1
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Hui San S, Ching Ngai S. E-cadherin re-expression: Its potential in combating TRAIL resistance and reversing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Gene 2024; 909:148293. [PMID: 38373660 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The major limitation of conventional chemotherapy drugs is their lack of specificity for cancer cells. As a selective apoptosis-inducing agent, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has emerged as an attractive alternative. However, most of the cancer cells are found to be either intrinsically resistant to the TRAIL protein or may develop resistance after multiple treatments, and TRAIL resistance can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) at a later stage, promoting cancer invasion and migration. Interestingly, E-cadherin loss has been linked to TRAIL resistance and initiation of EMT, making E-cadherin re-expression a potential target to overcome these obstacles. Recent research suggests that re-expressing E-cadherin may reduce TRAIL resistance by enhancing TRAIL-induced apoptosis and preventing EMT by modulating EMT signalling factors. This reversal of EMT, can also aid in improving TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Therefore, this review provides remarkable insights into the mechanisms underlying E-cadherin re-expression, clinical implications, and potentiation, as well as the research gaps of E-cadherin re-expression in the current cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ser Hui San
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Ching Ngai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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2
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Valdez Capuccino L, Kleitke T, Szokol B, Svajda L, Martin F, Bonechi F, Krekó M, Azami S, Montinaro A, Wang Y, Nikolov V, Kaiser L, Bonasera D, Saggau J, Scholz T, Schmitt A, Beleggia F, Reinhardt HC, George J, Liccardi G, Walczak H, Tóvári J, Brägelmann J, Montero J, Sos ML, Őrfi L, Peltzer N. CDK9 inhibition as an effective therapy for small cell lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:345. [PMID: 38769311 PMCID: PMC11106072 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Treatment-naïve small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is typically susceptible to standard-of-care chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin and etoposide recently combined with PD-L1 inhibitors. Yet, in most cases, SCLC patients develop resistance to first-line therapy and alternative therapies are urgently required to overcome this resistance. In this study, we tested the efficacy of dinaciclib, an FDA-orphan drug and inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 9, among other CDKs, in SCLC. Furthermore, we report on a newly developed, highly specific CDK9 inhibitor, VC-1, with tumour-killing activity in SCLC. CDK9 inhibition displayed high killing potential in a panel of mouse and human SCLC cell lines. Mechanistically, CDK9 inhibition led to a reduction in MCL-1 and cFLIP anti-apoptotic proteins and killed cells, almost exclusively, by intrinsic apoptosis. While CDK9 inhibition did not synergise with chemotherapy, it displayed high efficacy in chemotherapy-resistant cells. In vivo, CDK9 inhibition effectively reduced tumour growth and improved survival in both autochthonous and syngeneic SCLC models. Together, this study shows that CDK9 inhibition is a promising therapeutic agent against SCLC and could be applied to chemo-refractory or resistant SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Valdez Capuccino
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - T Kleitke
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - B Szokol
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., Veszprém, Hungary
| | - L Svajda
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - F Martin
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Bonechi
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Krekó
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., Veszprém, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Azami
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Montinaro
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Y Wang
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - V Nikolov
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cell death, inflammation and immunity laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry I, Centre for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - L Kaiser
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
| | - D Bonasera
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cell death, inflammation and immunity laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry I, Centre for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Genome instability, inflammation and cell death laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry I, Centre for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Saggau
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cell death, inflammation and immunity laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry I, Centre for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Genome instability, inflammation and cell death laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry I, Centre for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - T Scholz
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Schmitt
- University Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Department I for Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - F Beleggia
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
- University Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Department I for Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - H C Reinhardt
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK partner site Essen), Essen, Germany
| | - J George
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - G Liccardi
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Genome instability, inflammation and cell death laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry I, Centre for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - H Walczak
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Cell death, inflammation and immunity laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry I, Centre for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Tóvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Brägelmann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Montero
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M L Sos
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
- Division for Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), The German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), München Partner Site, Ludwig-Maximilian University München, Munich, Germany
| | - L Őrfi
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., Veszprém, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - N Peltzer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany.
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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3
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Liu S, Joshi K, Zhang L, Li W, Mack R, Runde A, Hagen PA, Barton K, Breslin P, Ji HL, Kini AR, Wang Z, Zhang J. Caspase 8 deletion causes infection/inflammation-induced bone marrow failure and MDS-like disease in mice. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:278. [PMID: 38637559 PMCID: PMC11026525 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of pre-leukemic hematopoietic disorders characterized by cytopenia in peripheral blood due to ineffective hematopoiesis and normo- or hypercellularity and morphologic dysplasia in bone marrow (BM). An inflammatory BM microenvironment and programmed cell death of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are thought to be the major causes of ineffective hematopoiesis in MDS. Pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis (collectively, PANoptosis) are observed in BM tissues of MDS patients, suggesting an important role of PANoptosis in MDS pathogenesis. Caspase 8 (Casp8) is a master regulator of PANoptosis, which is downregulated in HSPCs from most MDS patients and abnormally spliced in HSPCs from MDS patients with SRSF2 mutation. To study the role of PANoptosis in hematopoiesis, we generated inducible Casp8 knockout mice (Casp8-/-). Mx1-Cre-Casp8-/- mice died of BM failure within 10 days of polyI:C injections due to depletion of HSPCs. Rosa-ERT2Cre-Casp8-/- mice are healthy without significant changes in BM hematopoiesis within the first 1.5 months after Casp8 deletion. Such mice developed BM failure upon infection or low dose polyI:C/LPS injections due to the hypersensitivity of Casp8-/- HSPCs to infection or inflammation-induced necroptosis which can be prevented by Ripk3 deletion. However, impaired self-renewal capacity of Casp8-/- HSPCs cannot be rescued by Ripk3 deletion due to activation of Ripk1-Tbk1 signaling. Most importantly, mice transplanted with Casp8-/- BM cells developed MDS-like disease within 4 months of transplantation as demonstrated by anemia, thrombocytopenia and myelodysplasia. Our study suggests an essential role for a balance in Casp8, Ripk3-Mlkl and Ripk1-Tbk1 activities in the regulation of survival and self-renewal of HSPCs, the disruption of which induces inflammation and BM failure, resulting in MDS-like disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhui Liu
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Kanak Joshi
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Ryan Mack
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Austin Runde
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Patrick A Hagen
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Kevin Barton
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Peter Breslin
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Departments of Biology and Molecular/Cellular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Hong-Long Ji
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Ameet R Kini
- Departments of Pathology and Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China.
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
- Departments of Pathology and Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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4
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Ramazi S, Daddzadi M, Sahafnejad Z, Allahverdi A. Epigenetic regulation in lung cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e401. [PMID: 37901797 PMCID: PMC10600507 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is indeed a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The development of tumors involves a complex interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation (DNAm), histone modifications, and microRNA expression, play a crucial role in this process. Changes in DNAm patterns can lead to the silencing of important genes involved in cellular functions, contributing to the development and progression of lung cancer. MicroRNAs and exosomes have also emerged as reliable biomarkers for lung cancer. They can provide valuable information about early diagnosis and treatment assessment. In particular, abnormal hypermethylation of gene promoters and its effects on tumorigenesis, as well as its roles in the Wnt signaling pathway, have been extensively studied. Epigenetic drugs have shown promise in the treatment of lung cancer. These drugs target the aberrant epigenetic modifications that are involved in the development and progression of the disease. Several factors have been identified as drug targets in non-small cell lung cancer. Recently, combination therapy has been discussed as a successful strategy for overcoming drug resistance. Overall, understanding the role of epigenetic mechanisms and their targeting through drugs is an important area of research in lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Ramazi
- Department of BiophysicsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Meadeh Daddzadi
- Department of BiotechnologyFaculty of Advanced Science and TechnologyTehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Zahra Sahafnejad
- Department of BiophysicsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Abdollah Allahverdi
- Department of BiophysicsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
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5
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Byun HS, Ju E, Park KA, Sohn KC, Jung CS, Hong JH, Ro H, Lee HY, Quan KT, Park I, Na M, Hur GM. Rubiarbonol B induces RIPK1-dependent necroptosis via NOX1-derived ROS production. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1677-1696. [PMID: 36163569 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The activation of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) by death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) formation is essential for triggering the necroptotic mode of cell death under apoptosis-deficient conditions. Thus, targeting the induction of necroptosis by modulating RIPK1 activity could be an effective strategy to bypass apoptosis resistance in certain types of cancer. In this study, we screened a series of arborinane triterpenoids purified from Rubia philippinesis and identified rubiarbonol B (Ru-B) as a potent caspase-8 activator that induces DISC-mediated apoptosis in multiple types of cancer cells. However, in RIPK3-expressing human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, the pharmacological or genetic inhibition of caspase-8 shifted the mode of cell death by Ru-B from apoptosis to necroptosis though upregulation of RIPK1 phosphorylation. Conversely, Ru-B-induced cell death was almost completely abrogated by RIPK1 deficiency. The enhanced RIPK1 phosphorylation and necroptosis triggered by Ru-B treatment occurred independently of tumor necrosis factor receptor signaling and was mediated by the production of reactive oxygen species via NADPH oxidase 1 in CRC cells. Thus, we propose Ru-B as a novel anticancer agent that activates RIPK1-dependent cell death via ROS production, and suggest its potential as a novel necroptosis-targeting compound in apoptosis-resistant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sun Byun
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Ju
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Ah Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Cheol Sohn
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Seok Jung
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hee Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Ro
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoi Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Khong Trong Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - InWha Park
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - MinKyun Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Sun JM, Chow WY, Xu G, Hicks MJ, Nakka M, Shen J, Ng PKS, Taylor AM, Yu A, Farrar JE, Barkauskas DA, Gorlick R, Guidry Auvil JM, Gerhard D, Meltzer P, Guerra R, Man TK, Lau CC. The Role of FAS Receptor Methylation in Osteosarcoma Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12155. [PMID: 37569529 PMCID: PMC10418590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary malignant bone tumor with an annual incidence of about 400 cases in the United States. Osteosarcoma primarily metastasizes to the lungs, where FAS ligand (FASL) is constitutively expressed. The interaction of FASL and its cell surface receptor, FAS, triggers apoptosis in normal cells; however, this function is altered in cancer cells. DNA methylation has previously been explored as a mechanism for altering FAS expression, but no variability was identified in the CpG island (CGI) overlapping the promoter. Analysis of an expanded region, including CGI shores and shelves, revealed high variability in the methylation of certain CpG sites that correlated significantly with FAS mRNA expression in a negative manner. Bisulfite sequencing revealed additional CpG sites, which were highly methylated in the metastatic LM7 cell line but unmethylated in its parental non-metastatic SaOS-2 cell line. Treatment with the demethylating agent, 5-azacytidine, resulted in a loss of methylation in CpG sites located within the FAS promoter and restored FAS protein expression in LM7 cells, resulting in reduced migration. Orthotopic implantation of 5-azacytidine treated LM7 cells into severe combined immunodeficient mice led to decreased lung metastases. These results suggest that DNA methylation of CGI shore sites may regulate FAS expression and constitute a potential target for osteosarcoma therapy, utilizing demethylating agents currently approved for the treatment of other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi M. Sun
- Program of Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.M.T.); (T.-K.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (W.-Y.C.); (G.X.); (M.N.); (J.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Wing-Yuk Chow
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (W.-Y.C.); (G.X.); (M.N.); (J.S.); (A.Y.)
