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Cani PD, Van Hul M. Gut microbiota in overweight and obesity: crosstalk with adipose tissue. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:164-183. [PMID: 38066102 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are characterized by excessive fat mass accumulation produced when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. One plausible way to control energy expenditure is to modulate thermogenic pathways in white adipose tissue (WAT) and/or brown adipose tissue (BAT). Among the different environmental factors capable of influencing host metabolism and energy balance, the gut microbiota is now considered a key player. Following pioneering studies showing that mice lacking gut microbes (that is, germ-free mice) or depleted of their gut microbiota (that is, using antibiotics) developed less adipose tissue, numerous studies have investigated the complex interactions existing between gut bacteria, some of their membrane components (that is, lipopolysaccharides), and their metabolites (that is, short-chain fatty acids, endocannabinoids, bile acids, aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands and tryptophan derivatives) as well as their contribution to the browning and/or beiging of WAT and changes in BAT activity. In this Review, we discuss the general physiology of both WAT and BAT. Subsequently, we introduce how gut bacteria and different microbiota-derived metabolites, their receptors and signalling pathways can regulate the development of adipose tissue and its metabolic capacities. Finally, we describe the key challenges in moving from bench to bedside by presenting specific key examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium.
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
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2
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Bilson J, Oquendo CJ, Read J, Scorletti E, Afolabi PR, Lord J, Bindels LB, Targher G, Mahajan S, Baralle D, Calder PC, Byrne CD, Sethi JK. Markers of adipose tissue fibrogenesis associate with clinically significant liver fibrosis and are unchanged by synbiotic treatment in patients with NAFLD. Metabolism 2024; 151:155759. [PMID: 38101770 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) dysfunction contributes to NAFLD pathogenesis and may be influenced by the gut microbiota. Whether transcript profiles of SAT are associated with liver fibrosis and are influenced by synbiotic treatment (that changes the gut microbiome) is unknown. We investigated: (a) whether the presence of clinically significant, ≥F2 liver fibrosis associated with adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, differential gene expression in SAT, and/or a marker of tissue fibrosis (Composite collagen gene expression (CCGE)); and (b) whether synbiotic treatment modified markers of AT dysfunction and the SAT transcriptome. METHODS Sixty-two patients with NAFLD (60 % men) were studied before and after 12 months of treatment with synbiotic or placebo and provided SAT samples. Vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE)-validated thresholds were used to assess liver fibrosis. RNA-sequencing and histological analysis of SAT were performed to determine differential gene expression, CCGE and the presence of collagen fibres. Regression modelling and receiver operator characteristic curve analysis were used to test associations with, and risk prediction for, ≥F2 liver fibrosis. RESULTS Patients with ≥F2 liver fibrosis (n = 24) had altered markers of AT dysfunction and a SAT gene expression signature characterised by enrichment of inflammatory and extracellular matrix-associated genes, compared to those with CONCLUSION A differential gene expression signature in SAT associates with ≥F2 liver fibrosis is explained by a measure of systemic insulin resistance and is not changed by synbiotic treatment. SAT CCGE values are a good predictor of ≥F2 liver fibrosis in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Bilson
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Carolina J Oquendo
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - James Read
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Eleonora Scorletti
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Division of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul R Afolabi
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jenny Lord
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UC Louvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Welbio department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy; Metabolic Diseases Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | - Sumeet Mahajan
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Diana Baralle
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
| | - Jaswinder K Sethi
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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3
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Kar A, Alvarez M, Garske KM, Huang H, Lee SHT, Deal M, Das SS, Koka A, Jamal Z, Mohlke KL, Laakso M, Heinonen S, Pietiläinen KH, Pajukanta P. Age-dependent genes in adipose stem and precursor cells affect regulation of fat cell differentiation and link aging to obesity via cellular and genetic interactions. Genome Med 2024; 16:19. [PMID: 38297378 PMCID: PMC10829214 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age and obesity are dominant risk factors for several common cardiometabolic disorders, and both are known to impair adipose tissue function. However, the underlying cellular and genetic factors linking aging and obesity on adipose tissue function have remained elusive. Adipose stem and precursor cells (ASPCs) are an understudied, yet crucial adipose cell type due to their deterministic adipocyte differentiation potential, which impacts the capacity to store fat in a metabolically healthy manner. METHODS We integrated subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) bulk (n=435) and large single-nucleus RNA sequencing (n=105) data with the UK Biobank (UKB) (n=391,701) data to study age-obesity interactions originating from ASPCs by performing cell-type decomposition, differential expression testing, cell-cell communication analyses, and construction of polygenic risk scores for body mass index (BMI). RESULTS We found that the SAT ASPC proportions significantly decrease with age in an obesity-dependent way consistently in two independent cohorts, both showing that the age dependency of ASPC proportions is abolished by obesity. We further identified 76 genes (72 SAT ASPC marker genes and 4 transcription factors regulating ASPC marker genes) that are differentially expressed by age in SAT and functionally enriched for developmental processes and adipocyte differentiation (i.e., adipogenesis). The 76 age-perturbed ASPC genes include multiple negative regulators of adipogenesis, such as RORA, SMAD3, TWIST2, and ZNF521, form tight clusters of longitudinally co-expressed genes during human adipogenesis, and show age-based differences in cellular interactions between ASPCs and adipose cell types. Finally, our genetic data demonstrate that cis-regional variants of these genes interact with age as predictors of BMI in an obesity-dependent way in the large UKB, while no such gene-age interaction on BMI is observed with non-age-dependent ASPC marker genes, thus independently confirming our cellular ASPC results at the biobank level. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we discover that obesity prematurely induces a decrease in ASPC proportions and identify 76 developmentally important ASPC genes that implicate altered negative regulation of fat cell differentiation as a mechanism for aging and directly link aging to obesity via significant cellular and genetic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Kar
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Gonda Center, Room 6357B, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7088, USA
| | - Marcus Alvarez
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Gonda Center, Room 6357B, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7088, USA
| | - Kristina M Garske
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Gonda Center, Room 6357B, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7088, USA
| | - Huiling Huang
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Gonda Center, Room 6357B, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7088, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Seung Hyuk T Lee
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Gonda Center, Room 6357B, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7088, USA
| | - Milena Deal
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Gonda Center, Room 6357B, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7088, USA
| | - Sankha Subhra Das
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Gonda Center, Room 6357B, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7088, USA
| | - Amogha Koka
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Gonda Center, Room 6357B, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7088, USA
| | - Zoeb Jamal
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Gonda Center, Room 6357B, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7088, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sini Heinonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HealthyWeightHub, Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Gonda Center, Room 6357B, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7088, USA.
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
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Liu W, Liu T, Zhao Q, Ma J, Jiang J, Shi H. Adipose Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Strategy for Metabolic Disorders. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:9517826. [PMID: 38169960 PMCID: PMC10761228 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9517826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays an important role in systemic energy metabolism, and its dysfunction can lead to severe metabolic disorders. Various cells in adipose tissue communicate with each other to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as novel medium for remote intercellular communication by transferring various bioactive molecules from parental cells to distant target cells. Increasing evidence suggests that the endocrine functions of adipose tissue and even the metabolic homeostasis are largely affected by different cell-derived EVs, such as insulin signaling, lipolysis, and metabolically triggered inflammation regulations. Here, we provide an overview focused on the role of EVs released by different cell types of adipose tissue in metabolic diseases and their possible molecular mechanisms and highlight the potential applications of EVs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Moreover, the current EVs-based therapeutic strategies have also been discussed. This trial is registered with NCT05475418.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on sEVs Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianyan Liu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junqiu Ma
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajia Jiang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on sEVs Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
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5
