 1050 ng/kg and maitotoxin 1 at 800 ng/kg were also evaluated showing not effects on mice survival after a 96 h observation period. Therefore, for the following experiments the oral subchronic doses were between 172 and 1760 ng/kg for gambierone, 10 and 102 ng/kg for Pacific Ciguatoxin CTX3C, 550 and 1760 ng/kg for maitotoxin 3 and 800, 2560 and 5000 ng/kg for maitotoxin 1. The results presented here raise the need to reevaluate the in vivo activity of these agents. Although the intraperitoneal lethal dose of maitotoxin 1 is assumed to be 50 ng/kg, without chemical purity identifications and description of the bioassay procedures, in this work, an intraperitoneal lethal dose of 1107 ng/kg was obtained. Therefore, the data presented here highlight the need to use a common procedure and certified reference material to clearly establish the levels of these environmental contaminants in food.
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Benoit E, Schlumberger S, Molgó J, Sasaki M, Fuwa H, Bournaud R. Gambierol Blocks a K+ Current Fraction without Affecting Catecholamine Release in Rat Fetal Adrenomedullary Cultured Chromaffin Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14040254. [PMID: 35448863 PMCID: PMC9025636 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14040254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gambierol inhibits voltage-gated K+ (KV) channels in various excitable and non-excitable cells. The purpose of this work was to study the effects of gambierol on single rat fetal (F19–F20) adrenomedullary cultured chromaffin cells. These excitable cells have different types of KV channels and release catecholamines. Perforated whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings revealed that gambierol (100 nM) blocked only a fraction of the total outward K+ current and slowed the kinetics of K+ current activation. The use of selective channel blockers disclosed that gambierol did not affect calcium-activated K+ (KCa) and ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels. The gambierol concentration necessary to inhibit 50% of the K+ current-component sensitive to the polyether (IC50) was 5.8 nM. Simultaneous whole-cell current-clamp and single-cell amperometry recordings revealed that gambierol did not modify the membrane potential following 11s depolarizing current-steps, in both quiescent and active cells displaying repetitive firing of action potentials, and it did not increase the number of exocytotic catecholamine release events, with respect to controls. The subsequent addition of apamin and iberiotoxin, which selectively block the KCa channels, both depolarized the membrane and enhanced by 2.7 and 3.5-fold the exocytotic event frequency in quiescent and active cells, respectively. These results highlight the important modulatory role played by KCa channels in the control of exocytosis from fetal (F19–F20) adrenomedullary chromaffin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Benoit
- Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé (SIMoS), Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, ERL CNRS 9004, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire-UPR 9040, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Sébastien Schlumberger
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire-UPR 9040, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Jordi Molgó
- Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé (SIMoS), Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, ERL CNRS 9004, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire-UPR 9040, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan;
| | - Haruhiko Fuwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan;
| | - Roland Bournaud
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire-UPR 9040, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (R.B.)
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Louzao MC, Vilariño N, Vale C, Costas C, Cao A, Raposo-Garcia S, Vieytes MR, Botana LM. Current Trends and New Challenges in Marine Phycotoxins. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030198. [PMID: 35323497 PMCID: PMC8950113 DOI: 10.3390/md20030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine phycotoxins are a multiplicity of bioactive compounds which are produced by microalgae and bioaccumulate in the marine food web. Phycotoxins affect the ecosystem, pose a threat to human health, and have important economic effects on aquaculture and tourism worldwide. However, human health and food safety have been the primary concerns when considering the impacts of phycotoxins. Phycotoxins toxicity information, often used to set regulatory limits for these toxins in shellfish, lacks traceability of toxicity values highlighting the need for predefined toxicological criteria. Toxicity data together with adequate detection methods for monitoring procedures are crucial to protect human health. However, despite technological advances, there are still methodological uncertainties and high demand for universal phycotoxin detectors. This review focuses on these topics, including uncertainties of climate change, providing an overview of the current information as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Louzao
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.L.); (L.M.B.)
| | - Natalia Vilariño
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Carmen Vale
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Celia Costas
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Alejandro Cao
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Sandra Raposo-Garcia
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Mercedes R. Vieytes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.L.); (L.M.B.)
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Sulfo-Gambierones, Two New Analogs of Gambierone Produced by Gambierdiscus excentricus. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19120657. [PMID: 34940656 PMCID: PMC8703632 DOI: 10.3390/md19120657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciguatera poisoning is caused by the ingestion of fish or shellfish contaminated with ciguatoxins produced by dinoflagellate species belonging to the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. Unlike in the Pacific region, the species producing ciguatoxins in the Atlantic Ocean have yet to be definitely identified, though some ciguatoxins responsible for ciguatera have been reported from fish. Previous studies investigating the ciguatoxin-like toxicity of Atlantic Gambierdiscus species using Neuro2a cell-based assay identified G. excentricus as a potential toxin producer. To more rigorously characterize the toxin profile produced by this species, a purified extract from 124 million cells was prepared and partial characterization by high-resolution mass spectrometry was performed. The analysis revealed two new analogs of the polyether gambierone: sulfo-gambierone and dihydro-sulfo-gambierone. Algal ciguatoxins were not identified. The very low ciguatoxin-like toxicity of the two new analogs obtained by the Neuro2a cell-based assay suggests they are not responsible for the relatively high toxicity previously observed when using fractionated G. excentricus extracts, and are unlikely the cause of ciguatera in the region. These compounds, however, can be useful as biomarkers of the presence of G. excentricus due to their sensitive detection by mass spectrometry.
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Gatti CMI, Chung K, Oehler E, Pierce TJ, Gribble MO, Chinain M. Screening for Predictors of Chronic Ciguatera Poisoning: An Exploratory Analysis among Hospitalized Cases from French Polynesia. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090646. [PMID: 34564650 PMCID: PMC8472944 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciguatera poisoning is a globally occurring seafood disease caused by the ingestion of marine products contaminated with dinoflagellate produced neurotoxins. Persistent forms of ciguatera, which prove to be highly debilitating, are poorly studied and represent a significant medical issue. The present study aims to better understand chronic ciguatera manifestations and identify potential predictive factors for their duration. Medical files of 49 patients were analyzed, and the post-hospitalization evolution of the disease assessed through a follow-up questionnaire. A rigorous logistic lasso regression model was applied to select significant predictors from a list of 37 patient characteristics potentially predictive of having chronic symptoms. Missing data were handled by complete case analysis, and a survival analysis was implemented. All models used standardized variables, and multiple comparisons in the survival analyses were handled by Bonferroni correction. Among all studied variables, five significant predictors of having symptoms lasting ≥3 months were identified: age, tobacco consumption, acute bradycardia, laboratory measures of urea, and neutrophils. This exploratory, hypothesis-generating study contributes to the development of ciguatera epidemiology by narrowing the list from 37 possible predictors to a list of five predictors that seem worth further investigation as candidate risk factors in more targeted studies of ciguatera symptom duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Mahana iti Gatti
- Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Institut Louis Malardé (ILM), UMR 241-EIO (IFREMER, ILM, IRD, Univ. Polynésie Française), Papeete, Tahiti 98713, French Polynesia; (K.C.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kiyojiken Chung
- Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Institut Louis Malardé (ILM), UMR 241-EIO (IFREMER, ILM, IRD, Univ. Polynésie Française), Papeete, Tahiti 98713, French Polynesia; (K.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Erwan Oehler
- Centre Hospitalier de Polynésie française, Papeete, Tahiti 98713, French Polynesia;
| | - T. J. Pierce
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Matthew O. Gribble
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Mireille Chinain
- Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Institut Louis Malardé (ILM), UMR 241-EIO (IFREMER, ILM, IRD, Univ. Polynésie Française), Papeete, Tahiti 98713, French Polynesia; (K.C.); (M.C.)
