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Pavlova AV, Zvyagin IV, Shugay M. Detecting T-cell clonal expansions and quantifying clone survival using deep profiling of immune repertoires. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1321603. [PMID: 38633256 PMCID: PMC11021634 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1321603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
An individual's T-cell repertoire constantly changes under the influence of external and internal factors. Cells that do not receive a stimulatory signal die, while those that encounter and recognize a pathogen or receive a co-stimulatory signal divide, resulting in clonal expansions. T-cell clones can be traced by monitoring the presence of their unique T-cell receptor (TCR) sequence, which is assembled de novo through a process known as V(D)J rearrangement. Tracking T cells can provide valuable insights into the survival of cells after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or cancer treatment response and can indicate the induction of protective immunity by vaccination. In this study, we report a bioinformatic method for quantifying the T-cell repertoire dynamics from TCR sequencing data. We demonstrate its utility by measuring the T-cell repertoire stability in healthy donors, by quantifying the effect of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), and by tracking the fate of the different T-cell subsets in HSCT patients and the expansion of pathogen-specific clones in vaccinated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V. Pavlova
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Zvyagin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Dmitriy Rogachev National Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Shugay
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Lee GH, Lee JY, Jang J, Kang YJ, Choi SA, Kim HC, Park S, Kim MS, Lee W. Anti‐thymocyte globulin‐mediated immunosenescent alterations of T cells in kidney transplant patients. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1431. [PMCID: PMC9686013 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Kidney transplant (KT) is the most effective treatment for end‐stage renal disease. The immunosuppressant anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) has been applied for induction therapy to reduce the risk of acute transplant rejection for patients at high immunological risk. Despite its putative role in replicative stress during immune reconstitution, the effects of ATG on T‐cell immunosenescent changes remain to be understood. Methods Phenotypic and functional features of senescent T cells were examined by flow cytometry in 116 healthy controls (HC) and 95 KT patients for comparative analysis according to ATG treatment and CMV reactivation. The TCR repertoire was analysed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of KT patients. Results T cells of KT patients treated with ATG (ATG+) show typical immunosenescent features, accumulation of CD28−, CD85j+ or CD57+ T cells, and imbalance of functional T‐cell subsets, compared with untreated KT patients (ATG−). Plasma IL‐15 and CMV‐IgG levels were higher in KT patients than in HCs, and the IL‐15 level positively correlated with the frequency of CD28− T cells in KT patients. ATG+ patients had a higher prevalence of CMV reactivation, which is associated with an increased frequency of CD28− T cells. As a result, ATG+ patients had expanded CMV‐specific T cells and decreased TCR diversity. However, proliferation, cytokine‐producing capacity and polyfunctionality of T cells were preserved in ATG+ patients. Conclusion Our findings suggest that ATG treatment contributes to the accumulation of senescent T cells, which may have lifelong clinical implications in KT patients. Thus, these patients require long‐term and comprehensive immune monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Hye Lee
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jee Youn Lee
- Department of SurgeryKangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jiyeon Jang
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Yeon Jun Kang
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Seung Ah Choi
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular HospitalYonsei University Health SystemSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Kim
- Department of SurgeryYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Won‐Woo Lee
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Cancer Research Institute, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, and Institute of Infectious DiseasesSeoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research InstituteSeoulSouth Korea
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3
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Ludwig LM, Hawley KM, Banks DB, Thomas-Toth AT, Blazar BR, McNerney ME, Leverson JD, LaBelle JL. Venetoclax imparts distinct cell death sensitivity and adaptivity patterns in T cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1005. [PMID: 34707089 PMCID: PMC8551340 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BH3 mimetics are increasingly used as anti-cancer therapeutics either alone or in conjunction with other chemotherapies. However, mounting evidence has also demonstrated that BH3 mimetics modulate varied amounts of apoptotic signaling in healthy immune populations. In order to maximize their clinical potential, it will be essential to understand how BH3 mimetics affect discrete immune populations and to determine how BH3 mimetic pressure causes immune system adaptation. Here we focus on the BCL-2 specific inhibitor venetoclax (ABT-199) and its effects following short-term and long-term BCL-2 blockade on T cell subsets. Seven day "short-term" ex vivo and in vivo BCL-2 inhibition led to divergent cell death sensitivity patterns in CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and Tregs resulting in shifting of global T cell populations towards a more memory T cell state with increased expression of BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1. However, twenty-eight day "long-term" BCL-2 blockade following T cell-depleted bone marrow transplantation did not lead to changes in the global T cell landscape. Despite the lack of changes in T cell proportions, animals treated with venetoclax developed CD8+ and CD4+ T cells with high levels of BCL-2 and were more resistant to apoptotic stimuli following expansion post-transplant. Further, we demonstrate through RNA profiling that T cells adapt while under BCL-2 blockade post-transplant and develop a more activated genotype. Taken together, these data emphasize the importance of evaluating how BH3 mimetics affect the immune system in different treatment modalities and disease contexts and suggest that venetoclax should be further explored as an immunomodulatory compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M. Ludwig
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Katrina M. Hawley
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - David B. Banks
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Anika T. Thomas-Toth
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Megan E. McNerney
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Joel D. Leverson
- grid.431072.30000 0004 0572 4227AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL USA
| | - James L. LaBelle
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
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4
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Falcon CP, Broglie L, Phelan R, Choi SW, Auletta JJ, Chewning JH. Infection prophylaxis patterns following pediatric autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A survey of Pediatric Transplant and Cell Therapy Consortium centers. Pediatr Transplant 2020; 24:e13821. [PMID: 32844543 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
No standardized guidelines exist for infectious prophylaxis following pediatric auto-HSCT. We hypothesized significant variation in clinical practice. Thirty-three Pediatric Transplant and Cell Therapy Consortium centers completed a survey to assess institutional management. The majority utilize viral (91%) and fungal prophylaxis (94%), but duration varies. Bacterial prophylaxis during neutropenia is instituted by 42%. Our study demonstrates marked practice variability in infectious prophylaxis across centers. Additional research is needed to address patterns of infectious complications and to develop meaningful clinical practice guidelines for pediatric auto-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey P Falcon