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Liu G, Wang Y, Pan Y, Tian L, Choi MH, Wang L, Kim JY, Zhang J, Cheng SH, Zhang L. Hypertonicity induces mitochondrial extracellular vesicles (MEVs) that activate TNF-α and β-catenin signaling to promote adipocyte dedifferentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:333. [PMID: 38115136 PMCID: PMC10731851 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies demonstrated that elevated osmolarity could induce adipocyte dedifferentiation, representing an appealing procedure to generate multipotent stem cells. Here we aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underlie osmotic induction of adipocyte reprogramming. METHODS To induce dedifferentiation, the 3T3-L1 or SVF adipocytes were cultured under the hypertonic pressure in 2% PEG 300 medium. Adipocyte dedifferentiation was monitored by aspect ratio measurement, Oil Red staining and qPCR to examine the morphology, lipid droplets, and specific genes of adipocytes, respectively. The osteogenic and chondrogenic re-differentiation capacities of dedifferentiated adipocytes were also examined. To investigate the mechanisms of the osmotic stress-induced dedifferentiation, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were collected from the reprograming cells, followed by proteomic and functional analyses. In addition, qPCR, ELISA, and TNF-α neutralizing antibody (20 ng/ml) was applied to examine the activation and effects of the TNF-α signaling. Furthermore, we also analyzed the Wnt signaling by assessing the activation of β-catenin and applying BML-284, an agonist of β-catenin. RESULTS Hypertonic treatment induced dedifferentiation of both 3T3-L1 and the primary stromal vascular fraction (SVF) adipocytes, characterized by morphological and functional changes. Proteomic profiling revealed that hypertonicity induced extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing mitochondrial molecules including NDUFA9 and VDAC. Functionally, the mitochondrial EVs (MEVs) stimulated TNF-α signaling that activates Wnt-β-catenin signaling and adipocyte dedifferentiation. Neutralizing TNF-α inhibited hypertonic dedifferentiation of adipocytes. In addition, direct activation of Wnt-β-catenin signaling using BML-284 could efficiently induce adipocyte dedifferentiation while circumventing the apoptotic effect of the hypertonic treatment. CONCLUSIONS Hypertonicity prompts the adipocytes to release MEVs, which in turn enhances the secretion of TNF-α as a pro-inflammatory cytokine during the stress response. Importantly, TNF-α is essential for the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling that drives adipocyte dedifferentiation. A caveat of the hypertonic treatment is apoptosis, which could be circumvented by direct activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling using BML-284.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yilin Pan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ming Ho Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shuk Han Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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Bailin SS, Kropski JA, Gangula RD, Hannah L, Simmons JD, Mashayekhi M, Ye F, Fan R, Mallal S, Warren CM, Kalams SA, Gabriel CL, Wanjalla CN, Koethe JR. Changes in subcutaneous white adipose tissue cellular composition and molecular programs underlie glucose intolerance in persons with HIV. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1152003. [PMID: 37711619 PMCID: PMC10499182 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is a critical regulator of systemic metabolic homeostasis. Persons with HIV (PWH) have an increased risk of metabolic diseases and significant alterations in the SAT immune environment compared with the general population. Methods We generated a comprehensive single-cell multi-omic SAT atlas to characterize cellular compositional and transcriptional changes in 59 PWH across a spectrum of metabolic health. Results Glucose intolerance was associated with increased lipid-associated macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T effector memory cells, and decreased perivascular macrophages. We observed a coordinated intercellular regulatory program which enriched for genes related to inflammation and lipid-processing across multiple cell types as glucose intolerance increased. Increased CD4+ effector memory tissue-resident cells most strongly associated with altered expression of adipocyte genes critical for lipid metabolism and cellular regulation. Intercellular communication analysis demonstrated enhanced pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic signaling between immune cells and stromal cells in PWH with glucose intolerance compared with non-diabetic PWH. Lastly, while cell type-specific gene expression among PWH with diabetes was globally similar to HIV-negative individuals with diabetes, we observed substantially divergent intercellular communication pathways. Discussion These findings suggest a central role of tissue-resident immune cells in regulating SAT inflammation among PWH with metabolic disease, and underscore unique mechanisms that may converge to promote metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Bailin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Kropski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
- Deparment of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rama D. Gangula
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - LaToya Hannah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Joshua D. Simmons
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Mona Mashayekhi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Biostatics, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Run Fan
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Simon Mallal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Insitute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Vanderbilt Technologies for Advanced Genomics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Christian M. Warren
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Spyros A. Kalams
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Curtis L. Gabriel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Celestine N. Wanjalla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John R. Koethe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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7
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Shaik Mohamed Sayed UF, Moshawih S, Goh HP, Kifli N, Gupta G, Singh SK, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Hermansyah A, Ser HL, Ming LC, Goh BH. Natural products as novel anti-obesity agents: insights into mechanisms of action and potential for therapeutic management. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1182937. [PMID: 37408757 PMCID: PMC10318930 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1182937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects more than 10% of the adult population globally. Despite the introduction of diverse medications aimed at combating fat accumulation and obesity, a significant number of these pharmaceutical interventions are linked to substantial occurrences of severe adverse events, occasionally leading to their withdrawal from the market. Natural products serve as attractive sources for anti-obesity agents as many of them can alter the host metabolic processes and maintain glucose homeostasis via metabolic and thermogenic stimulation, appetite regulation, pancreatic lipase and amylase inhibition, insulin sensitivity enhancing, adipogenesis inhibition and adipocyte apoptosis induction. In this review, we shed light on the biological processes that control energy balance and thermogenesis as well as metabolic pathways in white adipose tissue browning, we also highlight the anti-obesity potential of natural products with their mechanism of action. Based on previous findings, the crucial proteins and molecular pathways involved in adipose tissue browning and lipolysis induction are uncoupling protein-1, PR domain containing 16, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in addition to Sirtuin-1 and AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. Given that some phytochemicals can also lower proinflammatory substances like TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 secreted from adipose tissue and change the production of adipokines like leptin and adiponectin, which are important regulators of body weight, natural products represent a treasure trove for anti-obesity agents. In conclusion, conducting comprehensive research on natural products holds the potential to accelerate the development of an improved obesity management strategy characterized by heightened efficacy and reduced incidence of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Said Moshawih
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Hui Poh Goh
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Nurolaini Kifli
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Andi Hermansyah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas AirlanggaSurabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hooi Leng Ser
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas AirlanggaSurabaya, Indonesia
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Das A, Pathak MP, Pathak K, Saikia R, Gogoi U. Herbal medicine for the treatment of obesity-associated asthma: a comprehensive review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1186060. [PMID: 37251328 PMCID: PMC10213975 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1186060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is fast growing as a global pandemic and is associated with numerous comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, gastroesophageal reflux disease, sleep disorders, nephropathy, neuropathy, as well as asthma. Studies stated that obese asthmatic subjects suffer from an increased risk of asthma, and encounter severe symptoms due to a number of pathophysiology. It is very vital to understand the copious relationship between obesity and asthma, however, a clear and pinpoint pathogenesis underlying the association between obesity and asthma is scarce. There is a plethora of obesity-asthma etiologies reported viz., increased circulating pro-inflammatory adipokines like leptin, resistin, and decreased anti-inflammatory adipokines like adiponectin, depletion of ROS controller Nrf2/HO-1 axis, nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) associated macrophage polarization, hypertrophy of WAT, activation of Notch signaling pathway, and dysregulated melanocortin pathway reported, however, there is a very limited number of reports that interrelates these pathophysiologies. Due to the underlying complex pathophysiologies exaggerated by obese conditions, obese asthmatics respond poorly to anti-asthmatic drugs. The poor response towards anti-asthmatic drugs may be due to the anti-asthmatics approach only that ignores the anti-obesity target. So, aiming only at the conventional anti-asthmatic targets in obese-asthmatics may prove to be futile until and unless treatment is directed towards ameliorating obesity pathogenesis for a holistic approach towards amelioration of obesity-associated asthma. Herbal medicines for obesity as well as obesity-associated comorbidities are fast becoming safer and more effective alternatives to conventional drugs due to their multitargeted approach with fewer adverse effects. Although, herbal medicines are widely used for obesity-associated comorbidities, however, a limited number of herbal medicines have been scientifically validated and reported against obesity-associated asthma. Notable among them are quercetin, curcumin, geraniol, resveratrol, β-Caryophyllene, celastrol, tomatidine to name a few. In view of this, there is a dire need for a comprehensive review that may summarize the role of bioactive phytoconstituents from different sources like plants, marine as well as essential oils in terms of their therapeutic mechanisms. So, this review aims to critically discuss the therapeutic role of herbal medicine in the form of bioactive phytoconstituents against obesity-associated asthma available in the scientific literature to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparoop Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Manash Pratim Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Kalyani Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Riya Saikia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Urvashee Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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9
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Ademola SA, Bamikole OJ, Amodu OK. Is TNF alpha a mediator in the co-existence of malaria and type 2 diabetes in a malaria endemic population? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1028303. [PMID: 37215099 PMCID: PMC10196125 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1028303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a disease of public health importance globally, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria deaths reduced globally steadily between 2000-2019, however there was a 10% increase in 2020 due to disruptions in medical service during the COVID-19 pandemic. Globally, about 96% of malaria deaths occurred in 29 countries; out of which, four countries (Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Niger, and the United Republic of Tanzania) accounted for just over half of the malaria deaths. Nigeria leads the four countries with the highest malaria deaths (accounting for 31% globally). Parallelly, sub-Saharan Africa is faced with a rise in the incidence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Until recently, T2D was a disease of adulthood and old age. However, this is changing as T2D in children and adolescents is becoming an increasingly important public health problem. Nigeria has been reported to have the highest burden of diabetes in Africa with a prevalence of 5.77% in the country. Several studies conducted in the last decade investigating the interaction between malaria and T2D in developing countries have led to the emergence of the intra-uterine hypothesis. The hypothesis has arisen as a possible explanation for the rise of T2D in malaria endemic areas; malaria in pregnancy could lead to intra-uterine stress which could contribute to low birth weight and may be a potential cause of T2D later in life. Hence, previous, and continuous exposure to malaria infection leads to a higher risk of T2D. Current and emerging evidence suggests that an inflammation-mediated link exists between malaria and eventual T2D emergence. The inflammatory process thus, is an important link for the co-existence of malaria and T2D because these two diseases are inflammatory-related. A key feature of T2D is systemic inflammation, characterized by the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) which leads to impaired insulin signaling. Malaria infection is an inflammatory disease in which TNF-α also plays a major role. TNF-α plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of malaria and T2D. We therefore hypothesize that TNF-α is an important link in the increasing co-existence of T2D.
