1
|
Huang QH, Zhao GK, Wang HQ, Wei FH, Zhang JY, Zhang JB, Gao F, Yuan B. Single-Cell Transcriptional Profile Construction of Rat Pituitary Glands before and after Sexual Maturation and Identification of Novel Marker Spp1 in Gonadotropes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4694. [PMID: 38731915 PMCID: PMC11083676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammalian pituitary gland drives highly conserved physiological processes such as somatic cell growth, pubertal transformation, fertility, and metabolism by secreting a variety of hormones. Recently, single-cell transcriptomics techniques have been used in pituitary gland research. However, more studies have focused on adult pituitary gland tissues from different species or different sexes, and no research has yet resolved cellular differences in pituitary gland tissue before and after sexual maturation. Here, we identified a total of 15 cell clusters and constructed single-cell transcriptional profiles of rats before and after sexual maturation. Furthermore, focusing on the gonadotrope cluster, 106 genes were found to be differentially expressed before and after sexual maturation. It was verified that Spp1, which is specifically expressed in gonadotrope cells, could serve as a novel marker for this cell cluster and has a promotional effect on the synthesis and secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone. The results provide a new resource for further resolving the regulatory mechanism of pituitary gland development and pituitary hormone synthesis and secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fei Gao
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (Q.-H.H.); (G.-K.Z.); (H.-Q.W.); (F.-H.W.); (J.-Y.Z.); (J.-B.Z.)
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (Q.-H.H.); (G.-K.Z.); (H.-Q.W.); (F.-H.W.); (J.-Y.Z.); (J.-B.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Smail SW, Abdulqadir SZ, Alalem LSS, Rasheed TK, Khudhur ZO, Mzury AFA, Awla HK, Ghayour MB, Abdolmaleki A. Enhancing sciatic nerve regeneration with osteopontin-loaded acellular nerve allografts in rats: Effects on macrophage polarization. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102379. [PMID: 38678741 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional matrix glycoprotein with neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties. This study explored the potential of OPN-loaded acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) to repair sciatic nerves in male Wistar rats. The research also delved into the impact of OPN on macrophage phenotypes. We reconstructed a 10 mm nerve gap with ANAs containing OPN at 2 nM and 4 nM. The sciatic functional index (SFI) and paw withdrawal reflex latency (WRL) showed the significant efficacy of ANA/OPN (2 nM) in enhancement of target organ reinnervation and subsequent sensorimotor recovery compared to other groups. Electrophysiological and histomorphometric analyses further supported the regenerative properties of ANA/OPN (2 nM). Additionally, ANA/OPN (2 nM) promoted macrophage polarization towards an M2 phenotype and reduced proinflammatory cytokines at the injury site. In conclusion, the study suggested that ANA loaded with 2 nM OPN effectively repaired transected sciatic nerves in rats, potentially through enhancing axonal sprouting and exerting anti-inflammatory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shukur Wasman Smail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq; Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | | | | | - Taban Kamal Rasheed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq
| | | | | | - Harem Khdir Awla
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad B Ghayour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Abdolmaleki
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu C, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Chen H, Tang T, Wang J, Xia S, Chen G, Zhang J. Lateralized response of skull bone marrow via osteopontin signaling in mice after ischemia reperfusion. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:294. [PMID: 38071333 PMCID: PMC10710724 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Skull bone marrow is thought to be an immune tissue closely associated with the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies have focused on the role of skull bone marrow in central nervous system disorders. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on ipsilateral and contralateral skull bone marrow cells after experimental stroke and then performed flow cytometry and analysis of cytokine expression. Skull marrow showed lateralization in response to stroke. Lateralization is demonstrated primarily by the proliferation and differentiation of myeloid and lymphoid lineage cells in the skull bone marrow adjacent to the ischemic region, with an increased proportion of neutrophils compared to monocytes. Analysis of chemokines in the skull revealed marked differences in chemotactic signals between the ipsilateral and contralateral skull, whereas sympathetic signals innervating the skull did not affect cranial bone marrow lateralization. Osteopontin (OPN) is involved in region-specific activation of the skull marrow that promotes inflammation in the meninges, and inhibition of OPN expression improves neurological function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huaijun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianchi Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siqi Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nilsson G, Mottahedin A, Zelco A, Lauschke VM, Ek CJ, Song J, Ardalan M, Hua S, Zhang X, Mallard C, Hagberg H, Leavenworth JW, Wang X. Two different isoforms of osteopontin modulate myelination and axonal integrity. FASEB Bioadv 2023; 5:336-353. [PMID: 37554545 PMCID: PMC10405251 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2023-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal myelination underlies the pathology of white matter diseases such as preterm white matter injury and multiple sclerosis. Osteopontin (OPN) has been suggested to play a role in myelination. Murine OPN mRNA is translated into a secreted isoform (sOPN) or an intracellular isoform (iOPN). Whether there is an isoform-specific involvement of OPN in myelination is unknown. Here we generated mouse models that either lacked both OPN isoforms in all cells (OPN-KO) or lacked sOPN systemically but expressed iOPN specifically in oligodendrocytes (OLs-iOPN-KI). Transcriptome analysis of isolated oligodendrocytes from the neonatal brain showed that genes and pathways related to increase of myelination and altered cell cycle control were enriched in the absence of the two OPN isoforms in OPN-KO mice compared to control mice. Accordingly, adult OPN-KO mice showed an increased axonal myelination, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy imaging, and increased expression of myelin-related proteins. In contrast, neonatal oligodendrocytes from OLs-iOPN-KI mice compared to control mice showed differential regulation of genes and pathways related to the increase of cell adhesion, motility, and vasculature development, and the decrease of axonal/neuronal development. OLs-iOPN-KI mice showed abnormal myelin formation in the early phase of myelination in young mice and signs of axonal degeneration in adulthood. These results suggest an OPN isoform-specific involvement, and a possible interplay between the isoforms, in myelination, and axonal integrity. Thus, the two isoforms of OPN need to be separately considered in therapeutic strategies targeting OPN in white matter injury and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Nilsson
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Amin Mottahedin
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Aura Zelco
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Volker M. Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Dr Margarete Fischer‐Bosch Institute of Clinical PharmacologyStuttgartGermany
- University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - C. Joakim Ek
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Juan Song
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain InjuryInstitute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Sha Hua
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital/Luwan Branch, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain InjuryInstitute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Carina Mallard
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Jianmei W. Leavenworth
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain InjuryInstitute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rentsendorj A, Raedschelders K, Fuchs DT, Sheyn J, Vaibhav V, Porritt RA, Shi H, Dagvadorj J, de Freitas Germano J, Koronyo Y, Arditi M, Black KL, Gaire BP, Van Eyk JE, Koronyo-Hamaoui M. Osteopontin depletion in macrophages perturbs proteostasis via regulating UCHL1-UPS axis and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1155935. [PMID: 37325640 PMCID: PMC10266348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1155935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteopontin (OPN; also known as SPP1), an immunomodulatory cytokine highly expressed in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMΦ), is known to regulate diverse cellular and molecular immune responses. We previously revealed that glatiramer acetate (GA) stimulation of BMMΦ upregulates OPN expression, promoting an anti-inflammatory, pro-healing phenotype, whereas OPN inhibition triggers a pro-inflammatory phenotype. However, the precise role of OPN in macrophage activation state is unknown. Methods Here, we applied global proteome profiling via mass spectrometry (MS) analysis to gain a mechanistic understanding of OPN suppression versus induction in primary macrophage cultures. We analyzed protein networks and immune-related functional pathways in BMMΦ either with OPN knockout (OPNKO) or GA-mediated OPN induction compared with wild type (WT) macrophages. The most significant differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were validated using immunocytochemistry, western blot, and immunoprecipitation assays. Results and discussion We identified 631 DEPs in OPNKO or GA-stimulated macrophages as compared to WT macrophages. The two topmost downregulated DEPs in OPNKO macrophages were ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), a crucial component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and the anti-inflammatory Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1), whereas GA stimulation upregulated their expression. We found that UCHL1, previously described as a neuron-specific protein, is expressed by BMMΦ and its regulation in macrophages was OPN-dependent. Moreover, UCHL1 interacted with OPN in a protein complex. The effects of GA activation on inducing UCHL1 and anti-inflammatory macrophage profiles were mediated by OPN. Functional pathway analyses revealed two inversely regulated pathways in OPN-deficient macrophages: activated oxidative stress and lysosome-mitochondria-mediated apoptosis (e.g., ROS, Lamp1-2, ATP-synthase subunits, cathepsins, and cytochrome C and B subunits) and inhibited translation and proteolytic pathways (e.g., 60S and 40S ribosomal subunits and UPS proteins). In agreement with the proteome-bioinformatics data, western blot and immunocytochemical analyses revealed that OPN deficiency perturbs protein homeostasis in macrophages-inhibiting translation and protein turnover and inducing apoptosis-whereas OPN induction by GA restores cellular proteostasis. Taken together, OPN is essential for macrophage homeostatic balance via the regulation of protein synthesis, UCHL1-UPS axis, and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic processes, indicating its potential application in immune-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Altan Rentsendorj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Koen Raedschelders
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dieu-Trang Fuchs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Julia Sheyn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vineet Vaibhav
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Porritt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Haoshen Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Yosef Koronyo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Keith L. Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bhakta Prasad Gaire
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Van Eyk