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gufeng Xu
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (W.-Y.C.); (G.X.); (M.N.); (J.S.); (A.Y.)
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - M. John Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Manjula Nakka
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (W.-Y.C.); (G.X.); (M.N.); (J.S.); (A.Y.)
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianhe Shen
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (W.-Y.C.); (G.X.); (M.N.); (J.S.); (A.Y.)
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Aaron M. Taylor
- Program of Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.M.T.); (T.-K.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (W.-Y.C.); (G.X.); (M.N.); (J.S.); (A.Y.)
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA;
| | - Alexander Yu
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (W.-Y.C.); (G.X.); (M.N.); (J.S.); (A.Y.)
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jason E. Farrar
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Donald A. Barkauskas
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Jaime M. Guidry Auvil
- Office of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.M.G.A.)
| | - Daniela Gerhard
- Office of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.M.G.A.)
| | - Paul Meltzer
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Rudy Guerra
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA;
| | - Tsz-Kwong Man
- Program of Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.M.T.); (T.-K.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (W.-Y.C.); (G.X.); (M.N.); (J.S.); (A.Y.)
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ching C. Lau
- Program of Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.M.T.); (T.-K.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (W.-Y.C.); (G.X.); (M.N.); (J.S.); (A.Y.)
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA;
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
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7
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Kumari A, Gesumaria L, Liu YJ, Hughitt VK, Zhang X, Ceribelli M, Wilson KM, Klumpp-Thomas C, Chen L, McKnight C, Itkin Z, Thomas CJ, Mock BA, Schrump DS, Chen H. mTOR inhibition overcomes RSK3-mediated resistance to BET inhibitors in small cell lung cancer. JCI Insight 2023; 8:156657. [PMID: 36883564 PMCID: PMC10077471 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a recalcitrant malignancy with limited treatment options. Bromodomain and extraterminal domain inhibitors (BETis) have shown promising preclinical activity in SCLC, but the broad sensitivity spectrum limits their clinical prospects. Here, we performed unbiased high-throughput drug combination screens to identify therapeutics that could augment the antitumor activities of BETis in SCLC. We found that multiple drugs targeting the PI-3K-AKT-mTOR pathway synergize with BETis, among which mTOR inhibitors (mTORis) show the highest synergy. Using various molecular subtypes of the xenograft models derived from patients with SCLC, we confirmed that mTOR inhibition potentiates the antitumor activities of BETis in vivo without substantially increasing toxicity. Furthermore, BETis induce apoptosis in both in vitro and in vivo SCLC models, and this antitumor effect is further amplified by combining mTOR inhibition. Mechanistically, BETis induce apoptosis in SCLC by activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. However, BET inhibition leads to RSK3 upregulation, which promotes survival by activating the TSC2-mTOR-p70S6K1-BAD cascade. mTORis block this protective signaling and augment the apoptosis induced by BET inhibition. Our findings reveal a critical role of RSK3 induction in tumor survival upon BET inhibition and warrant further evaluation of the combination of mTORis and BETis in patients with SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - V Keith Hughitt
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Michele Ceribelli
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelli M Wilson
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Carleen Klumpp-Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Crystal McKnight
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Zina Itkin
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA.,Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Beverly A Mock
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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8
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Lopez KE, Bouchier-Hayes L. Lethal and Non-Lethal Functions of Caspases in the DNA Damage Response. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121887. [PMID: 35741016 PMCID: PMC9221191 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the caspase family are well known for their roles in the initiation and execution of cell death. Due to their function in the removal of damaged cells that could otherwise become malignant, caspases are important players in the DNA damage response (DDR), a network of pathways that prevent genomic instability. However, emerging evidence of caspases positively or negatively impacting the accumulation of DNA damage in the absence of cell death demonstrates that caspases play a role in the DDR that is independent of their role in apoptosis. This review highlights the apoptotic and non-apoptotic roles of caspases in the DDR and how they can impact genomic stability and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla E. Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lisa Bouchier-Hayes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
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9
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Hoang PH, Landi MT. DNA Methylation in Lung Cancer: Mechanisms and Associations with Histological Subtypes, Molecular Alterations, and Major Epidemiological Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040961. [PMID: 35205708 PMCID: PMC8870477 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the major leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Multiple epigenetic factors-in particular, DNA methylation-have been associated with the development of lung cancer. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on DNA methylation alterations in lung tumorigenesis, as well as their associations with different histological subtypes, common cancer driver gene mutations (e.g., KRAS, EGFR, and TP53), and major epidemiological risk factors (e.g., sex, smoking status, race/ethnicity). Understanding the mechanisms of DNA methylation regulation and their associations with various risk factors can provide further insights into carcinogenesis, and create future avenues for prevention and personalized treatments. In addition, we also highlight outstanding questions regarding DNA methylation in lung cancer to be elucidated in future studies.
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10
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Kulbay M, Paimboeuf A, Ozdemir D, Bernier J. Review of cancer cell resistance mechanisms to apoptosis and actual targeted therapies. J Cell Biochem 2021; 123:1736-1761. [PMID: 34791699 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The apoptosis pathway is a programmed cell death mechanism that is crucial for cellular and tissue homeostasis and organ development. There are three major caspase-dependent pathways of apoptosis that ultimately lead to DNA fragmentation. Cancerous cells are known to highly regulate the apoptotic pathway and its role in cancer hallmark acquisition has been discussed over the past decades. Numerous mutations in cancer cell types have been reported to be implicated in chemoresistance and treatment outcome. In this review, we summarize the mutations of the caspase-dependant apoptotic pathways that are the source of cancer development and the targeted therapies currently available or in trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kulbay
- INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adeline Paimboeuf
- INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Derman Ozdemir
- Department of Medicine, One Brooklyn Health-Brookdale Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Jacques Bernier
- INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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11
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DFF40 deficiency in cancerous T cells is implicated in chemotherapy drug sensitivity and resistance through the regulation of the apoptotic pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 194:114801. [PMID: 34678222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of the apoptotic pathway is one of the most studied mechanisms regarding cancer cell resistance. Many mutations have been linked to drug resistance. The DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40) has been gaining interest regarding cancer cell response to chemotherapy and patient outcomes. Glioblastomas and uterine leiomyosarcomas have been shown to have a downregulation of DFF40 expression, conferring a poor patient prognosis. In concordance with these observations, in this study, we showed that DFF40 gene is also downregulated in breast, endocervical, ovarian, lung, pancreas and glioblastomas. DFF40 is the endonuclease responsible of DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. In this study, we sought to determine if a DFF40 deficiency in Jurkat T cells could impact the sensitivity to conventional chemotherapy drugs. CRISPR-cas9 generated DFF40 knockout (DFF40 KO) stable Jurkat cells and wild-type (DFF40 WT) cells were treated with different antimetabolites and topoisomerase II (TOP2) inhibitors, and cell viability was subsequently assessed. DFF40 deficient cells show chemoresistance to antimetabolites (e.g. methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine and cytarabine) and surprisingly, they are more sensitive to TOP2 inhibitors (e.g. etoposide and teniposide). DFF40 deficient cells exposed to cytarabine present lower phosphatidylserine translocation levels to the outer cell membrane layer. Etoposide exposure in DFF40 deficient cells induces higher mortality levels and downregulation of Bcl-xL cells compared to DFF40 expressing T cells. The abolition of DFF40 expression in Jurkat cells significantly impairs histone H2AX phosphorylation following etoposide and cytarabine treatments. Our findings suggest that DFF40 is a novel key target in cancer cell resistance that potentially regulates genomic stability.
