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Brucker SY, Frank L, Eisenbeis S, Henes M, Wallwiener D, Riess O, van Eijck B, Schöller D, Bonin M, Rall KK. Sequence variants in ESR1 and OXTR are associated with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2017; 96:1338-1346. [PMID: 28815558 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) is characterized by congenital absence of the uterus and the upper two-thirds of the vagina in otherwise phenotypically normal females. It is found isolated or associated with renal, skeletal and other malformations. Despite ongoing research, the etiology is mainly unknown. For a long time, the hypothesis of deficient hormone receptors as the cause for MRKHS has existed, supported by previous findings of our group. The aim of the present study was to identify unknown genetic causes for MRKHS and to compare them with data banks including a review of the literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS DNA sequence analysis of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and estrogen receptor-1 gene (ESR1) was performed in a group of 93 clinically well-defined patients with uterovaginal aplasia (68 with the isolated form and 25 with associated malformations). RESULTS In total, we detected three OXTR variants in 18 MRKHS patients with one leading to a missense mutation, and six ESR1 variants in 21 MRKHS patients, two of these causing amino acid changes and therefore potentially disease. CONCLUSIONS The identified variants on DNA level might impair receptor function through different molecular mechanisms. Mutations of ESR1 and OXTR are associated with MRKHS. Thus, we consider these genes potential candidates associated with the manifestation of MRKHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Yvonne Brucker
- Department of Women's Health, Center for Rare Female Genital Malformations, Women's University Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Women's Health, Research Center for Women's Health, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Liliane Frank
- Department of Women's Health, Research Center for Women's Health, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simone Eisenbeis
- Department of Women's Health, Research Center for Women's Health, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Henes
- Department of Women's Health, Center for Rare Female Genital Malformations, Women's University Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Diethelm Wallwiener
- Department of Women's Health, Center for Rare Female Genital Malformations, Women's University Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara van Eijck
- Department of Women's Health, Research Center for Women's Health, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dorit Schöller
- Department of Women's Health, Center for Rare Female Genital Malformations, Women's University Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Bonin
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kristin Katharina Rall
- Department of Women's Health, Center for Rare Female Genital Malformations, Women's University Hospital, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
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Genes, Gender, Environment, and Novel Functions of Estrogen Receptor Beta in the Susceptibility to Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7030024. [PMID: 28241485 PMCID: PMC5366823 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurological disorders affect men and women differently regarding prevalence, progression, and severity. It is clear that many of these disorders may originate from defective signaling during fetal or perinatal brain development, which may affect males and females differently. Such sex-specific differences may originate from chromosomal or sex-hormone specific effects. This short review will focus on the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) signaling during perinatal brain development and put it in the context of sex-specific differences in neurodevelopmental disorders. We will discuss ERβ’s recent discovery in directing DNA de-methylation to specific sites, of which one such site may bear consequences for the susceptibility to the neurological reading disorder dyslexia. We will also discuss how dysregulations in sex-hormone signaling, like those evoked by endocrine disruptive chemicals, may affect this and other neurodevelopmental disorders in a sex-specific manner through ERβ.
