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Wang Y, Wu G, Wang Y, Rehman A, Yu L, Zhang H, Jin Q, Suleria HAR, Wang X. Recent developments, challenges, and prospects of dietary omega-3 PUFA-fortified foods: Focusing on their effects on cardiovascular diseases. Food Chem 2025; 470:142498. [PMID: 39736180 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 11/30/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/01/2025]
Abstract
Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Dω-3 PUFAs) have been extensively studied and have been proven to offer notable benefits for heart health. Scientific meta-analysis strongly endorses them as potent bioactive agents capable of preventing and managing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Fortification of foods with Dω-3 PUFAs is a potential strategy for enhancing Dω-3 PUFA intake in an effort to continue strengthening public health outcomes. This review analyzed recent trends in the fortification of foods with Dω-3 PUFAs in relation to technological developments, challenges linked to the method, and future scope. Additionally, recent clinical trials and research on the effect of Dω-3 PUFA-fortified food consumption on cardiovascular health are reviewed. Technological trends in fortification methods, namely microencapsulation- and nanoencapsulation, have made considerable progress to date, along with excellent stability in both processing and storage conditions and favorable bioaccessibility and sensory attributes of fortified foods. There is a tremendous deal of promise for cardiovascular health based on recent clinical trial findings that fortifying food with Dω-3 PUFAs decreased the incidence of heart disease, blood pressure, and lipid profiles. In summary, substantial progress has been made in addressing the challenges of Dω-3 PUFA fortification. However, further multidisciplinary research is needed to inculcate effectiveness toward achieving the maximum possible Dω-3 PUFAs to protect against the harmful effects of CVDs and continue global health progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yandan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Abdur Rehman
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Le Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Bikulčienė I, Garjonytė N, Žėkas V, Matuzevičienė R, Žymantienė Ž, Baublytė A, Hendrixson V, Karčiauskaitė D, Utkus A, Kaminskas A. Relationship Between Composition of Fatty Acid in Platelet Phospholipid Membrane and Markers of Oxidative Stress in Healthy Men and Men After a Myocardial Infarction. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2021; 27:e929634. [PMID: 33583940 PMCID: PMC7893829 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.929634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress (OS) is known to be extremely damaging for phospholipids in cell membranes, especially their polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). OS is known to be associated with increased platelet activation and thrombosis, which lead to cardiovascular lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate how changes in the composition of fatty acids (FAs) in the platelet phospholipid membrane correlate with OS in healthy men and in men who have experienced a myocardial infarction (post-MI men). Material/Methods FA methyl esters from the platelet phospholipid membrane of 79 apparently healthy and 20 post-MI men were identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured in the blood serum using high-performance liquid chromatography, and platelet-white blood cell aggregates (PWAs) were analysed based on whole-blood flow cytometry. The composition of platelet membrane FAs was compared to MDA concentration (μg/l) and the percentage of PWA formation between healthy men and individuals who had suffered a myocardial infarction (MI). Results Statistically, post-MI patients had a significantly higher concentration of blood serum MDA than those in the control group (p=0.000). The level of PUFAs was also higher in the platelet phospholipid membrane of post-MI patients than in healthy individuals (p=0.016). However, the percentage of PWA formation was lower in patients compared with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions A higher level of blood serum MDA concentration due to OS stimulates platelets to incorporate more PUFAs into the phospholipid membrane, thereby affecting platelet activation. This may lead the individual to develop cardiovascular diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Bikulčienė
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Neda Garjonytė
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Žėkas
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rėda Matuzevičienė
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Živilė Žymantienė
- Consultation and Diagnostic Center, Vilnius District Central Polyclinic, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aldona Baublytė
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Vilnius District Central Polyclinic, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaiva Hendrixson
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dovilė Karčiauskaitė
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Utkus
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arvydas Kaminskas