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12
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Bebber CM, Thomas ES, Stroh J, Chen Z, Androulidaki A, Schmitt A, Höhne MN, Stüker L, de Pádua Alves C, Khonsari A, Dammert MA, Parmaksiz F, Tumbrink HL, Beleggia F, Sos ML, Riemer J, George J, Brodesser S, Thomas RK, Reinhardt HC, von Karstedt S. Ferroptosis response segregates small cell lung cancer (SCLC) neuroendocrine subtypes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2048. [PMID: 33824345 PMCID: PMC8024350 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of TP53 and RB1 in treatment-naïve small cell lung cancer (SCLC) suggests selective pressure to inactivate cell death pathways prior to therapy. Yet, which of these pathways remain available in treatment-naïve SCLC is unknown. Here, through systemic analysis of cell death pathway availability in treatment-naïve SCLC, we identify non-neuroendocrine (NE) SCLC to be vulnerable to ferroptosis through subtype-specific lipidome remodeling. While NE SCLC is ferroptosis resistant, it acquires selective addiction to the TRX anti-oxidant pathway. In experimental settings of non-NE/NE intratumoral heterogeneity, non-NE or NE populations are selectively depleted by ferroptosis or TRX pathway inhibition, respectively. Preventing subtype plasticity observed under single pathway targeting, combined treatment kills established non-NE and NE tumors in xenografts, genetically engineered mouse models of SCLC and patient-derived cells, and identifies a patient subset with drastically improved overall survival. These findings reveal cell death pathway mining as a means to identify rational combination therapies for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Bebber
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Clinic I for Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emily S Thomas
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jenny Stroh
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ariadne Androulidaki
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Schmitt
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Clinic I for Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela N Höhne
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department for Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Stüker
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cleidson de Pádua Alves
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Armin Khonsari
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcel A Dammert
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fatma Parmaksiz
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hannah L Tumbrink
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Filippo Beleggia
- Clinic I for Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin L Sos
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Riemer
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department for Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julie George
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Brodesser
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roman K Thomas
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- DKFZ, German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Christian Reinhardt
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK partner site Essen), Essen, Germany
| | - Silvia von Karstedt
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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13
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Cytotoxic Efficacy and Resistance Mechanism of a TRAIL and VEGFA-Peptide Fusion Protein in Colorectal Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063160. [PMID: 33808900 PMCID: PMC8003782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a type II transmembrane protein capable of selectively inducing apoptosis in cancer cells by binding to its cognate receptors. Here, we examined the anticancer efficacy of a recently developed chimeric AD-O51.4 protein, a TRAIL fused to the VEGFA-originating peptide. We tested AD-O51.4 protein activity against human colorectal cancer (CRC) models and investigated the resistance mechanism in the non-responsive CRC models. The quantitative comparison of apoptotic activity between AD-O51.4 and the native TRAIL in nine human colorectal cancer cell lines revealed dose-dependent toxicity in seven of them; the immunofluorescence-captured receptor abundance correlated with the extent of apoptosis. AD-O51.4 reduced the growth of CRC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) with good efficacy. Cell lines that acquired AD-O51.4 resistance showed a significant decrease in surface TRAIL receptor expression and apoptosis-related proteins, including Caspase-8, HSP60, and p53. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of AD-O51.4 protein in CRC preclinical models and identify the potential mechanism underlying acquired resistance. Progression of AD-O51.4 to clinical trials is expected.
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14
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Phillips DC, Buchanan FG, Cheng D, Solomon LR, Xiao Y, Xue J, Tahir SK, Smith ML, Zhang H, Widomski D, Abraham VC, Xu N, Liu Z, Zhou L, DiGiammarino E, Lu X, Rudra-Ganguly N, Trela B, Morgan-Lappe SE. Hexavalent TRAIL Fusion Protein Eftozanermin Alfa Optimally Clusters Apoptosis-Inducing TRAIL Receptors to Induce On-Target Antitumor Activity in Solid Tumors. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3402-3414. [PMID: 33687950 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TRAIL can activate cell surface death receptors, resulting in potent tumor cell death via induction of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway. Eftozanermin alfa (ABBV-621) is a second generation TRAIL receptor agonist engineered as an IgG1-Fc mutant backbone linked to two sets of trimeric native single-chain TRAIL receptor binding domain monomers. This hexavalent agonistic fusion protein binds to the death-inducing DR4 and DR5 receptors with nanomolar affinity to drive on-target biological activity with enhanced caspase-8 aggregation and death-inducing signaling complex formation independent of FcγR-mediated cross-linking, and without clinical signs or pathologic evidence of toxicity in nonrodent species. ABBV-621 induced cell death in approximately 36% (45/126) of solid cancer cell lines in vitro at subnanomolar concentrations. An in vivo patient-derived xenograft (PDX) screen of ABBV-621 activity across 15 different tumor indications resulted in an overall response (OR) of 29% (47/162). Although DR4 (TNFSFR10A) and/or DR5 (TNFSFR10B) expression levels did not predict the level of response to ABBV-621 activity in vivo, KRAS mutations were associated with elevated TNFSFR10A and TNFSFR10B and were enriched in ABBV-621-responsive colorectal carcinoma PDX models. To build upon the OR of ABBV-621 monotherapy in colorectal cancer (45%; 10/22) and pancreatic cancer (35%; 7/20), we subsequently demonstrated that inherent resistance to ABBV-621 treatment could be overcome in combination with chemotherapeutics or with selective inhibitors of BCL-XL. In summary, these data provide a preclinical rationale for the ongoing phase 1 clinical trial (NCT03082209) evaluating the activity of ABBV-621 in patients with cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This study describes the activity of a hexavalent TRAIL-receptor agonistic fusion protein in preclinical models of solid tumors that mechanistically distinguishes this molecular entity from other TRAIL-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dong Cheng
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Yu Xiao
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - John Xue
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Morey L Smith
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Haichao Zhang
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Nan Xu
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Li Zhou
- Protein Biochemistry, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Xin Lu
- Genomic Research Center, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Bruce Trela
- Pre-clinical Safety, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
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15
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Ehrlich M, Bacharach E. Oncolytic Virotherapy: The Cancer Cell Side. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050939. [PMID: 33668131 PMCID: PMC7956656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a promising immunotherapy that specifically target and kill cancer cells and stimulate anti-tumor immunity. While different OVs are endowed with distinct features, which enhance their specificity towards tumor cells; attributes of the cancer cell also critically contribute to this specificity. Such features comprise defects in innate immunity, including antiviral responses, and the metabolic reprogramming of the malignant cell. The tumorigenic features which support OV replication can be intrinsic to the transformation process (e.g., a direct consequence of the activity of a given oncogene), or acquired in the course of tumor immunoediting—the selection process applied by antitumor immunity. Oncogene-induced epigenetic silencing plays an important role in negative regulation of immunostimulatory antiviral responses in the cancer cells. Reversal of such silencing may also provide a strong immunostimulant in the form of viral mimicry by activation of endogenous retroelements. Here we review features of the cancer cell that support viral replication, tumor immunoediting and the connection between oncogenic signaling, DNA methylation and viral oncolysis. As such, this review concentrates on the malignant cell, while detailed description of different OVs can be found in the accompanied reviews of this issue. Abstract Cell autonomous immunity genes mediate the multiple stages of anti-viral defenses, including recognition of invading pathogens, inhibition of viral replication, reprogramming of cellular metabolism, programmed-cell-death, paracrine induction of antiviral state, and activation of immunostimulatory inflammation. In tumor development and/or immunotherapy settings, selective pressure applied by the immune system results in tumor immunoediting, a reduction in the immunostimulatory potential of the cancer cell. This editing process comprises the reduced expression and/or function of cell autonomous immunity genes, allowing for immune-evasion of the tumor while concomitantly attenuating anti-viral defenses. Combined with the oncogene-enhanced anabolic nature of cancer-cell metabolism, this attenuation of antiviral defenses contributes to viral replication and to the selectivity of oncolytic viruses (OVs) towards malignant cells. Here, we review the manners by which oncogene-mediated transformation and tumor immunoediting combine to alter the intracellular milieu of tumor cells, for the benefit of OV replication. We also explore the functional connection between oncogenic signaling and epigenetic silencing, and the way by which restriction of such silencing results in immune activation. Together, the picture that emerges is one in which OVs and epigenetic modifiers are part of a growing therapeutic toolbox that employs activation of anti-tumor immunity for cancer therapy.
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16
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Al-Yozbaki M, Jabre I, Syed NH, Wilson CM. Targeting DNA methyltransferases in non-small-cell lung cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:77-87. [PMID: 33486076 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advances in treatment using chemotherapy or targeted therapies, due to static survival rates, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Epigenetic-based therapies have been developed for NSCLC by targeting DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone-modifying enzymes. However, treatment using single epigenetic agents on solid tumours has been inadequate; whereas, treatment with a combination of DNMTs inhibitors with chemotherapy and immunotherapy has shown great promise. Dietary sources of phytochemicals could also inhibit DNMTs and cancer stem cells, representing a novel and promising way to prevent and treat cancer. Herein, we will discuss the different DNMTs, DNA methylation profiling in NSCLC as well as current demethylating agents in ongoing clinical trials. Therefore, providing a concise overview of future developments in the field of epigenetic therapy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minnatallah Al-Yozbaki
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
| | - Ibtissam Jabre
- Dept. of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Naeem H Syed
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
| | - Cornelia M Wilson
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK; University of Liverpool, Institute of Translation Medicine, Dept of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK.