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Division of Hematology Oncology, Tulane Department of Pediatrics, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Ochsner Hospital for Children, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Larisa Broglie
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Phelan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sung W Choi
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffery J Auletta
- Hematology/Oncology/BMT and Infectious Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph H Chewning
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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5
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Tormo A, Khodayarian F, Cui Y, Al-Chami E, Kanjarawi R, Noé B, Wang H, Rafei M. Interleukin-21 promotes thymopoiesis recovery following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:120. [PMID: 28615039 PMCID: PMC5471903 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired T cell reconstitution remains a major deterrent in the field of bone marrow (BM) transplantation (BMT) due to pre-conditioning-induced damages inflicted to the thymi of recipient hosts. Given the previously reported thymo-stimulatory property of interleukin (IL)-21, we reasoned that its use post-BMT could have a profound effect on de novo T cell development. METHODS To evaluate the effect of IL-21 on de novo T cell development in vivo, BM derived from RAG2p-GFP mice was transplanted into LP/J mice. Lymphocyte reconstitution was first assessed using a hematological analyzer and a flow cytometer on collected blood samples. Detailed flow cytometry analysis was then performed on the BM, thymus, and spleen of transplanted animals. Finally, the effect of human IL-21 on thymopoiesis was validated in humanized mice. RESULTS Using a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched allogeneic BMT model, we found that IL-21 administration improves immune reconstitution by triggering the proliferation of BM Lin-Sca1+c-kit+ (LSK) subsets. The pharmacological effect of IL-21 also culminates in the recovery of both hematopoietic (thymocytes) and non-hematopoietic (stromal) cells within the thymi of IL-21-treated recipient animals. Although T cells derived from all transplanted groups proliferate, secrete various cytokines, and express granzyme B similarly in response to T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, full regeneration of peripheral naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and normal TCRvβ distribution could only be detected in IL-21-treated recipient mice. Astonishingly, none of the recipient mice who underwent IL-21 treatment developed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in the MHC-matched allogeneic setting while the graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect was strongly retained. Inhibition of GVHD onset could also be attributed to the enhanced generation of regulatory B cells (B10) observed in the IL-21, but not PBS, recipient mice. We also tested the thymopoiesis-stimulating property of human IL-21 in NSG mice transplanted with cord blood (CB) and found significant improvement in de novo human CD3+ T cell development. CONCLUSIONS In sum, our study indicates that IL-21 represents a new class of unforeseen thymopoietin capable of restoring thymic function following BMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Tormo
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Khodayarian
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Yun Cui
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Edouard Al-Chami
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Reem Kanjarawi
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Beatriz Noé
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Huijie Wang
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Moutih Rafei
- The Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada. .,The Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit BLVD, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada. .,The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada.
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6
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Rücker-Braun E, Link CS, Schmiedgen M, Tunger A, Vizjak P, Teipel R, Wehner R, Kühn D, Fuchs YF, Oelschlägel U, Germeroth L, Schmitz M, Bornhäuser M, Schetelig J, Heidenreich F. Longitudinal analyses of leukemia-associated antigen-specific CD8 + T cells in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:1024-1033.e1. [PMID: 27473564 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative treatment approach for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Graft versus leukemia (GVL) effects, which are exerted by donor T cells directed against leukemic-associated antigens (LAAs), are considered to play a crucial role in disease eradication. Although the expansion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific for cytomegalovirus (CMV) in response to an infection has been shown in multiple studies, data on CTLs mediating GVL effects are limited. To evaluate a potential increase or decrease of T lymphocytes specific for LAAs in the setting of allogeneic HSCT, we monitored leukemia-specific CD8+ T cells throughout the first year after HSCT in 18 patients using streptamer technology. A broad panel of promising LAAs was selected: Wilms tumor protein, proteinase 3, receptor for hyaluronan acid-mediated motility, apoptosis regulator Bcl-2, survivin, nucleophosmin, and fibromodulin. T cells specifically directed against AML- or CLL-associated antigens were found at very low frequencies in peripheral blood. Substantial frequencies of LAA-specific T cells could not be measured at any time point by flow cytometry. In contrast, abundant CMV-pp65-specific T cells were detected in CMV-seropositive patient-recipient pairs and an increase prompted by CMV infection could be demonstrated. In conclusion, T lymphocytes with specificities for the aforementioned LAAs can only be detected in minimal quantities in the early phase after allogeneic HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Rücker-Braun
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Cornelia S Link
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Schmiedgen
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Tunger
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Petra Vizjak
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Raphael Teipel
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rebekka Wehner
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Denise Kühn
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yannik F Fuchs
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uta Oelschlägel
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Marc Schmitz
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Schetelig
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; DKMS, German Bone Marrow Donor Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Falk Heidenreich
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Zhao AM, Xu HJ, Kang XM, Zhao AM, Lu LM. New insights into myeloid-derived suppressor cells and their roles in feto-maternal immune cross-talk. J Reprod Immunol 2016; 113:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Sun W, Wang Y, East JE, Kimball AS, Tkaczuk K, Kesmodel S, Strome SE, Webb TJ. Invariant natural killer T cells generated from human adult hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells are poly-functional. Cytokine 2015; 72:48-57. [PMID: 25569376 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells constitute an important subset of T cells that can both directly and indirectly mediate anti-tumor immunity. However, cancer patients have a reduction in both iNKT cell number and function, and these deficits limit the potential clinical application of iNKT cells for cancer therapy. To overcome the problem of limited iNKT cell numbers, we investigated whether iNKT cells can be generated in vitro from bone marrow-derived adult hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSPC). Our data demonstrate that co-culture of HSPC with OP9-DL1 stromal cells, results in a functional CD3(+) T cell population. These T cells can be further differentiated into iNKT cells by secondary culture with CD1d-Ig-based artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPC). Importantly, these in vitro-generated iNKT cells are functional, as demonstrated by their ability to proliferate and secrete IFN-γ and GM-CSF following stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - James E East