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Kaartokallio T, Lokki AI, Peterson H, Kivinen K, Hiltunen L, Salmela E, Lappalainen T, Maanselkä P, Heino S, Knuutila S, Sayed A, Poston L, Brennecke SP, Johnson MP, Morgan L, Moses EK, Kere J, Laivuori H. Preeclampsia does not share common risk alleles in 9p21 with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes. Ann Med 2016; 48:330-6. [PMID: 27111527 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2016.1174877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia is a common and partially genetic pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. Association with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes has been reported in 9p21 by several genome-wide association studies. It has been hypothesized that cardiometabolic diseases may share common etiology with preeclampsia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested association with the 9p21 region to preeclampsia in the Finnish population by genotyping 23 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 15 extended preeclampsia families and in a nationwide cohort consisting of 281 cases and 349 matched controls. Replication was conducted in additional datasets. RESULTS Four SNPs (rs7044859, rs496892, rs564398 and rs7865618) showed nominal association (p ≤ 0.024 uncorrected) with preeclampsia in the case-control cohort. To increase power, we genotyped two SNPs in additional 388 cases and 341 controls from the Finnish Genetics of Preeclampsia Consortium (FINNPEC) cohort. Partial replication was also attempted in a UK cohort (237 cases and 199 controls) and in 74 preeclamptic families from Australia/New Zealand. We were unable to replicate the initial association in the extended Finnish dataset or in the two international cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Our study did not find evidence for the involvement of the 9p21 region in the risk of preeclampsia. Key Message Chromosome 9p21 is not associated with preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Kaartokallio
- a Medical and Clinical Genetics , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - A Inkeri Lokki
- a Medical and Clinical Genetics , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland ;,b Bacteriology and Immunology Department , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland ;,c Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Hanna Peterson
- d Department of Biosciences and Nutrition , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Katja Kivinen
- e Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | | | - Elina Salmela
- g Molecular Neurology Research Program, Research Programs Unit , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland ;,h Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Tuuli Lappalainen
- i New York Genome Center , New York City , NY , USA ;,j Department of Systems Biology , Columbia University , New York City , NY , USA
| | - Paula Maanselkä
- k Institute of Biotechnology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Sanna Heino
- a Medical and Clinical Genetics , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Sakari Knuutila
- l Department of Pathology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Ayat Sayed
- m Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt ;,n School of Molecular Medical Sciences , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK
| | - Lucilla Poston
- o Division of Women's Health , King's College London , London , UK
| | - Shaun P Brennecke
- p Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine , Pregnancy Research Centre and University of Melbourne's Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Matthew P Johnson
- q South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine , University of Texas Rio Grande Valley , Brownsville , TX , USA
| | - Linda Morgan
- r School of Life Sciences , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK
| | - Eric K Moses
- s Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia ;,t School of Biomedical Sciences , Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University , Perth , Australia ;,u Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Medical Research Foundation , Royal Perth Hospital , Perth , Australia
| | - Juha Kere
- d Department of Biosciences and Nutrition , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ;,g Molecular Neurology Research Program, Research Programs Unit , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland ;,h Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- a Medical and Clinical Genetics , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland ;,v Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
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Investigation of dyslexia and SLI risk variants in reading- and language-impaired subjects. Behav Genet 2010. [PMID: 21165691 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-010-9424-3"] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
Dyslexia (or reading disability) and specific language impairment (or SLI) are common childhood disorders that show considerable co-morbidity and diagnostic overlaps and have been suggested to share some genetic aetiology. Recently, genetic risk variants have been identified for SLI and dyslexia enabling the direct evaluation of possible shared genetic influences between these disorders. In this study we investigate the role of variants in these genes (namely MRPL19/C20RF3, ROBO1, DCDC2, KIAA0319, DYX1C1, CNTNAP2, ATP2C2 and CMIP) in the aetiology of SLI and dyslexia. We perform case-control and quantitative association analyses using measures of oral and written language skills in samples of SLI and dyslexic families and cases. We replicate association between KIAA0319 and DCDC2 and dyslexia and provide evidence to support a role for KIAA0319 in oral language ability. In addition, we find association between reading-related measures and variants in CNTNAP2 and CMIP in the SLI families.