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Kim IK, Song BW, Lim S, Kim SW, Lee S. The Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue-Derived MicroRNAs in the Regulation of Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040498. [PMID: 37106699 PMCID: PMC10135702 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have been leading cause of death worldwide for many decades, and obesity has been acknowledged as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In the present review, human epicardial adipose tissue-derived miRNAs reported to be differentially expressed under pathologic conditions are discussed and summarized. The results of the literature review indicate that some of the epicardial adipose tissue-derived miRNAs are believed to be cardioprotective, while some others show quite the opposite effects depending on the underlying pathologic conditions. Furthermore, they suggest that that the epicardial adipose tissue-derived miRNAs have great potential as both a diagnostic and therapeutic modality. Nevertheless, mainly due to highly limited availability of human samples, it is very difficult to make any generalized claims on a given miRNA in terms of its overall impact on the cardiovascular system. Therefore, further functional investigation of a given miRNA including, but not limited to, the study of its dose effect, off-target effects, and potential toxicity is required. We hope that this review can provide novel insights to transform our current knowledge on epicardial adipose tissue-derived miRNAs into clinically viable therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Kwon Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea
- International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Wook Song
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea
- International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Lim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea
- International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea
- International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Seahyoung Lee
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea
- International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Li J, Sun Y, Xue C, Yang X, Duan Y, Zhao D, Han J. Nogo-B deficiency suppresses white adipogenesis by regulating β-catenin signaling. Life Sci 2023; 321:121571. [PMID: 36931495 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity is a global epidemic around the world. Reticulon-4B (Nogo-B) is an endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein. Our previous work demonstrated that Nogo-B deficiency inhibited obesity and decreased the size of white adipocytes. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of Nogo-B in white adipogenesis remains poorly understood. This study aims to explore the effect of Nogo-B in white adipogenesis, as well as its underlying molecular mechanisms. MAIN METHODS AND FINDINGS The study adopted mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to induce white adipogenesis and investigate the effect of Nogo-B on adipogenesis using qRT-PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, lipid quantification, and Oil Red O staining. During white adipogenesis, Nogo-B expression was increased accompanied by upregulation of adipogenic markers. In contrast, Nogo-B deficiency inhibited white adipocyte markers expression and lipid accumulation. Furthermore, the mechanism study showed that Nogo-B deficiency decreased the destruction complex [AXIN1-APC-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)] levels through activating protein kinase B 2 (AKT2), resulting in β-catenin translocating into the nucleus and inhibiting the expression of adipogenic markers. Moreover, Nogo-B deficiency promoted the expression of brown/beige adipocytes markers while improving mitochondrial thermogenesis by activating β-catenin pathway. In addition, Nogo-B deficiency reduced the levels of inflammatory molecules during white adipogenic differentiation. SIGNIFICANCE This study revealed that Nogo-B deficiency inhibited white adipogenesis through AKT2/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. Meanwhile, Nogo-B deficiency increased the expression of brown/beige adipocyte markers and promoted mitochondrial thermogenesis. In addition, Nogo-B deficiency reduced inflammatory cytokine levels caused by adipogenesis. Collectively, blocking Nogo-B expression may be a potential strategy to suppress white adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuyao Sun
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Xue
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Jihong Han
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
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12
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Matz AJ, Qu L, Karlinsey K, Vella AT, Zhou B. Capturing the multifaceted function of adipose tissue macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1148188. [PMID: 36875144 PMCID: PMC9977801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) bolster obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction and represent a targetable population to lessen obesity-associated health risks. However, ATMs also facilitate adipose tissue function through multiple actions, including adipocyte clearance, lipid scavenging and metabolism, extracellular remodeling, and supporting angiogenesis and adipogenesis. Thus, high-resolution methods are needed to capture macrophages' dynamic and multifaceted functions in adipose tissue. Herein, we review current knowledge on regulatory networks critical to macrophage plasticity and their multifaceted response in the complex adipose tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J. Matz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Lili Qu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Keaton Karlinsey
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Anthony T. Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States
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Song Z, Liu N, He Y, Chen J, Li J, Wang F, Wu Z. Knockout of ICAT in Adipose Tissue Alleviates Fibro-inflammation in Obese Mice. Inflammation 2023; 46:404-417. [PMID: 36181623 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The E2 promoter binding factor 1 (E2F1) and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling are crucial in regulating metabolic homeostasis including obesity. The β-catenin interacting protein 1 (CTNNBIP1), also known as the inhibitor of β-catenin and TCF4 (ICAT), is required for E2F1 to inhibit the activity of β-catenin. However, the role of ICAT in E2F1 regulating obesity-related metabolic disorders remains unknown. In the present study, male adipose tissue-specific ICAT knockout (ICATadi-/-) C57BL/6 J mice and control littermates aged 6-8 weeks were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to explore the effect of ICAT on lipid metabolism and obesity-related disorders. Results showed that the adipose tissue-specific ICAT knockout had negligible effect on lipid metabolism, reflected by no difference in body weight, fat mass, and the expression of proteins involved in lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue (WAT) and the liver between the ICATadi-/- mice and the control littermate (ICATfl/fl) mice. However, the knockout of ICAT reduced inflammatory response in WAT and the liver. Additionally, Sirius red staining results showed that deletion of ICAT attenuated fibrosis and reduced mRNA levels of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1), matrix metallopeptidase 2 (Mmp2), Mmp3, and collagen, type V, alpha 1 (Col5a1) in WAT and the liver. These results suggested that knockout of ICAT improved the metabolic abnormalities of obese mice through attenuating adipose tissue and the liver inflammation as well as fibrosis. Our findings may provide a new insight to understand the role of ICAT in inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Song
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingqing Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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14
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Choi M, Kwon H, Pak Y. Caveolin-2 in association with nuclear lamina controls adipocyte hypertrophy. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22745. [PMID: 36637913 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201028rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, we identify that Caveolin-2 (Cav-2), an integral membrane protein, controls adipocyte hypertrophy in association with nuclear lamina. In the hypertrophy stage of adipogenesis, pY19-Cav-2 association with lamin A/C facilitated the disengagement of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) from lamin A/C and repressed Cav-2 promoter at the nuclear periphery for epigenetic activation of Cav-2, and thereby promoted C/EBPα and PPARγ-induced adipocyte hypertrophy. Stable expression of Cav-2 was required and retained by phosphorylation, deubiquitination, and association with lamin A/C for the adipocyte hypertrophy. However, obese adipocytes exhibited augmented Cav-2 stability resulting from the up-regulation of lamin A/C over lamin B1, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), and nuclear deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), Uchl5. Our findings show a novel epigenetic regulatory mechanism of adipocyte hypertrophy by Cav-2 at the nuclear periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonjeong Choi
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hayeong Kwon
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Yunbae Pak
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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15
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Kologrivova IV, Naryzhnaya NV, Koshelskaya OA, Suslova TE, Kravchenko ES, Kharitonova OA, Evtushenko VV, Boshchenko AA. Association of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Adipocytes Hypertrophy with Biomarkers of Low-Grade Inflammation and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020241. [PMID: 36830779 PMCID: PMC9953115 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the morphological features of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) adipocyte with the circulating inflammatory biomarkers and parameters of extracellular matrix remodeling in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We recruited 42 patients with CAD (m/f 28/14) who were scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). EAT adipocytes were obtained by the enzymatic method from intraoperative adipose tissue samples. Concentrations of secreted and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (sPLA2 and LpPLA2), TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), MMP-2, C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) were measured in blood serum. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1-with mean EAT adipocytes' size ≤ 87.32 μm; group 2-with mean EAT adipocytes' size > 87.32 μm. Patients of group 2 had higher concentrations of triglycerides, hsCRP, TNF-α, and sPLA2 and a lower concentration of CTX-I. A multiple logistic regression model was created (RN2 = 0.43, p = 0.0013). Concentrations of TNF-α, sPLA2 and CTX-I appeared to be independent determinants of the EAT adipocyte hypertrophy. ROC analysis revealed the 78% accuracy, 71% sensitivity, and 85% specificity of the model, AUC = 0.82. According to our results, chronic low-grade inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling are closely associated with the development of hypertrophy of EAT adipocytes, with serum concentrations of TNF-α, sPLA2 and CTX-I being the key predictors, describing the variability of epicardial adipocytes' size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Kologrivova
- Correspondence: (I.V.K.); (N.V.N.); Tel.: +79-131-053-869 (I.V.K.); +79-039-542-139 (N.V.N.)
| | - Natalia V. Naryzhnaya
- Correspondence: (I.V.K.); (N.V.N.); Tel.: +79-131-053-869 (I.V.K.); +79-039-542-139 (N.V.N.)