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Amy S Kimball
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Katherine Tkaczuk
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Susan Kesmodel
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Scott E Strome
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Tonya J Webb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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Becker-Kojić ZA, Ureña-Peralta JR, Saffrich R, Rodriguez-Jiménez FJ, Rubio MP, Rios P, Romero A, Ho AD, Stojković M. A novel human glycoprotein ACA is an upstream regulator of human hematopoiesis. Bull Exp Biol Med 2014; 155:536-51. [PMID: 24143385 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-013-2195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A central issue in stem cell biology is a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate self-renewal of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Control of the specific function of HSCs like self-renewal and differentiation might be regulated by a common set of critical genes. However, the regulation among these genes is yet to be elucidated. Here, we show that activation by a novel human GPI-linked glycoprotein ACA at the surface of human peripheral blood progenitor cells induces via PI3K/Akt/mTor/PTEN upregulation of WNT, Notch1, Bmi-1 and HoxB4 genes thus, promoting self-renewal and generation of primitive HSCs. ACA-generated self-renewing cells retained their lympho-myeloid repopulating potential in NOD/SCID mouse xeno-transplantation model with long term functional capacity. We conclude that ACA is an essential regulator of the genes involved in maintaining hematopoiesis and its use in clinical praxis could overcome many of the barriers present so far in transplantation medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Becker-Kojić
- Principe Felipe Research Centre, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Orbach A, Bassan-Levin T, Dan P, Hihinashvilli B, Marx S. Utilizing glycogen synthase kinase-3β as a marker for the diagnosis of graft-versus-host disease. Transplant Proc 2014; 45:2051-5. [PMID: 23769106 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a deadly complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Timely diagnosis is critical, because mortality rates for GVHD are high, increasing with disease severity. A diagnostic tool to predict GVHD before the onset of clinical symptoms could save many lives. On the cellular level, GVHD occurs when T cells from the transplant attack the tissues of the host, after perceiving them to be foreign. T-cell proliferation occurs even before clinical symptoms appear. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β is a protein which regulates proliferation in many cell types including T-cells. GSK-3β has never been directly connected with GVHD and we applied GSK-3β as a novel marker for GVHD prediction, seeking herein to determine whether GSK-3β can be utilized as a marker for the early diagnosis of GVHD. METHODS For the mouse model of acute GVHD, irradiated mice underwent allogeneic splenocyte transplantation and GSK-3β expression levels and phosphorylation states were monitored in harvested spleens by western blot. FACS analysis was used to measure the number of T cells within the harvested spleens. RESULTS Mice developed observable GVHD symptoms by day 5 post-transplantation, with severe symptoms on day 6 requiring mice to be killed for humane reasons. A significantly increased number of T cells in the allogeneic mice correlated with GVHD development. GSK-3β protein expression levels and phosphorylation levels were significantly lower in allogeneic (GVHD) mice compared with negative (untreated) and positive (syngeneic transplant; non-GVHD) controls over time. CONCLUSION GSK-3β was directly connected with the onset and progression of GVHD. Therefore, it can be utilized as a marker for GVHD diagnosis in animals and potentially in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Orbach
- Marx Biotechnology, Research and Development, Jerusalem, Israel
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11
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Oshrine BR, Li Y, Teachey DT, Heimall J, Barrett DM, Bunin N. Immunologic recovery in children after alternative donor allogeneic transplantation for hematologic malignancies: comparison of recipients of partially T cell-depleted peripheral blood stem cells and umbilical cord blood. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 19:1581-9. [PMID: 23939199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Impaired immunologic recovery (IR) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is associated with increased risk for infections and relapse. Stem cell source and graft manipulation influence the kinetics of IR. Partial T cell depletion of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) grafts is a novel alternative method of graft manipulation for children. We compared IR in children undergoing HSCT for hematologic malignancies receiving either T cell-depleted (TCD)-PBSCs (n = 55) or umbilical cord blood (UCB) (n = 21) over a 7-year period at a single institution. PBSC grafts underwent ex vivo negative selection for CD3(+) cells using the CliniMACS system with partial T cell add-back. Recovery of CD4(+) T cells was significantly delayed in TCD-PBSC recipients compared with UCB recipients, owing to impaired CD4(+)/CD45RA(+) (naïve) T cell lymphopoiesis. Recovery of total CD3(+) cells and CD3(+)/CD8(+) cells was similar in the 2 groups. The TCD-PBSC recipients had a marked deficit in CD19(+) and, to a lesser extent, IgA/IgM, owing to the need for B cell depletion of these grafts to attenuate the risk of lymphoproliferative disease after TCD HSCT. There were no significant between-group differences in response to mitogen stimulation, time to independence from intravenous immunoglobulin supplementation, or incidence of viral reactivation. Transplantation outcomes of relapse, transplantation-related mortality, event-free survival, and overall survival were similar in the 2 groups. Efforts to enhance IR after partial TCD-PBSC transplantation, such as selective αβ T cell depletion, hold promise for further improvement of this transplantation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Oshrine
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Safinia N, Leech J, Hernandez-Fuentes M, Lechler R, Lombardi G. Promoting transplantation tolerance; adoptive regulatory T cell therapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 172:158-68. [PMID: 23574313 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation is a successful treatment for end-stage organ failure. Despite improvements in short-term outcome, long-term survival remains suboptimal because of the morbidity and mortality associated with long-term use of immunosuppression. There is, therefore, a pressing need to devise protocols that induce tolerance in order to minimize or completely withdraw immunosuppression in transplant recipients. In this review we will discuss how regulatory T cells (T(regs)) came to be recognized as an attractive way to promote transplantation tolerance. We will summarize the preclinical data, supporting the importance of these cells in the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance and that provide the rationale for the isolation and expansion of these cells for cellular therapy. We will also describe the data from the first clinical trials, using T(regs) to inhibit graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and will address both the challenges and opportunities in human T(reg) cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Safinia
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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13