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17
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Khan P, Siddiqui JA, Maurya SK, Lakshmanan I, Jain M, Ganti AK, Salgia R, Batra SK, Nasser MW. Epigenetic landscape of small cell lung cancer: small image of a giant recalcitrant disease. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:57-76. [PMID: 33220460 PMCID: PMC8218609 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a particular subtype of lung cancer with high mortality. Recent advances in understanding SCLC genomics and breakthroughs of immunotherapy have substantially expanded existing knowledge and treatment modalities. However, challenges associated with SCLC remain enigmatic and elusive. Most of the conventional drug discovery approaches targeting altered signaling pathways in SCLC end up in the 'grave-yard of drug discovery', which mandates exploring novel approaches beyond inhibiting cell signaling pathways. Epigenetic modifications have long been documented as the key contributors to the tumorigenesis of almost all types of cancer, including SCLC. The last decade witnessed an exponential increase in our understanding of epigenetic modifications for SCLC. The present review highlights the central role of epigenetic regulations in acquiring neoplastic phenotype, metastasis, aggressiveness, resistance to chemotherapy, and immunotherapeutic approaches of SCLC. Different types of epigenetic modifications (DNA/histone methylation or acetylation) that can serve as predictive biomarkers for prognostication, treatment stratification, neuroendocrine lineage determination, and development of potential SCLC therapies are also discussed. We also review the utility of epigenetic targets/epidrugs in combination with first-line chemotherapy and immunotherapy that are currently under investigation in preclinical and clinical studies. Altogether, the information presents the inclusive landscape of SCLC epigenetics and epidrugs that will help to improve SCLC outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Apar Kishor Ganti
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, VA-Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA; Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte 91010, CA, USA
| | - Surinder Kumar Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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18
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Lee WH, Han MW, Kim SH, Seong D, An JH, Chang HW, Kim SY, Kim SW, Lee JC. Tristetraprolin Posttranscriptionally Downregulates TRAIL Death Receptors. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081851. [PMID: 32784606 PMCID: PMC7465502 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has attracted attention as a potential candidate for cancer therapy. However, many primary cancers are resistant to TRAIL, even when combined with standard chemotherapy. The mechanism of TRAIL resistance in cancer cells has not been fully elucidated. The TRAIL death receptor (DR) 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) is reported to contain AU-rich elements (AREs) that are important for regulating DR mRNA stability. However, the mechanisms by which DR mRNA stability is determined by its 3′-UTR are unknown. We demonstrate that tristetraprolin (TTP), an ARE-binding protein, has a critical function of regulating DR mRNA stability. DR4 mRNA contains three AREs and DR5 mRNA contains four AREs in 3′-UTR. TTP bound to all three AREs in DR4 and ARE3 in DR5 and enhanced decay of DR4/5 mRNA. TTP overexpression in colon cancer cells changed the TRAIL-sensitive cancer cells to TRAIL-resistant cells, and down-regulation of TTP increased TRAIL sensitivity via DR4/5 expression. Therefore, this study provides a molecular mechanism for enhanced levels of TRAIL DRs in cancer cells and a biological basis for posttranscriptional modification of TRAIL DRs. In addition, TTP status might be a biomarker for predicting TRAIL response when a TRAIL-based treatment is used for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Hyeok Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea; (W.H.L.); (M.W.H.); (S.H.K.); (D.S.); (J.H.A.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea
| | - Myung Woul Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea; (W.H.L.); (M.W.H.); (S.H.K.); (D.S.); (J.H.A.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea
| | - Song Hee Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea; (W.H.L.); (M.W.H.); (S.H.K.); (D.S.); (J.H.A.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea
| | - Daseul Seong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea; (W.H.L.); (M.W.H.); (S.H.K.); (D.S.); (J.H.A.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea
| | - Jae Hee An
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea; (W.H.L.); (M.W.H.); (S.H.K.); (D.S.); (J.H.A.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea
| | - Hyo Won Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (H.W.C.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Sang Yoon Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (H.W.C.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Seong Who Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.W.K.); (J.C.L.); Tel.: +82-2-3010-4270 (S.W.K.); +82-33-610-4372 (J.C.L.); Fax: +82-2-3010-4249 (S.W.K.); +82-33-642-3189 (J.C.L.)
| | - Jong Cheol Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, GangNeung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung 25440, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.W.K.); (J.C.L.); Tel.: +82-2-3010-4270 (S.W.K.); +82-33-610-4372 (J.C.L.); Fax: +82-2-3010-4249 (S.W.K.); +82-33-642-3189 (J.C.L.)
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19
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Orning P, Lien E. Multiple roles of caspase-8 in cell death, inflammation, and innate immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:121-141. [PMID: 32531842 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0420-305r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-8 is an apical caspase involved in the programmed form of cell death called apoptosis that is critically important for mammalian development and immunity. Apoptosis was historically described as immunologically silent in contrast to other types of programmed cell death such as necroptosis or pyroptosis. Recent reports suggest considerable crosstalk between these different forms of cell death. It is becoming increasingly clear that caspase-8 has many non-apoptotic roles, participating in multiple processes including regulation of necroptosis (mediated by receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinases, RIPK1-RIPK3), inflammatory cytokine expression, inflammasome activation, and cleavage of IL-1β and gasdermin D, and protection against shock and microbial infection. In this review, we discuss the involvement of caspase-8 in cell death and inflammation and highlight its role in innate immune responses and in the relationship between different forms of cell death. Caspase-8 is one of the central components in this type of crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Orning
- UMass Medical School, Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Egil Lien
- UMass Medical School, Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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20
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Caspase-8: The double-edged sword. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188357. [PMID: 32147543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-8 is a cysteine - aspartate specific protease that classically triggers the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, in response to the activation of cell surface Death Receptors (DRs) like FAS, TRAIL-R and TNF-R. Besides it's roles in triggering death receptor-mediated apoptosis, Caspase-8 has also been implicated in the onsets of anoikis, autophagy and pyroptosis. Furthermore, Caspase-8 also plays a crucial pro-survival function by inhibiting an alternative form of programmed cell death called necroptosis. Low expression levels of pro-Caspase-8 is therefore associated with the malignant transformation of cancers. However, the long-held notion that pro-Caspase-8 expression/activity is generally lost in most cancers, thereby contributing to apoptotic escape and enhanced resistance to anti-cancer therapeutics, has been found to be true for only a minority of cancers types. In the majority of cases, pro-Caspase-8 expression is maintained and sometimes elevated, while it's apoptotic activity is regulated through different mechanisms. This supports the notion that the non-apoptotic functions of Caspase-8 offer growth advantage in these cancer types and have, therefore, gained renewed interest in the recent years. In light of these reasons, a number of therapeutic approaches have been employed, with the intent of targeting pro-Caspase-8 in cancer cells. In this review, we would attempt to discuss - the classic roles of Caspase-8 in initiating apoptosis; it's non-apoptotic functions; it's the clinical significance in different cancer types; and the therapeutic applications exploiting the ability of pro-Caspase-8 to regulate various cellular functions.
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21
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Uddin MH, Pimentel JM, Chatterjee M, Allen JE, Zhuang Z, Wu GS. Targeting PP2A inhibits the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:592-600. [PMID: 32011210 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1723195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) does not respond to widely used targeted/endocrine therapies because of the absence of progesterone and estrogen receptors and HER2 amplification. It has been shown that the majority of TNBC cells are highly sensitive to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis, but the development of TRAIL resistance limits its efficacy. We previously found that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) plays an important role in TRAIL resistance. In this study, we evaluated the effects of PP2A inhibition on cell death in TRAIL-resistant TNBC cells. We found that the PP2A inhibitor LB-100 effectively inhibits the growth of a panel of TNBC cell lines including lines that are intrinsically resistant to TRAIL. Using two TRAIL-resistant cell lines generated from TRAIL-sensitive parental cells (MDA231 and SUM159), we found that both TRAIL-sensitive and -resistant cell lines are equally sensitive to LB-100. We also found that LB-100 sensitizes TNBC cells to clinically used chemotherapeutical agents, including paclitaxel and cisplatin. Importantly, we found that LB-100 effectively inhibits the growth of MDA468 tumors in mice in vivo without apparent toxicity. Collectively, these data suggest that pharmacological inhibition of PP2A activity could be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating patients with TNBC in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hafiz Uddin
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Julio M Pimentel
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Madhumita Chatterjee
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Joshu E Allen
- Department of Research and Development, Oncoceutics, Inc, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gen Sheng Wu
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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22
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Muraki M. Sensitization to cell death induced by soluble Fas ligand and agonistic antibodies with exogenous agents: A review. AIMS MEDICAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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23
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Sag D, Ayyildiz ZO, Gunalp S, Wingender G. The Role of TRAIL/DRs in the Modulation of Immune Cells and Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101469. [PMID: 31574961 PMCID: PMC6826877 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis–inducing ligand) by immune cells can lead to the induction of apoptosis in tumor cells. However, it becomes increasingly clear that the interaction of TRAIL and its death receptors (DRs) can also directly impact immune cells and influence immune responses. Here, we review what is known about the role of TRAIL/DRs in immune cells and immune responses in general and in the tumor microenvironment in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Sag
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Ozge Ayyildiz
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Sinem Gunalp
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Gerhard Wingender
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Technologies, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Balcova/Izmir, Turkey.
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24
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Fenton SE, Sosman JA, Chandra S. Resistance mechanisms in melanoma to immuneoncologic therapy with checkpoint inhibitors. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:744-761. [PMID: 35582566 PMCID: PMC8992532 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors act by blocking physiologic mechanisms coopted by tumor cells to evade immune surveillance, restoring the immune system's ability to identify and kill malignant cells. These therapies have dramatically improved outcomes in multiple tumor types with durable responses in many patients, leading to FDA approval first in advanced melanoma, then in many other malignancies. However, as experience with checkpoint inhibitors has grown, populations of patients who are primary nonresponders or develop secondary resistance have been the majority of cases, even in melanoma. Mechanisms of resistance include those inherent to the tumor microenvironment, the tumor cells themselves, and the function of the patient's native immune cells. This review will discuss resistance to checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma as well as possible methods to restore sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Fenton
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Sosman
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sunandana Chandra
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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25
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Tian Y, Zhai X, Han A, Zhu H, Yu J. Potential immune escape mechanisms underlying the distinct clinical outcome of immune checkpoint blockades in small cell lung cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:67. [PMID: 31253167 PMCID: PMC6599302 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the deadliest cancer types in the world. Despite the high response rate to frontline platinum-containing doublets, relapse is inevitable for the majority of patients and the prognosis is poor. Topotecan, which has limited efficacy, has remained the standard second-line therapy for approximately three decades. Although SCLC has a high mutation burden, the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) in SCLC is far less pronounced than that in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Only atezolizumab in combination with chemotherapy improved overall survival over chemotherapy alone in the phase III CheckMate 133 trial and has recently received FDA approval as first-line therapy. Most studies concerning ICBs in SCLC are limited to early-phase studies and found that ICBs were not superior to traditional chemotherapy. Why is there such a large difference between SCLC and NSCLC? In this review, comparative analyses of previous studies indicate that SCLC is even more immunodeficient than NSCLC and the potential immune escape mechanisms in SCLC may involve the low expression of PD-L1 and the downregulation of major histocompability complex (MHC) molecules and regulatory chemokines. In consideration of these immune dysfunctions, we speculate that chemotherapy and radiotherapy prior to immunotherapy, the combination of ICBs with antiangiogenic treatment, and selecting tumor mutation burden in combination with PD-L1 expression as biomarkers could be promising strategies to improve the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Anqin Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, China.