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16
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Oki S, Kageyama S, Machihara K, Namba T. Kuanoniamine C Suppresses Adipogenesis and White Adipose Tissue Expansion by Modulating Mitochondrial Function. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1787-1796. [PMID: 38044097 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat to adipose tissue, which is related to abnormal increasing white adipose tissue (WAT) in the body, and it upregulates the risk of multiple diseases. Here, kuanoniamine C, which is a pyridoacridine alkaloid, suppressed the differentiation of pre-adipose cells into white adipocytes via the modulation of mitochondrial function, and inhibited WAT expansion in the early phase of high-fat-diet-induced obesity model. Pharmacological analysis revealed that inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory complex II, which new target of kuanoniamine C, activated reactive oxygen species (ROS)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-β-catenin signaling, and this signaling was antagonized by insulin-, IBMX-, and dexamethasone-induced adipogenesis. Therefore, the kuanoniamine C might prevent abnormal WAT expansion even when eating a diet that is not calorie restricted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Oki
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Kochi University
- Department of Marine Resource Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University
| | - Sou Kageyama
- Department of Marine Resource Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University
| | - Kayo Machihara
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Kochi University
| | - Takushi Namba
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Kochi University
- Department of Marine Resource Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University
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17
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Moustafa S, Kassela K, Bampali M, Dovrolis N, Kakkanas A, Beloukas A, Mavromara P, Karakasiliotis I. Hepatitis C Core Protein Induces a Genotype-Specific Susceptibility of Hepatocytes to TNF-Induced Death In Vitro and In Vivo. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112521. [PMID: 36423130 PMCID: PMC9692671 DOI: 10.3390/v14112521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein is a multifunctional protein that is involved in the proliferation, inflammation, and apoptosis mechanism of hepatocytes. HCV core protein genetic variability has been implicated in various outcomes of HCV pathology and treatment. In the present study, we aimed to analyze the role of the HCV core protein in tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced death under the viewpoint of HCV genetic variability. Immortalized hepatocytes (IHH), and not the Huh 7.5 hepatoma cell line, stably expressing HCV subtype 4a and HCV subtype 4f core proteins showed that only the HCV 4a core protein could increase sensitivity to TNFα-induced death. Development of two transgenic mice expressing the two different core proteins under the liver-specific promoter of transthyretin (TTR) allowed for the in vivo assessment of the role of the core in TNFα-induced death. Using the TNFα-dependent model of lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine (LPS/Dgal), we were able to recapitulate the in vitro results in IHH cells in vivo. Transgenic mice expressing the HCV 4a core protein were more susceptible to the LPS/Dgal model, while mice expressing the HCV 4f core protein had the same susceptibility as their littermate controls. Transcriptome analysis in liver biopsies from these transgenic mice gave insights into HCV core molecular pathogenesis while linking HCV core protein genetic variability to differential pathology in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savvina Moustafa
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Kassela
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Bampali
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolas Dovrolis
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Athanassios Kakkanas
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Beloukas
- National AIDS Reference Center of Southern Greece, Department of Public Health Policy, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Penelope Mavromara
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioannis Karakasiliotis
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Correspondence:
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18
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Mathur N, Severinsen MCK, Jensen ME, Naver L, Schrölkamp M, Laye MJ, Watt MJ, Nielsen S, Krogh-Madsen R, Pedersen BK, Scheele C. Human visceral and subcutaneous adipose stem and progenitor cells retain depot-specific adipogenic properties during obesity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:983899. [PMID: 36340033 PMCID: PMC9629396 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.983899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal obesity associates with cardiometabolic disease and an accumulation of lipids in the visceral adipose depot, whereas lipid accumulation in the subcutaneous depot is more benign. We aimed to further investigate whether the adipogenic properties where cell-intrinsic, or dependent on a depot-specific or obesity-produced microenvironment. We obtained visceral and subcutaneous biopsies from non-obese women (n = 14) or women living with morbid obesity (n = 14) and isolated adipose stem and progenitor cells (ASPCs) from the stromal vascular fraction of non-obese (n = 13) and obese (n = 13). Following in vitro differentiation into mature adipocytes, we observed a contrasting pattern with a lower gene expression of adipogenic markers and a higher gene expression of immunogenic markers in the visceral compared to the subcutaneous adipocytes. We identified the immunogenic factor BST2 as a marker for visceral ASPCs. The effect of obesity and insulin resistance on adipogenic and immunogenic markers in the in vitro differentiated cells was minor. In contrast, differentiation with exogenous Tumor necrosis factor resulted in increased immunogenic signatures, including increased expression of BST2, and decreased adipogenic signatures in cells from both depots. Our data, from 26 women, underscore the intrinsic differences between human visceral and subcutaneous adipose stem and progenitor cells, suggest that dysregulation of adipocytes in obesity mainly occurs at a post-progenitor stage, and highlight an inflammatory microenvironment as a major constraint of human adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Mathur
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Neha Mathur, ; Mai C. K. Severinsen, ; Camilla Scheele,
| | - Mai C. K. Severinsen
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Neha Mathur, ; Mai C. K. Severinsen, ; Camilla Scheele,
| | - Mette E. Jensen
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Naver
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Maren Schrölkamp
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew J. Laye
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew J. Watt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Søren Nielsen
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Krogh-Madsen
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Scheele
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Neha Mathur, ; Mai C. K. Severinsen, ; Camilla Scheele,
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19
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Das R, Giri J, K Paul P, Froelich N, Chinnadurai R, McCoy S, Bushman W, Galipeau J. A STAT5-Smad3 dyad regulates adipogenic plasticity of visceral adipose mesenchymal stromal cells during chronic inflammation. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:41. [PMID: 36045134 PMCID: PMC9433418 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenic differentiation of visceral adipose tissue-resident multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (VA-MSC) into adipocytes is metabolically protective. Under chronic inflammatory stress, this neoadipogenesis process is suppressed by various pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. However, the underlying mechanism(s) regulating VA-MSC plasticity remains largely unexplored. Using an adipogenic differentiation screen, we identified IFNγ and TGFβ as key inhibitors of primary human VA-MSC differentiation. Further studies using human and mouse VA-MSCs and a chronic high-fat diet-fed murine model revealed that IFNγ/JAK2-activated STAT5 transcription factor is a central regulator of VA-MSC differentiation under chronic inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, our results indicate that under such conditions, IFNγ-activated STAT5 and TGFβ-activated Smad3 physically interact via Smad4. This STAT5-Smad4-Smad3 complex plays a crucial role in preventing the early adipogenic commitment of VA-MSCs by suppressing key pro-adipogenic transcription factors, including CEBPδ, CEBPα, and PPARγ. Genetic or pharmacological disruption of IFNγ-TGFβ synergy by inhibiting either STAT5 or Smad3 rescued adipogenesis under chronic inflammatory stress. Overall, our study delineates a central mechanism of MSC plasticity regulation by the convergence of multiple inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Das
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jayeeta Giri
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Pradyut K Paul
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Nicole Froelich
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- School of Medicine, Mercer University, Savannah, GA, 31404, USA
| | - Sara McCoy
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Wade Bushman
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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20
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Fisk HL, Childs CE, Miles EA, Ayres R, Noakes PS, Paras-Chavez C, Antoun E, Lillycrop KA, Calder PC. Dysregulation of Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue Inflammatory Environment Modelling in Non-Insulin Resistant Obesity and Responses to Omega-3 Fatty Acids – A Double Blind, Randomised Clinical Trial. Front Immunol 2022; 13:922654. [PMID: 35958557 PMCID: PMC9358040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.922654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with enhanced lipid accumulation and the expansion of adipose tissue accompanied by hypoxia and inflammatory signalling. Investigation in human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) in people living with obesity in which metabolic complications such as insulin resistance are yet to manifest is limited, and the mechanisms by which these processes are dysregulated are not well elucidated. Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) have been shown to modulate the expression of genes associated with lipid accumulation and collagen deposition and reduce the number of inflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue from individuals with insulin resistance. Therefore, these lipids may have positive actions on obesity associated scWAT hypertrophy and inflammation. Methods To evaluate obesity-associated tissue remodelling and responses to LC n-3 PUFAs, abdominal scWAT biopsies were collected from normal weight individuals and those living with obesity prior to and following 12-week intervention with marine LC n-3 PUFAs (1.1 g EPA + 0.8 g DHA daily). RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, and histochemical staining were used to assess remodelling- and inflammatory-associated gene expression, tissue morphology and macrophage infiltration. Results Obesity was associated with scWAT hypertrophy (P < 0.001), hypoxia, remodelling, and inflammatory macrophage infiltration (P = 0.023). Furthermore, we highlight the novel dysregulation of Wnt signalling in scWAT in non-insulin resistant obesity. LC n-3 PUFAs beneficially modulated the scWAT environment through downregulating the expression of genes associated with inflammatory and remodelling pathways (P <0.001), but there were altered outcomes in individuals living with obesity in comparison to normal weight individuals. Conclusion Our data identify dysregulation of Wnt signalling, hypoxia, and hypertrophy, and enhanced macrophage infiltration in scWAT in non-insulin resistant obesity. LC n-3 PUFAs modulate some of these processes, especially in normal weight individuals which may be preventative and limit the development of restrictive and inflammatory scWAT in the development of obesity. We conclude that a higher dose or longer duration of LC n-3 PUFA intervention may be needed to reduce obesity-associated scWAT inflammation and promote tissue homeostasis. Clinical Trial Registration www.isrctn.com, identifier ISRCTN96712688.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena L Fisk
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline E Childs
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Miles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Ayres
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S Noakes
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Freemantle, WA, Australia
| | | | - Elie Antoun
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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21
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Molecular Mechanisms of Changes in Homeostasis of the Dermal Extracellular Matrix: Both Involutional and Mediated by Ultraviolet Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126655. [PMID: 35743097 PMCID: PMC9223561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is a multi-factorial process that affects nearly every aspect of skin biology and function. With age, an impairment of structures, quality characteristics, and functions of the dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) occurs in the skin, which leads to disrupted functioning of dermal fibroblasts (DFs), the main cells supporting morphofunctional organization of the skin. The DF functioning directly depends on the state of the surrounding collagen matrix (CM). The intact collagen matrix ensures proper adhesion and mechanical tension in DFs, which allows these cells to maintain collagen homeostasis while ECM correctly regulates cellular processes. When the integrity of CM is destroyed, mechanotransduction is disrupted, which is accompanied by impairment of DF functioning and destruction of collagen homeostasis, thereby contributing to the progression of aging processes in skin tissues. This article considers in detail the processes of skin aging and associated changes in the skin layers, as well as the mechanisms of these processes at the molecular level.