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kubat Oktem E, Aydin B, Yazar M, Arga KY. Integrative Analysis of Motor Neuron and Microglial Transcriptomes from SOD1 G93A Mice Models Uncover Potential Drug Treatments for ALS. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:2360-2376. [PMID: 36178612 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease of motor neurons that mainly affects the motor cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. Under disease conditions, microglia could possess two distinct profiles, M1 (toxic) and M2 (protective), with the M2 profile observed at disease onset. SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1) gene mutations account for up to 20% of familial ALS cases. Comparative gene expression differences in M2-protective (early) stage SOD1G93A microglia and age-matched SOD1G93A motor neurons are poorly understood. We evaluated the differential gene expression profiles in SOD1G93A microglia and SOD1G93A motor neurons utilizing publicly available transcriptomics data and bioinformatics analyses, constructed biomolecular networks around them, and identified gene clusters as potential drug targets. Following a drug repositioning strategy, 5 small compounds (belinostat, auranofin, BRD-K78930611, AZD-8055, and COT-10b) were repositioned as potential ALS therapeutic candidates that mimic the protective state of microglia and reverse the toxic state of motor neurons. We anticipate that this study will provide new insights into the ALS pathophysiology linking the M2 state of microglia and drug repositioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kubat Oktem
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Kuzey Yerleşkesi H Blok, Ünalan Sk. D100 Karayolu Yanyol 34700, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Busra Aydin
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Metin Yazar
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kazim Yalcin Arga
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nie QQ, Zheng ZQ, Liao J, Li YC, Chen YT, Wang TY, Yuan GQ, Wang Z, Xue Q. SPP1/AnxA1/TIMP1 as Essential Genes Regulate the Inflammatory Response in the Acute Phase of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4873-4890. [PMID: 36046663 PMCID: PMC9420928 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s369690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic injury in stroke is followed by extensive neurovascular inflammation and changes in ischemic penumbra gene expression patterns. However, the key molecules involved in the inflammatory response during the acute phase of ischemic stroke remain unclear. Methods Gene expression profiles of two rat ischemic stroke-related data sets, GSE61616 and GSE97537, were downloaded from the GEO database for Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Then, GEO2R was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Furthermore, 170 differentially expressed intersection genes were screened and analyzed for Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment. Candidate genes and miRNAs were obtained by DAVID, Metascape, Cytoscape, STRING, and TargetScan. Finally, the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was constructed, and qRT-PCR was used to verify the predicted potential miRNA molecule and its target genes. Results GO and KEGG analyses showed that 170 genes were highly associated with inflammatory cell activation and cytokine production. After cluster analysis, seven hub genes highly correlated with post-stroke neuroinflammation were obtained: Cxcl1, Kng1, Il6, AnxA1, TIMP1, SPP1, and Ccl6. The results of TargetScan further suggested that miR-340-5p may negatively regulate SPP1, AnxA1, and TIMP1 simultaneously. In the ischemic penumbra of rats 24 h after MCAO/R, the level of miR-340-5p significantly decreased compared with the control group, while the concentration of SPP1, AnxA1, and TIMP1 increased. Time-course studies demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of SPP1, AnxA1, and TIMP1 fluctuated dramatically throughout the acute phase of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Conclusion Our study suggests that differentially expressed genes SPP1, TIMP1, and ANXA1 may play a vital role in the inflammatory response during the acute phase of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. These genes may be negatively regulated by miR-340-5p. Our results may provide new insights into the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of secondary inflammation after stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Nie
- Department of Neurology & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Liao
- Department of Neurology & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ting Chen
- Department of Neurology & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Ye Wang
- Department of Neurology & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Qiang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changshu Second People's Hospital, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Xue
- Department of Neurology & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Osteopontin mediates the formation of corpora amylacea-like structures from degenerating neurons in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus after ischemia. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:443-463. [PMID: 35688947 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that osteopontin (OPN) is closely associated with calcium precipitation in response to ischemic brain insults. The present study was designed to elucidate the possible association between deposition of OPN and progressive neurodegeneration in the ischemic hippocampus. To address this, we analyzed the OPN deposits in the rat hippocampus after global cerebral ischemia in the chronic phase (4 to 12 weeks) after reperfusion using immunoelectron microscopy and correlative light and electron microscopy. We identified three different types of OPN deposits based on their morphological characteristics, numbered according to the order in which they evolved. Dark degenerative cells that retained cellular morphology were frequently observed in the pyramidal cell layer, and type I OPN deposits were degenerative mitochondria that accumulated among these cells. Type II deposits evolved into more complex amorphous structures with prominent OPN deposits within their periphery and within degenerative mitochondria-like structures. Finally, type III had large concentric laminated structures with irregularly shaped bodies in the center of the deposits. In all types, OPN expression was closely correlated with calcification, as confirmed by calcium fixation and Alizarin Red staining. Notably, type II and III deposits were highly reminiscent of corpora amylacea, glycoprotein-rich aggregates found in aged brains, or neurodegenerative disease, which was further confirmed by ubiquitin expression and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Overall, our data provide a novel link between ongoing neurodegeneration and the formation of corpora amylacea-like structures and calcium deposits in the ischemic hippocampus, suggesting that OPN may play an important role in such processes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Jia Y, Yao Y, Zhuo L, Chen X, Yan C, Ji Y, Tao J, Zhu Y. Aerobic Physical Exercise as a Non-medical Intervention for Brain Dysfunction: State of the Art and Beyond. Front Neurol 2022; 13:862078. [PMID: 35645958 PMCID: PMC9136296 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.862078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain disorders, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, depression, and chronic pain, are difficult to effectively treat. These major brain disorders have high incidence and mortality rates in the general population, and seriously affect not only the patient's quality of life, but also increases the burden of social medical care. Aerobic physical exercise is considered an effective adjuvant therapy for preventing and treating major brain disorders. Although the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still unknown, systemic processes may be involved. Here, this review aimed to reveal that aerobic physical exercise improved depression and several brain functions, including cognitive functions, and provided chronic pain relief. We concluded that aerobic physical exercise helps to maintain the regulatory mechanisms of brain homeostasis through anti-inflammatory mechanisms and enhanced synaptic plasticity and inhibition of hippocampal atrophy and neuronal apoptosis. In addition, we also discussed the cross-system mechanisms of aerobic exercise in regulating imbalances in brain function, such as the “bone-brain axis.” Furthermore, our findings provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of aerobic physical exercise in the fight against brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Jia
- School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yao
- School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Zhuo
- School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuina Yan
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghua Ji
- School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghua Ji
| | - Jie Tao
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Jie Tao
| | - Yudan Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Yudan Zhu
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim S, Lee W, Jo H, Sonn SK, Jeong SJ, Seo S, Suh J, Jin J, Kweon HY, Kim TK, Moon SH, Jeon S, Kim JW, Kim YR, Lee EW, Shin HK, Park SH, Oh GT. The antioxidant enzyme Peroxiredoxin-1 controls stroke-associated microglia against acute ischemic stroke. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102347. [PMID: 35688114 PMCID: PMC9184746 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sinai Kim
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyo Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Huiju Jo
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Keun Sonn
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jin Jeong
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Seungwoon Seo
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Joowon Suh
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Jin
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyae Yon Kweon
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyeong Kim
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Hye Moon
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejin Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Major in Bio-Vaccine Engineering Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Jong Woo Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yu Ri Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine 1672, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea.
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rosmus DD, Lange C, Ludwig F, Ajami B, Wieghofer P. The Role of Osteopontin in Microglia Biology: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040840. [PMID: 35453590 PMCID: PMC9027630 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune landscape of the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain and the retina, consists of different myeloid cell populations with distinct tasks to fulfill. Whereas the CNS borders harbor extraparenchymal CNS-associated macrophages whose main duty is to build up a defense against invading pathogens and other damaging factors from the periphery, the resident immune cells of the CNS parenchyma and the retina, microglia, are highly dynamic cells with a plethora of functions during homeostasis and disease. Therefore, microglia are constantly sensing their environment and closely interacting with surrounding cells, which is in part mediated by soluble factors. One of these factors is Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional protein that is produced by different cell types in the CNS, including microglia, and is upregulated in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory conditions. In this review, we discuss the current literature about the interaction between microglia and OPN in homeostasis and several disease entities, including multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s and cerebrovascular diseases (AD, CVD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR), in the context of the molecular pathways involved in OPN signaling shaping the function of microglia. As nearly all CNS diseases are characterized by pathological alterations in microglial cells, accompanied by the disturbance of the homeostatic microglia phenotype, the emergence of disease-associated microglia (DAM) states and their interplay with factors shaping the DAM-signature, such as OPN, is of great interest for therapeutical interventions in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Clemens Lange
- Eye Center, Freiburg Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.L.); (F.L.)