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26
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Elmallah MIY, Micheau O. Epigenetic Regulation of TRAIL Signaling: Implication for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060850. [PMID: 31248188 PMCID: PMC6627638 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main characteristics of carcinogenesis relies on genetic alterations in DNA and epigenetic changes in histone and non-histone proteins. At the chromatin level, gene expression is tightly controlled by DNA methyl transferases, histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), and acetyl-binding proteins. In particular, the expression level and function of several tumor suppressor genes, or oncogenes such as c-Myc, p53 or TRAIL, have been found to be regulated by acetylation. For example, HATs are a group of enzymes, which are responsible for the acetylation of histone proteins, resulting in chromatin relaxation and transcriptional activation, whereas HDACs by deacetylating histones lead to chromatin compaction and the subsequent transcriptional repression of tumor suppressor genes. Direct acetylation of suppressor genes or oncogenes can affect their stability or function. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have thus been developed as a promising therapeutic target in oncology. While these inhibitors display anticancer properties in preclinical models, and despite the fact that some of them have been approved by the FDA, HDACi still have limited therapeutic efficacy in clinical terms. Nonetheless, combined with a wide range of structurally and functionally diverse chemical compounds or immune therapies, HDACi have been reported to work in synergy to induce tumor regression. In this review, the role of HDACs in cancer etiology and recent advances in the development of HDACi will be presented and put into perspective as potential drugs synergizing with TRAIL's pro-apoptotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I Y Elmallah
- INSERM, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan 11795 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Olivier Micheau
- INSERM, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France.
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27
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Wajant H, Siegmund D. TNFR1 and TNFR2 in the Control of the Life and Death Balance of Macrophages. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:91. [PMID: 31192209 PMCID: PMC6548990 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages stand in the first line of defense against a variety of pathogens but are also involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. To fulfill their functions macrophages sense a broad range of pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs) by plasma membrane and intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Intriguingly, the overwhelming majority of PPRs trigger the production of the pleiotropic cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). TNF affects almost any type of cell including macrophages themselves. TNF promotes the inflammatory activity of macrophages but also controls macrophage survival and death. TNF exerts its activities by stimulation of two different types of receptors, TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1) and TNFR2, which are both expressed by macrophages. The two TNF receptor types trigger distinct and common signaling pathways that can work in an interconnected manner. Based on a brief general description of major TNF receptor-associated signaling pathways, we focus in this review on research of recent years that revealed insights into the molecular mechanisms how the TNFR1-TNFR2 signaling network controls the life and death balance of macrophages. In particular, we discuss how the TNFR1-TNFR2 signaling network is integrated into PRR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Siegmund
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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28
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Eberle J. Countering TRAIL Resistance in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050656. [PMID: 31083589 PMCID: PMC6562618 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma of the skin has become a prime example for demonstrating the success of targeted cancer therapy. Nevertheless, high mortality has remained, mainly related to tumor heterogeneity and inducible therapy resistance. But the development of new therapeutic strategies and combinations has raised hope of finally defeating this deadly disease. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) represents a promising antitumor strategy. The principal sensitivity of melanoma cells for TRAIL was demonstrated in previous studies; however, inducible resistance appeared as a major problem. To address this issue, combination strategies were tested, and survival pathway inhibitors were shown to sensitize melanoma cells for TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Finally, cell cycle inhibition was identified as a common principle of TRAIL sensitization in melanoma cells. Mitochondrial apoptosis pathways, pro- and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins as well as the rheostat consisted of Smac (Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase) and XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) appeared to be of particular importance. Furthermore, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was recognized in this setting. Inducible TRAIL resistance in melanoma can be explained by (i) high levels of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, (ii) high levels of XIAP, and (iii) suppressed Bax activity. These hurdles have to be overcome to enable the use of TRAIL in melanoma therapy. Several strategies appear as particularly promising, including new TRAIL receptor agonists, Smac and BH3 mimetics, as well as selective kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Eberle
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Skin Cancer Center Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (University Medical Center Charité), 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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29
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Liccardi G, Ramos Garcia L, Tenev T, Annibaldi A, Legrand AJ, Robertson D, Feltham R, Anderton H, Darding M, Peltzer N, Dannappel M, Schünke H, Fava LL, Haschka MD, Glatter T, Nesvizhskii A, Schmidt A, Harris PA, Bertin J, Gough PJ, Villunger A, Silke J, Pasparakis M, Bianchi K, Meier P. RIPK1 and Caspase-8 Ensure Chromosome Stability Independently of Their Role in Cell Death and Inflammation. Mol Cell 2019; 73:413-428.e7. [PMID: 30598363 PMCID: PMC6375735 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 1 functions as a key mediator of tissue homeostasis via formation of Caspase-8 activating ripoptosome complexes, positively and negatively regulating apoptosis, necroptosis, and inflammation. Here, we report an unanticipated cell-death- and inflammation-independent function of RIPK1 and Caspase-8, promoting faithful chromosome alignment in mitosis and thereby ensuring genome stability. We find that ripoptosome complexes progressively form as cells enter mitosis, peaking at metaphase and disassembling as cells exit mitosis. Genetic deletion and mitosis-specific inhibition of Ripk1 or Caspase-8 results in chromosome alignment defects independently of MLKL. We found that Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is recruited into mitotic ripoptosomes, where PLK1's activity is controlled via RIPK1-dependent recruitment and Caspase-8-mediated cleavage. A fine balance of ripoptosome assembly is required as deregulated ripoptosome activity modulates PLK1-dependent phosphorylation of downstream effectors, such as BUBR1. Our data suggest that ripoptosome-mediated regulation of PLK1 contributes to faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmaria Liccardi
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Laura Ramos Garcia
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Tencho Tenev
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Alessandro Annibaldi
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Arnaud J Legrand
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - David Robertson
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rebecca Feltham
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Holly Anderton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Maurice Darding
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK; Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nieves Peltzer
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Marius Dannappel
- Institute for Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hannah Schünke
- Institute for Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Luca L Fava
- Division of Dev. Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria
| | - Manuel D Haschka
- Division of Dev. Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria
| | - Timo Glatter
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biocentrum of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexey Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biocentrum of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philip A Harris
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - John Bertin
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Peter J Gough
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Dev. Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria; Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - John Silke
- Institute for Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Katiuscia Bianchi
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK; Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, John Vane Science Centre, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK.
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Arenas-Ramirez N, Sahin D, Boyman O. Epigenetic mechanisms of tumor resistance to immunotherapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4163-4176. [PMID: 30140960 PMCID: PMC11105392 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2908-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The recent impact of cancer immunotherapies has firmly established the ability and importance of the immune system to fight malignancies. However, the intimate interaction between the highly dynamic tumor and immune cells leads to a selection process driven by genetic and epigenetic processes. As the molecular pathways of cancer resistance mechanisms to immunotherapy become increasingly known, novel therapeutic targets are being tested in combination with immune-stimulating approaches. We here review recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of tumor resistance with particular emphasis on epigenetic processes and place these in the context of previous models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dilara Sahin
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Alkurdi L, Virard F, Vanbervliet B, Weber K, Toscano F, Bonnin M, Le Stang N, Lantuejoul S, Micheau O, Renno T, Lebecque S, Estornes Y. Release of c-FLIP brake selectively sensitizes human cancer cells to TLR3-mediated apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:874. [PMID: 30158588 PMCID: PMC6115461 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) mediates innate immune responses by sensing viral dsRNA, but also induces apoptosis selectively in cancer cells. Our analysis by immunohistochemistry revealed that TLR3 is frequently overexpressed in 130 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients' samples compared with normal bronchial epithelium (P < 0.0001, Mann-Whitney test), supporting the therapeutic potential of TLR3 ligand for this type of cancer. However, a proportion of TLR3-expressing cancer cell lines, including NSCLC, remain resistant to TLR3-mediated apoptosis, and the underlying mechanism of resistance remains unclear. We here investigated the molecular basis conferring resistance to non-transformed vs. transformed cells against TLR3-mediated cell death. In non-transformed epithelial cells cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) and cellular Inhibitor of APoptosis (cIAPs) ubiquitin ligases exerted an efficient double brake on apoptosis signaling. In contrast, releasing only one of these two brakes was sufficient to overcome the resistance of 8/8 cancer cell lines tested. Remarkably, the release of the c-FLIP, but not cIAPs, brake only results in the sensitization of all human cancer cells to TLR3-mediated apoptosis. Taking advantage of the difference between transformed and non-transformed cells, we developed a rational strategy by combining the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel, which decreases c-FLIP expression, with TLR3 ligand. This combination was highly synergistic for triggering apoptosis in cancer cells but not in non-transformed cells. In vivo, the combination of paclitaxel with dsRNA delayed tumor growth and prolonged survival in a mouse xenograft lung tumor model. In conclusion, combining the release of the c-FLIP brake with TLR3 ligand synergizes to selectively kill cancer cells, and could represent an efficient and safe therapy against TLR3-expressing cancers such as NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lugain Alkurdi
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France
| | - François Virard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France
| | - Béatrice Vanbervliet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France
| | - Kathrin Weber
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France
| | - Florent Toscano
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France
| | - Marc Bonnin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France
| | - Nolwenn Le Stang
- Département de Biopathologie - Registre MESONAT, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, U1086 INSERM-UCBN « Cancer & Prévention », Caen, France
| | - Sylvie Lantuejoul
- Département de Biopathologie, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, INSERM U823, Institut A. Bonniot, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Olivier Micheau
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, LNC UMR866, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Toufic Renno
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France
| | - Serge Lebecque
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, 69495, Pierre Bénite Cedex, France
| | - Yann Estornes
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France.