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Weber G, Gerdemann U, Caruana I, Savoldo B, Hensel NF, Rabin KR, Shpall EJ, Melenhorst JJ, Leen AM, Barrett AJ, Bollard CM. Generation of multi-leukemia antigen-specific T cells to enhance the graft-versus-leukemia effect after allogeneic stem cell transplant. Leukemia 2013; 27:1538-47. [PMID: 23528871 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy with ex vivo expanded T cells is a promising approach to prevent or treat leukemia. Myeloid leukemias express tumor-associated antigens (TAA) that induce antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in healthy individuals. We explored the feasibility of generating TAA-specific CTLs from stem cell donors of patients with myeloid leukemia to enhance the graft-versus-leukemia effect after stem cell transplantation. CTL lines were manufactured from peripheral blood of 10 healthy donors by stimulation with 15mer peptide libraries of five TAA (proteinase 3 (Pr3), preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma, Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1), human neutrophil elastase (NE) and melanoma-associated antigen A3) known to be expressed in myeloid leukemias. All CTL lines responded to the mix of five TAA and were multi-specific as assessed by interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot. Although donors showed individual patterns of antigen recognition, all responded comparably to the TAAmix. Immunogenic peptides of WT1, Pr3 or NE could be identified by epitope mapping in all donor CTL lines. In vitro experiments showed recognition of partially human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched myeloid leukemia blasts. These findings support the development of a single clinical grade multi-tumor antigen-specific T-cell product from the stem cell source, capable of broad reactivity against myeloid malignancies for use in donor-recipient pairs without limitation to a certain HLA-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Weber
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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14
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Ardon H, Van Gool SW, Verschuere T, Maes W, Fieuws S, Sciot R, Wilms G, Demaerel P, Goffin J, Van Calenbergh F, Menten J, Clement P, Debiec-Rychter M, De Vleeschouwer S. Integration of autologous dendritic cell-based immunotherapy in the standard of care treatment for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: results of the HGG-2006 phase I/II trial. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:2033-44. [PMID: 22527250 PMCID: PMC11028710 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dendritic cell (DC)-based tumor vaccination has rendered promising results in relapsed high-grade glioma patients. In the HGG-2006 trial (EudraCT 2006-002881-20), feasibility, toxicity, and clinical efficacy of the full integration of DC-based tumor vaccination into standard postoperative radiochemotherapy are studied in 77 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Autologous DC are generated after leukapheresis, which is performed before the start of radiochemotherapy. Four weekly induction vaccines are administered after the 6-week course of concomitant radiochemotherapy. During maintenance chemotherapy, 4 boost vaccines are given. Feasibility and progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months (6mo-PFS) are the primary end points. Overall survival (OS) and immune profiling, rather than monitoring, as assessed in patients' blood samples, are the secondary end points. Analysis has been done on intent-to-treat basis. RESULTS The treatment was feasible without major toxicity. The 6mo-PFS was 70.1 % from inclusion. Median OS was 18.3 months. Outcome improved significantly with lower EORTC RPA classification. Median OS was 39.7, 18.3, and 10.7 months for RPA classes III, IV, and V, respectively. Patients with a methylated MGMT promoter had significantly better PFS (p = 0.0027) and OS (p = 0.0082) as compared to patients with an unmethylated status. Exploratory "immunological profiles" were built to compare to clinical outcome, but no statistical significant evidence was found for these profiles to predict clinical outcome. CONCLUSION Full integration of autologous DC-based tumor vaccination into standard postoperative radiochemotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma seems safe and possibly beneficial. These results were used to power the currently running phase IIb randomized clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilko Ardon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefaan W. Van Gool
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Child and Women, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tina Verschuere
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Maes
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steffen Fieuws
- Department of Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raf Sciot
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guido Wilms
- Department of Imaging, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Demaerel
- Department of Imaging, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Goffin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Johan Menten
- Department of Radiotherapy, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Clement
- Department of Oncology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Steven De Vleeschouwer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Lai L, Zhang M, Goldschneider I. Recombinant IL-7/HGFβ efficiently induces transplantable murine hematopoietic stem cells. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:3552-62. [PMID: 22996694 DOI: 10.1172/jci46055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Difficulty obtaining sufficient hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) directly from the donor has limited the clinical use of HSC transplantation. Numerous attempts to stimulate the ex vivo growth of purified HSCs with cytokines and growth factors generally have induced only modest increases in HSC numbers while decreasing their in vivo reconstituting ability. We previously developed a recombinant single-chain form of a naturally occurring murine hybrid cytokine of IL-7 and the β chain of hepatocyte growth factor (rIL-7/HGFβ) that stimulates the in vitro proliferation and/or differentiation of common lymphoid progenitors, pre-pro-B cells, and hematopoietic progenitor cells (day 12 spleen colony-forming units) in cultures of mouse BM. Here we used the rIL-7/HGFβ in culture to induce large numbers of HSCs from multiple cell sources, including unseparated BM cells, purified HSCs, CD45- BM cells, and embryonic stem cells. In each instance, most of the HSCs were in the G0 phase of the cell cycle and exhibited reduced oxidative stress, decreased apoptosis, and increased CXCR4 expression. Furthermore, when injected i.v., these HSCs migrated to BM, self-replicated, provided radioprotection, and established long-term hematopoietic reconstitution. These properties were amplified by injection of rIL-7/HGFβ directly into the BM cavity but not by treatment with rIL-7, rHGF, and/or rHGFβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laijun Lai
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, Stem Cell Institute, School of Medicine, Health Center, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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16
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Yuan C, Song G, Jiang G. The characterization and role of leukemia cell-derived dendritic cells in immunotherapy for leukemic diseases. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2012; 1:53-65. [PMID: 25343074 PMCID: PMC4204560 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2012.v1.2.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Usually, an effective anti-leukemia immune response cannot be initiated effectively in patients with leukemia. This is probably related to immunosuppression due to chemotherapy, down-regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II molecules, and the lack of co-stimulatory molecules on dendritic cells (DC). In light of this problem, some methods had been used to induce leukemia cells to differentiate into mature DCs, causing them to present leukemia-associated antigens and activating naïve T cells. Furthermore, leukemia-derived DCs could be modified with tumor antigens or tumor-associated antigens to provide a new approach to anti-leukemia therapy. Numerous studies have indicated factors related to the induction and functioning of leukemia-derived DCs and the activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). These include the amount of purified DCs, cytokine profiles appropriate for inducing leukemia-derived DCs, effective methods of activating CTLs, reasonable approaches to DC vaccines, and the standardization of their clinical use. Determining these factors could lead to more effective leukemia treatment and benefit both mankind and scientific development. What follows in a review of advances in and practices of inducing leukemia-derived DCs and the feasibility of their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjin Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Department of Hemato-Oncology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Guanhua Song