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Loeffler CR, Bodi D, Tartaglione L, Dell'Aversano C, Preiss-Weigert A. Improving in vitro ciguatoxin and brevetoxin detection: selecting neuroblastoma (Neuro-2a) cells with lower sensitivity to ouabain and veratridine (OV-LS). HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 103:101994. [PMID: 33980434 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.101994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine biotoxins accumulating in seafood products pose a risk to human health. These toxins are often potent in minute amounts and contained within complex matrices; requiring sensitive, reliable, and robust methods for their detection. The mouse neuroblastoma (Neuro-2a) cytotoxicity assay (N2a-assay) is a sensitive, high-throughput, in vitro method effective for detecting sodium channel-specific marine biotoxins. The N2a-assay can be conducted to distinguish between specific effects on voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels, caused by toxins that activate (e.g., ciguatoxins (CTXs), brevetoxins (PbTxs)) or block (e.g., tetrodotoxins, saxitoxins) the target NaV. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay to compounds activating the NaV are achieved through the addition of the pharmaceuticals ouabain (O) and veratridine (V). However, these compounds can be toxic to Neuro-2a cells and their application at insufficient or excessive concentrations can reduce the effectiveness of this assay for marine toxin detection. Therefore, during growth incubation, Neuro-2a cells were exposed to O and V, and surviving cells exhibiting a lower sensitivity to O and V (OV-LS) were propagated. OV-LS Neuro-2a cells were selected for 60-80% survival when exposed to 0.22/0.022 mM O/V during the cytotoxicity assay. At these conditions, OV-LS N2a cells demonstrated a 3.5-fold higher survival rate 71% ± 7.9 SD (n = 232), and lower sensitivity to O/V, compared to the original Neuro-2a cells 20% ± 9.0 SD (n = 16). Additionally, OV-LS N2a cells were 1.3-2.6-fold more sensitive for detecting CTX3C 1.35 pg/ml, CTX1B 2.06 pg/ml, and PbTx-3 3.04 ng/ml compared to Neuro-2a cells using 0.1/0.01 mM O/V. Detection of CTX3C in a complex fish matrix using OV-LS cells was 0.0048 pg CTX3C/mg fish tissue equivalent. This work shows the potential for a significant improvement in sensitivity for CTX3C, CTX1B, and PbTx-3 using the OV-LS N2a-assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Loeffler
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food Chain, National Reference Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany - www.bfr.bund.de; Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Dorina Bodi
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food Chain, National Reference Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany - www.bfr.bund.de
| | - Luciana Tartaglione
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy; CoNISMa - Italian Interuniversity Consortium on Marine Sciences, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy; CoNISMa - Italian Interuniversity Consortium on Marine Sciences, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelika Preiss-Weigert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food Chain, National Reference Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany - www.bfr.bund.de
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Varela AT, Neves RAF, Nascimento SM, Oliveira PJ, Pardal MA, Rodrigues ET, Moreno AJ. Exposure to marine benthic dinoflagellate toxins may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 240:108937. [PMID: 33171298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Even though marine dinoflagellates are important primary producers, many toxic species may alter the natural equilibrium of aquatic ecosystems and even generate human intoxication incidents, as they are the major causative agents of harmful algal blooms. In order to deepen the knowledge regarding benthic dinoflagellate adverse effects, the present study aims to clarify the influence of Gambierdiscus excentricus strain UNR-08, Ostreopsis cf. ovata strain UNR-03 and Prorocentrum lima strain UNR-01 crude extracts on rat mitochondrial energetic function and permeability transition pore (mPTP) induction. Our results, expressed in number of dinoflagellate cell toxic compounds tested in a milligram of mitochondrial protein, revealed that 934 cells mg prot-1 of G. excentricus, and 7143 cells mg prot-1 of both O. cf. ovata and P. lima negatively affect mitochondrial function, including by decreasing ATP synthesis-related membrane potential variations. Moreover, considerably much lower concentrations of dinoflagellate extracts (117 cells mg prot-1 of G. excentricus, 1429 cells mg prot-1 of O. cf. ovata and 714 cells mg prot-1 of P. lima) produced mPTP-induced swelling in Ca2+-loaded isolated mitochondria. The present study clearly demonstrates the toxicity of G. excentricus, O. cf. ovata and P. lima extracts at the mitochondrial level, which may lead to mitochondrial failure and consequent cell toxicity, and that G. excentricus always provide much more severe effects than O. cf. ovata and P. lima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T Varela
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Raquel A F Neves
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Marine Microalgae, Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur 458-314B, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Silvia M Nascimento
- Laboratory of Marine Microalgae, Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur 458-314B, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal.
| | - Miguel A Pardal
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Elsa T Rodrigues
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - António J Moreno
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
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11
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Pierre O, Fouchard M, Buscaglia P, Le Goux N, Leschiera R, Mignen O, Fluhr JW, Misery L, Le Garrec R. Calcium Increase and Substance P Release Induced by the Neurotoxin Brevetoxin-1 in Sensory Neurons: Involvement of PAR2 Activation through Both Cathepsin S and Canonical Signaling. Cells 2020; 9:E2704. [PMID: 33348659 PMCID: PMC7767211 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Red tides involving Karenia brevis expose humans to brevetoxins (PbTxs). Oral exposition triggers neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, whereas inhalation induces a respiratory syndrome and sensory disturbances. No curative treatment is available and the pathophysiology is not fully elucidated. Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), cathepsin S (Cat-S) and substance P (SP) release are crucial mediators of the sensory effects of ciguatoxins (CTXs) which are PbTx analogs. This work explored the role of PAR2 and Cat-S in PbTx-1-induced sensory effects and deciphered the signaling pathway involved. We performed calcium imaging, PAR2 immunolocalization and SP release experiments in monocultured sensory neurons or co-cultured with keratinocytes treated with PbTx-1 or P-CTX-2. We demonstrated that PbTx-1-induced calcium increase and SP release involved Cat-S, PAR2 and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4). The PbTx-1-induced signaling pathway included protein kinase A (PKA) and TRPV4, which are compatible with the PAR2 biased signaling induced by Cat-S. Internalization of PAR2 and protein kinase C (PKC), inositol triphosphate receptor and TRPV4 activation evoked by PbTx-1 are compatible with the PAR2 canonical signaling. Our results suggest that PbTx-1-induced sensory disturbances involve the PAR2-TRPV4 pathway. We identified PAR2, Cat-S, PKA, and PKC that are involved in TRPV4 sensitization induced by PbTx-1 in sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Pierre
- EA4685 Laboratory of Interactions Neurons-Keratinocytes (LIEN), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Brest, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.F.); (R.L.); (J.W.F.); (L.M.); (R.L.G.)
| | - Maxime Fouchard
- EA4685 Laboratory of Interactions Neurons-Keratinocytes (LIEN), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Brest, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.F.); (R.L.); (J.W.F.); (L.M.); (R.L.G.)
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Paul Buscaglia
- InsermUMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunity, University Brest, F-29200 Brest, France; (P.B.); (N.L.G.); (O.M.)
| | - Nelig Le Goux
- InsermUMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunity, University Brest, F-29200 Brest, France; (P.B.); (N.L.G.); (O.M.)
| | - Raphaël Leschiera
- EA4685 Laboratory of Interactions Neurons-Keratinocytes (LIEN), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Brest, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.F.); (R.L.); (J.W.F.); (L.M.); (R.L.G.)
| | - Olivier Mignen
- InsermUMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunity, University Brest, F-29200 Brest, France; (P.B.); (N.L.G.); (O.M.)
| | - Joachim W. Fluhr
- EA4685 Laboratory of Interactions Neurons-Keratinocytes (LIEN), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Brest, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.F.); (R.L.); (J.W.F.); (L.M.); (R.L.G.)
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, F-29200 Brest, France
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Universitaetsmedizin Charit Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurent Misery
- EA4685 Laboratory of Interactions Neurons-Keratinocytes (LIEN), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Brest, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.F.); (R.L.); (J.W.F.); (L.M.); (R.L.G.)
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Raphaële Le Garrec
- EA4685 Laboratory of Interactions Neurons-Keratinocytes (LIEN), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Brest, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.F.); (R.L.); (J.W.F.); (L.M.); (R.L.G.)