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Cao Y, Guo C, Yin Y, Li X, Zhou L. Lysine‑specific demethylase 2 contributes to the proliferation of small cell lung cancer by regulating the expression of TFPI‑2. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:733-740. [PMID: 29845195 PMCID: PMC6059701 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of lysine‑specific demethylase 2 (LSD2) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and explore its underlying regulatory mechanism. Cell growth was tested by MTT assay and mRNA and protein expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q‑PCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to investigate the degree of H3K4me2 enrichment in the promoter region of tissue factor pathway inhibitor‑2 (TFPI‑2). SCLC tissues and cell lines presented significantly higher expression of LSD2 and DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) and lower expression of TFPI‑2 compared with the controls. In H1417 cells LSD2 overexpression increased the mRNA and protein expression of DNMT3B, while inhibiting the mRNA and protein expression of TFPI‑2. Following transfection with short interfering (si) RNA‑DNMT3B, the expression of TFPI‑2 increased in H1417 cells. The results of ChIP demonstrated that compared with the controls, H3K4me1 enrichment in the TFPI‑2 promoter region was to a lower degree in the H1417 cells with LSD2 overexpression and a higher degree in the H1417 cells with LSD2 silencing. MTT assays revealed that LSD2 overexpression significantly promoted the growth of H69, DMS‑114 and H1417 cells, which was contradictory to the effect on LSD2 silencing. Compared with the LSD2 overexpression cells, SCLC cells with simultaneous overexpression of LSD2 and TFPI‑2 demonstrated a decreased proliferation. These results suggest that LSD2 achieves a promoting effect on SCLC by indirectly regulating TFPI‑2 expression through the mediation of DNMT3B expression or through the regulation of the demethylation of H3K4me1 in the promoter region of the TFPI‑2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Cao
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou Central Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 251700, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Guo
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou Central Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 251700, P.R. China
| | - Yanhai Yin
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou Central Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 251700, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Binzhou Central Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 251700, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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Ralff MD, El-Deiry WS. TRAIL pathway targeting therapeutics. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2018; 3:197-204. [PMID: 30740527 DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2018.1476062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Despite decades of focused research efforts, cancer remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is capable of inducing cell death selectively in cancer cells while sparing normal cells. Areas covered In this review, the authors cover TRA therapy and strategies that have been undertaken to improve their efficacy, as well as unconventional approaches to TRAIL pathway activation including TRAIL-inducing small molecules. They also discuss mechanisms of resistance to TRAIL and the use of combination strategies to overcome it. Expert commentary Targeting the TRAIL pathway has been of interest in oncology, and although initial clinical trials of TRAIL receptor agonists (TRAs) showed limitations, novel approaches represent the future of TRAIL-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie D Ralff
- MD/PhD Program, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Hematology/Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Hematology/Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
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Taylor KM, Wheeler R, Singh N, Vosloo D, Ray DW, Sommer P. The tobacco carcinogen NNK drives accumulation of DNMT1 at the GR promoter thereby reducing GR expression in untransformed lung fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4903. [PMID: 29559689 PMCID: PMC5861118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive, predominantly cigarette smoke-induced tumour with poor prognosis. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a SCLC tumour suppressor gene, is typically reduced in SCLC. We now show that SCLC cells express high levels of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) which accumulates at the GR promoter. DNMT1 expression is further increased by exposure to the tobacco carcinogen NNK. In the untransformed human lung fibroblast cell line, MRC-5, short term NNK treatment decreases GRα mRNA and protein expression due to accumulation of DNMT1 at the GR promoter. Long term NNK treatment results in persistently augmented DNMT1 levels with lowered GR levels. Long term exposure to NNK slows cell proliferation and induces DNA damage, while the GR antagonist RU486 stimulates proliferation and protects against DNA damage. Although both NNK and RU486 treatment increases methylation at the GR promoter, neither are sufficient to prevent senescence in this context. NNK exposure results in accumulation of DNMT1 at the GR promoter in untransformed lung cells mimicking SCLC cells, directly linking tobacco smoke exposure to silencing of the GR, an important step in SCLC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerryn M Taylor
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Roxanne Wheeler
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nimisha Singh
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Dalene Vosloo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - David W Ray
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Sommer
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Kwon YJ, Cho NH, Ye DJ, Baek HS, Ryu YS, Chun YJ. Cytochrome P450 1B1 promotes cancer cell survival via specificity protein 1 (Sp1)-mediated suppression of death receptor 4. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:278-287. [PMID: 29473798 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1440186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1), a well-known oncogene, has garnered wide attention because of its tumor-specific expression pattern and actions as a carcinogenic factor. Although CYP1B1 might play a crucial role in carcinogenesis, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying oncogenic involvement in cancer development remain unclear. The present study investigated the manner in which CYP1B1 promotes survival of various cancer cells. Treatment with 2,2',4,6'-tetramethoxystilbene (TMS), a specific CYP1B1 inhibitor, significantly inhibited cell viability in human breast cancer and leukemia cell lines, including MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HL-60, and U937 cells. In order to characterize the cellular functions of CYP1B1 associated with cancer cell survival, the relationship between this oncogene and death receptor 4 (DR4) was determined. Following induction or inhibition of CYP1B1, mRNA and protein expression levels of DR4 were measured, and this oncogene was found to significantly repress DR4 mRNA and protein expression. Further, the suppression of DR4 by CYP1B1 was restored with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, indicating that DNA methylation may be involved in CYP1B1-mediated DR4 inhibition. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in CYP1B1-overexpressed HL-60 cells revealed that this oncogene induced hypermethylation on DR4 promoter. Interestingly, data showed that DR4 suppression of CYP1B1 is mediated by the DNA-binding ability of specificity protein 1 (Sp1). These findings suggest that CYP1B1 promotes cancer cell survival through involvement of DNA methylation-mediated DR4 inhibition and that Sp1 may act as key mediator required for oncogenic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Jung Kwon
- a College of Pharmacy , Chung-Ang University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Nam-Hyeon Cho
- a College of Pharmacy , Chung-Ang University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Ye
- a College of Pharmacy , Chung-Ang University , Seoul , Korea
| | | | - Yeon-Sang Ryu
- a College of Pharmacy , Chung-Ang University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- a College of Pharmacy , Chung-Ang University , Seoul , Korea
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Long FQ, Su QJ, Zhou JX, Wang DS, Li PX, Zeng CS, Cai Y. LncRNA SNHG12 ameliorates brain microvascular endothelial cell injury by targeting miR-199a. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1919-1926. [PMID: 30233065 PMCID: PMC6183049 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.238717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs regulate brain microvascular endothelial cell death, the inflammatory response and angiogenesis during and after ischemia/reperfusion and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) insults. The long non-coding RNA, SNHG12, is upregulated after ischemia/reperfusion and OGD/R in microvascular endothelial cells of the mouse brain. However, its role in ischemic stroke has not been studied. We hypothesized that SNHG12 positively regulates ischemic stroke, and therefore we investigated its mechanism of action. We established an OGD/R mouse cell model to mimic ischemic stroke by exposing brain microvascular endothelial cells to OGD for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 or 24 hours and reoxygenation for 4 hours. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that SNHG12 levels in brain microvascular endothelial cells increased with respect to OGD exposure time. Brain microvascular endothelial cells were transfected with pcDNA-control, pcDNA-SNHG12, si-control, or si-SNHG12. After exposure to OGD for 16 hours, these cells were then analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, trypan blue exclusion, western blot, and capillary-like tube formation assays. Overexpression of SNHG12 inhibited brain microvascular endothelial cell death and the inflammatory response but promoted angiogenesis after OGD/R, while SNHG12 knockdown had the opposite effects. miR-199a was identified as a target of SNHG12, and SNHG12 overexpression reversed the effect of miR-199a on brain microvascular endothelial cell death, the inflammatory response, and angiogenesis. These findings suggest that SNHG12 suppresses endothelial cell injury induced by OGD/R by targeting miR-199a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Qing Long
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Qing-Jie Su
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Jing-Xia Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - De-Sheng Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Peng-Xiang Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Chao-Sheng Zeng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yi Cai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
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Im JY, Kim BK, Lee JY, Park SH, Ban HS, Jung KE, Won M. DDIAS suppresses TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by inhibiting DISC formation and destabilizing caspase-8 in cancer cells. Oncogene 2017; 37:1251-1262. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Aghababazadeh M, Dorraki N, Javan FA, Fattahi AS, Gharib M, Pasdar A. Downregulation of Caspase 8 in a group of Iranian breast cancer patients - A pilot study. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2017; 29:191-195. [PMID: 29233452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnci.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It is now well known that evading apoptosis, as a cancer hallmark, can lead to tumour initiation, progression and metastasis. As a result of genome wide association studies, an initiator protease in this pathway, caspase 8 (CASP8), has been found to be an important gene regarding breast cancer susceptibility. The alterations of the expression of this gene have been reported in breast cancer cell lines. Given that in previous studies expression analysis of this gene had only been done in breast cancer cell lines, in this study we aimed to evaluate the expression of this gene in breast cancer tissues versus adjacent normal tissues, using real-time quantitative method. METHODS Caspase 8 mRNA expression was quantified using comparative RT-qPCR in 27 fresh frozen breast tumours and 27 adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, relationship between the expression changes of CASP8 in tumour tissue and various clinical and pathological features were evaluated in an Iranian population. RESULTS The present study showed that expression of CASP8 was significantly reduced in tumour tissues compared to neighbouring normal tissues (p = .004). CASP8 expression was significantly correlated with the status of hormone receptors (ER and PR). CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report on reduced expression of CASP8 in breast cancer versus adjacent normal tissues. Our data support previous results obtained from cell lines and therefore highlights the seminal role of the induction of CASP8 expression, as a novel therapeutic approach, in order to sensitize tumour cells to apoptotic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Aghababazadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Najmeh Dorraki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Afzal Javan