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Department of Hemato-Oncology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Guosheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Immunology, Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Department of Hemato-Oncology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Address correspondence to: Prof. Guosheng Jiang, Department of Hemato-oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jingshi Road 18877, Ji'nan 250062, Shandong, China. E-mail:
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Krishnadas DK, Stamer MM, Dunham K, Bao L, Lucas KG. Wilms' tumor 1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes can be expanded from adult donors and cord blood. Leuk Res 2011; 35:1520-6. [PMID: 21774984 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of WT1-specific CTL is one potential strategy to treat leukemic relapse following allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT). Previous studies have largely focused on generating WT1-CTL from adult donors by cloning. We demonstrate that WT1-CTL can be generated from healthy adult donors and from cord blood by stimulating with an overlapping pool of peptides derived from full length WT1 and selecting antigen-specific cells based on the expression of CD137. The rapid expansion with anti-CD3 and IL-2 resulted in a 100-200-fold expansion. These CTL lysed WT1 expressing targets, including leukemia lines, in a HLA restricted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa K Krishnadas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Although most hematopoietic lineages develop in the bone marrow (BM), T cells uniquely complete their development in the specialized environment of the thymus. Hematopoietic stem cells with long-term self-renewal capacity are not present in the thymus. As a result, continuous T cell development requires that BM-derived progenitors be imported into the thymus throughout adult life. The process of thymic homing begins with the mobilization of progenitors out of the BM, continues with their circulation in the bloodstream, and concludes with their settling in the thymus. This review will discuss each of these steps as they occur in the unirradiated and postirradiation scenarios, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of regulation. Improved knowledge about these early steps in T cell generation may accelerate the development of new therapeutic options in patients with impaired T cell number or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Zlotoff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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19
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Adoptive regulatory T cell therapy: challenges in clinical transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2010; 15:427-34. [DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e32833bfadc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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20
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Brusko TM, Koya RC, Zhu S, Lee MR, Putnam AL, McClymont SA, Nishimura MI, Han S, Chang LJ, Atkinson MA, Ribas A, Bluestone JA. Human antigen-specific regulatory T cells generated by T cell receptor gene transfer. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11726. [PMID: 20668510 PMCID: PMC2908680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Therapies directed at augmenting regulatory T cell (Treg) activities in vivo as a systemic treatment for autoimmune disorders and transplantation may be associated with significant off-target effects, including a generalized immunosuppression that may compromise beneficial immune responses to infections and cancer cells. Adoptive cellular therapies using purified expanded Tregs represents an attractive alternative to systemic treatments, with results from animal studies noting increased therapeutic potency of antigen-specific Tregs over polyclonal populations. However, current methodologies are limited in terms of the capacity to isolate and expand a sufficient quantity of endogenous antigen-specific Tregs for therapeutic intervention. Moreover, FOXP3+ Tregs fall largely within the CD4+ T cell subset and are thus routinely MHC class II-specific, whereas class I-specific Tregs may function optimally in vivo by facilitating direct tissue recognition. Methodology/Principal Findings To overcome these limitations, we have developed a novel means for generating large numbers of antigen-specific Tregs involving lentiviral T cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer into in vitro expanded polyclonal natural Treg populations. Tregs redirected with a high-avidity class I-specific TCR were capable of recognizing the melanoma antigen tyrosinase in the context of HLA-A*0201 and could be further enriched during the expansion process by antigen-specific reactivation with peptide loaded artificial antigen presenting cells. These in vitro expanded Tregs continued to express FOXP3 and functional TCRs, and maintained the capacity to suppress conventional T cell responses directed against tyrosinase, as well as bystander T cell responses. Using this methodology in a model tumor system, murine Tregs designed to express the tyrosinase TCR effectively blocked antigen-specific effector T cell (Teff) activity as determined by tumor cell growth and luciferase reporter-based imaging. Conclusions/Significance These results support the feasibility of class I-restricted TCR transfer as a promising strategy to redirect the functional properties of Tregs and provide for a more efficacious adoptive cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M. Brusko
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Richard C. Koya
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shirley Zhu
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Lee
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Amy L. Putnam
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Stephanie A. McClymont
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michael I. Nishimura
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Shuhong Han
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lung-Ji Chang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Atkinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Bluestone
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Integration of autologous dendritic cell-based immunotherapy in the primary treatment for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme: a pilot study. J Neurooncol 2010. [PMID: 20146084 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-010-0131.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite resection, radiochemotherapy, and maintenance temozolomide chemotherapy (TMZm), the prognosis of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains poor. We integrated immunotherapy in the primary standard treatment for eight pilot adult patients (median age 50 years) with GBM, to assess clinical and immunological feasibility and toxicity in preparation of a phase I/II protocol HGG-2006. After maximum, safe resection, leukapheresis was performed before radiochemotherapy, and four weekly vaccinations with autologous GBM lysate-loaded monocyte-derived dendritic cells were given after radiochemotherapy. Boost vaccines with lysates were given during TMZm. During the course of vaccination, immunophenotyping showed a relative increase in CD8+CD25+ cells in six of the seven patients, complying with the prerequisites for implementation of immunotherapy in addition to postoperative radiochemotherapy. In five patients, a more than twofold increase in tumor antigen-reacting IFN-gamma-producing T cells on Elispot was seen at the fourth vaccination compared with before vaccination. In three of these five patients this more than twofold increase persisted after three cycles of TMZm. Quality of life during vaccination remained excellent. Progression-free survival at six months was 75%. Median overall survival for all patients was 24 months (range: 13-44 months). The only serious adverse event was an ischemic stroke eight months postoperatively. We conclude that tumor vaccination, fully integrated within the standard primary postoperative treatment for patients with newly diagnosed GBM, is feasible and well tolerated. The survival data were used to power a currently running phase I/II trial.