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12
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Stereoselective Synthesis of the I-L Fragment of the Pacific Ciguatoxins. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12120740. [PMID: 33255410 PMCID: PMC7760828 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The I-L ring system found in all the Pacific ciguatoxins has been prepared from a tricyclic precursor in a highly stereoselective manner. Subtle differences in the reactivity of the enones present in the seven- and eight-membered rings of the tricyclic ether starting material have been exploited to allow selective protection of the enone in the eight-membered ring. Subsequent distereoselective allylation of the seven-membered ring has been accomplished by a palladium-mediated Tsuji-Trost reaction. The K-ring methyl and hydroxyl groups have been installed in a highly stereoselective manner by sequential conjugate reduction and enolate oxidation reactions. Ring L has been constructed by a use of a novel relay ring-closing metathesis reaction to complete the tetracyclic framework, which possesses the functionality necessary for elaboration of rings I and L and the introduction of ring M.
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Tudó À, Toldrà A, Rey M, Todolí I, Andree KB, Fernández-Tejedor M, Campàs M, Sureda FX, Diogène J. Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa as potential indicators of ciguatera risk in the Balearic Islands. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 99:101913. [PMID: 33218439 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa are genera of toxic dinoflagellates which were mainly considered as endemic to marine intertropical areas, and that are well known as producers of ciguatoxins (CTXs) and maitotoxins (MTXs). Ciguatera poisoning (CP) is a human poisoning occurring after the consumption of fish or more rarely, shellfish containing CTXs. The presence of these microalgae in a coastal area is an indication of potential risk of CP. This study assesses the risk of CP in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean Sea) according to the distribution of both microalgae genera, and the presence of CTX-like and MTX-like toxicity in microalgal cultures as determined by neuro-2a cell based-assay (neuro-2a CBA). Genetic identification of forty-three cultured microalgal strains isolated from 2016 to 2019 revealed that all of them belong to the species G. australes and F. paulensis. Both species were widely distributed in Formentera, Majorca and Minorca. Additionally, all strains of G. australes and two of F. paulensis exhibited signals of CTX-like toxicity ranging respectively between 1 and 380 and 8-16 fg CTX1B equivalents (equiv.) • cell-1. Four extracts of F. paulensis exhibited a novel toxicity response in neuro-2a cells consisting of the recovery of the cell viability in the presence of ouabain and veratridine. In addition, G. australes showed MTX-like toxicity while F. paulensis strains did not. Overall, the low CTX-like toxicities detected indicate that the potential risk of CP in the Balearic Islands is low, although, the presence of CTX-like and MTX-like toxicity in those strains reveal the necessity to monitor these genera in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngels Tudó
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou Km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain; Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/St. Llorenç 21, E-43201, Reus (Tarragona), Spain
| | - Anna Toldrà
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou Km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Rey
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou Km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Irene Todolí
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou Km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Karl B Andree
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou Km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Mònica Campàs
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou Km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francesc X Sureda
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/St. Llorenç 21, E-43201, Reus (Tarragona), Spain
| | - Jorge Diogène
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou Km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain.
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L’Herondelle K, Talagas M, Mignen O, Misery L, Le Garrec R. Neurological Disturbances of Ciguatera Poisoning: Clinical Features and Pathophysiological Basis. Cells 2020; 9:E2291. [PMID: 33066435 PMCID: PMC7602189 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), the most prevalent seafood poisoning worldwide, is caused by the consumption of tropical and subtropical fish contaminated with potent neurotoxins called ciguatoxins (CTXs). Ciguatera is a complex clinical syndrome in which peripheral neurological signs predominate in the acute phase of the intoxication but also persist or reoccur long afterward. Their recognition is of particular importance in establishing the diagnosis, which is clinically-based and can be a challenge for physicians unfamiliar with CFP. To date, no specific treatment exists. Physiopathologically, the primary targets of CTXs are well identified, as are the secondary events that may contribute to CFP symptomatology. This review describes the clinical features, focusing on the sensory disturbances, and then reports on the neuronal targets and effects of CTXs, as well as the neurophysiological and histological studies that have contributed to existing knowledge of CFP neuropathophysiology at the molecular, neurocellular and nerve levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killian L’Herondelle
- University of Brest, School of Medicine, Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums-Neurones (Univ Brest, LIEN), F-29200 Brest, France; (K.L.); (M.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Matthieu Talagas
- University of Brest, School of Medicine, Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums-Neurones (Univ Brest, LIEN), F-29200 Brest, France; (K.L.); (M.T.); (L.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Olivier Mignen
- University of Brest, School of Medicine, INSERM U1227, Lymphocytes B et auto-immunité, F-29200 Brest, France;
| | - Laurent Misery
- University of Brest, School of Medicine, Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums-Neurones (Univ Brest, LIEN), F-29200 Brest, France; (K.L.); (M.T.); (L.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Raphaele Le Garrec
- University of Brest, School of Medicine, Laboratoire Interactions Epithéliums-Neurones (Univ Brest, LIEN), F-29200 Brest, France; (K.L.); (M.T.); (L.M.)
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15
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Wu X, Cai H, Pan L, Cui G, Qin F, Li Y, Cai Z. Small Molecule Natural Products and Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:187-204. [PMID: 30714527 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190201153257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and deadly neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by memory loss, cognitive impairment and dementia. Several hypotheses have been proposed for the pathogenesis based on the pathological changes in the brain of AD patients during the last few decades. Unfortunately, there is no effective agents/therapies to prevent or control AD at present. Currently, only a few drugs, which function as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors or N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, are available to alleviate symptoms. Since many small molecule natural products have shown their functions as agonists or antagonists of receptors, as well as inhibitors of enzymes and proteins in the brain during the development of central nervous system (CNS) drugs, it is likely that natural products will play an important role in anti-AD drug development. We review recent papers on using small molecule natural products as drug candidates for the treatment of AD. These natural products possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterase, anti-amyloidogenic and neuroprotective activities. Moreover, bioactive natural products intended to be used for preventing AD, reducing the symptoms of AD and the new targets for treatment of AD are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoai Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huawei Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lili Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gang Cui
- Drug Clinical Trial Research Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Feng Qin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - YunChun Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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Boente-Juncal A, Vale C, Alfonso A, Botana LM. Synergistic Effect of Transient Receptor Potential Antagonist and Amiloride against Maitotoxin Induced Calcium Increase and Cytotoxicity in Human Neuronal Stem Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2667-2678. [PMID: 29733572 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maitotoxins (MTX) are among the most potent marine toxins identified to date causing cell death trough massive calcium influx. However, the exact mechanism for the MTX-induced calcium entry and cytotoxicity is still unknown. In this work, the effect of MTX-1 on the cytosolic free calcium concentration and cellular viability of human neuronal stem cells was evaluated. MTX elicited a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability which was already evident after 1 h of treatment with 0.25 nM MTX; however, at a concentration of 0.1 nM, the toxin did not cause cell death even after 14 days of exposure. Moreover, the toxin caused a concentration dependent rise in the cytosolic calcium concentration which was maximal at toxin concentrations of 1 nM and dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium on the bathing solution. Several pharmacological approaches were employed to evaluate the role of canonical transient potential receptor channels (TRPC) on the MTX effects. The results presented here lead to the identification of the TRPC4 channels as contributors to the MTX effects in human neuronal cells. Both, the calcium increase and the cytotoxicity of MTX were either fully (for the calcium increase) or partially (in the case of cytotoxicity) reverted by the blockade of canonical TRPC4 receptors with the selective antagonist ML204. Furthermore, the sodium proton exchanger blocker amiloride also partially inhibited the calcium rise and the cell death elicited by MTX while the combination of amiloride and ML204 fully prevented both the cytotoxicity and the calcium rise elicited by the toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Boente-Juncal
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Carmen Vale
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Martin-Yken H, Gironde C, Derick S, Darius HT, Furger C, Laurent D, Chinain M. Ciguatoxins activate the Calcineurin signalling pathway in Yeasts: Potential for development of an alternative detection tool? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 162:144-151. [PMID: 29306662 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ciguatoxins (CTXs) are lipid-soluble polyether compounds produced by dinoflagellates from the genus Gambierdiscus spp. typically found in tropical and subtropical zones. This endemic area is however rapidly expanding due to environmental perturbations, and both toxic Gambierdiscus spp. and ciguatoxic fishes have been recently identified in the North Atlantic Ocean (Madeira and Canary islands) and Mediterranean Sea. Ciguatoxins bind to Voltage Gated Sodium Channels on the membranes of sensory neurons, causing Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) in humans, a disease characterized by a complex array of gastrointestinal, neurological, neuropsychological, and cardiovascular symptoms. Although CFP is the most frequently reported non bacterial food-borne poisoning worldwide, there is still no simple and quick way of detecting CTXs in contaminated samples. In the prospect to engineer rapid and easy-to-use CTXs live cells-based tests, we have studied the effects of CTXs on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a unicellular model which displays a remarkable conservation of cellular signalling pathways with higher eukaryotes. Taking advantage of this high level of conservation, yeast strains have been genetically modified to encode specific transcriptional reporters responding to CTXs exposure. These yeast strains were further exposed to different concentrations of either purified CTX or micro-algal extracts containing CTXs. Our data establish that CTXs are not cytotoxic to yeast cells even at concentrations as high as 1μM, and cause an increase in the level of free intracellular calcium in yeast cells. Concomitantly, a dose-dependent activation of the calcineurin signalling pathway is observed, as assessed by measuring the activity of specific transcriptional reporters in the engineered yeast strains. These findings offer promising prospects regarding the potential development of a yeast cells-based test that could supplement or, in some instances, replace current methods for the routine detection of CTXs in seafood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Martin-Yken
- LISBP INSA Université de Toulouse, UMR CNRS 5504, UMR INRA 792, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France.
