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Sha YW, Ding L, Li P. Management of primary ciliary dyskinesia/Kartagener's syndrome in infertile male patients and current progress in defining the underlying genetic mechanism. Asian J Androl 2014; 16:101-6. [PMID: 24369140 PMCID: PMC3901865 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.122192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Kartagener's syndrome (KS) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease accounting for approximately 50% of the cases of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). As it is accompanied by many complications, PCD/KS severely affects the patient's quality of life. Therapeutic approaches for PCD/KS aim to enhance prevention, facilitate rapid definitive diagnosis, avoid misdiagnosis, maintain active treatment, control infection and postpone the development of lesions. In male patients, sperm flagella may show impairment in or complete absence of the ability to swing, which ultimately results in male infertility. Assisted reproductive technology will certainly benefit such patients. For PCD/KS patients with completely immotile sperm, intracytoplasmic sperm injection may be very important and even indispensable. Considering the number of PCD/KS susceptibility genes and mutations that are being identified, more extensive genetic screening is indispensable in patients with these diseases. Moreover, further studies into the potential molecular mechanisms of these diseases are required. In this review, we summarize the available information on various aspects of this disease in order to delineate the therapeutic objectives more clearly, and clarify the efficacy of assisted reproductive technology as a means of treatment for patients with PCD/KS-associated infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ping Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, China
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Amir EAD, Bartal O, Morad E, Nagar T, Sheynin J, Parvari R, Chalifa-Caspi V. KinSNP software for homozygosity mapping of disease genes using SNP microarrays. Hum Genomics 2011; 4:394-401. [PMID: 20846928 PMCID: PMC3525221 DOI: 10.1186/1479-7364-4-6-394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Consanguineous families affected with a recessive genetic disease caused by homozygotisation of a mutation offer a unique advantage for positional cloning of rare diseases. Homozygosity mapping of patient genotypes is a powerful technique for the identification of the genomic locus harbouring the causing mutation. This strategy relies on the observation that in these patients a large region spanning the disease locus is also homozygous with high probability. The high marker density in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays is extremely advantageous for homozygosity mapping. We present KinSNP, a user-friendly software tool for homozygosity mapping using SNP arrays. The software searches for stretches of SNPs which are homozygous to the same allele in all ascertained sick individuals. User-specified parameters control the number of allowed genotyping 'errors' within homozygous blocks. Candidate disease regions are then reported in a detailed, coloured Excel file, along with genotypes of family members and healthy controls. An interactive genome browser has been included which shows homozygous blocks, individual genotypes, genes and further annotations along the chromosomes, with zooming and scrolling capabilities. The software has been used to identify the location of a mutated gene causing insensitivity to pain in a large Bedouin family. KinSNP is freely available from http://bioinfo.bgu.ac.il/bsu/software/kinSNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Ad David Amir
- Department of Computer Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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Abstract
Cilia are evolutionarily conserved structures that play key roles in diverse cell types. Motile cilia are involved in the most prominent ciliopathy called primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) that combines respiratory symptoms, male infertility, and, in nearly 50% cases, situs inversus. The diagnosis of PCD relies on the identification of ciliary abnormalities that mainly concern outer and/or inner dynein arms (ODA, IDA). PCD is a genetic condition, usually inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. To date, six genes have been clearly implicated in PCD. Two "major" genes, DNAI1 and DNAH5, underlie PCD in nearly half of the patients with ODA defects, whereas RPGR, DNAH11 and TXNDC3 are implicated in rare families with specific phenotypes (retinitis pigmentosa, abnormal beating of structurally normal cilia, and situs ambiguous, respectively). The relative contribution of DNAI2 is currently being assessed. In all the other patients with ODA or other ultrastructural defects, the causative genes remain to be identified.
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Bush A, Chodhari R, Collins N, Copeland F, Hall P, Harcourt J, Hariri M, Hogg C, Lucas J, Mitchison HM, O'Callaghan C, Phillips G. Primary ciliary dyskinesia: current state of the art. Arch Dis Child 2007; 92:1136-40. [PMID: 17634184 PMCID: PMC2066071 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2006.096958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is usually inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder and presents with upper and lower respiratory tract infection, and mirror image arrangement in around 50% of cases. Cilia dysfunction is also implicated in a wider spectrum of disease, including polycystic liver and kidney disease, central nervous system problems including retinopathy and hydrocephalus, and biliary atresia. Cilia are complex structures, containing more than 250 proteins; recent studies have begun to locate PCD genes scattered throughout the genome. Screening tests for PCD include nasal nitric oxide and in vivo tests of ciliary motility such as the saccharin test. Specific diagnosis requires examination of cilia by light and electron microscopy, with epithelial culture in doubtful cases. This is only available in supra-regional centres, recently centrally funded by the National Commissioning Group. Treatment is not evidence based and recommendations are largely extrapolated from cystic fibrosis and other suppurative lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bush
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.
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Duriez B, Duquesnoy P, Escudier E, Bridoux AM, Escalier D, Rayet I, Marcos E, Vojtek AM, Bercher JF, Amselem S. A common variant in combination with a nonsense mutation in a member of the thioredoxin family causes primary ciliary dyskinesia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:3336-41. [PMID: 17360648 PMCID: PMC1805560 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0611405104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxins belong to a large family of enzymatic proteins that function as general protein disulfide reductases, therefore participating in several cellular processes via redox-mediated reactions. So far, none of the 18 members of this family has been involved in human pathology. Here we identified TXNDC3, which encodes a thioredoxin-nucleoside diphosphate kinase, as a gene implicated in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a genetic condition characterized by chronic respiratory tract infections, left-right asymmetry randomization, and male infertility. We show that the disease, which segregates as a recessive trait, results from the unusual combination of the following two transallelic defects: a nonsense mutation and a common intronic variant found in 1% of control chromosomes. This variant affects the ratio of two physiological TXNDC3 transcripts: the full-length isoform and a novel isoform, TXNDC3d7, carrying an in-frame deletion of exon 7. In vivo and in vitro expression data unveiled the physiological importance of TXNDC3d7 (whose expression was reduced in the patient) and the corresponding protein that was shown to bind microtubules. PCD is known to result from defects of the axoneme, an organelle common to respiratory cilia, embryonic nodal cilia, and sperm flagella, containing dynein arms, with, to date, the implication of genes encoding dynein proteins. Our findings, which identify a another class of molecules involved in PCD, disclose the key role of TXNDC3 in ciliary function; they also point to an unusual mechanism underlying a Mendelian disorder, which is an SNP-induced modification of the ratio of two physiological isoforms generated by alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Duriez
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 654, F-94000 Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris 12, IFR10, F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - Philippe Duquesnoy
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 654, F-94000 Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris 12, IFR10, F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - Estelle Escudier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 651, F-94000 Créteil, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique-Cytogénétique-Embryologie, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Marie Bridoux
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 654, F-94000 Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris 12, IFR10, F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - Denise Escalier
- Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Andrologie, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre 94275, France
| | - Isabelle Rayet
- **Service de Réanimation Pédiatrique, Hôpital Nord, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, France
| | - Elisabeth Marcos
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris 12, IFR10, F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - Anne-Marie Vojtek
- Laboratoire de Microscopie électronique, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, F-94000 Créteil, France; and
| | - Jean-François Bercher
- Département de Mathématiques, Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénieurs en Electronique et Electrotechnique, Cité Descartes, F-93162 Noisy-Le-Grand, France
| | - Serge Amselem
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 654, F-94000 Créteil, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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