- Ophtha-Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, 48145 Muenster, Germany
| | - Franziska Ludwig
- Eye Center, Freiburg Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Bahareh Ajami
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Peter Wieghofer
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Cellular Neuroanatomy, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, Augsburg University, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Spitzer D, Guérit S, Puetz T, Khel MI, Armbrust M, Dunst M, Macas J, Zinke J, Devraj G, Jia X, Croll F, Sommer K, Filipski K, Freiman TM, Looso M, Günther S, Di Tacchio M, Plate KH, Reiss Y, Liebner S, Harter PN, Devraj K. Profiling the neurovascular unit unveils detrimental effects of osteopontin on the blood-brain barrier in acute ischemic stroke. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:305-337. [PMID: 35752654 PMCID: PMC9288377 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, characterized by degradation of BBB junctional proteins and increased permeability, is a crucial pathophysiological feature of acute ischemic stroke. Dysregulation of multiple neurovascular unit (NVU) cell types is involved in BBB breakdown in ischemic stroke that may be further aggravated by reperfusion therapy. Therefore, therapeutic co-targeting of dysregulated NVU cell types in acute ischemic stroke constitutes a promising strategy to preserve BBB function and improve clinical outcome. However, methods for simultaneous isolation of multiple NVU cell types from the same diseased central nervous system (CNS) tissue, crucial for the identification of therapeutic targets in dysregulated NVU cells, are lacking. Here, we present the EPAM-ia method, that facilitates simultaneous isolation and analysis of the major NVU cell types (endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes and microglia) for the identification of therapeutic targets in dysregulated NVU cells to improve the BBB function. Applying this method, we obtained a high yield of pure NVU cells from murine ischemic brain tissue, and generated a valuable NVU transcriptome database ( https://bioinformatics.mpi-bn.mpg.de/SGD_Stroke ). Dissection of the NVU transcriptome revealed Spp1, encoding for osteopontin, to be highly upregulated in all NVU cells 24 h after ischemic stroke. Upregulation of osteopontin was confirmed in stroke patients by immunostaining, which was comparable with that in mice. Therapeutic targeting by subcutaneous injection of an anti-osteopontin antibody post-ischemic stroke in mice resulted in neutralization of osteopontin expression in the NVU cell types investigated. Apart from attenuated glial activation, osteopontin neutralization was associated with BBB preservation along with decreased brain edema and reduced risk for hemorrhagic transformation, resulting in improved neurological outcome and survival. This was supported by BBB-impairing effects of osteopontin in vitro. The clinical significance of these findings is that anti-osteopontin antibody therapy might augment current approved reperfusion therapies in acute ischemic stroke by minimizing deleterious effects of ischemia-induced BBB disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Spitzer
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721LOEWE - Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sylvaine Guérit
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tim Puetz
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maryam I. Khel
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Moritz Armbrust
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maika Dunst
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jadranka Macas
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jenny Zinke
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gayatri Devraj
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Xiaoxiong Jia
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Florian Croll
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kathleen Sommer
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katharina Filipski
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.511198.5Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Freiman
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany ,grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721LOEWE - Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mariangela Di Tacchio
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Plate
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.511198.5Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721LOEWE - Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yvonne Reiss
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.511198.5Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721LOEWE - Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Liebner
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,Excellence Cluster Cardio Pulmonary System (CPI), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721LOEWE - Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patrick N. Harter
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.511198.5Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721LOEWE - Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kavi Devraj
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany. .,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60528, Frankfurt, Germany. .,LOEWE - Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Osteopontin accumulates in basal deposits of human eyes with age-related macular degeneration and may serve as a biomarker of aging. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:165-176. [PMID: 34389792 PMCID: PMC8786662 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A common clinical phenotype of several neurodegenerative and systemic disorders including Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis is the abnormal accumulation of extracellular material, which interferes with routine cellular functions. Similarly, patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of vision loss among the aged population, present with extracellular lipid- and protein-filled basal deposits in the back of the eye. While the exact mechanism of growth and formation of these deposits is poorly understood, much has been learned from investigating their composition, providing critical insights into AMD pathogenesis, prevention, and therapeutics. We identified human osteopontin (OPN), a phosphoprotein expressed in a variety of tissues in the body, as a newly discovered component of basal deposits in AMD patients, with a distinctive punctate staining pattern. OPN expression within these lesions, which are associated with AMD disease progression, were found to co-localize with abnormal calcium deposition. Additionally, OPN puncta colocalized with an AMD risk-associated complement pathway protein, but not with apolipoprotein E or vitronectin, two other well-established basal deposit components. Mechanistically, we found that retinal pigment epithelial cells, cells vulnerable in AMD, will secrete OPN into the extracellular space, under oxidative stress conditions, supporting OPN biosynthesis locally within the outer retina. Finally, we report that OPN levels in plasma of aged (non-AMD) human donors were significantly higher than levels in young (non-AMD) donors, but were not significantly different from donors with the different clinical subtypes of AMD. Collectively, our study defines the expression pattern of OPN in the posterior pole as a function of disease, and its local expression as a potential histopathologic biomarker of AMD.
Collapse
|
14
|
Nilsson G, Baburamani AA, Rutherford MA, Zhu C, Mallard C, Hagberg H, Vontell R, Wang X. White matter injury but not germinal matrix hemorrhage induces elevated osteopontin expression in human preterm brains. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:166. [PMID: 34654477 PMCID: PMC8518254 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a matricellular protein that mediates various physiological functions and is implicated in neuroinflammation, myelination, and perinatal brain injury. However, its expression in association with brain injury in preterm infants is unexplored. Here we examined the expression of OPN in postmortem brains of preterm infants and explored how this expression is affected in brain injury. We analyzed brain sections from cases with white matter injury (WMI) and cases with germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) and compared them to control cases having no brain injury. WMI cases displayed moderate to severe tissue injury in the periventricular and deep white matter that was accompanied by an increase of microglia with amoeboid morphology. Apart from visible hemorrhage in the germinal matrix, GMH cases displayed diffuse white matter injury in the periventricular and deep white matter. In non-injured preterm brains, OPN was expressed at low levels in microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. OPN expression was significantly increased in regions with white matter injury in both WMI cases and GMH cases. The main cellular source of OPN in white matter injury areas was amoeboid microglia, although a significant increase was also observed in astrocytes in WMI cases. OPN was not expressed in the germinal matrix of any case, regardless of whether there was hemorrhage. In conclusion, preterm brain injury induces elevated OPN expression in microglia and astrocytes, and this increase is found in sites closely related to injury in the white matter regions but not with the hemorrhage site in the germinal matrix. Thus, it appears that OPN takes part in the inflammatory process in white matter injury in preterm infants, and these findings facilitate our understanding of OPN's role under both physiological and pathological conditions in the human brain that may lead to greater elucidation of disease mechanisms and potentially better treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Nilsson
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ana A Baburamani
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mary A Rutherford
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Carina Mallard
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Regina Vontell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
- University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Davaanyam D, Kim ID, Lee JK. Intranasal Delivery of RGD-Containing Osteopontin Heptamer Peptide Confers Neuroprotection in the Ischemic Brain and Augments Microglia M2 Polarization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189999. [PMID: 34576163 PMCID: PMC8466884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN), a phosphorylated glycoprotein, is induced in response to tissue damage and inflammation in various organs, including the brain. In our previous studies, we reported the robust neuroprotective effects of the icosamer OPN peptide OPNpt20, containing arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) and serine-leucine-alanine-tyrosine (SLAY) motifs, in an animal model of transient focal ischemia and demonstrated that its anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and phagocytosis inducing functions are responsible for the neuroprotective effects. In the present study, we truncated OPNpt20 to 13 or 7 amino acid peptides containing RGD (R) and/or SLAY (S) motifs (OPNpt13RS, OPNpt7R, OPNpt7RS, and OPNpt7S), and their neuroprotective efficacy was examined in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Intranasal administration of all four peptides significantly reduced infarct volume; OPNpt7R (VPNGRGD), the 7-amino-acid peptide containing an RGD motif, was determined to be the most potent, with efficacy comparable to that of OPNpt20. Additionally, sensory–motor functional deficits of OPNpt7R-administered MCAO animals were significantly improved, as indicated by the modified neurological severity scores and rotarod test. Notably, the expression of M1 markers was suppressed, whereas that of M2 markers (Arginase 1, CD206, and VEGF) was significantly enhanced in OPNpt7R-treated primary microglia cultures. Inflammation resolution by OPNpt7R was further confirmed in MCAO animals, in which upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (Arg1, IL-10, IL-4, and CD36) and enhanced efferocytosis were detected. Moreover, studies using three mutant peptides (OPNpt7R-RAA or OPNpt7R-RAD, where RGD was replaced with RAA or RAD, respectively, and OPNpt7R-sc containing scrambled sequences) revealed that the RGD motif plays a vital role in conferring neuroprotection. In conclusion, the RGD-containing OPN heptamer OPNpt7R exhibits neuroprotective effects in the post-ischemic brain by suppressing M1 markers and augmenting M2 polarization of microglia and the RGD motif plays a critical role in these activities.