| | - Camille Gironde
- Led Engineering Development and LAAS-CNRS, 7 Avenue du colonel Roche, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvain Derick
- Led Engineering Development and LAAS-CNRS, 7 Avenue du colonel Roche, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Taiana Darius
- Laboratoire des Micro-Algues Toxiques, Institut Louis Malardé, UMR 241-EIO, BP 30 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, Polynésie Française
| | - Christophe Furger
- Led Engineering Development and LAAS-CNRS, 7 Avenue du colonel Roche, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Laurent
- Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3 UMR 152 et IRD Polynésie Française, BP 529 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, Polynésie Française
| | - Mireille Chinain
- Laboratoire des Micro-Algues Toxiques, Institut Louis Malardé, UMR 241-EIO, BP 30 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, Polynésie Française
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18
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Gatti CMI, Lonati D, Darius HT, Zancan A, Roué M, Schicchi A, Locatelli CA, Chinain M. Tectus niloticus (Tegulidae, Gastropod) as a Novel Vector of Ciguatera Poisoning: Clinical Characterization and Follow-Up of a Mass Poisoning Event in Nuku Hiva Island (French Polynesia). Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E102. [PMID: 29495579 PMCID: PMC5869390 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is the most prevalent non-bacterial food-borne form of poisoning in French Polynesia, which results from the consumption of coral reef fish naturally contaminated with ciguatoxins produced by dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus. Since the early 2000s, this French territory has also witnessed the emergence of atypical forms of ciguatera, known as ciguatera shellfish poisoning (CSP), associated with the consumption of marine invertebrates. In June 2014, nine tourists simultaneously developed a major and persistent poisoning syndrome following the consumption of the gastropod Tectus niloticus collected in Anaho, a secluded bay of Nuku Hiva Island (Marquesas Archipelago, French Polynesia). The unusual nature and severity of this event prompted a multidisciplinary investigation in order to characterize the etiology and document the short/long-term health consequences of this mass-poisoning event. This paper presents the results of clinical investigations based on hospital medical records, medical follow-up conducted six and 20 months post-poisoning, including a case description. This study is the first to describe the medical signature of T. niloticus poisoning in French Polynesia and contributed to alerting local authorities about the potential health hazards associated with the consumption of this gastropod, which is highly prized by local communities in Pacific island countries and territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti
- Laboratory of Toxic Microalgae, Institut Louis Malardé (ILM)-UMR 241-EIO, P.O. box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
| | - Davide Lonati
- Poison Control Centre and National Toxicology Information Centre-Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Maugeri Hospital and University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Hélène Taiana Darius
- Laboratory of Toxic Microalgae, Institut Louis Malardé (ILM)-UMR 241-EIO, P.O. box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
| | - Arturo Zancan
- Subacute Care Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Maugeri Hospital, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Mélanie Roué
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-UMR 241-EIO, P.O. box 529, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
| | - Azzurra Schicchi
- Poison Control Centre and National Toxicology Information Centre-Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Maugeri Hospital and University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Carlo Alessandro Locatelli
- Poison Control Centre and National Toxicology Information Centre-Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Maugeri Hospital and University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Mireille Chinain
- Laboratory of Toxic Microalgae, Institut Louis Malardé (ILM)-UMR 241-EIO, P.O. box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
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Pacific Ciguatoxin Induces Excitotoxicity and Neurodegeneration in the Motor Cortex Via Caspase 3 Activation: Implication for Irreversible Motor Deficit. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6769-6787. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Shmukler YB, Nikishin DA. Ladder-Shaped Ion Channel Ligands: Current State of Knowledge. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E232. [PMID: 28726749 PMCID: PMC5532674 DOI: 10.3390/md15070232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciguatoxins (CTX) and brevetoxins (BTX) are polycyclic ethereal compounds biosynthesized by the worldwide distributed planktonic and epibenthic dinoflagellates of Gambierdiscus and Karenia genera, correspondingly. Ciguatera, evoked by CTXs, is a type of ichthyosarcotoxism, which involves a variety of gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms, while BTXs cause so-called neurotoxic shellfish poisoning. Both types of toxins are reviewed together because of similar mechanisms of their action. These are the only molecules known to activate voltage-sensitive Na⁺-channels in mammals through a specific interaction with site 5 of its α-subunit and may compete for it, which results in an increase in neuronal excitability, neurotransmitter release and impairment of synaptic vesicle recycling. Most marine ciguatoxins potentiate Nav channels, but a considerable number of them, such as gambierol and maitotoxin, have been shown to affect another ion channel. Although the extrinsic function of these toxins is probably associated with the function of a feeding deterrent, it was suggested that their intrinsic function is coupled with the regulation of photosynthesis via light-harvesting complex II and thioredoxin. Antagonistic effects of BTXs and brevenal may provide evidence of their participation as positive and negative regulators of this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri B Shmukler
- Group of Embryophysiology, N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26, Vavilov st, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Denis A Nikishin
- Group of Embryophysiology, N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26, Vavilov st, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
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21
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Alonso E, Vieira AC, Rodriguez I, Alvariño R, Gegunde S, Fuwa H, Suga Y, Sasaki M, Alfonso A, Cifuentes JM, Botana LM. Tetracyclic Truncated Analogue of the Marine Toxin Gambierol Modifies NMDA, Tau, and Amyloid β Expression in Mice Brains: Implications in AD Pathology. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1358-1367. [PMID: 28125211 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gambierol and its two, tetra- and heptacyclic, analogues have been previously proved as promising molecules for the modulation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) hallmarks in primary cortical neurons of 3xTg-AD fetuses. In this work, the effect of the tetracyclic analogue of gambierol was tested in vivo in 3xTg-AD mice (10 months old) after 1 month of weekly treatment with 50 μg/kg. Adverse effects were not reported throughout the whole treatment period and no pathological signs were observed for the analyzed organs. The compound was found in brain samples after intraperitoneal injection. The tetracyclic analogue of gambierol elicited a decrease of amyloid β1-42 levels and a dose-dependent inhibition of β-secretase enzyme-1 activity. Moreover, this compound also reduced the phosphorylation of tau at the 181 and 159/163 residues with an increase of the inactive isoform of the glycogen synthase kinase-3β. In accordance with our in vitro neuronal model, this compound produced a reduction in the N2A subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. The combined effect of this compound on amyloid β1-42 and tau phosphorylation represents a multitarget therapeutic approach for AD which might be more effective for this multifactorial and complex neurodegenerative disease than the current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Alonso
- Departamento
de Farmacología, §Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Andrés C. Vieira
- Departamento
de Farmacología, §Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Inés Rodriguez
- Departamento
de Farmacología, §Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Rebeca Alvariño
- Departamento
de Farmacología, §Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Sandra Gegunde
- Departamento
de Farmacología, §Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Haruhiko Fuwa
- Graduate
School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yuto Suga
- Graduate
School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Graduate
School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento
de Farmacología, §Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | | | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento
de Farmacología, §Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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22
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Dechraoui Bottein MY, Clausing RJ. Receptor-Binding Assay for the Analysis of Marine Toxins. RECENT ADVANCES IN THE ANALYSIS OF MARINE TOXINS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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23