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Newbury DF, Paracchini S, Scerri TS, Winchester L, Addis L, Richardson AJ, Walter J, Stein JF, Talcott JB, Monaco AP. Investigation of dyslexia and SLI risk variants in reading- and language-impaired subjects. Behav Genet 2010; 41:90-104. [PMID: 21165691 PMCID: PMC3029677 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-010-9424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dyslexia (or reading disability) and specific language impairment (or SLI) are common childhood disorders that show considerable co-morbidity and diagnostic overlaps and have been suggested to share some genetic aetiology. Recently, genetic risk variants have been identified for SLI and dyslexia enabling the direct evaluation of possible shared genetic influences between these disorders. In this study we investigate the role of variants in these genes (namely MRPL19/C20RF3, ROBO1, DCDC2, KIAA0319, DYX1C1, CNTNAP2, ATP2C2 and CMIP) in the aetiology of SLI and dyslexia. We perform case-control and quantitative association analyses using measures of oral and written language skills in samples of SLI and dyslexic families and cases. We replicate association between KIAA0319 and DCDC2 and dyslexia and provide evidence to support a role for KIAA0319 in oral language ability. In addition, we find association between reading-related measures and variants in CNTNAP2 and CMIP in the SLI families.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. F. Newbury
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - S. Paracchini
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - T. S. Scerri
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - L. Winchester
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - L. Addis
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Alex J. Richardson
- Centre for Evidence-Based Intervention, Dept of Social Policy and Social Work, University of Oxford, Barnett House, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford, OX1 2ER UK
| | - J. Walter
- Department of Physiology, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT UK
| | - J. F. Stein
- Department of Physiology, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT UK
| | - J. B. Talcott
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET UK
| | - A. P. Monaco
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
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Abstract
Developmental dyslexia is a highly heritable disorder with a prevalence of at least 5% in school-aged children. Linkage studies have identified numerous loci throughout the genome that are likely to harbour candidate dyslexia susceptibility genes. Association studies and the refinement of chromosomal translocation break points in individuals with dyslexia have resulted in the discovery of candidate genes at some of these loci. A key function of many of these genes is their involvement in neuronal migration. This complements anatomical abnormalities discovered in dyslexic brains, such as ectopias, that may be the result of irregular neuronal migration.
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Peterson H, Laivuori H, Kerkela E, Jiao H, Hiltunen L, Heino S, Tiala I, Knuutila S, Rasi V, Kere J, Kivinen K. ROCK2 allelic variants are not associated with pre-eclampsia susceptibility in the Finnish population. Mol Hum Reprod 2009; 15:443-9. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gap032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Abstract
Reading abilities are acquired only through specific teaching and training. A significant proportion of children fail to achieve these skills despite normal intellectual abilities and an appropriate opportunity to learn. Difficulty in learning to read is attributable to specific dysfunctions of the brain, which so far remain poorly understood. However, it is recognized that the neurological basis for dyslexia, or reading disability, is caused in large part by genetic factors. Linkage studies have successfully identified several regions of the human genome that are likely to harbor susceptibility genes for dyslexia. In the past few years there have been exciting advances with the identification of four candidate genes located within three of these linked chromosome regions: DYX1C1 on chromosome 15, ROBO1 on chromosome 3, and KIAA0319 and DCDC2 on chromosome 6. Functional studies of these genes are offering new insights about the biological mechanisms underlying the development of dyslexia and, in general, of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Paracchini
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
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Kivinen K, Peterson H, Hiltunen L, Laivuori H, Heino S, Tiala I, Knuutila S, Rasi V, Kere J. Evaluation of STOX1 as a preeclampsia candidate gene in a population-wide sample. Eur J Hum Genet 2007; 15:494-7. [PMID: 17290274 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a common, pregnancy-specific vascular disorder characterised by hypertension and proteinuria. A recent report suggested association of the STOX1 gene on chromosome 10q22.1 with preeclampsia in the Dutch population. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment of STOX1 as a candidate gene for preeclampsia in the Finnish population by re-examining our previous genetic linkage analysis results for both chromosome 10 and paralogous loci, by genotyping representative markers in a nationwide data set, and by studying STOX1 expression in placentas from preeclamptic and uncomplicated pregnancies. In conclusion, we are unable to validate STOX1 as a common preeclampsia susceptibility gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kivinen