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Oppedisano F, Macrì R, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Carresi C, Maiuolo J, Bosco F, Nucera S, Caterina Zito M, Guarnieri L, Scarano F, Nicita C, Coppoletta AR, Ruga S, Scicchitano M, Mollace R, Palma E, Mollace V. The Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of n-3 PUFAs: Their Role in Cardiovascular Protection. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090306. [PMID: 32854210 PMCID: PMC7554783 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with 18, 20 or 22 carbon atoms, which have been found able to counteract cardiovascular diseases. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in particular, have been found to produce both vaso- and cardio-protective response via modulation of membrane phospholipids thereby improving cardiac mitochondrial functions and energy production. However, antioxidant properties of n-3 PUFAs, along with their anti-inflammatory effect in both blood vessels and cardiac cells, seem to exert beneficial effects in cardiovascular impairment. In fact, dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFAs has been demonstrated to reduce oxidative stress-related mitochondrial dysfunction and endothelial cell apoptosis, an effect occurring via an increased activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. On the other hand, n-3 PUFAs have been shown to counteract the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in both vascular tissues and in the myocardium, thereby restoring vascular reactivity and myocardial performance. Here we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of n-3 PUFAs in vascular and cardiac tissues and their implication in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Oppedisano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Caterina Nicita
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
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The effect of clover silages on long chain fatty acid rumen transformations and digestion in beef steers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/s1357729800058719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTen Hereford ✕ Friesian steers prepared with rumen, duodenal and ileal cannulae were offered ad libitum access to either grass (G), white clover (W) or red clover (R) silage or mixtures of the grass silage with the clover silages (GW and GR; 60: 40 dry matter (DM) basis). The experiment was conducted as a two-period change-over design within each clover treatment, with grass silage as an experimental control. The clover silages had higher concentrations of DM, nitrogen (N), and total fatty acids and lower concentrations of fibre (P < 0·05) than the grass silage. Rumen fermentation characteristics were similar between treatments apart from a slight elevation of n-butyric acid levels with white clover silage diets (P < 0·05). Duodenal flows of DM, organic matter (OM), total and microbial nitrogen (MN) were significantly higher (P < 0·05) with the white clover silage treatments compared with the grass silage diet. However there were no significant differences in the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis with a mean value of 27·1 g MN per kg OM apparently digested in the rumen. Duodenal flows of total fatty acids per unit intake were not significantly different, although there was a trend (P < 0·1) for increased flows with the white clover silage diets. Duodenal flows of cis-vaccenic acid (P < 0·01), linoleic acid (P < 0·05), α-linolenic acid (P < 0·05) and cis-9 trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (P < 0·05) were higher for the clover silages, particularly white clover silage. The increased flows of α-linolenic and linoleic acids remained significant after correcting for differences in DM intake. Biohydrogenation of linoleic (mean = 0·83) and α-linolenic (mean = 0·86) acids was extensive for all diets but the latter was significantly lower (P < 0·01) for the diets based on red clover silage. These results suggest potential for modifying the fatty acid composition of ruminant products by feeding clover silages.
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Hanson JA, Lin YH, Dretsch MN, Strandjord SE, Haub MD, Hibbeln JR. Whole food, functional food, and supplement sources of omega-3 fatty acids and omega-3 HUFA scores among U.S. soldiers. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Wu D, Feng L, Gao Q, Li JL, Rajendran KS, Wong JCM, Kua EH, Ng TP. Association between Fish Intake and Depressive Symptoms among Community-living Older Chinese Adults in Singapore: A Cross-sectional Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:404-7. [PMID: 26999240 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim of this study was to investigate the association between fish consumption and depressive symptoms in senior ethnic Chinese residents of Singapore. DESIGN A population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING The Singapore Longitudinal Aging Studies (SLAS). PARTICIPANT The study consisted of 2,034 participants from the Singapore Longitudinal Aging Studies (SLAS) project who were at least 55 years old. MEASUREMENTS The presence of depressive symptoms was compared between those who self-reported eating fish at least three times a week versus those who ate fish less often. A score of 5 or greater on the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was the cutoff for being designated as having depressive symptoms. RESULTS Fish intake was associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms ([odds ratio] OR = 0.60, 95% [confidence interval] CI 0.40-0.90; P = .015) after controlling for age, sex, marital status, housing, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical exercise, social and productive activities, self-rated health, hypertension, diabetes, heart failure or attack, stroke, fruit and vegetable intake, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that eating fish at least three times a week is associated with a lower odds of having depressive symptoms among Chinese adults over 55 years old living in Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wu
- Daxing Wu, Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.