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Visciano P, Schirone M, Berti M, Milandri A, Tofalo R, Suzzi G. Marine Biotoxins: Occurrence, Toxicity, Regulatory Limits and Reference Methods. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1051. [PMID: 27458445 PMCID: PMC4933704 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms are natural phenomena caused by the massive growth of phytoplankton that may contain highly toxic chemicals, the so-called marine biotoxins causing illness and even death to both aquatic organisms and humans. Their occurrence has been increased in frequency and severity, suggesting a worldwide public health risk. Marine biotoxins can accumulate in bivalve molluscs and regulatory limits have been set for some classes according to European Union legislation. These compounds can be distinguished in water- and fat-soluble molecules. The first group involves those of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning and Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning, whereas the toxins soluble in fat can cause Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning and Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning. Due to the lack of long-term toxicity studies, establishing tolerable daily intakes for any of these marine biotoxins was not possible, but an acute reference dose can be considered more appropriate, because these molecules show an acute toxicity. Dietary exposure assessment is linked both to the levels of marine biotoxins present in bivalve molluscs and the portion that could be eaten by consumers. Symptoms may vary from a severe gastrointestinal intoxication with diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps to neurological disorders such as ataxia, dizziness, partial paralysis, and respiratory distress. The official method for the detection of marine biotoxins is the mouse bioassay (MBA) showing some limits due to ethical restrictions and insufficient specificity. For this reason, the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method has replaced MBA as the reference technique. However, the monitoring of algal blooms producing marine biotoxins should be regularly assessed in order to obtain more reliable, accurate estimates of bloom toxicity and their potential impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierina Visciano
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo Teramo, Italy
| | - Maria Schirone
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo Teramo, Italy
| | - Miriam Berti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale" Teramo, Italy
| | - Anna Milandri
- National Reference Laboratory for Marine Biotoxins, Fondazione Centro Ricerche Marine Cesenatico, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tofalo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Suzzi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo Teramo, Italy
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24
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Kopljar I, Grottesi A, de Block T, Rainier JD, Tytgat J, Labro AJ, Snyders DJ. Voltage-sensor conformation shapes the intra-membrane drug binding site that determines gambierol affinity in Kv channels. Neuropharmacology 2016; 107:160-167. [PMID: 26956727 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Marine ladder-shaped polyether toxins are implicated in neurological symptoms of fish-borne food poisonings. The toxin gambierol, produced by the marine dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus, belongs to the group of ladder-shaped polyether toxins and inhibits Kv3.1 channels with nanomolar affinity through a mechanism of gating modification. Binding determinants for gambierol localize at the lipid-exposed interface of the pore forming S5 and S6 segments, suggesting that gambierol binds outside of the permeation pathway. To explore a possible involvement of the voltage-sensing domain (VSD), we made different chimeric channels between Kv3.1 and Kv2.1, exchanging distinct parts of the gating machinery. Our results showed that neither the electro-mechanical coupling nor the S1-S3a region of the VSD affect gambierol sensitivity. In contrast, the S3b-S4 part of the VSD (paddle motif) decreased gambierol sensitivity in Kv3.1 more than 100-fold. Structure determination by homology modeling indicated that the position of the S3b-S4 paddle and its primary structure defines the shape and∖or the accessibility of the binding site for gambierol, explaining the observed differences in gambierol affinity between the channel chimeras. Furthermore, these findings explain the observed difference in gambierol affinity for the closed and open channel configurations of Kv3.1, opening new possibilities for exploring the VSDs as selectivity determinants in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kopljar
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Tessa de Block
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jon D Rainier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-0850, USA
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alain J Labro
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dirk J Snyders
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
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25
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Hossen V, Soliño L, Leroy P, David E, Velge P, Dragacci S, Krys S, Flores Quintana H, Diogène J. Contribution to the risk characterization of ciguatoxins: LOAEL estimated from eight ciguatera fish poisoning events in Guadeloupe (French West Indies). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 143:100-108. [PMID: 26409497 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
From 2010 to 2012, 35 ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) events involving 87 individuals who consumed locally-caught fish were reported in Guadeloupe (French West Indies). For 12 of these events, the presence of ciguatoxins (CTXs) was indicated in meal remnants and in uncooked fish by the mouse bioassay (MBA). Caribbean ciguatoxins (C-CTXs) were confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Using a cell-based assay (CBA), and the only available standard Pacific ciguatoxin-1 (P-CTX-1), the lowest toxins level detected in fish samples causing CFP was 0.022 µg P-CTX-1 equivalent (eq.)·kg(-1) fish. Epidemiological and consumption data were compiled for most of the individuals afflicted, and complete data for establishing the lowest observable adverse effects level (LOAEL) were obtained from 8 CFP events involving 21 individuals. Based on toxin intakes, the LOAEL was estimated at 4.2 ng P-CTX-1 eq./individual corresponding to 48. 4 pg P-CTX-1 eq.kg(-1) body weight (bw). Although based on limited data, these results are consistent with the conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) opinion which indicates that a level of 0.01 µg P-CTX-1 eq.kg(-1) fish, regardless of source, should not exert effects in sensitive individuals when consuming a single meal. The calculated LOAEL is also consistent with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidance levels for CTXs (0.1 µg C-CTX-1 eq.kg(-1) and 0.01 µg P-CTX-1 eq.kg(-1) fish).
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Hossen
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES-Laboratory for Food Safety, National Reference Laboratory for the Control of Marine biotoxins, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Lucia Soliño
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Ctra. Poble Nou km 5.5, Sant Carles de la Rapita, Spain
| | - Patricia Leroy
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES-Laboratory for Food Safety, National Reference Laboratory for the Control of Marine biotoxins, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Eric David
- Ministry of Agriculture, Direction de l'Alimentation de l'Agriculture et de la Forêt de Guadeloupe, Abymes, France
| | - Pierre Velge
- Ministry of Agriculture, General Directorate for Food, Paris, France
| | - Sylviane Dragacci
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES-Laboratory for Food Safety, National Reference Laboratory for the Control of Marine biotoxins, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Sophie Krys
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES-Laboratory for Food Safety, National Reference Laboratory for the Control of Marine biotoxins, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Harold Flores Quintana
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Division of Seafood Science and Technology, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, 1 Iberville Drive, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA
| | - Jorge Diogène
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Ctra. Poble Nou km 5.5, Sant Carles de la Rapita, Spain
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26
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Martin V, Vale C, Antelo A, Hirama M, Yamashita S, Vieytes MR, Botana LM. Differential Effects of Ciguatoxin and Maitotoxin in Primary Cultures of Cortical Neurons. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1387-400. [DOI: 10.1021/tx5000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Masahiro Hirama
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shuji Yamashita
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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27
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Mattei C, Molgó J, Benoit E. Involvement of both sodium influx and potassium efflux in ciguatoxin-induced nodal swelling of frog myelinated axons. Neuropharmacology 2014; 85:417-26. [PMID: 24950451 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ciguatoxins, mainly produced by benthic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus species, are responsible for a complex human poisoning known as ciguatera. Previous pharmacological studies revealed that these toxins activate voltage-gated Na+ channels. In frog nodes of Ranvier, ciguatoxins induce spontaneous and repetitive action potentials (APs) and increase axonal volume that may explain alterations of nerve functioning in intoxicated humans. The present study aimed determining the ionic mechanisms involved in Pacific ciguatoxin-1B (P-CTX-1B)-induced membrane hyperexcitability and subsequent volume increase in frog nodes of Ranvier, using electrophysiology and confocal microscopy. The results reveal that P-CTX-1B action is not dependent on external Cl- ions since it was not affected by substituting Cl- by methylsulfate ions. In contrast, substitution of external Na+ by Li+ ions suppressed spontaneous APs and prevented nodal swelling. This suggests that P-CTX-1B-modified Na+ channels are not selective to Li+ ions and/or are blocked by these ions, and that Na+ influx through Na+ channels opened during spontaneous APs is required for axonal swelling. The fact that the K+ channel blocker tetraethylammonium modified, but did not suppress, spontaneous APs and greatly reduced nodal swelling induced by P-CTX-1B indicates that K+ efflux might also be involved. This is supported by the fact that P-CTX-1B, when tested in the presence of both tetraethylammonium and the K+ ionophore valinomycin, produced the characteristic nodal swelling. It is concluded that, during the action of P-CTX-1B, water movements responsible for axonal swelling depend on both Na+ influx and K+ efflux. These results pave the way for further studies regarding ciguatera treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Mattei
- CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard - FRC2118, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Développement - UPR3294, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France; Laboratoire Biologie Neurovasculaire et Mitochondriale Intégrée, UMR CNRS 6214 INSERM 1083, Université d'Angers, 49045 Angers cedex 01, France.