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22
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a multi-system disease influenced by ageing and sex, and affected by adipose tissue and intestinal function. Proc Nutr Soc 2022; 81:146-161. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665121003815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a wealth of factors are associated with increased risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and NAFLD is now thought to increase the risk of multiple extra-hepatic diseases. The aim of this review is first to focus on the role of ageing and sex as key, poorly understood risk factors in the development and progression of NAFLD. Secondly, we aim to discuss the roles of white adipose tissue (WAT) and intestinal dysfunction, as producers of extra-hepatic factors known to further contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Finally, we aim to summarise the role of NAFLD as a multi-system disease affecting other organ systems beyond the liver. Both increased age and male sex increase the risk of NAFLD and this may be partly driven by alterations in the distribution and function of WAT. Similarly, changes in gut microbiota composition and intestinal function with ageing and chronic overnutrition are likely to contribute to the development of NAFLD both directly (i.e. by affecting hepatic function) and indirectly via exacerbating WAT dysfunction. Consequently, the presence of NAFLD significantly increases the risk of various extra-hepatic diseases including CVD, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and certain extra-hepatic cancers. Thus changes in WAT and intestinal function with ageing and chronic overnutrition contribute to the development of NAFLD – a multi-system disease that subsequently contributes to the development of other chronic cardiometabolic diseases.
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23
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Impact of microRNA Regulated Macrophage Actions on Adipose Tissue Function in Obesity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081336. [PMID: 35456015 PMCID: PMC9024513 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced adipose tissue dysfunction is bolstered by chronic, low-grade inflammation and impairs systemic metabolic health. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) perpetuate local inflammation but are crucial to adipose tissue homeostasis, exerting heterogeneous, niche-specific functions. Diversified macrophage actions are shaped through finely regulated factors, including microRNAs, which post-transcriptionally alter macrophage activation. Numerous studies have highlighted microRNAs’ importance to immune function and potential as inflammation-modulatory. This review summarizes current knowledge of regulatory networks governed by microRNAs in ATMs in white adipose tissue under obesity stress.
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24
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Tang W, Qi J, Wang Q, Qu Y, Fu S, Luan J. Investigating the Adipogenic Effects of Different Tissue-Derived Decellularized Matrices. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:872897. [PMID: 35497363 PMCID: PMC9046558 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.872897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Decellularized adipose-derived matrix (DAM) can promote adipogenic differentiation and adipose tissue remodeling, but the biological impact of tissue origin on DAM remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of tissue origins on the adipogenic capacity of the decellularized matrix by comparing the cellular and tissue responses of DAM versus acellular dermal matrix (ADM). Methods: The in vitro response of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ADSCs) to DAM and ADM was characterized by proliferation and differentiation. The in vivo remodeling response was evaluated in the subcutaneous injection model of immunocompromised mice, using histology, protein expression, and transcriptome analysis. Results: Both DAM and ADM exhibited excellent decellularization effects and cytocompatibility. In the absence of exogenous stimuli, DAM could induce adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs compared with ADM. In the animal model, the levels of PDGF, VEGF, and ACRP30 were higher in the DAM groups than in the ADM group, and more neovascularization and extensive adipose tissue remodeling were observed. The mRNA-seq analysis indicated that the DAM implant regulated tissue remodeling by modulating Lat1/2 expression along with Hippo Signaling pathway in the early stage. Conclusion: Tissue origin can influence the biological response of the decellularized matrix. DAM can retain favorable tissue-specific characteristics after the decellularization process and have unique adipogenic effects in vitro and vivo, which can be fully utilized for soft tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Su Fu
- *Correspondence: Su Fu, ; Jie Luan,
| | - Jie Luan
- *Correspondence: Su Fu, ; Jie Luan,
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25
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Hamed MA, Akhigbe TM, Akhigbe RE, Aremu AO, Oyedokun PA, Gbadamosi JA, Anifowose PE, Adewole MA, Aboyeji OO, Yisau HO, Tajudeen GO, Titiloye MM, Ayinla NF, Ajayi AF. Glutamine restores testicular glutathione-dependent antioxidant defense and upregulates NO/cGMP signaling in sleep deprivation-induced reproductive dysfunction in rats. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 148:112765. [PMID: 35247715 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked with sleep deprivation (SD)-induced pathological conditions and reproductive dysfunction. On the other hand, glutamine has been established to have antioxidant property. However, the impact of SD, with or without glutamine, on male reproductive function is yet to be elucidated. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the role of SD, with or without glutamine, on male reproductive function and possible associated mechanisms. Ten-week old male Wistar rats weighing 175.6 g± 0.42 were randomly assigned into vehicle that received per os (p.o.) distilled water, glutamine (1 g/kg; po), SD, and SD + glutamine that received treatments as glutamine and SD. Treatment/exposure lasted for 72 h. The results showed that SD led to reduced body weight, seminiferous luminal and epididymal sperm density, low sperm quality, increased testicular and epididymal malondialdehyde, uric acid, DNA fragmentation, and testicular injury markers. In addition, SD caused a reduction in reduced glutathione level and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase. Also, SD increased tumor necrotic factor-α, interleukin-1β, and nuclear factor-kappa B levels. Furthermore SD led to impaired libido and erectile dysfunction, and suppression of circulatory nitric oxide, gonadotropins and testosterone, and penile cGMP. However, glutamine attenuated the effects induced by SD. Taken together, the findings of this study demonstrate that SD induces reproductive dysfunction via glutathione-dependent defense depletion and down-regulation of NO/cGMP signaling, which was abolished by glutamine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hamed
- Brainwill Laboratories and Biomedical Services, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - T M Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Agronomy, Osun State University, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - R E Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - A O Aremu
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Morbid Anatomy, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - P A Oyedokun
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - J A Gbadamosi
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - P E Anifowose
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - M A Adewole
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - O O Aboyeji
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - H O Yisau
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - G O Tajudeen
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - M M Titiloye
- Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - N F Ayinla
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - A F Ajayi
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Morbid Anatomy, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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26
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Role of Distinct Fat Depots in Metabolic Regulation and Pathological Implications. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 186:135-176. [PMID: 35915363 DOI: 10.1007/112_2022_73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
People suffering from obesity and associated metabolic disorders including diabetes are increasing exponentially around the world. Adipose tissue (AT) distribution and alteration in their biochemical properties play a major role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that AT heterogeneity and depot-specific physiological changes are vital in the development of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues like muscle and liver. Classically, AT depots are classified into white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT); WAT is the site of fatty acid storage, while BAT is a dedicated organ of metabolic heat production. The discovery of beige adipocyte clusters in WAT depots indicates AT heterogeneity has a more central role than hither to ascribed. Therefore, we have discussed in detail the current state of understanding on cellular and molecular origin of different AT depots and their relevance toward physiological metabolic homeostasis. A major focus is to highlight the correlation between altered WAT distribution in the body and metabolic pathogenesis in animal models and humans. We have also underscored the disparity in the molecular (including signaling) changes in various WAT tissues during diabetic pathogenesis. Exercise-mediated beneficial alteration in WAT physiology/distribution that protects against metabolic disorders is evolving. Here we have discussed the depot-specific biochemical adjustments induced by different forms of exercise. A detailed understanding of the molecular details of inter-organ crosstalk via substrate utilization/storage and signaling through chemokines provide strategies to target selected WAT depots to pharmacologically mimic the benefits of exercise countering metabolic diseases including diabetes.