Collapse
|
16
|
Drzeniek NM, Mazzocchi A, Schlickeiser S, Forsythe SD, Moll G, Geißler S, Reinke P, Gossen M, Gorantla VS, Volk HD, Soker S. Bio-instructive hydrogel expands the paracrine potency of mesenchymal stem cells. Biofabrication 2021; 13:10.1088/1758-5090/ac0a32. [PMID: 34111862 PMCID: PMC10024818 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac0a32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of clinically applied mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is limited due to their injection into harshin vivoenvironments, resulting in the significant loss of their secretory function upon transplantation. A potential strategy for preserving their full therapeutic potential is encapsulation of MSCs in a specialized protective microenvironment, for example hydrogels. However, commonly used injectable hydrogels for cell delivery fail to provide the bio-instructive cues needed to sustain and stimulate cellular therapeutic functions. Here we introduce a customizable collagen I-hyaluronic acid (COL-HA)-based hydrogel platform for the encapsulation of MSCs. Cells encapsulated within COL-HA showed a significant expansion of their secretory profile compared to MSCs cultured in standard (2D) cell culture dishes or encapsulated in other hydrogels. Functionalization of the COL-HA backbone with thiol-modified glycoproteins such as laminin led to further changes in the paracrine profile of MSCs. In depth profiling of more than 250 proteins revealed an expanded secretion profile of proangiogenic, neuroprotective and immunomodulatory paracrine factors in COL-HA-encapsulated MSCs with a predicted augmented pro-angiogenic potential. This was confirmed by increased capillary network formation of endothelial cells stimulated by conditioned media from COL-HA-encapsulated MSCs. Our findings suggest that encapsulation of therapeutic cells in a protective COL-HA hydrogel layer provides the necessary bio-instructive cues to maintain and direct their therapeutic potential. Our customizable hydrogel combines bioactivity and clinically applicable properties such as injectability, on-demand polymerization and tissue-specific elasticity, all features that will support and improve the ability to successfully deliver functional MSCs into patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norman M Drzeniek
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Mazzocchi
- Known Medicine Inc., 675 Arapeen Dr, Suite 103A-1, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States of America.,Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States of America
| | - Stephan Schlickeiser
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Steven D Forsythe
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States of America
| | - Guido Moll
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Geißler
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manfred Gossen
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany.,Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstr. 55, Teltow 14513, Germany
| | - Vijay S Gorantla
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States of America
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu L, Cao Q, Gao W, Li B, Xia Z, Zhao B. Melatonin protects against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic mice by ameliorating mitochondrial impairments: involvement of the Akt-SIRT3-SOD2 signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16105-16123. [PMID: 34118791 PMCID: PMC8266371 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic patients are more vulnerable to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury and have a worse prognosis and higher mortality after ischemic stroke than non-diabetic counterparts. Melatonin can exert neuroprotective effects against CIR injury in nondiabetic animal models. However, its effects on diabetic CIR injury and the underlying mechanisms remain unclarified. Herein, we found that melatonin administration improved neurological deficit, cerebral infarct volume, brain edema, and cell viability, reduced mitochondrial swelling, reactive oxygen species generation, and cytoplasmic cytochrome C release, and increased mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes activities, adenosine triphosphate production, and mitochondrial membrane potential in both streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and high glucose-treated HT22 cells. Importantly, melatonin also activated protein kinase B (Akt) and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3)/superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) signaling and upregulated mitochondrial biogenesis-related transcription factors. However, these effects were largely attenuated by LY294002 (a specific Akt signaling blocker) administration. Additionally, 3-TYP (a selective SIRT3 inhibitor) and SIRT3 siRNA inhibited the above protective effects of melatonin as well as the upregulation of SIRT3 and the decrease of SOD2 acetylation but did not affect the p-Akt/Akt ratio. Overall, we demonstrate that melatonin can alleviate CIR injury in diabetic mice by activating Akt-SIRT3-SOD2 signaling and subsequently improving mitochondrial damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Quan Cao
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Wenwei Gao
- Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Bingyu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen H, Shang D, Wen Y, Liang C. Bone-Derived Modulators That Regulate Brain Function: Emerging Therapeutic Targets for Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:683457. [PMID: 34179014 PMCID: PMC8222721 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.683457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone has traditionally been regarded as a structural organ that supports and protects the various organs of the body. Recent studies suggest that bone also acts as an endocrine organ to regulate whole-body metabolism. Particularly, homeostasis of the bone is shown to be necessary for brain development and function. Abnormal bone metabolism is associated with the onset and progression of neurological disorders. Recently, multiple bone-derived modulators have been shown to participate in brain function and neurological disorders, including osteocalcin, lipocalin 2, and osteopontin, as have bone marrow-derived cells such as mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and microglia-like cells. This review summarizes current findings regarding the roles of these bone-derived modulators in the brain, and also follows their involvement in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. The content of this review may aide in the development of promising therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders via targeting bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Chen
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewei Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuguan Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cappellano G, Vecchio D, Magistrelli L, Clemente N, Raineri D, Barbero Mazzucca C, Virgilio E, Dianzani U, Chiocchetti A, Comi C. The Yin-Yang of osteopontin in nervous system diseases: damage versus repair. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1131-1137. [PMID: 33269761 PMCID: PMC8224140 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin is a broadly expressed pleiotropic protein, and is attracting increased attention because of its role in the pathophysiology of several inflammatory, degenerative, autoimmune, and oncologic diseases. In fact, in the last decade, several studies have shown that osteopontin contributes to tissue damage not only by recruiting harmful inflammatory cells to the site of lesion, but also increasing their survival. The detrimental role of osteopontin has been indeed well documented in the context of different neurological conditions (i.e., multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's diseases). Intriguingly, recent findings show that osteopontin is involved not only in promoting tissue damage (the Yin), but also in repair/regenerative mechanisms (the Yang), mostly triggered by the inflammatory response. These two apparently discordant roles are partly related to the presence of different functional domains in the osteopontin molecule, which are exposed after thrombin or metalloproteases cleavages. Such functional domains may in turn activate intracellular signaling pathways and mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. This review describes the current knowledge on the Yin and Yang features of osteopontin in nervous system diseases. Understanding the mechanisms behind the Yin/Yang would be relevant to develop highly specific tools targeting this multifunctional protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cappellano
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD); Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Domizia Vecchio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Neurology Unit, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Magistrelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Neurology Unit, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara; PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Medical Humanities, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Raineri
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD); Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Camilla Barbero Mazzucca
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD); Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Virgilio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Neurology Unit, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD); Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD); Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Neurology Unit, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Roles of Osteopontin in the Pathogenesis of West Nile Encephalitis. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040748. [PMID: 33317005 PMCID: PMC7768535 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional protein encoded by the secreted phosphoprotein-1 (Spp-1) gene in humans, plays important roles in a variety of physiological conditions, such as biomineralization, bone remodeling and immune functions. OPN also has significant roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune, allergy and inflammatory diseases, as well as bacterial, fungal and viral infections. West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, is the leading agent for viral encephalitis in North America. Recent progress has been made in understanding both the biological functions of OPN and the pathogenesis of WNV. In this review article, we have summarized the current understanding of the biology of OPN and its vital roles in the pathogenesis of WNV encephalitis.
Collapse
|
21
|
The role of peripheral monocytes and macrophages in ischemic stroke. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:3589-3607. [PMID: 33009963 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
After acute ischemic stroke (AIS), peripheral monocytes infiltrate into the lesion site within 24 h, peak at 3 to 7 days, and then differentiate into macrophages. Traditionally, monocytes/macrophages (MMs) are thought to play a deleterious role in AIS. Depletion of MMs in the acute phase can alleviate brain injury induced by ischemia. However, several studies have shown that MMs have anti-inflammatory functions, participate in angiogenesis, phagocytose necrotic neurons, and promote neurovascular repair. Therefore, MMs play dual roles in ischemic stroke, depending mainly upon the MM microenvironment and the window of time post-stroke. Because activated microglia and MMs are similar in morphology and function, previous studies have often investigated them together. However, recent studies have used special methods to distinguish MMs from microglia and have found that MMs have properties which differ from microglia. Here, we review the unique role of MMs and the interaction between MMs and neurovascular units, including neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and microvessels. Future therapeutics targeting MMs should regulate the polarization and subset transformation of the MMs at different stages of AIS rather than comprehensively suppressing MM infiltration and differentiation. In addition, more studies are needed to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of MM subsets and polarization during ischemic stroke.
Collapse
|
22
|
Early Blood Biomarkers Distinguish Inflammation from Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemia Encephalopathy. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2712-2722. [PMID: 32895759 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is the most common cause of neurological disability in infancy. Superimposed inflammation may further worsen neurological outcomes. Reliable biomarkers which are both sensitive to hypoxic-ischemia and inflammation are critically needed. We tested plasma osteopontin (OPN) and glial fibrillary astrocytic protein (GFAP) within the reported therapeutic window (90 min after hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury) in neonatal rats with different HI severity and inflammation. Two different HI severity groups (mild-HI with 75 min hypoxia and severe-HI with 150 min hypoxia) were established. Inflammation-sensitized HI brain injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) further increased apoptotic neurons and infarct volumes. In HI alone groups, OPN was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) but GFAP was slightly increased (p < 0.05) at 90 min after HI either in mild-HI or severe-HI compared with naïve group. In LPS-sensitized HI groups, both OPN and GFAP were significantly increased either in LPS-mild-HI or LPS-severe-HI groups compared with the naïve group (all p < 0.05). Induced inflammation by LPS exaggerated neonatal HI brain injury. The plasma OPN and GFAP levels may be useful to differentiate HI alone groups from inflammation-sensitized HI groups or naïve group.
Collapse
|
23
|
Protective Mechanism and Treatment of Neurogenesis in Cerebral Ischemia. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2258-2277. [PMID: 32794152 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide and is a main cause of disability in adults. Neither currently marketed drugs nor commonly used treatments can promote nerve repair and neurogenesis after stroke, and the repair of neurons damaged by ischemia has become a research focus. This article reviews several possible mechanisms of stroke and neurogenesis and introduces novel neurogenic agents (fibroblast growth factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, purine nucleosides, resveratrol, S-nitrosoglutathione, osteopontin, etc.) as well as other treatments that have shown neuroprotective or neurogenesis-promoting effects.
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen D, Zhang T, Lee TH. Cellular Mechanisms of Melatonin: Insight from Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081158. [PMID: 32784556 PMCID: PMC7464852 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are the second most common cause of death and characterized by progressive impairments in movement or mental functioning in the central or peripheral nervous system. The prevention of neurodegenerative disorders has become an emerging public health challenge for our society. Melatonin, a pineal hormone, has various physiological functions in the brain, including regulating circadian rhythms, clearing free radicals, inhibiting biomolecular oxidation, and suppressing neuroinflammation. Cumulative evidence indicates that melatonin has a wide range of neuroprotective roles by regulating pathophysiological mechanisms and signaling pathways. Moreover, melatonin levels are decreased in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the regulation, molecular mechanisms and biological functions of melatonin in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, vascular dementia and multiple sclerosis. We also discuss the clinical application of melatonin in neurodegenerative disorders. This information will lead to a better understanding of the regulation of melatonin in the brain and provide therapeutic options for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Chen
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (T.H.L.); Tel.: +86-591-2286-2498 (D.C.); +86-591-2286-2498 (T.H.L.)