| | - Jordi Molgó
- CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard - FRC2118, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Développement - UPR3294, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Evelyne Benoit
- CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard - FRC2118, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Développement - UPR3294, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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28
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Kopljar I, Labro AJ, de Block T, Rainier JD, Tytgat J, Snyders DJ. The ladder-shaped polyether toxin gambierol anchors the gating machinery of Kv3.1 channels in the resting state. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 141:359-69. [PMID: 23401573 PMCID: PMC3581691 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201210890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) and sodium (Nav) channels are key determinants of cellular excitability and serve as targets of neurotoxins. Most marine ciguatoxins potentiate Nav channels and cause ciguatera seafood poisoning. Several ciguatoxins have also been shown to affect Kv channels, and we showed previously that the ladder-shaped polyether toxin gambierol is a potent Kv channel inhibitor. Most likely, gambierol acts via a lipid-exposed binding site, located outside the K+ permeation pathway. However, the mechanism by which gambierol inhibits Kv channels remained unknown. Using gating and ionic current analysis to investigate how gambierol affected S6 gate opening and voltage-sensing domain (VSD) movements, we show that the resting (closed) channel conformation forms the high-affinity state for gambierol. The voltage dependence of activation was shifted by >120 mV in the depolarizing direction, precluding channel opening in the physiological voltage range. The (early) transitions between the resting and the open state were monitored with gating currents, and provided evidence that strong depolarizations allowed VSD movement up to the activated-not-open state. However, for transition to the fully open (ion-conducting) state, the toxin first needed to dissociate. These dissociation kinetics were markedly accelerated in the activated-not-open state, presumably because this state displayed a much lower affinity for gambierol. A tetrameric concatemer with only one high-affinity binding site still displayed high toxin sensitivity, suggesting that interaction with a single binding site prevented the concerted step required for channel opening. We propose a mechanism whereby gambierol anchors the channel’s gating machinery in the resting state, requiring more work from the VSD to open the channel. This mechanism is quite different from the action of classical gating modifier peptides (e.g., hanatoxin). Therefore, polyether toxins open new opportunities in structure–function relationship studies in Kv channels and in drug design to modulate channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kopljar
- Laboratory for Molecular Biophysics, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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29
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Malagoli D, Ottaviani E. Yessotoxin affects fMLP-induced cell shape changes inMytilus galloprovincialisimmunocytes. Cell Biol Int 2013; 28:57-61. [PMID: 14759769 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2003.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2003] [Revised: 09/15/2003] [Accepted: 10/31/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Using computer-assisted microscopic image analysis, we have found that algal yessotoxin (YTX) affects the immune response of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Indeed, YTX increases immunocyte cell motility through the involvement of both extracellular Ca2+ and cAMP, but not through protein kinase A, protein kinase C or phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Alone, however, the toxin does not induce any effect, as its action on cell motility is observed only after addition of the chemotactic substance N-formyl-Meth-Leu-Phe (fMLP). fMLP is known to induce cellular changes via both the phosphatidylinositol and cAMP pathways and, from this scenario, we can surmise that Ca2+ and cAMP concentrations rise sufficiently in fMLP-activated immunocytes to reveal YTX action. One possible explanation is that the toxin increases fMLP-mediated cell activation by intervening in L-type Ca2+-channel opening through a cAMP-dependent/PKA-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Malagoli
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 213/D, 41100 Modena, Italy
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30
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Abstract
Although there has been much progress with regard to marine toxins from dinoflagellates, much remains to be done. Because these compounds are a seafood consumer risk, the demands cover from legislative to scientific aspects. Legislation is required for all new toxins that appear in the coasts. On the other hand, it is important to understand the toxicity of the different analogues, in terms of both the relative toxicity to reference compounds and the mechanism of toxicity itself, both acute and long-term. For this, a uniform approach to do toxic studies is necessary, especially acute toxicity. The need for pure standards in sufficient supply and the understanding of the mode of action of some of the compounds (such as yessotoxin or azaspiracids) will help the development of another important field, the use of marine toxins as drug leads, and the chemistry around them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Botana
- Department Farmacología, Fac. Veterinaria-USC, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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31
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Toxicokinetics of the ciguatoxin P-CTX-1 in rats after intraperitoneal or oral administration. Toxicology 2011; 284:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Yamaoka K, Inoue M, Hirama M. A study on mechanisms of toxic actions of ciguatoxins: existence of functional relationship between CTX3C and charged residues of voltage sensors in Nav1.4 sodium channel. Forensic Toxicol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-011-0113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Pérez S, Vale C, Alonso E, Alfonso C, Rodríguez P, Otero P, Alfonso A, Vale P, Hirama M, Vieytes MR, Botana LM. A comparative study of the effect of ciguatoxins on voltage-dependent Na+ and K+ channels in cerebellar neurons. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:587-96. [PMID: 21351754 DOI: 10.1021/tx200043j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ciguatera is a global disease caused by the consumption of certain warm-water fish (ciguateric fish) that have accumulated orally effective levels of sodium channel activator toxins (ciguatoxins) through the marine food chain. The effect of ciguatoxin standards and contaminated ciguatoxin samples was evaluated by electrophysiological recordings in cultured cerebellar neurons. The toxins affected both voltage-gated sodium (Nav) and potassium channels (Kv) although with different potencies. CTX 3C was the most active toxin blocking the peak inward sodium currents, followed by P-CTX 1B and 51-OH CTX 3C. In contrast, P-CTX 1B was more effective in blocking potassium currents. The analysis of six different samples of contaminated fish, in which a ciguatoxin analogue of mass 1040.6, not identical with the standard 51-OH CTX 3C, was the most prevalent compound, indicated an additive effect of the different ciguatoxins present in the samples. The results presented here constitute the first comparison of the potencies of three different purified ciguatoxins on sodium and potassium channels in the same neuronal preparation and indicate that electrophysiological recordings from cultured cerebellar neurons may provide a valuable tool to detect and quantify ciguatoxins in the very low nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Pérez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, Lugo, Spain
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34
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Matsui M, Kumar-Roine S, Darius HT, Chinain M, Laurent D, Pauillac S. Pacific ciguatoxin 1B-induced modulation of inflammatory mediators in a murine macrophage cell line. Toxicon 2010; 56:776-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dual action of a dinoflagellate-derived precursor of Pacific ciguatoxins (P-CTX-4B) on voltage-dependent K+ and Na+ channels of single myelinated axons. Toxicon 2010; 56:768-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2009] [Revised: 06/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nguyen-Huu TD, Mattei C, Wen PJ, Bourdelais AJ, Lewis RJ, Benoit E, Baden DG, Molgó J, Meunier FA. Ciguatoxin-induced catecholamine secretion in bovine chromaffin cells: Mechanism of action and reversible inhibition by brevenal. Toxicon 2010; 56:792-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2009] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ciguatera: A public health perspective. Toxicon 2010; 56:123-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Otero P, Pérez S, Alfonso A, Vale C, Rodríguez P, Gouveia NN, Gouveia N, Delgado J, Vale P, Hirama M, Ishihara Y, Molgó J, Botana LM. First Toxin Profile of Ciguateric Fish in Madeira Arquipelago (Europe). Anal Chem 2010; 82:6032-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100516q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paz Otero