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22
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Ardon H, Van Gool S, Lopes IS, Maes W, Sciot R, Wilms G, Demaerel P, Bijttebier P, Claes L, Goffin J, Van Calenbergh F, De Vleeschouwer S. Integration of autologous dendritic cell-based immunotherapy in the primary treatment for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme: a pilot study. J Neurooncol 2010; 99:261-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-010-0131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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23
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Atta EH, de Azevedo AM, Maiolino A, Coelho CJBP, Sarcinelli SMP, de Alvarenga Máximo C, Marra VLN. High CD8+ lymphocyte dose in the autograft predicts early absolute lymphocyte count recovery after peripheral hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Am J Hematol 2009; 84:21-8. [PMID: 19006229 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.21314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Early lymphocyte recovery (ELR) after autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is an independent predictor for survival in patients with hematological and non-hematological cancers. Sixty-five ASCT for hematological cancers were retrospectively analyzed to identify the factors associated with ELR and to assess the impact of different mobilization regimens on the pre-collection absolute lymphocyte count (ALC). The CD8+ lymphocyte dose in the autograft and the pre-mobilization ALC were independently associated with ELR (P < 0.001 and P = 0.008, respectively). CD8+ lymphocyte doses higher than 0.1 x 10(9)/kg were strongly associated with ELR [P < 0.001, odds ratio 25.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.98-127.69] and this cutoff may be used to predict ELR (P = 0.001, area under the curve 0.75, 95% CI 0.62-0.88). Mobilization with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) alone, the pre-collection ALC and the number of apheresis sessions were independently associated with the CD8+ lymphocyte dose (P = 0.04, P = 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). The number of aphereses was the variable with the strongest correlation to the CD8+ lymphocyte dose (r(s) = 0.68, P < 0.001). Median pre-mobilization ALC was higher than pre-collection ALC in the subgroup of patients without ELR mobilized with chemotherapy followed by G-CSF (1090 vs. 758 lymphocytes/microL; P < 0.001). This reduction was not significant in the subgroup with ELR mobilized with chemotherapy plus G-CSF (1920 vs. 1539/microL, respectively; P = 0.23). These results suggest that the CD8+ lymphocyte dose in the autograft is critical for ELR after ASCT and also demonstrates that mobilization with chemotherapy followed by G-CSF significantly decreases the pre-collection ALC, especially in patients with low pre-mobilization ALC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Hallack Atta
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Hemorio, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Friedman TM, Filicko-O'Hara J, Mookerjee B, Wagner JL, Grosso DA, Flomenberg N, Korngold R. T cell repertoire complexity is conserved after LLME treatment of donor lymphocyte infusions. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2008; 13:1439-47. [PMID: 18022573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Slow reconstitution of the T cell repertoire after allogeneic blood or bone marrow stem cell transplantation is a major risk factor for patient mortality. The delivery of immunocompetent T cells as delayed donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) is a potential way of counteracting this problem. The development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a potential complication of this procedure, however. We previously found that in P-->F1 haploidentical murine models, the ex-vivo treatment of donor lymphocytes with L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester (LLME) can prevent the onset of GVHD after DLI, likely by inducing cell death in most of the perforin-positive CD8(+) T cells and in a fraction of CD4(+) T cells. Our previous preclinical studies have formed the basis of an ongoing phase I clinical trial in which patients received LLME-treated DLI from their original donor in an attempt to accelerate T cell reconstitution. To understand how this treatment strategy might affect the complexity of the DLI T cell repertoire, we used T cell receptor Vbeta spectratype analysis to evaluate the DLI product pre-LLME and post-LLME treatment. The results indicated that the LLME-treated DLI product exhibited CDR3-size distribution complexities similar to those of its untreated donor sample. In addition, comparisons of the CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell repertoire from the donor before LLME treatment with that of the recipient post-DLI demonstrated equal complexity for most of the resolvable Vbeta families. Finally, the in vitro proliferative capacity of LLME-treated DLI product in response to allo-stimulation in a one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction was comparable to that of the untreated product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea M Friedman
- The Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
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25
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Paine A, Oelke M, Blasczyk R, Eiz-Vesper B. Expansion of human cytomegalovirus-specific T lymphocytes from unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells with artificial antigen-presenting cells. Transfusion 2008; 47:2143-52. [PMID: 17958544 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01439.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to find a simple and feasible method for ex vivo expansion of human cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific cytotoxic T cells from unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Unfractionated PBMNCs from three HLA-A*0201-CMV-seropositive donors were stimulated with CMVpp65(495-503) peptide-loaded HLA-A*0201-immunoglobulin fusion protein (HLA-A2-Ig) based artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) on Day 1. Once a week the CMV-specific T cells were harvested and restimulated with fresh aAPCs. T-cell cultures were maintained for 28 days and then analyzed. RESULTS With aAPCs and starting with 1x10(7) freshly isolated PBMNCs that were less than 0.1 percent CMV-specific, more than 1x10(7) T cells with a CMV-specific frequency greater than 93 percent in all donors tested were generated. Expanded CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes were functionally active and showed antigen-specific secretion of interferon-gamma and cytotoxic activity. No alloreactivity against unpulsed HLA-A*0201-positive cells was detected. CONCLUSION Herein is reported the successful in vitro expansion of CMV-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells from unfractionated PBMNCs of healthy CMV-seropositive blood donors by the use of HLA-A2-Ig-based aAPCs. This study demonstrates that more than 1x10(7) CMV-specific T cells can be generated from approximately 1x10(7) unfractionated PBMNCs within 1 month under highly reproducible conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta Paine