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27
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Das B, Das M, Kalita A, Baro MR. The role of Wnt pathway in obesity induced inflammation and diabetes: a review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1871-1882. [PMID: 34900830 PMCID: PMC8630176 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes has become a major killer worldwide and at present, millions are affected by it. Being a chronic disease it increases the risk of other diseases ranging from pulmonary disorders to soft tissue infections. The loss of insulin-producing capacity of the pancreatic β-cells is the main reason for the development of the disease. Obesity is a major complication that can give rise to several other diseases such as cancer, diabetes, etc. Visceral adiposity is one of the major factors that play a role in the development of insulin resistance. Obesity causes a chronic low-grade inflammation in the tissues that further increases the chances of developing diabetes. Several pathways have been associated with the development of diabetes due to inflammation caused by obesity. The Wnt pathway is one such candidate pathway that is found to have a controlling effect on the development of insulin resistance. Moreover, the pathway has also been linked to obesity and inflammation. This review aims to find a connection between obesity, inflammation, and diabetes by taking the wnt pathway as the connecting link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhabajyoti Das
- Department of Zoology, Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014 Assam India
| | - Manas Das
- Department of Zoology, Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014 Assam India
| | - Anuradha Kalita
- Department of Zoology, Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014 Assam India
| | - Momita Rani Baro
- Department of Zoology, Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014 Assam India
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28
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Cho BA, Iyengar NM, Zhou XK, Morrow M, Giri DD, Verma A, Elemento O, Pollak M, Dannenberg AJ. Blood biomarkers reflect the effects of obesity and inflammation on the human breast transcriptome. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:1281-1292. [PMID: 34314488 PMCID: PMC8546933 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for the development of post-menopausal breast cancer. Breast white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, which is commonly found in women with excess body fat, is also associated with increased breast cancer risk. Both local and systemic effects are probably important for explaining the link between excess body fat, adipose inflammation and breast cancer. The first goal of this cross-sectional study of 196 women was to carry out transcriptome profiling to define the molecular changes that occur in the breast related to excess body fat and WAT inflammation. A second objective was to determine if commonly measured blood biomarkers of risk and prognosis reflect molecular changes in the breast. Breast WAT inflammation was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Bulk RNA-sequencing was carried out to assess gene expression in non-tumorous breast. Obesity and WAT inflammation were associated with a large number of differentially expressed genes and changes in multiple pathways linked to the development and progression of breast cancer. Altered pathways included inflammatory response, complement, KRAS signaling, tumor necrosis factor α signaling via NFkB, interleukin (IL)6-JAK-STAT3 signaling, epithelial mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, interferon γ response and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling. Increased expression of several drug targets such as aromatase, TGF-β1, IDO-1 and PD-1 were observed. Levels of various blood biomarkers including high sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL6, leptin, adiponectin, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin were altered and correlated with molecular changes in the breast. Collectively, this study helps to explain both the link between obesity and breast cancer and the utility of blood biomarkers for determining risk and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byuri Angela Cho
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neil M Iyengar
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xi Kathy Zhou
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica Morrow
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dilip D Giri
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Pollak
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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29
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Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a classical, pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine. It is also the first 'adipokine' described to be produced from adipose tissue, regulated in obesity and proposed to contribute to obesity-associated metabolic disease. In this review, we provide an overview of TNF in the context of metabolic inflammation or metaflammation, its discovery as a metabolic messenger, its sites and mechanisms of action and some critical considerations for future research. Although we focus on TNF and the studies that elucidated its immunometabolic actions, we highlight a conceptual framework, generated by these studies, that is equally applicable to the complex network of pro-inflammatory signals, their biological activity and their integration with metabolic regulation, and to the field of immunometabolism more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaswinder K Sethi
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Gökhan S Hotamisligil
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard-MIT Broad Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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Jakkawanpitak C, Inafuku M, Oku H, Hutadilok-Towatana N, Bunkrongcheap R, Sermwittayawong N, Aiemchareon P, Sermwittayawong D. Mechanism of the fungal-like particles in the inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18869. [PMID: 34552185 PMCID: PMC8458348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic ability of adipocytes in adipose tissue to store lipid in response to changes in the nutritional input and inflammatory elicitors has a major impact on human health. Previously, we established laminarin-coated beads or LCB as an inflammatory elicitor for adipocytes. However, it was not clear whether LCB inhibits lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Here, we show that LCB acts in the early stage of adipogenesis through both interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases (IRAK) and spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) pathways, resulting in the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) complexes, which subsequently cause cell cycle arrest, downregulation of the key transcription factors and enzymes responsible for adipogenesis, inhibition of adipogenesis, and stimulation of an inflammatory response. While LCB could effectively block lipid accumulation during the early stage of adipogenesis, it could stimulate an inflammatory response at any stage of differentiation. Additionally, our results raise a possibility that toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and C-type lectin domain family 7 member A (CLEC7A/Dectin-1) might be potential β-glucan receptors on the fat cells. Together, we present the mechanism of LCB, as fungal-like particles, that elicits an inflammatory response and inhibits adipogenesis at the early stage of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanawee Jakkawanpitak
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Masashi Inafuku
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Hirosuke Oku
- Molecular Biotechnology Group, Center of Molecular Biosciences, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Nongporn Hutadilok-Towatana
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Ruthaiwan Bunkrongcheap
- College of Innovation and Management, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Muang District, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand
| | - Natthawan Sermwittayawong
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Piyapat Aiemchareon
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
- Functional Food and Nutrition Program, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Decha Sermwittayawong
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand.
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31
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Role of Inflammatory Cytokines, Growth Factors and Adipokines in Adipogenesis and Insulin Resistance. Inflammation 2021; 45:31-44. [PMID: 34536157 PMCID: PMC8449520 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, manifested by increased adiposity, represents a main cause of morbidity in the developed countries, causing increased risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recruitment of macrophages and activation of innate immunity represent the initial insult, which can be further exacerbated through secretion of chemokines and adipocytokines from activated macrophages and other cells within the adipose tissue. These events can impact adipogenesis, causing dysfunction of the adipose tissue and increased risk of insulin resistance. Various factors mediate adiposity and related insulin resistance including inflammatory and non-inflammatory factors such as pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines and growth factors. In this review we will discuss the role of these factors in adipogenesis and development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the context of obesity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that mediate adipogenesis and insulin resistance could help the development of novel therapeutic strategies for individuals at higher risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Heydt Q, Xintaropoulou C, Clear A, Austin M, Pislariu I, Miraki-Moud F, Cutillas P, Korfi K, Calaminici M, Cawthorn W, Suchacki K, Nagano A, Gribben JG, Smith M, Cavenagh JD, Oakervee H, Castleton A, Taussig D, Peck B, Wilczynska A, McNaughton L, Bonnet D, Mardakheh F, Patel B. Adipocytes disrupt the translational programme of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia to favour tumour survival and persistence. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5507. [PMID: 34535653 PMCID: PMC8448863 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific niche adaptations that facilitate primary disease and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) survival after induction chemotherapy remain unclear. Here, we show that Bone Marrow (BM) adipocytes dynamically evolve during ALL pathogenesis and therapy, transitioning from cellular depletion in the primary leukaemia niche to a fully reconstituted state upon remission induction. Functionally, adipocyte niches elicit a fate switch in ALL cells towards slow-proliferation and cellular quiescence, highlighting the critical contribution of the adipocyte dynamic to disease establishment and chemotherapy resistance. Mechanistically, adipocyte niche interaction targets posttranscriptional networks and suppresses protein biosynthesis in ALL cells. Treatment with general control nonderepressible 2 inhibitor (GCN2ib) alleviates adipocyte-mediated translational repression and rescues ALL cell quiescence thereby significantly reducing the cytoprotective effect of adipocytes against chemotherapy and other extrinsic stressors. These data establish how adipocyte driven restrictions of the ALL proteome benefit ALL tumours, preventing their elimination, and suggest ways to manipulate adipocyte-mediated ALL resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Heydt
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - C Xintaropoulou
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - A Clear
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - M Austin
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - I Pislariu
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - F Miraki-Moud
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - P Cutillas
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - K Korfi
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - M Calaminici
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - W Cawthorn
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - K Suchacki
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - A Nagano
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - J G Gribben
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - M Smith
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK
| | - J D Cavenagh
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK
| | - H Oakervee
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK
| | - A Castleton
- Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - D Taussig
- Haemato-oncology Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK
| | - B Peck
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - A Wilczynska
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - L McNaughton
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - D Bonnet
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - F Mardakheh
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - B Patel
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Hyun IK, Lee JS, Yoon JW, Kang SS. Skimmed milk fermented by lactic acid bacteria inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes by downregulating PPARγ via TNF-α induction in vitro. Food Funct 2021; 12:8605-8614. [PMID: 34342323 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00076d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The murine 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cell line is widely used as an in vitro model for adipogenesis because of its similarities to primary fat cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the intracellular mechanisms by which skimmed milk fermented by two lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus plantarum, inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Skimmed milk fermented by both LAB, but not non-fermented skimmed milk, significantly reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets and cellular triglycerides in a concentration-dependent manner. The mRNA and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) were markedly inhibited in the presence of skimmed milk fermented by both LAB. Furthermore, the skimmed milk fermented by both LAB decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of PPARγ-targeting genes, lipoprotein lipase and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein. Under the same circumstances, resistin mRNA expression was downregulated, but not leptin mRNA expression. In contrast, skimmed milk fermented by both LAB significantly upregulated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). These results suggest that LAB-fermented skimmed milk inhibits adipogenesis by inhibiting a master transcription factor PPARγ via the upregulation of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in 3T3-L1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Kyung Hyun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Soo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Won Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok-Seong Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Bagchi DP, MacDougald OA. Wnt Signaling: From Mesenchymal Cell Fate to Lipogenesis and Other Mature Adipocyte Functions. Diabetes 2021; 70:1419-1430. [PMID: 34155042 PMCID: PMC8336005 DOI: 10.2337/dbi20-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is an ancient and evolutionarily conserved pathway with fundamental roles in the development of adipose tissues. Roles of this pathway in mesenchymal stem cell fate determination and differentiation have been extensively studied. Indeed, canonical Wnt signaling is a significant endogenous inhibitor of adipogenesis and promoter of other cell fates, including osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and myogenesis. However, emerging genetic evidence in both humans and mice suggests central roles for Wnt signaling in body fat distribution, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction. Herein, we highlight recent studies that have begun to unravel the contributions of various Wnt pathway members to critical adipocyte functions, including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. We further explore compelling evidence of complex and coordinated interactions between adipocytes and other cell types within adipose tissues, including stromal, immune, and endothelial cells. Given the evolutionary conservation and ubiquitous cellular distribution of this pathway, uncovering the contributions of Wnt signaling to cell metabolism has exciting implications for therapeutic intervention in widespread pathologic states, including obesity, diabetes, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika P Bagchi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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35
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Zhang Z, Xu L, Xu X. The role of transcription factor 7-like 2 in metabolic disorders. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13166. [PMID: 33615650 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), a member of the T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor family, generally forms a complex with β-catenin to regulate the downstream target genes as an effector of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway. TCF7L2 plays a vital role in various biological processes and functions in many organs and tissues, including the liver, islet and adipose tissues. Further, TCF7L2 down-regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis and promotes lipid accumulation. In islets, TCF7L2 not only affects the insulin secretion of the β-cells but also has an impact on other cells. In addition, TCF7L2 influences adipogenesis in adipose tissues. Thus, an out-of-control TCF7L2 expression can result in metabolic disorders. The TCF7L2 gene is composed of 17 exons, generating 13 different transcripts, and has many single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The discovery that these SNPs have an impact on the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has attracted thorough investigations in the study of TCF7L2. Apart from T2D, TCF7L2 SNPs are also associated with type 1, posttransplant and other types of diabetes. Furthermore, TCF7L2 variants affect the progression of other disorders, such as obesity, cancers, metabolic syndrome and heart diseases. Finally, the interaction between TCF7L2 variants and diet also needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhensheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
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36
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Cancer-Associated Adipocytes in Breast Cancer: Causes and Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073775. [PMID: 33917351 PMCID: PMC8038661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer progression is highly dependent on the heterotypic interaction between tumor cells and stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment. Cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) are emerging as breast cancer cell partners favoring proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. This article discussed the intersection between extracellular signals and the transcriptional cascade that regulates adipocyte differentiation in order to appreciate the molecular pathways that have been described to drive adipocyte dedifferentiation. Moreover, recent studies on the mechanisms through which CAAs affect the progression of breast cancer were reviewed, including adipokine regulation, metabolic reprogramming, extracellular matrix remodeling, and immune cell modulation. An in-depth understanding of the complex vicious cycle between CAAs and breast cancer cells is crucial for designing novel strategies for new therapeutic interventions.