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain., Direcção Regional das Pescas, Estrada da Pontinha, 9000-017 Funchal, Portugal, Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos, IPIMAR (INRB-IPIMAR), Av. Brasília, s/n, 1449-006, Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan., CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, FRC2118, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et
| | - Sheila Pérez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain., Direcção Regional das Pescas, Estrada da Pontinha, 9000-017 Funchal, Portugal, Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos, IPIMAR (INRB-IPIMAR), Av. Brasília, s/n, 1449-006, Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan., CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, FRC2118, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain., Direcção Regional das Pescas, Estrada da Pontinha, 9000-017 Funchal, Portugal, Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos, IPIMAR (INRB-IPIMAR), Av. Brasília, s/n, 1449-006, Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan., CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, FRC2118, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et
| | - Carmen Vale
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain., Direcção Regional das Pescas, Estrada da Pontinha, 9000-017 Funchal, Portugal, Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos, IPIMAR (INRB-IPIMAR), Av. Brasília, s/n, 1449-006, Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan., CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, FRC2118, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et
| | - Paula Rodríguez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain., Direcção Regional das Pescas, Estrada da Pontinha, 9000-017 Funchal, Portugal, Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos, IPIMAR (INRB-IPIMAR), Av. Brasília, s/n, 1449-006, Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan., CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, FRC2118, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et
| | - Neide N. Gouveia
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain., Direcção Regional das Pescas, Estrada da Pontinha, 9000-017 Funchal, Portugal, Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos, IPIMAR (INRB-IPIMAR), Av. Brasília, s/n, 1449-006, Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan., CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, FRC2118, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et
| | - Nuno Gouveia
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain., Direcção Regional das Pescas, Estrada da Pontinha, 9000-017 Funchal, Portugal, Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos, IPIMAR (INRB-IPIMAR), Av. Brasília, s/n, 1449-006, Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan., CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, FRC2118, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et
| | - João Delgado
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain., Direcção Regional das Pescas, Estrada da Pontinha, 9000-017 Funchal, Portugal, Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos, IPIMAR (INRB-IPIMAR), Av. Brasília, s/n, 1449-006, Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan., CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, FRC2118, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et
| | - Paulo Vale
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain., Direcção Regional das Pescas, Estrada da Pontinha, 9000-017 Funchal, Portugal, Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos, IPIMAR (INRB-IPIMAR), Av. Brasília, s/n, 1449-006, Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan., CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, FRC2118, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et
| | - Masahiro Hirama
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain., Direcção Regional das Pescas, Estrada da Pontinha, 9000-017 Funchal, Portugal, Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos, IPIMAR (INRB-IPIMAR), Av. Brasília, s/n, 1449-006, Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan., CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, FRC2118, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et
| | - Yuuki Ishihara
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain., Direcção Regional das Pescas, Estrada da Pontinha, 9000-017 Funchal, Portugal, Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos, IPIMAR (INRB-IPIMAR), Av. Brasília, s/n, 1449-006, Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan., CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, FRC2118, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et
| | - Jordi Molgó
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain., Direcção Regional das Pescas, Estrada da Pontinha, 9000-017 Funchal, Portugal, Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos, IPIMAR (INRB-IPIMAR), Av. Brasília, s/n, 1449-006, Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan., CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, FRC2118, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain., Direcção Regional das Pescas, Estrada da Pontinha, 9000-017 Funchal, Portugal, Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos, IPIMAR (INRB-IPIMAR), Av. Brasília, s/n, 1449-006, Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan., CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, FRC2118, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et
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Caillaud A, de la Iglesia P, Darius HT, Pauillac S, Aligizaki K, Fraga S, Chinain M, Diogène J. Update on methodologies available for ciguatoxin determination: perspectives to confront the onset of ciguatera fish poisoning in Europe. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:1838-907. [PMID: 20631873 PMCID: PMC2901828 DOI: 10.3390/md8061838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) occurs mainly when humans ingest finfish contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs). The complexity and variability of such toxins have made it difficult to develop reliable methods to routinely monitor CFP with specificity and sensitivity. This review aims to describe the methodologies available for CTX detection, including those based on the toxicological, biochemical, chemical, and pharmaceutical properties of CTXs. Selecting any of these methodological approaches for routine monitoring of ciguatera may be dependent upon the applicability of the method. However, identifying a reference validation method for CTXs is a critical and urgent issue, and is dependent upon the availability of certified CTX standards and the coordinated action of laboratories. Reports of CFP cases in European hospitals have been described in several countries, and are mostly due to travel to CFP endemic areas. Additionally, the recent detection of the CTX-producing tropical genus Gambierdiscus in the eastern Atlantic Ocean of the northern hemisphere and in the Mediterranean Sea, as well as the confirmation of CFP in the Canary Islands and possibly in Madeira, constitute other reasons to study the onset of CFP in Europe [1]. The question of the possible contribution of climate change to the distribution of toxin-producing microalgae and ciguateric fish is raised. The impact of ciguatera onset on European Union (EU) policies will be discussed with respect to EU regulations on marine toxins in seafood. Critical analysis and availability of methodologies for CTX determination is required for a rapid response to suspected CFP cases and to conduct sound CFP risk analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Caillaud
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou, Km 5,5. 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain; E-Mails: (A.C.); (P.I.)
| | - Pablo de la Iglesia
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou, Km 5,5. 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain; E-Mails: (A.C.); (P.I.)
| | - H. Taiana Darius
- Laboratoire des micro-algues toxiques, Institut Louis Malardé, BP30, 98713 Papeete Tahiti, French Polynesia; E-Mails: (H.T.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Serge Pauillac
- Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du docteur Roux, 75 015 Paris, France; E-Mail: (S.P.)
| | - Katerina Aligizaki
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University, 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece; E-Mail: (K.A.)
| | - Santiago Fraga
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Subida a Radio Faro, 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain; E-Mail: (S.F.)
| | - Mireille Chinain
- Laboratoire des micro-algues toxiques, Institut Louis Malardé, BP30, 98713 Papeete Tahiti, French Polynesia; E-Mails: (H.T.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Jorge Diogène
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou, Km 5,5. 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain; E-Mails: (A.C.); (P.I.)