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Autologous white blood cell transfusion: Toward a younger immunity. Hum Immunol 2007; 68:805-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Revised: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Stoklasek TA, Schluns KS, Lefrançois L. Combined IL-15/IL-15Ralpha immunotherapy maximizes IL-15 activity in vivo. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2006; 177:6072-80. [PMID: 17056533 PMCID: PMC2847275 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.9.6072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-15 has substantial potential as an immunotherapeutic agent for augmenting immune responses. However, the activity of IL-15 is mediated by a unique mechanism in which the cytokine is transpresented by cell-bound high-affinity IL-15Ralpha to target cells expressing the IL-15Rbeta and the common gamma-chain. Thus, the efficacy of administered IL-15 alone may be limited by the availability of free IL-15Ralpha. We now show that administration of soluble IL-15/IL-15Ralpha complexes greatly enhanced IL-15 half-life and bioavailability in vivo. Treatment of mice with this complex, but not with IL-15 alone, resulted in robust proliferation of memory CD8 T cells, NK cells, and NK T cells. The activity of the complex required IL-15Rbeta, but not IL-15Ralpha, expression by the responding cells and was IL-7-independent. Interestingly, IL-15/IL-15Ralpha immunotherapy also caused naive CD8 T cell activation and development into effector cells and long-term memory T cells. Lastly, complexed IL-15, as compared with IL-15 alone, dramatically reduced tumor burden in a model of B16 melanoma. These findings hold significant importance for the use of IL-15 as a potential adjuvant/therapeutic and inducer of homeostatic proliferation, without the necessity for prior immunodepletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Stoklasek
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | | | - Leo Lefrançois
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
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Clinical outcomes after autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2006. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200611020-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Neeson P, Paterson Y. Effects of the tumor microenvironment on the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Immunol Invest 2006; 35:359-94. [PMID: 16916758 DOI: 10.1080/08820130600755009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy utilizes vaccines targeting tumor antigens or tumor endothelium to prevent or regress tumors. Many cancer vaccines are designed to induce antigen-specific effector T cells that migrate to the tumor site. In an optimal situation, the effector T cells penetrate the tumor, release their effector molecules, induce tumor cell death and tumor regression. However, the tumor microenvironment is frequently immunosuppressive and contributes to a state of immune ignorance, impacting on the vaccine's ability to break tolerance to tumor antigen/s. This review discusses the factors in the tumor microenvironment that can affect the efficacy of cancer vaccines. In particular, the review focuses on pathways leading to effector T cell penetration of tumors or the inhibition of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Neeson
- Microbiology Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6076, USA
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Eiz-Vesper B, Horn PA, Daubert C, Khattab B, Blasczyk R. Tetanus toxoid provides efficient T-cell help for the induction of HA-1(H) cytotoxic T cells. Transfusion 2006; 46:1210-20. [PMID: 16836569 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro generation and expansion of leukemia-reactive T cells may improve the efficacy and specificity of cellular immunotherapy against hematologic malignancies in the context of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Since the expression of minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1(H) is limited to hematopoietic cells, ex vivo generated HA-1(H)-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can be used for adoptive immunotherapy. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Numerous studies have shown that primary CTL induction from naïve precursors requires professional antigen-presenting cells. Here, the feasibility of ex vivo induction of HA-1(H)-specific CD8+ CTLs is demonstrated from unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) from healthy blood donors when CD4+ T-cell help is provided during primary stimulation. As a stimulus for the induction of T-cell help, tetanus toxoid (TT) was used. RESULTS After the second restimulation cycle, approximately 1 percent of CD8+ T cells stained positively with the HLA-A*0201/HA-1(H) pentamer. Positive T cells were further expanded more than 1000-fold by antigen-independent stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 monoclonal antibodies. HA-1(H)-induced T cells showed the classical phenotype for CD8+ memory effector cells: the phenotype changed from a mixed CD45RA/RO phenotype to an activated phenotype characterized by high expression of CD45RO and no expression of CCR7. The generated T cells revealed a very potent CTL response, even at low E:T ratios. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that TT provides a very potent and cost-effective tool for the in vitro induction of antigen-specific CTLs from precursor PBMNCs that can easily be adapted to GMP conditions for translational purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Houtenbos I, Westers TM, Ossenkoppele GJ, van de Loosdrecht AA. Feasibility of clinical dendritic cell vaccination in acute myeloid leukemia. Immunobiology 2006; 211:677-85. [PMID: 16920506 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2006.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are increasingly being utilized for anti-cancer therapy. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts are able to differentiate towards leukemia-derived DC enabling efficient presentation of known and unknown leukemic antigens. Advances in culture techniques and AML-DC characterization justify clinical application. However, clinical trials using AML-DC are hampered by patient inclusion criteria which allow selective entering of patients in second complete remission. Clinical relevant responses to DC-based immunotherapy are likely to only occur in non-end-stage patients. Application in early stage disease is mandatory to permit ultimate proof of clinical benefit of AML-DC vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Houtenbos
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
A central goal immunologists has been to develop targeted therapies that will induce or maintain immunologic tolerance in the absence of potentially harmful immunosuppression. The ability to isolate and expand regulatory T-cell populations with immune suppressive activity will enable new forms of adoptive immunotherapy that may achieve this long held dream. Assuming that certain technical challenges regarding the manufacturing of regulatory T cells can be overcome, a wide variety of clinical applications can be envisioned using adoptively transferred CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. It is likely that suppressor T cells will first be tested for their ability to prevent or treat graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following allogeneic bone marrow or stem cell transplantation. A related approach will be clinical studies to induce allogeneic or xenogeneic tolerance using regulatory T cells in solid organ transplantation. A more technically challenging approach will be the use of regulatory T-cell therapy for autoimmune disorders. Finally on the horizon are approaches that will use genetically engineered lymphocytes to replace regulatory T cells in the immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome, and potentially to create more potent regulatory T (Treg) cells with enhanced suppressive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl H June