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37
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Pan XX, Yao KL, Yang YF, Ge Q, Zhang R, Gao PJ, Ruan CC, Wu F. Senescent T Cell Induces Brown Adipose Tissue "Whitening" Via Secreting IFN-γ. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:637424. [PMID: 33748126 PMCID: PMC7969812 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.637424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-associated chronic inflammation is a key contributing factor to a cluster of chronic metabolic disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Immune cells particularly T cells accumulate in adipose tissue with advancing age, and there exists a cross talk between T cell and preadipocyte, contributing to age-related adipose tissue remodeling. Here, we compared the difference in morphology and function of adipose tissue between young (3-month-old) and old (18-month-old) mice and showed the phenomenon of brown adipose tissue (BAT) “whitening” in old mice. Flow cytometry analysis suggested an increased proportion of T cells in BAT of old mice comparing with the young and exhibited senescent characteristics. We take advantage of coculture system to demonstrate directly that senescent T cells inhibited brown adipocyte differentiation of preadipocytes in adipose tissue. Mechanistically, both in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that senescent T cells produced and released a higher level of IFN-γ, which plays a critical role in inhibition of preadipocyte-to-brown adipocyte differentiation. Taken together, the data indicate that senescent T cell-derived IFN-γ is a key regulator in brown adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xi Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang-Li Yao
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Feng Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Ge
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Run Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Jin Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Chao Ruan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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38
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Yang YH, Hao YM, Liu XF, Gao X, Wang BZ, Takahashi K, Du L. Docosahexaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids and eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activating sirtuin 1 pathways. Food Funct 2021; 12:4783-4796. [PMID: 34100500 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00157d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Some chronic diseases such as cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) and obesity are associated with the overproduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) that stimulates excess lipolysis in adipocytes. Our previous studies have shown that docosahexaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids (DHA-PL) and eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids (EPA-PL) ameliorated CAC and obesity-related metabolic disorders. To identify the molecular mechanisms involved, we examined the impact and the associated signaling pathways of DHA-PL and EPA-PL on TNF-α-induced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The present results revealed that DHA-PL and EPA-PL inhibited the TNF-α-induced increase of glycerol release and protected lipid droplets. In addition, DHA-PL and EPA-PL increased DHA and EPA contents in the phospholipid fraction of adipocytes, respectively. Moreover, DHA-PL and EPA-PL enhanced sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) deacetylase activity and its protein expression. By activating SIRT1, DHA-PL and EPA-PL upregulated the G0/G1 switch gene 2 protein level to inhibit adipose triglyceride lipase activity, activate AMP-activated protein kinase to reverse the downregulation of perilipin expression and phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) at Ser565 and prevent the phosphorylation of HSL at Ser660. Furthermore, DHA-PL and EPA-PL improved glucose uptake and glucose transporter type 4 translocation to the plasma membrane in TNF-α-treated adipocytes. Thus, it was concluded that DHA-PL and EPA-PL inhibit TNF-α-induced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activating the SIRT1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hong Yang
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501, Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Yi-Ming Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Xiao-Fang Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Bao-Zhen Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Koretaro Takahashi
- Faculty of Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507, Japan
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Al-Jaber H, Al-Mansoori L, Elrayess MA. GATA-3 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:169-179. [PMID: 32628587 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666200705210417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired adipogenesis plays an important role in the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes as it leads to ectopic fat deposition. The anti-adipogenic transcription factor GATA-3 was identified as one of the potential molecular targets responsible for the impairment of adipogenesis. The expression of GATA-3 is higher in insulinresistant obese individuals compared to BMI-matched insulin-sensitive counterparts. Adipose tissue inflammation is a crucial mediator of this process. Hyperglycemia mediates the activation of the immune system, partially through upregulation of GATA- 3, causing exacerbation of the inflammatory state associated with obesity. This review discusses the evidence supporting the inhibition of GATA-3 as a useful therapeutic strategy in obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, through up-regulation adipogenesis and amelioration of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Al-Jaber
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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40
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Ahluwalia A, Hoa N, Ge L, Blumberg B, Levin ER. Mechanisms by Which Membrane and Nuclear ER Alpha Inhibit Adipogenesis in Cells Isolated From Female Mice. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5911730. [PMID: 32976570 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into mature chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes. Excessive and dysfunctional visceral adipocytes increase upon menopause and importantly contribute to altered metabolism in postmenopausal women. We previously showed both plasma membrane and nuclear estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) with endogenous estrogen are required to suppress adipogenesis in vivo. Here we determined mechanisms by which these liganded ER pools collaborate to inhibit the peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma (PPARγ) gene and subsequent progenitor differentiation. In 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC), membrane ERα signaled through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) to enhance ERα nuclear localization, importantly at the PPARγ gene promoter. AKT also increased overall abundance and recruitment of co-repressors GATA3, β-catenin, and TCF4 to the PPARγ promoter. Membrane ERα signaling additionally enhanced wingless-integrated (Wnt)1 and 10b expression. The components of the repressor complex were required for estrogen to inhibit rosiglitazone-induced differentiation of ADSC and 3T3-L1 cells to mature adipocytes. These mechanisms whereby ER cellular pools collaborate to inhibit gene expression limit progenitor differentiation to mature adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Ahluwalia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Neil Hoa
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Lisheng Ge
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ellis R Levin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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41
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Quercetin attenuates cisplatin-induced fat loss. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1781-1793. [PMID: 32860126 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02371-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The major aim of the present study was to determine the effects of quercetin, a well-known flavonoid, on attenuating cisplatin (CDDP)-induced fat loss and the possible mechanisms. METHODS Tumor-bearing nude mice and tumor-free BALB/c mice were administrated with CDDP alone or in combination with quercetin by a diet containing 0.1% or 1% quercetin (LQ or HQ) or by intraperitoneal injection (IQ) to determine the effects of quercetin on the anticancer effect of CDDP or CDDP-induced fat loss. The effects of quercetin on fat accumulation in CDDP-exposed 3T3-L1 cells were also determined. RESULTS We first showed that HQ and IQ significantly enhanced the anticancer effect of CDDP by upregulating p53- and p21-associated pathways, while tended to attenuate CDDP-induced fat loss in tumor-bearing nude mice. The study in 3T3-L1 cells showed that CDDP decreased the fat accumulation accompanied by strong upregulation of the expression of six genes which are associated with fat metabolism, while quercetin completely suppressed such an effect. The tumor-free BALB/c mice study consistently showed a protective effect of HQ on CDDP-induced body weight and epididymal fat loss. HQ also increased the fat levels in liver and muscle tissues. In epididymal fat tissues, HQ consistently attenuated CDDP-induced changes in fat metabolism-associated gene expression. However, CDDP alone or in combination with HQ did not affect the food intake. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that quercetin possesses the potential to suppress CDDP-induced fat loss may partly through the regulation of the fat metabolism-associated gene expression.
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42
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Frasca D, Blomberg BB. Adipose tissue, immune aging, and cellular senescence. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:573-587. [PMID: 32785750 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents a serious health problem as it is rapidly increasing worldwide. Obesity is associated with reduced healthspan and lifespan, decreased responses to infections and vaccination, and increased frequency of inflammatory conditions typical of old age. Obesity is characterized by increased fat mass and remodeling of the adipose tissue (AT). In this review, we summarize published data on the different types of AT present in mice and humans, and their roles as fat storage as well as endocrine and immune tissues. We review the age-induced changes, including those in the distribution of fat in the body, in abundance and function of adipocytes and their precursors, and in the infiltration of immune cells from the peripheral blood. We also show that cells with a senescent-associated secretory phenotype accumulate in the AT of mice and humans with age, where they secrete several factors involved in the establishment and maintenance of local inflammation, oxidative stress, cell death, tissue remodeling, and infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells. Not only adipocytes and pre-adipocytes but also immune cells show a senescent phenotype in the AT. With the increase in human lifespan, it is crucial to identify strategies of intervention and target senescent cells in the AT to reduce local and systemic inflammation and the development of age-associated diseases. Several studies have indeed shown that senescent cells can be effectively targeted in the AT by selectively removing them or by inhibiting the pathways that lead to the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA. .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Bonnie B Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Suppression of GATA-3 increases adipogenesis, reduces inflammation and improves insulin sensitivity in 3T3L-1 preadipocytes. Cell Signal 2020; 75:109735. [PMID: 32795510 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Impaired adipogenesis plays an important role in the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Adipose tissue inflammation is a crucial mediator of this process. GATA-3 plays important roles in adipogenesis and inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of GATA-3 suppression on improving adipogenesis, lowering inflammation and reversing insulin resistance. GATA-3 levels were measured in subcutaneous (SC) and omental (OM) adipose tissues obtained from insulin sensitive (IS) and insulin resistant (IR) obese individuals during weight reduction surgeries. The effect of GATA-3 suppression on adipogenesis, expression of inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance biomarkers was performed in 3T3L-1 mouse preadipocytes via transfection with GATA-3-specific DNAzyme. GATA-3 expression was higher in OM compared to SC adipose tissues and in stromal vascular fraction-derived differentiating preadipocytes from IR obese individuals compared to their IS counterparts. Suppression of GATA-3 expression in 3T3L-1 mouse preadipocytes with GATA-3 specific inhibitor reversed 4-hydroxynonenal-induced impaired adipogenesis and triggered changes in the expression of insulin signaling-related genes. GATA-3 inhibition also modulated the expression of IL-6 and IL-10 and lowered the expression of insulin resistance biomarkers (PAI-1 and resistin) and insulin resistance phosphoproteins (p-BAD, p-PTEN and p-GSK3β). Inhibiting GATA-3 improves adipocytes differentiation, modulates the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and improves insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant cells. Suppression of GATA-3 could be a promising tool to improve adipogenesis, restore insulin sensitivity and lower obesity-associated inflammation in insulin resistant individuals.