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Mattei C, Marquais M, Schlumberger S, Molgó J, Vernoux JP, Lewis RJ, Benoit E. Analysis of Caribbean ciguatoxin-1 effects on frog myelinated axons and the neuromuscular junction. Toxicon 2009; 56:759-67. [PMID: 19646468 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Caribbean ciguatoxin-1 (C-CTX-1) induced, after about 1h exposure, muscle membrane depolarisation and repetitive post-synaptic action potentials (APs) in frog neuromuscular preparations. This depolarising effect was also observed in a Ca(2+)-free medium with a strong enhancement of spontaneous quantal transmitter release, compared with control conditions. The ciguatoxin-induced increase in release could be accelerated when Ca(2+) was present in the extracellular medium. C-CTX-1 also enhanced nerve-evoked quantal acetylcholine (ACh) release. At normal neuromuscular junctions loaded with the fluorescent dye FM1-43, C-CTX-1 induced swelling of nerve terminals, an effect that was reversed by hyperosmotic d-mannitol. In myelinated axons, C-CTX-1 increased nodal membrane excitability, inducing spontaneous and repetitive APs. Also, the toxin enlarged the repolarising phase of APs in control and tetraethylammonium-treated axons. Overall, our data suggest that C-CTX-1 affects nerve excitability and neurotransmitter release at nerve terminals. We conclude that C-CTX-1-induced up-regulation of Na(+) channels and the inhibition of K(+) channels, at low nanomolar concentrations, produce a variety of functional dysfunctions that are in part responsible for the human muscle skeletal symptoms observed in ciguatera. All these dysfunctions seem to result from the subtle balance between ionic currents, intracellular Na(+) and Ca(2+) concentrations, and engaged second messengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Mattei
- CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard - FRC2118, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire - UPR9040, bât. 32-33, F-91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
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Marine Toxins Potently Affecting Neurotransmitter Release. MARINE TOXINS AS RESEARCH TOOLS 2009; 46:159-86. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-87895-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Pietra F. Binding of ciguatera toxins to the voltage-gated Kv1.5 potassium channel in the open state. Docking of gambierol and molecular dynamics simulations of a homology model. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mattei C, Wen PJ, Nguyen-Huu TD, Alvarez M, Benoit E, Bourdelais AJ, Lewis RJ, Baden DG, Molgó J, Meunier FA. Brevenal inhibits pacific ciguatoxin-1B-induced neurosecretion from bovine chromaffin cells. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3448. [PMID: 18941627 PMCID: PMC2565126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciguatoxins and brevetoxins are neurotoxic cyclic polyether compounds produced by dinoflagellates, which are responsible for ciguatera and neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) respectively. Recently, brevenal, a natural compound was found to specifically inhibit brevetoxin action and to have a beneficial effect in NSP. Considering that brevetoxin and ciguatoxin specifically activate voltage-sensitive Na+ channels through the same binding site, brevenal has therefore a good potential for the treatment of ciguatera. Pacific ciguatoxin-1B (P-CTX-1B) activates voltage-sensitive Na+ channels and promotes an increase in neurotransmitter release believed to underpin the symptoms associated with ciguatera. However, the mechanism through which slow Na+ influx promotes neurosecretion is not fully understood. In the present study, we used chromaffin cells as a model to reconstitute the sequence of events culminating in ciguatoxin-evoked neurosecretion. We show that P-CTX-1B induces a tetrodotoxin-sensitive rise in intracellular Na+, closely followed by an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ responsible for promoting SNARE-dependent catecholamine secretion. Our results reveal that brevenal and β-naphtoyl-brevetoxin prevent P-CTX-1B secretagogue activity without affecting nicotine or barium-induced catecholamine secretion. Brevenal is therefore a potent inhibitor of ciguatoxin-induced neurotoxic effect and a potential treatment for ciguatera.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Mattei
- CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Peter J. Wen
- Queensland Brain Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Truong D. Nguyen-Huu
- Queensland Brain Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martha Alvarez
- Queensland Brain Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Photonics and Mathematical Optics Group, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
| | - Evelyne Benoit
- CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Andrea J. Bourdelais
- Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniel G. Baden
- Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jordi Molgó
- CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- * E-mail: (JM); (FAM)
| | - Frédéric A. Meunier
- Queensland Brain Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail: (JM); (FAM)
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Sodium-dependent action potentials induced by brevetoxin-3 trigger both IP3 increase and intracellular Ca2+ release in rat skeletal myotubes. Cell Calcium 2008; 44:289-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2007.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Kumar-Roiné S, Matsui M, Chinain M, Laurent D, Pauillac S. Modulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages by Pacific ciguatoxin. Nitric Oxide 2008; 19:21-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Bottein Dechraoui MY, Rezvani AH, Gordon CJ, Levin ED, Ramsdell JS. Repeat exposure to ciguatoxin leads to enhanced and sustained thermoregulatory, pain threshold and motor activity responses in mice: Relationship to blood ciguatoxin concentrations. Toxicology 2008; 246:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ciguatoxins: Cyclic Polyether Modulators of Voltage-gated Iion Channel Function. Mar Drugs 2006. [PMCID: PMC3663417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciguatoxins are cyclic polyether toxins, derived from marine dinoflagellates, which are responsible for the symptoms of ciguatera poisoning. Ingestion of tropical and subtropical fin fish contaminated by ciguatoxins results in an illness characterised by neurological, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disorders. The pharmacology of ciguatoxins is characterised by their ability to cause persistent activation of voltage-gated sodium channels, to increase neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release, to impair synaptic vesicle recycling, and to cause cell swelling. It is these effects, in combination with an action to block voltage-gated potassium channels at high doses, which are believed to underlie the complex of symptoms associated with ciguatera. This review examines the sources, structures and pharmacology of ciguatoxins. In particular, attention is placed on their cellular modes of actions to modulate voltage-gated ion channels and other Na+-dependent mechanisms in numerous cell types and to current approaches for detection and treatment of ciguatera.
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Louzao MC, Cagide E, Vieytes MR, Sasaki M, Fuwa H, Yasumoto T, Botana LM. The Sodium Channel of Human Excitable Cells is a Target for Gambierol. Cell Physiol Biochem 2006; 17:257-68. [PMID: 16791001 DOI: 10.1159/000094138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambierol is a polycyclic ether toxin with the same biogenetic origin as ciguatoxins. Gambierol has been associated with neurological symptoms in humans even though its mechanism of action has not been fully characterized. METHODS We studied the effect of gambierol in human neuroblastoma cells by using bis-oxonol to measure membrane potential and FURA-2 to monitor intracellular calcium. RESULTS We found that this toxin: i) produced a membrane depolarization, ii) potentiated the effect of veratridine on membrane potential iii) decreased ciguatoxin-induced depolarization and iv) increased cytosolic calcium in neuroblastoma cells. CONCLUSION These results indicate that gambierol modulate ion fluxes by acting as a partial agonist of sodium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Louzao
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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Birinyi-Strachan LC, Davies MJ, Lewis RJ, Nicholson GM. Neuroprotectant effects of iso-osmolar D-mannitol to prevent Pacific ciguatoxin-1 induced alterations in neuronal excitability: a comparison with other osmotic agents and free radical scavengers. Neuropharmacology 2005; 49:669-86. [PMID: 15950247 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2004] [Revised: 02/12/2005] [Accepted: 04/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The basis for the neuroprotectant effect of D-mannitol in reducing the sensory neurological disturbances seen in ciguatera poisoning, is unclear. Pacific ciguatoxin-1 (P-CTX-1), at a concentration 10 nM, caused a statistically significant swelling of rat sensory dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons that was reversed by hyperosmolar 50 mM D-mannitol. However, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, it was found that P-CTX-1 failed to generate hydroxyl free radicals at concentrations of toxin that caused profound effects on neuronal excitability. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from DRG neurons revealed that both hyper- and iso-osmolar 50 mM D-mannitol prevented the membrane depolarisation and repetitive firing of action potentials induced by P-CTX-1. In addition, both hyper- and iso-osmolar 50 mM D-mannitol prevented the hyperpolarising shift in steady-state inactivation and the rise in leakage current through tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive Na(v) channels, as well as the increased rate of recovery from inactivation of TTX-resistant Na(v) channels induced by P-CTX-1. D-Mannitol also reduced, but did not prevent, the inhibition of peak TTX-sensitive and TTX-resistant I(Na) amplitude by P-CTX-1. Additional experiments using hyper- and iso-osmolar D-sorbitol, hyperosmolar sucrose and the free radical scavenging agents Trolox and L-ascorbic acid showed that these agents, unlike D-mannitol, failed to prevent the effects of P-CTX-1 on spike electrogenesis and Na(v) channel gating. These selective actions of D-mannitol indicate that it does not act purely as an osmotic agent to reduce swelling of nerves, but involves a more complex action dependent on the Na(v) channel subtype, possibly to alter or reduce toxin association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesl C Birinyi-Strachan
- Neurotoxin Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
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