- The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Kollgaard T, Petersen SL, Hadrup SR, Masmas TN, Seremet T, Andersen MH, Madsen HO, Vindeløv L, thor Straten P. Evidence for involvement of clonally expanded CD8+ T cells in anticancer immune responses in CLL patients following nonmyeloablative conditioning and hematopoietic cell transplantation. Leukemia 2006; 19:2273-80. [PMID: 16304575 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have analyzed the clonotype composition of CD8+ T cells following nonmyeloablative (NMA) conditioning and hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Consecutive analyses of blood samples taken up to 2 years following HCT, demonstrated that CD8+ T-cell clonality was highly dynamic in the early phases after HCT, but became more stable after 4-5 months. Moreover, donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) given for disease progression in one of the patients led to establishment of recurrent as well as new T-cell clonotypes. This coincided with disease remission, strongly suggesting that these T cells were engaged with anti-CLL cytotoxicity. To examine the functional capacity of stable clonally expanded T cells after HCT, CD8+ T cells isolated post-transplant from the recipients were stimulated ex vivo with CLL cells and subsequently analyzed by FACS for surface expression of the marker for cytotoxic activity, CD107a. Stimulation with CLL cells indeed led to surface expression of CD107a, and clonotype analyses of sorted cells demonstrated that CD107a positive T cells were stably expanded following HCT. Our data suggest that clonally expanded CD8+ T-cell clones participate in the ongoing T-cell response against CLL cells following HCT with NMA conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kollgaard
- Tumor Immunology Group, Institute of Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Serrano LM, Pfeiffer T, Olivares S, Numbenjapon T, Bennitt J, Kim D, Smith D, McNamara G, Al-Kadhimi Z, Rosenthal J, Forman SJ, Jensen MC, Cooper LJN. Differentiation of naive cord-blood T cells into CD19-specific cytolytic effectors for posttransplantation adoptive immunotherapy. Blood 2005; 107:2643-52. [PMID: 16352804 PMCID: PMC1895371 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-09-3904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease relapse is a barrier to achieving therapeutic success after unrelated umbilical cord-blood transplantation (UCBT) for B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). While adoptive transfer of donor-derived tumor-specific T cells is a conceptually attractive approach to eliminating residual disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, adoptive immunotherapy after UCBT is constrained by the difficulty of generating antigen-specific T cells from functionally naive umbilical cord-blood (UCB)-derived T cells. Therefore, to generate T cells that recognize B-ALL, we have developed a chimeric immunoreceptor to redirect the specificity of T cells for CD19, a B-lineage antigen, and expressed this transgene in UCB-derived T cells. An ex vivo process, which is compliant with current good manufacturing practice for T-cell trials, has been developed to genetically modify and numerically expand UCB-derived T cells into CD19-specific effector cells. These are capable of CD19-restricted cytokine production and cytolysis in vitro, as well as mediating regression of CD19+ tumor and being selectively eliminated in vivo. Moreover, time-lapse microscopy of the genetically modified T-cell clones revealed an ability to lyse CD19+ tumor cells specifically and repetitively. These data provide the rationale for infusing UCB-derived CD19-specific T cells after UCBT to reduce the incidence of CD19+ B-ALL relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marie Serrano
- University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Pediatrics Research Unit 853, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Patke DS, Ahmadzadeh M, Bingaman AW, Farber DL. Anti-CD3 priming generates heterogeneous antigen-specific memory CD4 T cells. Clin Immunol 2005; 117:125-32. [PMID: 16143567 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2005.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2005] [Accepted: 07/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Anti-CD3 activation of peripheral T cells is used in adoptive immunotherapy for cancer and HIV infection, but the long-term fate of anti-CD3-primed T cells in vivo is not known. In this study, we demonstrate that anti-CD3-mediated activation of influenza hemagglutinin (HA)-specific TCR-transgenic CD4 T cells results in generation of a long-lived HA-specific memory CD4 T cell population when transferred into lymphocyte-deficient and intact mouse hosts. This anti-CD3-primed memory population is indistinguishable from HA peptide-primed memory CD4 T cells in terms of phenotype, rapid recall function, and enhanced proliferative capacity. Moreover, anti-CD3 priming generates phenotypically heterogeneous memory subsets in lymphoid and non-lymphoid sites. Our results suggest that anti-CD3 has potential efficacy in generating memory responses in adoptive immunotherapies and vaccines and that the tissue distribution and maintenance of heterogeneous lymphoid and non-lymphoid memory T cell subsets are a stochastic process that can occur independent of antigen or TCR specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa S Patke
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, MSTF Building, Room 400, 685 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Schattenberg AVMB, Dolstra H. Cellular adoptive immunotherapy after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Curr Opin Oncol 2005; 17:617-21. [PMID: 16224243 DOI: 10.1097/01.cco.0000181405.60213.1c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review presents the role of donor lymphocyte infusion, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells in cellular immunotherapy after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS It becomes increasingly possible to infuse more specialized subsets of lymphocyte cells after transplantation. The infusion of natural killer cells, especially in non human leukocyte antigen-identical transplantation, may become an important tool in enhancing the graft-versus-tumor effect. Vaccination of patients after stem cell transplantation with autologous-derived dendritic cells merits further investigation. SUMMARY Stem cell transplantation has evolved to a specialized form of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton V M B Schattenberg
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
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