| | | | - Tae Ho Lee
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (T.H.L.); Tel.: +86-591-2286-2498 (D.C.); +86-591-2286-2498 (T.H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhou Y, Yao Y, Sheng L, Zhang J, Zhang JH, Shao A. Osteopontin as a candidate of therapeutic application for the acute brain injury. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8918-8929. [PMID: 32657030 PMCID: PMC7417697 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute brain injury is the leading cause of human death and disability worldwide, which includes intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, cerebral ischaemia, traumatic brain injury and hypoxia‐ischaemia brain injury. Currently, clinical treatments for neurological dysfunction of acute brain injury have not been satisfactory. Osteopontin (OPN) is a complex adhesion protein and cytokine that interacts with multiple receptors including integrins and CD44 variants, exhibiting mostly neuroprotective roles and showing therapeutic potential for acute brain injury. OPN‐induced tissue remodelling and functional repair mainly rely on its positive roles in the coordination of pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory responses, blood‐brain barrier maintenance and anti‐apoptotic actions, as well as other mechanisms such as affecting the chemotaxis and proliferation of nerve cells. The blood OPN strongly parallel with the OPN induced in the brain and can be used as a novel biomarker of the susceptibility, severity and outcome of acute brain injury. In the present review, we summarized the molecular signalling mechanisms of OPN as well as its overall role in different kinds of acute brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihan Yao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lesang Sheng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery and Neurology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
A high-fat diet rich in corn oil exaggerates the infarct size and memory impairment in rats with cerebral ischemia and is associated with suppressing osteopontin and Akt, and activating GS3Kβ, iNOS, and NF-κB. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:393-406. [PMID: 32488539 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00744-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The increase in osteopontin (OPN) levels after stroke induces neural protection by activating Akt signaling and inhibiting GS3Kβ, iNOS, and NF-κB. This study investigated the effect of a high-fat diet rich in corn oil (CO-HFD) on infarct size and memory function in rats after induction of cerebral ischemia in rats and investigated its effect on the expression of OPN/Akt/iNOS/NF-κB signaling pathways. Rats were initially fed a standard diet (STD, 3.82 kcal/g; 9.4%, from fat) or a CO-HFD (5.4 kcal/g, 40% from fat) for 12 weeks. Then, both groups were further subdivided into either sham group or group exposed to cerebral ischemia by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) protocol. Compared with sham-operated rats fed STD diet, neurological scores and both short- and long-term memory functions were significantly impaired in sham-operated CO-HFD-fed rats. In addition, brains collected from CO-HFD-fed rats showed lower protein levels of OPN, p-Akt (Thr308), p-GS3Kβ (Ser9), and Bcl-2 and had higher protein levels of iNOS, cleaved caspase-3, nuclear NF-κB p65, and cytoplasmic cytochrome C. However, once exposed to MCAO surgery, similar but more profound alterations of all these biochemical parameters with more severe impairment in short- and long-term memory functions and larger infarct size were noticed in the brains of CO-HFD-fed rats as compared with STD-fed rats exposed to MCAO. In conclusion, chronic consumption of CO-HFD induces memory impairments and worsens memory function recovery and infarct size after cerebral ischemia in rats by reducing levels of OPN, inhibiting the activation of Akt and activating iNOS and NF-κB.
Collapse
|
27
|
Intrathecal Infusion of Autologous Adipose-Derived Regenerative Cells in Autoimmune Refractory Epilepsy: Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:7104243. [PMID: 32190059 PMCID: PMC7066423 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7104243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective/Purpose. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) treatment in autoimmune refractory epilepsy. Patients. Six patients with proven or probable autoimmune refractory epilepsy (2 with Rasmussen encephalitis, 2 with antineuronal autoantibodies in serum, and 2 with possible FIRES) were included in the project with approval of the Bioethics Committee.
Collapse
|
28
|
Sequential Transcriptome Changes in the Penumbra after Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246349. [PMID: 31888302 PMCID: PMC6940916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the changes in the expression of specific genes that occur during the acute-to-chronic post-stroke phase, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between naive cortical tissues and peri-infarct tissues at 1, 4, and 8 weeks after photothrombotic stroke. The profiles of DEGs were subjected to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and gene ontology analyses, followed by string analysis of the protein-protein interactions (PPI) of the products of these genes. We found 3771, 536, and 533 DEGs at 1, 4, and 8 weeks after stroke, respectively. A marked decrease in biological-process categories, such as brain development and memory, and a decrease in neurotransmitter synaptic and signaling pathways were observed 1 week after stroke. The PPI analysis showed the downregulation of Dlg4, Bdnf, Gria1, Rhoa, Mapk8, and glutamatergic receptors. An increase in biological-process categories, including cell population proliferation, cell adhesion, and inflammatory responses, was detected at 4 and 8 weeks post-stroke. The KEGG pathways of complement and coagulation cascades, phagosomes, antigen processing, and antigen presentation were also altered. CD44, C1, Fcgr2b, Spp1, and Cd74 occupied a prominent position in network analyses. These time-dependent changes in gene profiles reveal the unique pathophysiological characteristics of stroke and suggest new therapeutic targets for this disease.
Collapse
|
29
|
Grand Moursel L, van der Graaf LM, Bulk M, van Roon‐Mom WM, van der Weerd L. Osteopontin and phospho-SMAD2/3 are associated with calcification of vessels in D-CAA, an hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Brain Pathol 2019; 29:793-802. [PMID: 30868685 PMCID: PMC6850614 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In severe forms of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) pathology, vascular calcification has been observed in the cerebral cortex, both in vivo on MRI and CT, and post-mortem using histopathology. However, the pathomechanisms leading to calcification of CAA-laden arteries are unknown. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between calcification of cortical arterioles and several potential modulators of vascular calcification using immunohistochemistry in a unique collection of brain material of patients with a hereditary form of CAA, namely hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis-Dutch type (HCHWA-D or D-CAA). We show a topographical association of osteopontin (OPN) and TGFβ signaling factor phospho-SMAD2/3 (pSMAD2/3) in calcified CAA vessel walls. OPN and pSMAD2/3 gradually accumulate in vessels prior to calcification. Moreover, we found that the vascular accumulation of Collagen 1 (Col1), OPN and pSMAD2/3 immunomarkers correlated with the CAA severity. This was independently of the vessel size, including capillaries in the most severe cases. We propose that calcification of CAA vessels in the observed HCHWA-D cases may be induced by extracellular OPN trapped in the fibrotic Col1 vessel wall, independently of the presence of vascular amyloid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Grand Moursel
- Department of Human GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Linda M. van der Graaf
- Department of Human GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Bulk
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Louise van der Weerd
- Department of Human GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Riew TR, Kim S, Jin X, Kim HL, Lee JH, Lee MY. Osteopontin and its spatiotemporal relationship with glial cells in the striatum of rats treated with mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid: possible involvement in phagocytosis. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:99. [PMID: 31088570 PMCID: PMC6518780 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteopontin (OPN, SPP1) is upregulated in response to acute brain injury, and based on its immunoreactivity, two distinct forms have been identified: intracellular OPN within brain macrophages and small granular OPN, identified as OPN-coated degenerated neurites. This study investigates the spatiotemporal relationship between punctate OPN deposition and astroglial and microglial reactions elicited by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with mitochondrial toxin 3-NP and euthanized at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. Quantitative and qualitative light and electron microscopic techniques were used to assess the relationship between OPN and glial cells. Statistical significance was determined by Student’s t test or a one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Results Punctate OPN-immunoreactive profiles were synthesized and secreted by amoeboid-like brain macrophages in the lesion core, but not by reactive astrocytes and activated microglia with a stellate shape in the peri-lesional area. Punctate OPN accumulation was detected only in the lesion core away from reactive astrocytes in the peri-lesional area at day 3, but had direct contact with, and even overlapped with astroglial processes at day 7. The distance between the OPN-positive area and the astrocytic scar significantly decreased from days 3 to 7. By days 14 and 28 post-lesion, when the glial scar was fully formed, punctate OPN distribution mostly overlapped with the astrocytic scar. Three-dimensional reconstructions and quantitative image analysis revealed numerous granular OPN puncta inside the cytoplasm of reactive astrocytes and brain macrophages. Reactive astrocytes showed prominent expression of the lysosomal marker lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1, and ultrastructural analysis confirmed OPN-coated degenerating neurites inside astrocytes, suggesting the phagocytosis of OPN puncta by reactive astrocytes after injury. Conclusions Punctate OPN-immunoreactive profiles corresponded to OPN-coated degenerated neurites, which were closely associated with, or completely engulfed by, the reactive astrocytes forming the astroglial scar in 3-NP lesioned striatum, suggesting that OPN may cause astrocytes to migrate towards these degenerated neurites in the lesion core to establish physical contact with, and possibly, to phagocytose them. Our results provide novel insights essential to understanding the recovery and repair of the central nervous system tissue. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1489-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ryong Riew
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuyan Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Lim Kim
- Integrative Research Support Center, Laboratory of Electron Microscope, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.,The Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Yong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted glycosylated phosphoprotein that influences cell survival, inflammation, migration, and homeostasis after injury. As the role of OPN in the retina remains unclear, this study issue was addressed by aiming to study how the absence of OPN in knock-out mice affects the retina and the influence of age on these effects. The study focused on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and glial cells (astrocytes, Müller cells, and resident microglia) in 3- and 20-month-old mice. The number of RGCs in the retina was quantified and the area occupied by astrocytes was measured. In addition, the morphology of Müller cells and microglia was examined in retinal sections. The deficiency in OPN reduces RGC density by 25.09% at 3 months of age and by 60.37% at 20 months of age. The astrocyte area was also reduced by 51.01% in 3-month-old mice and by 57.84% at 20 months of age, although Müller glia and microglia did not seem to be affected by the lack of OPN. This study demonstrates the influence of OPN on astrocytes and RGCs, whereby the absence of OPN in the retina diminishes the area occupied by astrocytes and produces a secondary reduction in the number of RGCs. Accordingly, OPN could be a target to develop therapies to combat neurodegenerative diseases and astrocytes may represent a key mediator of such effects.