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Laguzzi F, Alsharari Z, Risérus U, Vikström M, Sjögren P, Gigante B, Hellénius ML, Cederholm T, Bottai M, de Faire U, Leander K. Cross-sectional relationships between dietary fat intake and serum cholesterol fatty acids in a Swedish cohort of 60-year-old men and women. J Hum Nutr Diet 2015; 29:325-37. [PMID: 26264885 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to describe the relationship between self-reported dietary intake and serum cholesterol fatty acids (FAs) in a Swedish population of 60-year-old men and women. METHODS Cross-sectional data collected in 1997-1998 from 4232 individuals residing in Stockholm County were used. Five diet scores were created to reflect the intake of saturated fats in general, as well as fats from dairy, fish, processed meat and vegetable oils and margarines. Gas chromatography was used to assess 13 FAs in serum cholesterol esters. The association between each diet score and specific FAs was assessed by percentile differences (PD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) at the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentile of each FA across levels of diet scores using quantile regression. RESULTS Fish intake was associated with high proportions of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). For each point increase in fish score, the 50th PD in EPA and DHA was 32.78% (95% CI = 29.22% to 36.35%) and 10.63% (95% CI = 9.52% to 11.74%), respectively. Vegetable fat intake was associated with a high proportion of linoleic acid and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and a low proportion of total saturated fatty acids (SFA). The intake of saturated fats in general and dairy fat was slightly associated with specific SFA, although the intake of fat from meat was not. CONCLUSIONS In the present study population, using a rather simple dietary assessment method, the intake of fish and vegetable fats was clearly associated with serum PUFA, whereas foods rich in saturated fats in general showed a weak relationship with serum SFA. Our results may contribute to increased knowledge about underlying biology in diet-cardiovascular disease associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Laguzzi
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Z Alsharari
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - U Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Vikström
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Sjögren
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B Gigante
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M-L Hellénius
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Cederholm
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Bottai
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institutet of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - U de Faire
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Leander
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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O'Sullivan A, Gibney MJ, Brennan L. Dietary intake patterns are reflected in metabolomic profiles: potential role in dietary assessment studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 93:314-21. [PMID: 21177801 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that metabolomics could play a role in dietary assessment and identification of novel biomarkers of dietary intake. OBJECTIVE This study examined the link between habitual dietary patterns and metabolomic profiles. DESIGN A total of 160 volunteers participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled dietary intervention. We collected biofluids and recorded 3-d food diaries. Food data were reduced to 33 food groups, and a k-means cluster analysis was performed to identify dietary patterns. (1)H Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were acquired for plasma and urine samples, and gas chromatography was used for plasma fatty acid profiling. RESULTS Cluster analysis identified 3 distinct dietary patterns on the basis of the energy contribution of different food groups. Dietary clusters were reflected in plasma fatty acid profiles and in metabolomic data. (1)H NMR spectra of urine allowed the identification of metabolites associated with different dietary patterns. Several of the metabolites identified were linked to the intake of specific food groups; in particular, there was a positive association between O-acetylcarnitine and phenylacetylglutamine and red-meat and vegetable intakes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Habitual dietary patterns are shown in metabolomic data. This approach successfully identified potential biomarkers of red-meat and vegetable intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifric O'Sullivan
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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9
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Red meat from animals offered a grass diet increases plasma and plateletn-3 PUFA in healthy consumers. Br J Nutr 2010; 105:80-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510003090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Red meat from grass-fed animals, compared with concentrate-fed animals, contains increased concentrations of long-chain (LC)n-3 PUFA. However, the effects of red meat consumption from grass-fed animals on consumer blood concentrations of LCn-3 PUFA are unknown. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects on plasma and platelet LCn-3 PUFA status of consuming red meat produced from either grass-fed animals or concentrate-fed animals. A randomised, double-blinded, dietary intervention study was carried out for 4 weeks on healthy subjects who replaced their habitual red meat intake with three portions per week of red meat (beef and lamb) from animals offered a finishing diet of either grass or concentrate (n20 consumers). Plasma and platelet fatty acid composition, dietary intake, blood pressure, and serum lipids and lipoproteins were analysed at baseline and post-intervention. Dietary intakes of totaln-3 PUFA, as well as plasma and platelet concentrations of LCn-3 PUFA, were significantly higher in those subjects who consumed red meat from grass-fed animals compared with those who consumed red meat from concentrate-fed animals (P < 0·05). No significant differences in concentrations of serum cholesterol, TAG or blood pressure were observed between groups. Consuming red meat from grass-fed animals compared with concentrate-fed animals as part of the habitual diet can significantly increase consumer plasma and platelet LCn-3 PUFA status. As a result, red meat from grass-fed animals may contribute to dietary intakes of LCn-3 PUFA in populations where red meat is habitually consumed.