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asieh Sadat Fattahi
- Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Gharib
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Division of Applied Medicine, Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
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Jiang W, Bi N, Zhang WJ, Wu LH, Liu LP, Men Y, Wang JB, Liang J, Hui ZG, Zhou ZM, Wang LH. MicroRNA-related polymorphisms in apoptosis pathway genes are predictive of clinical outcome in patients with limited disease small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22632-8. [PMID: 26988918 PMCID: PMC5008387 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at miRNA binding sites in the 3'-UTRs of genes in the apoptosis pathway on the prognosis of patients with limited disease-small cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC). Twelve tagSNPs in seven genes were genotyped using blood samples from 146 LD-SCLC patients treated with chemoradiotherapy. Cox proportional hazard regression models and recursive partitioning analysis were performed to identify SNPs significantly associated with overall survival. Three SNPs, CASP8: rs1045494 (C > T), PIK3R1: rs3756668 (A > G) and CASP7: rs4353229 (T > C), were associated with longer overall survival in LD-SCLC patients after chemoradiotherapy. The adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.480 (0.258-0.894), 0.405 (0.173-0.947) and 0.446 (0.247-0.802), respectively, and remained significant after multiple comparison correction. Moreover, subset analysis showed these SNPs were still predictive of overall survival in stage III patients. Recursive partitioning analysis enabled patients to be classified into three risk subgroups based on unfavorable genotype combinations of the rs1045494 and rs4353229 SNPs. These findings suggest miRNA-related polymorphisms in the apoptosis pathway may be useful biomarkers for selection of LD-SCLC patients likely to benefit from chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Bi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jue Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Hong Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Pin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Men
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Bo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou-Guang Hui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zong-Mei Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Hua Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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ONC201 activates ER stress to inhibit the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21626-21638. [PMID: 28423492 PMCID: PMC5400611 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ONC201 was previously identified as a first-in-class antitumor agent and small-molecule inducer of the TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) gene that induces apoptosis in cancer cells. ONC201 has a safety profile and is currently in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of various malignancies. In the current study, we examine the effect of ONC201 on triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC), a subtype of breast cancer that is sensitive to TRAIL. We find that ONC201 inhibits the growth of TNBC cells including TNBC cells that have developed acquired TRAIL resistance. However, TNBC cells that have developed acquired ONC201 resistance are cross-resistant to TRAIL. Mechanistically, ONC201 triggers an integrated stress response (ISR) involving the activation of the transcription factor ATF4. Knockdown of ATF4 impairs ONC201-induced apoptosis of TNBC cells. Importantly, the activation of ATF4 is compromised in ONC201-resistant TNBC cells. Thus, our results indicate that ONC201 induces an ISR to cause TNBC cell death and suggest that TNBC patients may benefit from ONC201-based therapies.
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Duruisseaux M, Esteller M. Lung cancer epigenetics: From knowledge to applications. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 51:116-128. [PMID: 28919484 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Advances in our understanding of the genomics of lung cancer have led to substantial progress in the treatment of specific molecular subsets. Immunotherapy also emerges as a major breakthrough in lung cancer treatment. However, challenges remain as a consensual approach for early lung cancer detection remains elusive while primary or secondary drug resistance eventually leads to treatment failure in all patients with advanced disease. Furthermore, a large portion of patients are still treated with conventional chemotherapy that is only modestly effective. The last two decades have seen exponential developments in the epigenetic understanding of lung cancer. Epigenetic alterations in DNA methylation, non-coding RNA expression, chromatin modeling and post transcriptional regulators are key events in each step of lung cancer pathogenesis. Here, we review the central role epigenetic disruptions play in lung cancer carcinogenesis and the acquisition of cancerous phenotype and aggressive behavior as well as in the resistance to therapy. Epigenetic disruptions could represent reliable biomarkers for lung cancer risk assessment, early diagnosis, prognosis stratification, molecular classification and prediction of treatment efficacy. The therapeutic potential of epigenetics targeted drugs in combination with chemotherapy, targeted therapy and/or immunotherapy is currently being intensively investigated. We suggest that integration of tissue-derived or circulating epigenetic biomarkers and epidrugs in clinical trial design will translate epigenetic knowledge of lung cancer into the clinic and improve lung cancer patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Duruisseaux
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC); Department of Respiratory Medecine, Hôpital Louis-Pradel, Hospices civils de Lyon, 28 avenue du Doyen Lépine, 69677, Lyon cedex, France.
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC); Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Sabari JK, Lok BH, Laird JH, Poirier JT, Rudin CM. Unravelling the biology of SCLC: implications for therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2017; 14:549-561. [PMID: 28534531 PMCID: PMC5843484 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy associated with a poor prognosis. First-line treatment has remained unchanged for decades, and a paucity of effective treatment options exists for recurrent disease. Nonetheless, advances in our understanding of SCLC biology have led to the development of novel experimental therapies. Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have shown promise in preclinical models, and are under clinical investigation in combination with cytotoxic therapies and inhibitors of cell-cycle checkpoints.Preclinical data indicate that targeting of histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2, a regulator of chromatin remodelling implicated in acquired therapeutic resistance, might augment and prolong chemotherapy responses. High expression of the inhibitory Notch ligand Delta-like protein 3 (DLL3) in most SCLCs has been linked to expression of Achaete-scute homologue 1 (ASCL1; also known as ASH-1), a key transcription factor driving SCLC oncogenesis; encouraging preclinical and clinical activity has been demonstrated for an anti-DLL3-antibody-drug conjugate. The immune microenvironment of SCLC seems to be distinct from that of other solid tumours, with few tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and low levels of the immune-checkpoint protein programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1). Nonetheless, immunotherapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors holds promise for patients with this disease, independent of PD-L1 status. Herein, we review the progress made in uncovering aspects of the biology of SCLC and its microenvironment that are defining new therapeutic strategies and offering renewed hope for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Sabari
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Benjamin H Lok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 East 66th Street, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - James H Laird
- New York University School of Medicine, 550 1st Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - John T Poirier
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
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43
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Hutchinson RA, Coleman HG, Gately K, Young V, Nicholson S, Cummins R, Kay E, Hynes SO, Dunne PD, Senevirathne S, Hamilton PW, McArt DG, Longley DB. IHC-based subcellular quantification provides new insights into prognostic relevance of FLIP and procaspase-8 in non-small-cell lung cancer. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17050. [PMID: 28904817 PMCID: PMC5594421 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed an image analysis algorithm for quantification of two potential apoptotic biomarkers in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): FLIP and procaspase-8. Immunohistochemical expression of FLIP and procaspase-8 in 184 NSCLC tumors were assessed. Individual patient cores were segmented and classified as tumor and stroma using the Definiens Tissue Studio. Subsequently, chromogenic expression of each biomarker was measured separately in the nucleus and cytoplasm and reported as a quantitative histological score. The software package pROC was applied to define biomarker thresholds. Cox proportional hazards analysis was applied to generate hazard ratios (HRs) and associated 95% CI for survival. High cytoplasmic expression of tumoral (but not stromal) FLIP was associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk of death in lung adenocarcinoma patients, even when adjusted for known confounders (HR 2.47, 95% CI 1.14–5.35). Neither nuclear nor cytoplasmic tumoral procaspase-8 expression was associated with overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients; however, there was a significant trend (P for trend=0.03) for patients with adenocarcinomas with both high cytoplasmic FLIP and high cytoplasmic procaspase-8 to have a multiplicative increased risk of death. Notably, high stromal nuclear procaspase-8 expression was associated with a reduced risk of death in lung adenocarcinoma patients (adjusted HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.15–0.66). On further examination, the cells with high nuclear procaspase-8 were found to be of lymphoid origin, suggesting that the better prognosis of patients with tumors with high stromal nuclear procaspase-8 is related to immune infiltration, a known favorable prognostic factor. No significant associations were detected in analysis of lung squamous cell carcinoma patients. Our results suggest that cytoplasmic expression of FLIP in the tumor and nuclear expression of procaspase-8 in the stroma are prognostically relevant in non-small-cell adenocarcinomas but not in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Hutchinson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Helen G Coleman
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Kathy Gately
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vincent Young
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Nicholson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert Cummins
- Department of Pathology, Education and Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elaine Kay
- Department of Pathology, Education and Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean O Hynes
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Philip D Dunne
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Seedevi Senevirathne
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Peter W Hamilton
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Darragh G McArt
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Daniel B Longley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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von Karstedt S, Montinaro A, Walczak H. Exploring the TRAILs less travelled: TRAIL in cancer biology and therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2017; 17:352-366. [PMID: 28536452 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that the tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) can induce apoptosis of cancer cells without causing toxicity in mice has led to the in-depth study of pro-apoptotic TRAIL receptor (TRAIL-R) signalling and the development of biotherapeutic drug candidates that activate TRAIL-Rs. The outcome of clinical trials with these TRAIL-R agonists has, however, been disappointing so far. Recent evidence indicates that many cancers, in addition to being TRAIL resistant, use the endogenous TRAIL-TRAIL-R system to their own advantage. However, novel insight on two fronts - how resistance of cancer cells to TRAIL-based pro-apoptotic therapies might be overcome, and how the pro-tumorigenic effects of endogenous TRAIL might be countered - gives reasonable hope that the TRAIL system can be harnessed to treat cancer. In this Review we assess the status quo of our understanding of the biology of the TRAIL-TRAIL-R system - as well as the gaps therein - and discuss the opportunities and challenges in effectively targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia von Karstedt