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Voskamp C, Koevoet WJLM, Somoza RA, Caplan AI, Lefebvre V, van Osch GJVM, Narcisi R. Enhanced Chondrogenic Capacity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells After TNFα Pre-treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:658. [PMID: 32714905 PMCID: PMC7344141 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising cells to treat cartilage defects due to their chondrogenic differentiation potential. However, an inflammatory environment during differentiation, such as the presence of the cytokine TNFα, inhibits chondrogenesis and limits the clinical use of MSCs. On the other hand, it has been reported that exposure to TNFα during in vitro expansion can increase proliferation, migration, and the osteogenic capacity of MSCs and therefore can be beneficial for tissue regeneration. This indicates that the role of TNFα on MSCs may be dependent on the differentiation stage. To improve the chondrogenic capacity of MSCs in the presence of an inflamed environment, we aimed to determine the effect of TNFα on the chondrogenic differentiation capacity of MSCs. Here, we report that TNFα exposure during MSC expansion increased the chondrogenic differentiation capacity regardless of the presence of TNFα during chondrogenesis and that this effect of TNFα during expansion was reversed upon TNFα withdrawal. Interestingly, pre-treatment with another pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, did not increase the chondrogenic capacity of MSCs indicating that the pro-chondrogenic effect is specific for TNFα. Finally, we show that TNFα pre-treatment increased the levels of SOX11 and active β-catenin suggesting that these intracellular effectors may be useful targets to improve MSC-based cartilage repair. Overall, these results suggest that TNFα pre-treatment, by modulating SOX11 levels and WNT/β-catenin signaling, could be used as a strategy to improve MSC-based cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Voskamp
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wendy J L M Koevoet
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo A Somoza
- Department of Biology and Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Arnold I Caplan
- Department of Biology and Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Véronique Lefebvre
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gerjo J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roberto Narcisi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Onogi Y, Khalil AEMM, Ussar S. Identification and characterization of adipose surface epitopes. Biochem J 2020; 477:2509-2541. [PMID: 32648930 PMCID: PMC7360119 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a central regulator of metabolism and an important pharmacological target to treat the metabolic consequences of obesity, such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Among the various cellular compartments, the adipocyte cell surface is especially appealing as a drug target as it contains various proteins that when activated or inhibited promote adipocyte health, change its endocrine function and eventually maintain or restore whole-body insulin sensitivity. In addition, cell surface proteins are readily accessible by various drug classes. However, targeting individual cell surface proteins in adipocytes has been difficult due to important functions of these proteins outside adipose tissue, raising various safety concerns. Thus, one of the biggest challenges is the lack of adipose selective surface proteins and/or targeting reagents. Here, we discuss several receptor families with an important function in adipogenesis and mature adipocytes to highlight the complexity at the cell surface and illustrate the problems with identifying adipose selective proteins. We then discuss that, while no unique adipocyte surface protein might exist, how splicing, posttranslational modifications as well as protein/protein interactions can create enormous diversity at the cell surface that vastly expands the space of potentially unique epitopes and how these selective epitopes can be identified and targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Onogi
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Elagamy Mohamed Mahmoud Khalil
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Mannelli M, Gamberi T, Magherini F, Fiaschi T. The Adipokines in Cancer Cachexia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144860. [PMID: 32660156 PMCID: PMC7402301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a devastating pathology induced by several kinds of diseases, including cancer. The hallmark of cancer cachexia is an extended weight loss mainly due to skeletal muscle wasting and fat storage depletion from adipose tissue. The latter exerts key functions for the health of the whole organism, also through the secretion of several adipokines. These hormones induce a plethora of effects in target tissues, ranging from metabolic to differentiating ones. Conversely, the decrease of the circulating level of several adipokines positively correlates with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. A lot of findings suggest that cancer cachexia is associated with changed secretion of adipokines by adipose tissue. In agreement, cachectic patients show often altered circulating levels of adipokines. This review reported the findings of adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, apelin, and visfatin) in cancer cachexia, highlighting that to study in-depth the involvement of these hormones in this pathology could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Perdicaro DJ, Rodriguez Lanzi C, Gambarte Tudela J, Miatello RM, Oteiza PI, Vazquez Prieto MA. Quercetin attenuates adipose hypertrophy, in part through activation of adipogenesis in rats fed a high-fat diet. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 79:108352. [PMID: 32145471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An impaired capacity of adipose tissue expansion leads to adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) under positive energy balance. We previously showed that a grape pomace extract, rich in flavonoids including quercetin (Q), attenuates adipose hypertrophy. This study investigated whether dietary Q supplementation promotes adipogenesis in the epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) of rats consuming a high-fat diet, characterizing key adipogenic regulators in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Consumption of a high-fat diet for 6 weeks caused IR, increased plasma TNFα concentrations, eWAT weight, adipocyte size and the eWAT/brown adipose tissue (BAT) ratio. These changes were accompanied by decreased levels of proteins involved in angiogenesis, VEGF-A and its receptor 2 (VEGF-R2), and of two central adipogenic regulators, i.e. PPARγ and C/EBPα, and proteins involved in mature adipocyte formation, i.e. fatty acid synthase (FAS) and adiponectin. Q significantly reduced adipocyte size and enhanced angiogenesis and adipogenesis without changes in eWAT weight and attenuated systemic IR and inflammation. In addition, high-fat diet consumption increased eWAT hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) levels and those of proteins involved in adipose inflammation (TLR-4, CD68, MCP-1, JNK) and activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, i.e. ATF-6 and XBP-1. Q mitigated all these events. Q and quercetin 3-glucoronide prevented TNFα-mediated downregulation of adipogenesis during 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes early differentiation. Together, Q capacity to promote a healthy adipose expansion enhancing angiogenesis and adipogenesis may contribute to reduced adipose hypertrophy, inflammation and IR. Consumption of diets rich in Q could be useful to counteract the adverse effects of high-fat diet-induced adipose dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diahann J Perdicaro
- Laboratorio de Nutrición y Fisiopatología de la Obesidad, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU)-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Rodriguez Lanzi
- Laboratorio de Nutrición y Fisiopatología de la Obesidad, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU)-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | | | - Roberto M Miatello
- Laboratorio de Nutrición y Fisiopatología de la Obesidad, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU)-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Departments of Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Marcela A Vazquez Prieto
- Laboratorio de Nutrición y Fisiopatología de la Obesidad, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU)-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
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Colocynth (Citrullus colocynthis) seed extracts attenuate adipogenesis by down-regulating PPARγ/ SREBP-1c and C/EBPα in 3T3-L1 cells. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Pesce Viglietti AI, Giambartolomei GH, Quarleri J, Delpino MV. Brucella abortus Infection Modulates 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Inflammatory Response and Inhibits Adipogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:585923. [PMID: 33071987 PMCID: PMC7531218 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.585923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a prevalent global zoonotic infection but has far more impact in developing countries. The adipocytes are the most abundant cell type of adipose tissue and their secreted factors play an important role in several aspects of the innate and adaptive immune response. Here, we demonstrated the ability of Brucella abortus to infect and replicate in both adipocytes and its precursor cells (pre-adipocytes) derived from 3T3-L1 cell line. Additionally, infection of pre-adipocytes also inhibited adipogenesis in a mechanism independent of bacterial viability and dependent on lipidated outer membrane protein (L-Omp19). B. abortus infection was able to modulate the secretion of IL-6 and the matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) -2 and-9 in pre-adipocytes and adipocytes, and also modulated de transcription of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin in differentiated adipocytes. B. abortus-infected macrophages also modulate adipocyte differentiation involving a TNF-α dependent mechanism, thus suggesting a plausible interplay between B. abortus, adipocytes, and macrophages. In conclusion, B. abortus is able to alter adipogenesis process in adipocytes and its precursors directly after their infection, or merely their exposure to the B. abortus lipoproteins, and indirectly through soluble factors released by B. abortus-infected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén Ivana Pesce Viglietti
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Hernán Giambartolomei
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Quarleri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: María Victoria Delpino, ; Jorge Quarleri,
| | - María Victoria Delpino
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: María Victoria Delpino, ; Jorge Quarleri,
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Interaction analysis of gene variants of TCF7L2 and body mass index and waist circumference on type 2 diabetes. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:192-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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