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Dietary meat fats and burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors, in the elderly: a report from the MEDIS study. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9:30. [PMID: 20298545 PMCID: PMC2848658 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-9-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fats have long been associated with human health, and especially cardiovascular disease (CVD). Some observational studies have shown that reduction in dietary fats, and particularly cholesterol is associated with lower cardiovascular risk; however, other prospective studies or randomized controlled trials of dietary fat reduction or modification have shown varying results on CVD morbidity and mortality. In this work we evaluated the relationships between dietary fats and a cluster of CVD risk factors (i.e., diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension), among elderly individuals without known CVD. In particular, dietary and clinical data from 1486 elderly (aged 65 to 100 years) men and women living in Cyprus, Mitilini, Samothraki, Cephalonia, Crete, Lemnos, Syros, Naxos, Corfu and Zakynthos islands, and participated in the MEDIS study, were analysed. Data analysis revealed that 18.5% of males and 33.3% of females had three or four cardiovascular disease risk factors; the major source of fat was olive oil (mean intake for men and women 50.0 +/- 19.3 g/day and 46.0 +/- 16.8 g/day, p < 0.001). In addition it was observed that a 5% increase in energy adjusted fat intake from meat was associated with a 21% increase in the likelihood of having one additional CVD risk factor (95%CI 6%-39%); no significant associations were observed regarding the other types of fat consumed by the elderly participants. These findings may state a hypothesis that the consumption of fat only from meat or its products seems to increase the burden of CVD risk factors among CVD-free, elderly people.
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Turunen AW, Männistö S, Kiviranta H, Marniemi J, Jula A, Tiittanen P, Suominen-Taipale L, Vartiainen T, Verkasalo PK. Dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, methyl mercury and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as biomarkers of fish consumption. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64:313-23. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Validation of an FFQ to estimate the intake of fatty acids using erythrocyte membrane fatty acids and multiple 3d dietary records. Public Health Nutr 2009; 13:1546-52. [PMID: 20018122 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980009992849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The estimation of dietary intake in population-based studies is often assessed by the FFQ. The objective of our study is to evaluate the validity of an FFQ used to assess dietary fatty acid intake among middle-aged Chinese adults in Southern China. DESIGN The method of triads was applied to obtain the validity coefficients (VC) of the FFQ for specific fatty acids. A subsample was randomly selected from an earlier cross-sectional study. The FFQ and 3d dietary records were used for dietary assessment, and the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes was determined as the biomarker. RESULTS The Spearman correlation coefficients between the FFQ and 3d dietary records were moderate to good (r = 0.28-0.66). The VC of the FFQ estimated by the method of triads were 0.72, 0.61, 0.65, 0.75 and 0.67 for MUFA, total n-6 fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid, EPA and DHA, respectively. The VC could not be calculated for SFA, PUFA and total n-3 fatty acids because of negative correlations among the three measurements. But, the correlations between the FFQ and the dietary records were moderate for these fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS Our FFQ applied in Southern Chinese adults was valid to estimate their dietary fatty acid intake and was thus suitable for use in a large cohort study.
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Orton HD, Szabo NJ, Clare-Salzler M, Norris JM. Comparison between omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid intakes as assessed by a food frequency questionnaire and erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition in young children. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008; 62:733-8. [PMID: 17440518 PMCID: PMC2896066 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Revised: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a dietary validation study in youth aged 1-11 years by comparing dietary intake of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as assessed by a parent-completed semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) over time to erythrocyte membrane composition of the same fatty acids. DESIGN The study population included youth aged 1-11 years who were participants in the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY), a longitudinal study in Denver, Colorado that is following a cohort of youth at risk for developing type I diabetes. Four hundred and four children who had erythrocyte membrane fatty acid data matched to an FFQ corresponding to the same time frame for a total of 917 visits (matches) were included. PUFA intake was expressed both as g/day (adjusted for total energy) and as percent of total fat intake. We used mixed models to test the association and calculate the correlation between the erythrocyte membrane estimates and PUFA intake using all records of data for each youth. RESULTS Intakes of total omega-3 fatty acids (beta=0.52, P<0.0001, rho=0.23) and marine PUFAs (beta=1.62, P<0.0001, rho=0.42), as a percent of total fat in the diet, were associated with percent of omega-3 and marine PUFAs in the erythrocyte membrane. Intakes of omega-6 PUFAs (beta=0.04, P=0.418, rho=0.05) and arachidonic acid (beta=0.31, P=0.774, rho=0.01) were not associated. CONCLUSIONS In these young children, an FFQ using parental report provided estimates of average long-term intakes of marine PUFAs that correlated well with their erythrocyte cell membrane fatty acid status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D. Orton