Collapse
|
32
|
Ozaki T, Nakamura H, Kishima H. Therapeutic strategy against ischemic stroke with the concept of neurovascular unit. Neurochem Int 2019; 126:246-251. [PMID: 30946849 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability globally. Although thrombolytic therapy by t-PA and mechanical thrombectomy have improved outcomes of ischemic stroke patients, both of these approaches are applicable to limited numbers of patients owing to their time constraints. Therefore, development of other treatment approaches such as developing neuroprotective drugs and nerve regeneration therapy is required to overcome ischemic stroke. The concept of the neurovascular unit (NVU) was formalized by the Stroke Progress Review Group of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in 2001. This concept emphasizes the importance not just of neurons but of the interactions between neurons, endothelial cells, astroglia, microglia and associated tissue matrix proteins to investigate the pathological condition of ischemic stroke. Many reports have been published about these interactions. This review focuses on the roles of cells that surround cerebral vasculature, especially endothelial cells, and reports therapeutic strategies against ischemic stroke from four points of view including angiogenesis, neurotrophic effects, protection of NVU components and regenerative therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Ozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan.
| | - Hajime Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kishima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Enkhjargal B, Malaguit J, Ho WM, Jiang W, Wan W, Wang G, Tang J, Zhang JH. Vitamin D attenuates cerebral artery remodeling through VDR/AMPK/eNOS dimer phosphorylation pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:272-284. [PMID: 28825325 PMCID: PMC6365598 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17726287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of vitamin D3 (VitD3) in the upregulation of osteopontin (OPN) and eNOS in the endothelium of cerebral arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is investigated. The endovascular perforation SAH model in Sprague-Dawley rats ( n = 103) was used. The VitD3 pretreatment (30 ng/kg) increased endogenous OPN and eNOS expression in cerebral arteries compared with naïve rats ( n = 5 per group). Neurobehavioral scores were significantly improved in Pre-SAH+VitD3 group compared with the SAH group. The effects of VitD3 were attenuated by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injections of siRNA for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and OPN in Pre-SAH+VitD3+VDR siRNA and Pre-SAH+VitD3+OPN siRNA rats, respectively ( n = 5 per group). The significant increase of VDR, OPN and decrease of C44 splicing in the cerebral arteries of Pre-SAH+VitD3 rats lead to an increase in basilar artery lumen. The increase in VDR expression led to an upregulation and phosphorylation of AMPK and eNOS, especially dimer form, in endothelium of cerebral artery. The results provide that VitD3 pretreatment attenuates cerebral artery remodeling and vasospasm through the upregulation of OPN and phosphorylation of AMPK (p-AMPK) and eNOS (p-eNOS) at Ser1177-Dimer in the cerebral arteries. Vitamin D may be a useful new preventive and therapeutic strategy against cerebral artery remodeling in stroke patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Budbazar Enkhjargal
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jay Malaguit
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Wing M Ho
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Wu Jiang
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Weifeng Wan
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Gaiqing Wang
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Osteopontin protects against lung injury caused by extracellular histones. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:39-50. [PMID: 30115999 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular histones are present in the airways because of cell death occurring during inflammation. They promote inflammation and cause tissue damage due to their cationic nature. The anionic phosphoglycoprotein osteopontin (OPN) is expressed at high levels during airway inflammation and has been ascribed both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles. In this study, it was hypothesized that OPN may neutralize the harmful activities of extracellular histones at the airway mucosal surface. In a model of histone-induced acute lung injury, OPN-/- mice showed increased inflammation and tissue injury, and succumbed within 24 h, whereas wild-type mice showed lower degrees of inflammation and no mortality. In lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury, wild-type mice showed less inflammation and tissue injury than OPN-/- mice. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from ARDS patients, high levels of OPN and also histone-OPN complexes were detected. In addition, OPN bound to histones with high affinity in vitro, resulting in less cytotoxicity and reduced formation of tissue-damaging neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The interaction between OPN and histones was dependent on posttranslational modification of OPN, i.e., phosphorylation. The findings demonstrate a novel role for OPN, modulating the pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties of free histones.
Collapse
|
35
|
Enhancing Base Excision Repair of Mitochondrial DNA to Reduce Ischemic Injury Following Reperfusion. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 10:664-671. [PMID: 30535792 PMCID: PMC6842339 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesize that enhancing mitochondrial base excision repair (BER) capability in brain will reduce reperfusion-associated ischemic brain injury. Post-stroke reperfusion was modeled in mice via transient filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (60 min) (transient MCAO). Administration of a TAT-modified form of a DNA glycosylase (EndoIII) following reperfusion of the brain reduced resultant brain infarct volume. Protection was dose-dependent, BER enzyme specific, and regionally specific (more effective via the jugular vein). EndoIII is compatible with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). The time window of a single dose of EndoIII effect is 3 h following reperfusion onset. These data suggest a novel approach to enhance protection of reperfused brain in the setting of revascularization procedures (thrombectomy or thrombolytic therapy) following stroke.
Collapse
|
36
|
Sayeed I, Turan N, Stein DG, Wali B. Vitamin D deficiency increases blood-brain barrier dysfunction after ischemic stroke in male rats. Exp Neurol 2018; 312:63-71. [PMID: 30502340 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Because vitamin D hormone deficiency (VDHdef) can worsen severity and outcome for ischemic stroke, we examined the role of VDH in maintaining blood-brain-barrier (BBB integrity) in a rat model of stroke. In most types of stroke, the BBB is markedly compromised, potentially leading to a cascade of injury processes and functional deficits, so we examined a number of biomarkers associated with BBB disruption to determine whether VDH deficiency would further compromise the BBB following a stroke. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of two diet cohorts, VDH-sufficient (VDHsuf) and VDHdef. The VDHsuf group was fed standard rat chow and the VDHdef group got a VDH-null version of the same diet for 8 weeks. Animals from both cohorts were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) surgery, killed at 72 h post-stroke, and their brains evaluated for BBB permeability and injury severity using expression of immunoglobulin (IgG), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity and alteration of tight junction (TJ) proteins as markers of BBB disruption. We also evaluated modulation of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1), osteopontin (OPN), β-catenin and vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in VDHsuf and VDHdef subjects. At the time of MCAO, rats on the VDHdef diet had circulating VDH levels one-fourth that of rats fed control chow. IgG extravasation after MCAO, indicating more severe BBB injury, was significantly higher in the MCAO+VDHdef than the MCAO+VDHsuf rats. Following MCAO, expression of MMP-9, GLUT1, VDR and OPN increased and the TJ proteins occludin and claudin-5 decreased significantly in the VDHdef compared to the VDHsuf group. We also observed significantly lower expression of β-catenin in the MCAO group of both VDHsuf and VDHdef rats. Under these conditions, VDH deficiency itself can compromise the BBB. We think that low serum VDH levels are likely to complicate stroke severity and its chronic consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Sayeed
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brain Research Laboratory, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nefize Turan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Donald G Stein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brain Research Laboratory, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bushra Wali
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brain Research Laboratory, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ladwig A, Rogall R, Hucklenbroich J, Willuweit A, Schoeneck M, Langen KJ, Fink GR, Rueger MA, Schroeter M. Osteopontin Attenuates Secondary Neurodegeneration in the Thalamus after Experimental Stroke. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2018; 14:295-311. [PMID: 30488353 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-9826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cortical cerebral ischemia elicits neuroinflammation as well as secondary neuronal degeneration in remote areas. Locally distinct and specific secondary neurodegeneration affecting thalamic nuclei connected to cortical areas highlights such processes. Osteopontin (OPN) is a cytokine-like glycoprotein that is excreted in high amounts after cerebral ischemia and exerts various immunomodulatory functions. We here examined putative protective effects of OPN in secondary thalamic degeneration. We subjected male Wistar rats to photothrombosis and subsequently injected OPN or placebo intracerebroventricularly. Immunohistochemical and fluorescence staining was used to detect the extent of neuronal degeneration and microglia activation. Ex vivo autoradiography with radiotracers available for human in vivo PET studies, i.e., CIS-4-[18F]Fluor-D-Proline (D-cis-[18F]FPRO), and [6-3H]thymidine ([3H]thymidine), confirmed degeneration and proliferation, respectively. We found secondary neurodegeneration in the thalamus characterized by microglial activation and neuronal loss. Neuronal loss was restricted to areas of microglial infiltration. Treatment with OPN significantly decreased neurodegeneration, inflammation and microglial proliferation. Microglia displayed morphological signs of activation without expressing markers of M1 or M2 polarization. D-CIS-[18F]FPRO-uptake mirrored attenuated degeneration in OPN-treated animals. Notably, [3H]thymidine and BrdU-staining revealed increased stem cell proliferation after treatment with OPN. The data suggest that OPN is able to ameliorate secondary neurodegeneration in thalamic nuclei. These effects can be visualized by radiotracers D-CIS-[18F]FPRO and [3H]thymidine, opening new vistas for translational studies. Graphical Abstract Intracerebroventricular injection of osteopontin attenuates thalamic degeneration after cortical ischemia (pink area). Disruption of thalamocortical connections (blue) and degeneration of thalamic nuclei (encircled) leads to microglia activation. Osteopontin protects from both neurodegeneration and microglia activation as assessed by histological analysis and autoradiograpic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ladwig
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Rogall
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Hucklenbroich
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Gereon R Fink
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.,INM-3, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - M Adele Rueger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.,INM-3, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Michael Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany. .,INM-3, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liquefaction of the Brain following Stroke Shares a Similar Molecular and Morphological Profile with Atherosclerosis and Mediates Secondary Neurodegeneration in an Osteopontin-Dependent Mechanism. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-CFN-0076-18. [PMID: 30417081 PMCID: PMC6223114 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0076-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we used mouse models of heart and brain ischemia to compare the inflammatory response to ischemia in the heart, a protein rich organ, to the inflammatory response to ischemia in the brain, a lipid rich organ. We report that ischemia-induced inflammation resolves between one and four weeks in the heart compared to between eight and 24 weeks in the brain. Importantly, we discovered that a second burst of inflammation occurs in the brain between four and eight weeks following ischemia, which coincided with the appearance of cholesterol crystals within the infarct. This second wave shares a similar cellular and molecular profile with atherosclerosis and is characterized by high levels of osteopontin (OPN) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In order to test the role of OPN in areas of liquefactive necrosis, OPN-/- mice were subjected to brain ischemia. We found that at seven weeks following stroke, the expression of pro-inflammatory proteins and MMPs was profoundly reduced in the infarct of the OPN-/- mice, although the number of cholesterol crystals was increased. OPN-/- mice exhibited faster recovery of motor function and a higher number of neuronal nuclei (NeuN) positive cells in the peri-infarct area at seven weeks following stroke. Based on these findings we propose that the brain liquefies after stroke because phagocytic cells in the infarct are unable to efficiently clear cholesterol rich myelin debris, and that this leads to the perpetuation of an OPN-dependent inflammatory response characterized by high levels of degradative enzymes.