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Antonella Montinaro
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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Lee H, Shin CH, Kim HR, Choi KH, Kim HH. MicroRNA-296-5p Promotes Invasiveness through Downregulation of Nerve Growth Factor Receptor and Caspase-8. Mol Cells 2017; 40:254-261. [PMID: 27927008 PMCID: PMC5424271 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are very difficult to treat and their aggressiveness is one of the main reasons for this as well as for the frequent recurrences. MicroRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate their target genes through interaction between their seed sequence and 3'UTR of the target mRNAs. We previously reported that miR-296-3p is regulated by neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) and enhances the invasiveness of GBM cells via SOCS2/STAT3. In this study, we investigated whether miR-296-5p, which originates from the same precursor miRNA as miR-296-3p, can increase the invasiveness of GBM cells. It was observed that miR-296-5p potentiated the invasion of various GBM cells including LN229, T98G, and U87MG. Through bioinformatics approaches, two genes were identified as miR-296-5p targets: caspase-8 (CASP8) and nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR). From results obtained from Ago2 immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays, we found that miR-296-5p downregulates CASP8 and NGFR through direct interaction between seed sequence of the miRNA and 3'UTR of the target mRNA. Knockdown of CASP8 or NGFR also increased the invasive ability of GBM cells, indicating that CASP8 and NGFR are involved in potentiation of invasiveness by miR-296-5p. Consistent with our findings, CASP8 was downregulated in brain metastatic lung cancer cells, which have a high level of miR-296-5p, compared to parental cells, suggesting that miR-296-5p may be generally associated with the acquisition of invasiveness. Collectively, our results implicate miR-296-5p as a potential cause of invasiveness in cancer and suggest it as a promising therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351,
Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Shin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351,
Korea
| | - Hye Ree Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351,
Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351,
Korea
| | - Hyeon Ho Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351,
Korea
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351,
Korea
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46
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Teng Y, Dong YC, Liu Z, Zou Y, Xie H, Zhao Y, Su J, Cao F, Jin H, Ren H. DNA methylation-mediated caspase-8 downregulation is associated with anti-apoptotic activity and human malignant glioma grade. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:725-733. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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47
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Ansari J, Shackelford RE, El-Osta H. Epigenetics in non-small cell lung cancer: from basics to therapeutics. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2016; 5:155-71. [PMID: 27186511 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2016.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the number one cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with 221,200 estimated new cases and 158,040 estimated deaths in 2015. Approximately 80% of cases are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The diagnosis is usually made at an advanced stage where the prognosis is poor and therapeutic options are limited. The evolution of lung cancer is a multistep process involving genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factor interactions that result in the dysregulation of key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, culminating in activation of cancer-related signaling pathways. The past decade has witnessed the discovery of multiple molecular aberrations that drive lung cancer growth, among which are epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and translocations involving the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene. This has translated into therapeutic agent developments that target these molecular alterations. The absence of targetable mutations in 50% of NSCLC cases and targeted therapy resistance development underscores the importance for developing alternative therapeutic strategies for treating lung cancer. Among these strategies, pharmacologic modulation of the epigenome has been used to treat lung cancer. Epigenetics approaches may circumvent the problem of tumor heterogeneity by affecting the expression of multiple tumor suppression genes (TSGs), halting tumor growth and survival. Moreover, it may be effective for tumors that are not driven by currently recognized druggable mutations. This review summarizes the molecular pathology of lung cancer epigenetic aberrations and discusses current efforts to target the epigenome with different pharmacological approaches. Our main focus will be on hypomethylating agents, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, microRNA modulations, and the role of novel epigenetic biomarkers. Last, we will address the challenges that face this old-new strategy in treating lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Ansari
- 1 Department of Medicine, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health, Shreveport, LA, USA ; 2 Department of Pathology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Rodney E Shackelford
- 1 Department of Medicine, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health, Shreveport, LA, USA ; 2 Department of Pathology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Hazem El-Osta
- 1 Department of Medicine, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health, Shreveport, LA, USA ; 2 Department of Pathology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
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48
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Huang Y, Yang X, Xu T, Kong Q, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Wei Y, Wang G, Chang KJ. Overcoming resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in solid tumor cells by simultaneously targeting death receptors, c-FLIP and IAPs. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:153-63. [PMID: 27210546 PMCID: PMC4902065 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the TRAIL protein and its death receptors DR4/5 changed the horizon of cancer research because TRAIL specifically kills cancer cells. However, the validity of TRAIL-based cancer therapies has yet to be established, as most cancer cells are TRAIL-resistant. In this report, we demonstrate that TRAIL-resistance of many cancer cell lines can be overcome after siRNA- or rocaglamide-mediated downregulation of c-FLIP expression and simultaneous inhibition of IAPs activity using AT406, a pan-antagonist of IAPs. Combined triple actions of the TRAIL, the IAPs inhibitor, AT406, and the c-FLIP expression inhibitor, rocaglamide (ART), markedly improve TRAIL-induced apoptotic effects in most solid cancer cell lines through the activation of an extrinsic apoptosis pathway. Furthermore, this ART combination does not harm normal cells. Among the 18 TRAIL-resistant cancer cell lines used, 15 cell lines become sensitive or highly sensitive to ART, and two out of three glioma cell lines exhibit high resistance to ART treatment due to very low levels of procaspase-8. This study provides a rationale for the development of TRAIL-induced apoptosis-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Tianrui Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Qinghong Kong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yuehai Shen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yunlin Wei
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Guanlin Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Kwen-Jen Chang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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Leenen FAD, Vernocchi S, Hunewald OE, Schmitz S, Molitor AM, Muller CP, Turner JD. Where does transcription start? 5'-RACE adapted to next-generation sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:2628-45. [PMID: 26615195 PMCID: PMC4824077 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The variability and complexity of the transcription initiation process was examined by adapting RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of 5' cDNA ends (5'-RACE) to Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). We oligo-labelled 5'-m(7)G-capped mRNA from two genes, the simple mono-exonic Beta-2-Adrenoceptor (ADRB2R)and the complex multi-exonic Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR, NR3C1), and detected a variability in TSS location that has received little attention up to now. Transcription was not initiated at a fixed TSS, but from loci of 4 to 10 adjacent nucleotides. Individual TSSs had frequencies from <0.001% to 38.5% of the total gene-specific 5' m(7)G-capped transcripts. ADRB2R used a single locus consisting of 4 adjacent TSSs. Unstimulated, the GR used a total of 358 TSSs distributed throughout 38 loci, that were principally in the 5' UTRs and were spliced using established donor and acceptor sites. Complete demethylation of the epigenetically sensitive GR promoter with 5-azacytidine induced one new locus and 127 TSSs, 12 of which were unique. We induced GR transcription with dexamethasone and Interferon-γ, adding one new locus and 185 additional TSSs distributed throughout the promoter region. In-vitro the TSS microvariability regulated mRNA translation efficiency and the relative abundance of the different GRN-terminal protein isoform levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur A D Leenen
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-Sur-Alzette L-4354, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg Department of Immunology, Research Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Trier D-54290, Germany
| | - Sara Vernocchi
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-Sur-Alzette L-4354, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg Department of Immunology, Research Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Trier D-54290, Germany
| | - Oliver E Hunewald
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-Sur-Alzette L-4354, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Stephanie Schmitz
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-Sur-Alzette L-4354, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Anne M Molitor
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-Sur-Alzette L-4354, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Claude P Muller
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-Sur-Alzette L-4354, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg Department of Immunology, Research Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Trier D-54290, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Turner
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-Sur-Alzette L-4354, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg
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50
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Unusual roles of caspase-8 in triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2339-48. [PMID: 27082853 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a clinically aggressive form of breast cancer that is unresponsive to endocrine agents or trastuzumab. TNBC accounts for ~10-20% of all breast cancer cases and represents the form with the poorest prognosis. Patients with TNBC are at higher risk of early recurrence, mainly in the lungs, brain and soft tissue, therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapies. The present study was carried out in MDA-MB-231 cells, where we assessed the role of caspase-8 (casp-8), a critical effector of death receptors, also involved in non‑apoptotic functions. Analysis of casp-8 mRNA and protein levels indicated that they were up-regulated with respect to the normal human mammalian epithelial cells. We demonstrated that silencing of casp-8 by small interfering-RNA, strongly decreased MDA-MB-231 cell growth by delaying G0/G1- to S-phase transition and increasing p21, p27 and hypo-phosphorylated/active form of pRb levels. Surprisingly, casp-8-knockdown, also potently increased both the migratory and metastatic capacity of MDA-MB‑231 cells, as shown by both wound healing and Matrigel assay, and by the expression of a number of related-genes and/or proteins such as VEGFA, C-MYC, CTNNB1, HMGA2, CXCR4, KLF4, VERSICAN V1 and MMP2. Among these, KLF4, a transcriptional factor with a dual role (activator and repressor), seemed to play critical roles. We suggest that in MDA-MB‑231 cells, the endogenous expression of casp-8 might keep the cells perpetually cycling through downregulation of KLF4, the subsequent lowering of p21 and p27, and the inactivation by hyperphosphorylation of pRb. Simultaneously, by lowering the expression of some migratory and invasive genes, casp-8 might restrain the metastatic ability of the cells. Overall, our findings showed that, in MDA-MB-231 cells, casp-8 might play some unusual roles which should be better explored, in order to understand whether it might be identified as a molecular therapeutic target.
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