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262
| | - Nancy J. Szabo
- Analytical Toxicology Core Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Michael Clare-Salzler
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Jill M. Norris
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262
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Welch AA, Bingham SA, Ive J, Friesen MD, Wareham NJ, Riboli E, Khaw KT. Dietary fish intake and plasma phospholipid n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in men and women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk United Kingdom cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84:1330-9. [PMID: 17158413 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/84.6.1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, found in fish and fish-oil supplements and also formed by conversion of alpha-linolenic acid in soy and rapeseed (canola) oils, are thought to have cardioprotective effects. OBJECTIVE Because the relative feasibility and measurement error of dietary methods varies, this study compared fish and fish-oil intakes obtained from 4 dietary methods with plasma n-3 PUFAs in men and women in a general population. DESIGN The study participants were 4949 men and women aged 40-79 y from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk United Kingdom cohort. Measurements of plasma phospholipid n-3 PUFA concentrations and fish intakes were made with the use of 4 dietary methods (food-frequency questionnaire, health and lifestyle questionnaire, 7-d diary, and first-day recall from the 7-d diary). RESULTS Amounts of fish consumed and relations with plasma phospholipid n-3 PUFAs were not substantially different between the 4 dietary methods. Plasma n-3 PUFA concentrations were significantly higher in women than in men, were 20% higher in fish-oil consumers than in non-fish-oil consumers, and were twice as high in fatty fish consumers as in total fish consumers. Only approximately 25% of the variation in plasma n-3 PUFA was explained by fish and fish-oil consumption. CONCLUSIONS This large study found no substantial differences between dietary methods and observed clear sex differences in plasma n-3 PUFAs. Because variation in n-3 PUFA was only partially determined by fish and fish-oil consumption, this could explain the inconsistent results of observational and intervention studies on coronary artery disease protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa A Welch
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care and the Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Niveaux d’apport et sources alimentaires des principaux acides gras polyinsaturés n-6 et n-3 dans la population adulte en France*. CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIÉTÉTIQUE 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0007-9960(05)80497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Astorg P, Arnault N, Czernichow S, Noisette N, Galan P, Hercberg S. Dietary intakes and food sources of n−6 and n−3 PUFA in french adult men and women. Lipids 2004; 39:527-35. [PMID: 15554151 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-004-1259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The intake of individual n-6 and n-3 PUFA has been estimated in 4,884 adult subjects (2,099 men and 2,785 women), volunteers from the French SU.VI.MAX intervention trial. The food intakes of each subject were recorded in at least ten 24-h record questionnaires completed over a period of 2.5 yr, allowing the estimation of the daily intake of energy; total fat; and linoleic, alpha-linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic (EPA), n-3 docosapentaenoic (DPA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. The mean total fat intake corresponded to 94.1 g/d (36.3% of total energy intake) in men and 73.4 g/d (38.1% of energy) in women. The intake of linoleic acid was 10.6 g/d in men and 8.1 g/d in women, representing 4.2% of energy intake; that of alpha-linolenic acid was 0.94 g/d in men and 0.74 g/d in women, representing 0.37% of energy intake, with a mean linoleic/alpha-linolenic acid ratio of 11.3. The mean intakes of long-chain PUFA were: arachidonic acid, 204 mg/d in men and 152 mg/d in women; EPA, 150 mg/d in men and 118 mg/d in women; DPA, 75 mg/d in men and 56 mg/d in women; DHA, 273 mg/d in men and 226 mg/d in women; long-chain n-3 PUFA, 497 mg/d in men and 400 mg/d in women. Ninety-five percent of the sample consumed less than 0.5% of energy as alpha-linolenic acid, which is well below the current French recommendation for adults (0.8% of energy). In contrast, the mean intakes of long-chain n-6 and n-3 PUFA appear fairly high and fit the current French recommendations (total long-chain PUFA: 500 mg/d in men and 400 mg/d in women; DHA: 120 mg/d in men and 100 mg/d in women). The intakes of alpha-linolenic acid, and to a lesser extent of linoleic acid, were highly correlated with that of lipids. Whereas the main source of linoleic acid was vegetable oils, all food types contributed to alpha-linolenic acid intake, the main ones being animal products (meat, poultry, and dairy products). The main source of EPA and DHA (and of total long-chain n-3 PUFA) was fish and seafood, but the major source of DPA was meat, poultry, and eggs. Fish and seafood consumption showed very large interindividual variations, the low consumers being at risk of insufficient n-3 PUFA intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Astorg
- UMR INSERM 557/INRA/CNAM Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle, Institut Scientifique et Technique de la Nutrition et de I'Alimentatio, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France.
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Lecerf JM. Poisson, acides gras oméga 3 et risque cardiovasculaire : données épidémiologiques. CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0007-9960(04)94447-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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