- Department of Biosciences at Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Yang MS, Gill M. A review of gene linkage, association and expression studies in autism and an assessment of convergent evidence. Int J Dev Neurosci 2006; 25:69-85. [PMID: 17236739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2006.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Revised: 12/05/2006] [Accepted: 12/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with high heritability and a likely complex genetic architecture. Much genetic evidence has accumulated in the last 20 years but no gene has been unequivocally identified as containing risk variants for autism. In this article we review the past and present literature on neuro-pathological, genetic linkage, genetic association, and gene expression studies in this disorder. We sought convergent evidence to support particular genes or chromosomal regions that might be likely to contain risk DNA variants. The convergent evidence from these studies supports the current hypotheses that there are multiple genetic loci predisposing to autism, and that genes involved in neurodevelopment are especially important for future genetic studies. Convergent evidence suggests the chromosome regions 7q21.2-q36.2, 16p12.1-p13.3, 6q14.3-q23.2, 2q24.1-q33.1, 17q11.1-q21.2, 1q21-q44 and 3q21.3-q29, are likely to contain risk genes for autism. Taken together with results from neuro-pathological studies, genes involved in brain development located at the above regions should be prioritized for future genetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Sheng Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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Abstract
Dyslexia is the most common and carefully studied of the learning disabilities in school-age children. It is characterized by a marked impairment in the development of reading skills, and affects a large number of people (5-10%). Reading difficulties may also arise from poor vision, emotional problems, decreased hearing ability, and behavioral disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADHD). Although many areas of the brain are involved in reading, analysis of postmortem brain specimens by a variety of imaging techniques most consistently suggests that deficiency within a specific component of the language system - the phonologic module - in the temporo-parietal-occipital brain region underlies dyslexia. It is a highly familial and heritable disorder with susceptibility loci on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 13, 15 and 18. Recently, four candidate genes (KIAA 0319, DYX1C1, DCDC2 and ROBO1) are shown to be associated with dyslexia. Although some of these results are controversial because of the genetic heterogeneity of the disorder, the available evidence suggests that dyslexia could be due to the abnormal migration and maturation of neurons during early development. Interestingly, in spite of genetic heterogeneity, the pathology appears to involve common phonological coding deficits. The condition can be managed by a highly structured educational training exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barkur S Shastry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
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Stein CM, Millard C, Kluge A, Miscimarra LE, Cartier KC, Freebairn LA, Hansen AJ, Shriberg LD, Taylor HG, Lewis BA, Iyengar SK. Speech sound disorder influenced by a locus in 15q14 region. Behav Genet 2006; 36:858-68. [PMID: 16786424 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-006-9090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2005] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite a growing body of evidence indicating that speech sound disorder (SSD) has an underlying genetic etiology, researchers have not yet identified specific genes predisposing to this condition. The speech and language deficits associated with SSD are shared with several other disorders, including dyslexia, autism, Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS), and Angelman's Syndrome (AS), raising the possibility of gene sharing. Furthermore, we previously demonstrated that dyslexia and SSD share genetic susceptibility loci. The present study assesses the hypothesis that SSD also shares susceptibility loci with autism and PWS. To test this hypothesis, we examined linkage between SSD phenotypes and microsatellite markers on the chromosome 15q14-21 region, which has been associated with autism, PWS/AS, and dyslexia. Using SSD as the phenotype, we replicated linkage to the 15q14 region (P=0.004). Further modeling revealed that this locus influenced oral-motor function, articulation and phonological memory, and that linkage at D15S118 was potentially influenced by a parent-of-origin effect (LOD score increase from 0.97 to 2.17, P=0.0633). These results suggest shared genetic determinants in this chromosomal region for SSD, autism, and PWS/AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Stein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, and Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies & Childrens Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Galaburda AM. Dyslexia--a molecular disorder of neuronal migration: the 2004 Norman Geschwind Memorial Lecture. ANNALS OF DYSLEXIA 2005; 55:151-65. [PMID: 17849191 DOI: 10.1007/s11881-005-0009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2005] [Accepted: 09/12/2005] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
For 25 years now, there has been a serious attempt to get at the fundamental cause(s) of dyslexia in our laboratory. A great deal of research has been carried out on the psychological and brain underpinnings of the linguistic dysfunctions seen in dyslexia, but attempts to get at its cause have been limited. Initially, observations were made on the brains of persons with dyslexia who had died and their brains donated for research. These observations were modeled in animal models in order to better understand the full extent of anatomical and developmental brain characteristics. More recently, models have begun to employ genetic manipulations in order to close the gap between genes, brain, and behavior. In this article based on a lecture given in memory of Dr. Norman Geschwind to the International Dyslexia Association assembly in Philadelphia in 2004, I outline the history of the research leading up to the most recent findings. These findings consist of experiments using methods that interfere with the function of DNA, using as constructs genes that have been implicated in dyslexia, which cause developmental problems of neuronal migration in rats, secondary brain changes in response to the migration problems, and abnormal processing of sounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert M Galaburda
- Harvard Medical School, Division of Behavioral Neurology and Memory Disorders, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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