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen Y, Wang L, Zhang L, Chen B, Yang L, Li X, Li Y, Yu H. Inhibition of Connexin 43 Hemichannels Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via the TLR4 Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:372. [PMID: 30386214 PMCID: PMC6199357 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43) widely exists in all components of the neurovascular unit (NVU) and is a constituent of gap junctions and hemichannels. In physiological states, gap junctions are open for regular intercellular communication, and the hemichannels present low open probability in astrocytes. After cerebral ischemia, a large number of hemichannels are unusually opened, leading to cell swelling and even death. Most known hemichannel blockers also inhibit gap junctions and sequentially obstruct normal electrical cell-cell communication. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Gap19, a selective Cx43-hemichannel inhibitor, exhibited neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). An obvious improvement in neurological scores and infarct volume reduction were observed in Gap19-treated mice after brain ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Gap19 treatment attenuated white matter damage. Moreover, Gap19 treatment suppressed the expression of Cx43 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway-relevant proteins and prevented the overexpression of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). To further explore downstream signaling, we established an in vitro model-oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) to simulate ischemic conditions. Immunofluorescence staining showed that Cx43 co-existed with TLR4 in astrocytes. The hemichannel activity was increased after OGD and Gap19 could inhibit this effect on astrocytes. Gap19 substantially improved relative cell vitality and decreased the expression of Cx43, TLR4 and inflammatory cytokines in vitro. In addition, in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation OGD model, Gap19 also exhibited a protective effect via inhibiting TLR4 pathway activation. In summary, our results showed that Gap19 exerted a neuroprotective effect after stroke via inhibition of the TLR4-mediated signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhu Chen
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liangzhu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China.,Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Beilei Chen
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China.,Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China.,Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Eriksen AZ, Eliasen R, Oswald J, Kempen PJ, Melander F, Andresen TL, Young M, Baranov P, Urquhart AJ. Multifarious Biologic Loaded Liposomes that Stimulate the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathway Show Retina Neuroprotection after Retina Damage. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7497-7508. [PMID: 30004669 PMCID: PMC6117751 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A common event in optic neuropathies is the loss of axons and death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) resulting in irreversible blindness. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway agonists have been shown to foster axon regeneration and RGC survival in animal models of optic nerve damage. However, many challenges remain in developing therapies that exploit cell growth and tissue remodeling including (i) activating/inhibiting cell pathways synergistically, (ii) avoiding tumorigenesis, and (iii) ensuring appropriate physiological tissue function. These challenges are further exacerbated by the need to overcome ocular physiological barriers and clearance mechanisms. Here we present liposomes loaded with multiple mTOR pathway stimulating biologics designed to enhance neuroprotection after retina damage. Liposomes were loaded with ciliary neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, a lipopeptide N-fragment osteopontin mimic, and lipopeptide phosphatase tension homologue inhibitors for either the ATP domain or the c-terminal tail. In a mouse model of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid induced RGC death, a single intravitreal administration of liposomes reduced both RGC death and loss of retina electrophysiological function. Furthermore, combining liposomes with transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cell derived RGCs led to an improved electrophysiological outcome in mice. The results presented here show that liposomes carrying multiple signaling pathway modulators can facilitate neuroprotection and transplant electrophysiological outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Z. Eriksen
- DTU
Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Eliasen
- DTU
Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Julia Oswald
- Schepens
Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Paul J. Kempen
- DTU
Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Melander
- DTU
Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas L. Andresen
- DTU
Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Young
- Schepens
Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Petr Baranov
- Schepens
Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Andrew J. Urquhart
- DTU
Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy and Neuroprotective Peptide Therapies: A Case for Cationic Arginine-Rich Peptides (CARPs). Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8080147. [PMID: 30087289 PMCID: PMC6119922 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8080147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates, with survivors suffering significant neurological sequelae including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. While hypothermia is used clinically to reduce neurological injury following HIE, it is only used for term infants (>36 weeks gestation) in tertiary hospitals and improves outcomes in only 30% of patients. For these reasons, a more effective and easily administrable pharmacological therapeutic agent, that can be used in combination with hypothermia or alone when hypothermia cannot be applied, is urgently needed to treat pre-term (≤36 weeks gestation) and term infants suffering HIE. Several recent studies have demonstrated that cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs), which include many cell-penetrating peptides [CPPs; e.g., transactivator of transcription (TAT) and poly-arginine-9 (R9; 9-mer of arginine)], possess intrinsic neuroprotective properties. For example, we have demonstrated that poly-arginine-18 (R18; 18-mer of arginine) and its D-enantiomer (R18D) are neuroprotective in vitro following neuronal excitotoxicity, and in vivo following perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). In this paper, we review studies that have used CARPs and other peptides, including putative neuroprotective peptides fused to TAT, in animal models of perinatal HIE. We critically evaluate the evidence that supports our hypothesis that CARP neuroprotection is mediated by peptide arginine content and positive charge and that CARPs represent a novel potential therapeutic for HIE.
Collapse
|
42
|
Bin-Jaliah I, Sakr HF. Melatonin ameliorates brain oxidative stress and upregulates senescence marker protein-30 and osteopontin in a rat model of vascular dementia. Physiol Int 2018; 105:38-52. [PMID: 29602294 DOI: 10.1556/2060.105.2018.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on oxidative stress and senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30) as well as osteopontin (OPN) expression in the hippocampus of rats subjected to vascular dementia (VD). A total of 72 male rats were divided into six groups (n = 12 each) as follows: (i) untreated control (CON), (ii) sham-operated group, (iii) sham-operated + melatonin, (iv) rats exposed to VD induced by permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (BCCAO) leading to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, (v) rats exposed to VD + melatonin, and (vi) rats exposed to VD + donepezil (DON). At the end of experiment, the hippocampal levels of acetylcholine (ACh), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (Dop) were measured. Expression of OPN was determined using immunohistochemistry, and SMP30 expression was determined using real-time PCR in the hippocampus. Hippocampal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were evaluated. The BCCAO group showed significantly decreased TAC (p < 0.05) and significantly increased in TBARS levels compared with the CON group. In addition, BCCAO significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the expression of both OPN and SMP30 and the levels of ACh, NE, and Dop in the hippocampus compared with CON treatment. Treatment with melatonin significantly increased OPN and SMP30 expression and ACh, NE, and Dop levels in the hippocampus with amelioration of the oxidative stress compared with BCCAO rats. Melatonin might produce a neuroprotective effect through its antioxidant action and by increasing the expression of SMP30 and OPN that is not comparable with that of DON.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Bin-Jaliah
- 1 Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University , Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - H F Sakr
- 2 Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, Mansoura University , Mansoura, Egypt.,3 Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Physiology, Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat, Oman
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rogall R, Rabenstein M, Vay S, Bach A, Pikhovych A, Baermann J, Hoehn M, Couillard-Despres S, Fink GR, Schroeter M, Rueger MA. Bioluminescence imaging visualizes osteopontin-induced neurogenesis and neuroblast migration in the mouse brain after stroke. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:182. [PMID: 29973246 PMCID: PMC6032781 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteopontin (OPN), an acidic phosphoglycoprotein, is upregulated in the brain after cerebral ischemia. We previously reported that OPN supports migration, survival, and proliferation of neural stem cells (NSC) in primary cell culture, as well as their differentiation into neurons. We here analyzed the effects of OPN on neuroblasts in vivo in the context of cerebral ischemia. Methods Transgenic mice expressing luciferase under the control of the neuroblast-specific doublecortin (DCX)-promoter, allowing visualization of neuroblasts in vivo using bioluminescence imaging (BLI), were injected with OPN intracerebroventricularly while control mice were injected with vehicle buffer. To assess the effects of OPN after ischemia, additional mice were subjected to photothrombosis and injected with either OPN or vehicle. Results OPN enhanced the migration of neuroblasts both in the healthy brain and after ischemia, as quantified by BLI in vivo. Moreover, the number of neural progenitors was increased following OPN treatment, with the maximum effect on the second day after OPN injection into the healthy brain, and 14 days after OPN injection following ischemia. After ischemia, OPN quantitatively promoted the endogenous, ischemia-induced neuroblast expansion, and additionally recruited progenitors from the contralateral hemisphere. Conclusions Our results strongly suggest that OPN constitutes a promising substance for the targeted activation of neurogenesis in ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rogall
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Monika Rabenstein
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine Vay
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Annika Bach
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anton Pikhovych
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Baermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mathias Hoehn
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sébastien Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gereon Rudolf Fink
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Michael Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Maria Adele Rueger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany. .,Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
ERK 1/2 Activation Mediates the Neuroprotective Effect of BpV(pic) in Focal Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1424-1438. [PMID: 29882124 PMCID: PMC6006215 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2558-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bisperoxovanadium (pyridine-2-carboxyl) [bpV(pic)] is a commercially available PTEN inhibitor. Previous studies from us and others have shown that bpV(pic) confers neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia injury. We set up to determine whether ERK 1/2 activation plays a role in bpV(pic)-induced neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia injury. We found that the phosphorylation levels of Akt (p-AKT) and ERK1/2 (p-ERK 1/2) were down-regulated after cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury. The injection of bpV(pic) after injury not only increased the level of p-AKT but also the level of p-ERK 1/2. While the inhibition of PTEN mediated the up-regulatation of p-AKT and p-ERK 1/2 by bpV(pic). Interestingly, the ERK 1/2 activation induced by bpV(pic) was also independent of the inhibition of PTEN. Our results indicate that bpV(pic) protects against OGD-induced neuronal death and promotes the functional recovery of stroke animals through PTEN inhibition and ERK 1/2 activation, respectively. This study suggests that the effect of bpV(pic) on ERK 1/2 signaling should be considered while using bpV(pic) as a PTEN inhibitor.
Collapse
|
45
|
Izrael M, Slutsky SG, Admoni T, Cohen L, Granit A, Hasson A, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Krush Paker L, Kuperstein G, Lavon N, Yehezkel Ionescu S, Solmesky LJ, Zaguri R, Zhuravlev A, Volman E, Chebath J, Revel M. Safety and efficacy of human embryonic stem cell-derived astrocytes following intrathecal transplantation in SOD1 G93A and NSG animal models. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:152. [PMID: 29871694 PMCID: PMC5989413 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0890-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron (MN) disease characterized by the loss of MNs in the central nervous system. As MNs die, patients progressively lose their ability to control voluntary movements, become paralyzed and eventually die from respiratory/deglutition failure. Despite the selective MN death in ALS, there is growing evidence that malfunctional astrocytes play a crucial role in disease progression. Thus, transplantation of healthy astrocytes may compensate for the diseased astrocytes. METHODS We developed a good manufacturing practice-grade protocol for generation of astrocytes from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The first stage of our protocol is derivation of astrocyte progenitor cells (APCs) from hESCs. These APCs can be expanded in large quantities and stored frozen as cell banks. Further differentiation of the APCs yields an enriched population of astrocytes with more than 90% GFAP expression (hES-AS). hES-AS were injected intrathecally into hSOD1G93A transgenic mice and rats to evaluate their therapeutic potential. The safety and biodistribution of hES-AS were evaluated in a 9-month study conducted in immunodeficient NSG mice under good laboratory practice conditions. RESULTS In vitro, hES-AS possess the activities of functional healthy astrocytes, including glutamate uptake, promotion of axon outgrowth and protection of MNs from oxidative stress. A secretome analysis shows that these hES-AS also secrete several inhibitors of metalloproteases as well as a variety of neuroprotective factors (e.g. TIMP-1, TIMP-2, OPN, MIF and Midkine). Intrathecal injections of the hES-AS into transgenic hSOD1G93A mice and rats significantly delayed disease onset and improved motor performance compared to sham-injected animals. A safety study in immunodeficient mice showed that intrathecal transplantation of hES-AS is safe. Transplanted hES-AS attached to the meninges along the neuroaxis and survived for the entire duration of the study without formation of tumors or teratomas. Cell-injected mice gained similar body weight to the sham-injected group and did not exhibit clinical signs that could be related to the treatment. No differences from the vehicle control were observed in hematological parameters or blood chemistry. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the safety and potential therapeutic benefits of intrathecal injection of hES-AS for the treatment of ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Izrael
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Shalom Guy Slutsky
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Tamar Admoni
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Louisa Cohen
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Avital Granit
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Arik Hasson
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Lena Krush Paker
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Graciela Kuperstein
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Neta Lavon
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Shiran Yehezkel Ionescu
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Leonardo Javier Solmesky
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Rachel Zaguri
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Alina Zhuravlev
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Ella Volman
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Judith Chebath
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michel Revel
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang W, Cui Y, Gao J, Li R, Jiang X, Tian Y, Wang K, Cui J. Recombinant Osteopontin Improves Neurological Functional Recovery and Protects Against Apoptosis via PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Pathway Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1588-1596. [PMID: 29550832 PMCID: PMC5870133 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of recombinant osteopontin (r-OPN) on apoptotic changes via modulating phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β) signaling in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). MATERIAL AND METHODS We subjected 10-12-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats (n=120) to injection of autologous blood into the right basal ganglia to induce ICH or sham surgery. ICH animals received vehicle administration, r-OPN (4 μL/pup), or r-OPN combined with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin (86 ng/pup) at 30 min after injury. Neurological scores and rotarod latencies were evaluated on days 1-5 post-ICH. Brain water content was evaluated on days 1-3 post-ICH. The number of apoptotic cells changes were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2-deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and hematoxylin staining. Apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 (CC3), and the phosphorylation levels of Akt and GSK-3b were assayed by Western blot. RESULTS Neurological deficits, rotarod latencies, and brain water content following ICH were reduced in the r-OPN group compared to the vehicle group. r-OPN also attenuated cell death in ICH. Furthermore, treatment with r-OPN significantly increased p-Akt expression and decreased p-GSK-3β. These effects were associated with a decrease in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the suppression of CC3 at 24 h after ICH. Importantly, all the beneficial effects of r-OPN in ICH were abrogated by the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin. CONCLUSIONS r-OPN may provide a wide range of neuroprotection by suppressing apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway after ICH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Junling Gao
- School of Basic Medical Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland).,Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Ran Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland).,Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland).,Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Yanxia Tian
- School of Basic Medical Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland).,Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Kaijie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Jianzhong Cui
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland).,Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nakatsuka Y, Shiba M, Nishikawa H, Terashima M, Kawakita F, Fujimoto M, Suzuki H. Acute-Phase Plasma Osteopontin as an Independent Predictor for Poor Outcome After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6841-6849. [PMID: 29353454 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies reported that osteopontin (OPN), a matricellular protein, is induced in brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between plasma OPN levels and outcome after aneurysmal SAH in a clinical setting. This is a prospective study consisting of 109 aneurysmal SAH patients who underwent aneurysmal obliteration within 48 h of SAH. Plasma OPN concentrations were serially determined at days 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, and 10-12 after onset. Various clinical factors as well as OPN values were compared between patients with 90-day good and poor outcomes. Plasma OPN levels were significantly higher in SAH patients compared with control patients and peaked at days 4-6. Poor-outcome patients had significantly higher plasma OPN levels through all sampling points. Receiver-operating characteristic curves demonstrated that OPN levels at days 10-12 were the most useful predictor of poor outcome at cutoff values of 915.9 pmol/L (sensitivity, 0.694; specificity, 0.845). Multivariate analyses using the significant variables identified by day 3 showed that plasma OPN ≥ 955.1 pmol/L at days 1-3 (odds ratio, 10.336; 95% confidence interval, 2.563-56.077; p < 0.001) was an independent predictor of poor outcome, in addition to increasing age, preoperative World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grades IV-V, and modified Fisher grade 4. Post hoc analyses revealed no correlation between OPN levels and serum levels of C-reactive protein, a non-specific inflammatory parameter, at days 1-3. Acute-phase plasma OPN could be used as a useful prognostic biomarker in SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinari Nakatsuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masato Shiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.,Center for Vessels and Heart, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Mio Terashima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Kawakita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rentsendorj A, Sheyn J, Fuchs DT, Daley D, Salumbides BC, Schubloom HE, Hart NJ, Li S, Hayden EY, Teplow DB, Black KL, Koronyo Y, Koronyo-Hamaoui M. A novel role for osteopontin in macrophage-mediated amyloid-β clearance in Alzheimer's models. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 67:163-180. [PMID: 28860067 PMCID: PMC5865478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN), a matricellular immunomodulatory cytokine highly expressed by myelomonocytic cells, is known to regulate immune cell migration, communication, and response to brain injury. Enhanced cerebral recruitment of monocytes achieved through glatiramer acetate (GA) immunization or peripheral blood enrichment with bone marrow (BM)-derived CD115+ monocytes (MoBM) curbs amyloid β-protein (Aβ) neuropathology and preserves cognitive function in murine models of Alzheimer's disease (ADtg mice). To elucidate the beneficial mechanisms of these immunomodulatory approaches in AD, we focused on the potential role of OPN in macrophage-mediated Aβ clearance. Here, we found extensive OPN upregulation along with reduction of vascular and parenchymal Aβ burden in cortices and hippocampi of GA-immunized ADtg mice. Treatment combining GA with blood-grafted MoBM further increased OPN levels surrounding residual Aβ plaques. In brains from AD patients and ADtg mice, OPN was also elevated and predominantly expressed by infiltrating GFP+- or Iba1+-CD45high monocyte-derived macrophages engulfing Aβ plaques. Following GA immunization, we detected a significant increase in a subpopulation of inflammatory blood monocytes (CD115+CD11b+Ly6Chigh) expressing OPN, and subsequently, an elevated population of OPN-expressing CD11b+Ly6C+CD45high monocyte/macrophages in the brains of these ADtg mice. Correlogram analyses indicate a strong linear correlation between cerebral OPN levels and macrophage infiltration, as well as a tight inverse relation between OPN and Aβ-plaque burden. In vitro studies corroborate in vivo findings by showing that GA directly upregulates OPN expression in BM-derived macrophages (MФBM). Further, OPN promotes a phenotypic shift that is highly phagocytic (increased uptake of Aβ fibrils and surface scavenger receptors) and anti-inflammatory (altered cell morphology, reduced iNOS, and elevated IL-10 and Aβ-degrading enzyme MMP-9). Inhibition of OPN expression in MФBM, either by siRNA, knockout (KOOPN), or minocycline, impairs uptake of Aβ fibrils and hinders GA's neuroprotective effects on macrophage immunological profile. Addition of human recombinant OPN reverses the impaired Aβ phagocytosis in KOOPN-MФBM. This study demonstrates that OPN has an essential role in modulating macrophage immunological profile and their ability to resist pathogenic forms of Aβ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Altan Rentsendorj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Julia Sheyn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Dieu-Trang Fuchs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - David Daley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Brenda C Salumbides
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Hannah E Schubloom
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Nadav J Hart
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Songlin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, 276 Xueyuan Middle Rd, Lucheng Qu, Wenzhou Shi, Zhejiang Sheng 325027, China
| | - Eric Y Hayden
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer's Disease Research at UCLA, Brain Research Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. S., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David B Teplow
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer's Disease Research at UCLA, Brain Research Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 635 Charles E. Young Dr. S., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Keith L Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Yosef Koronyo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Applied Cell Biology and Physiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tang XG, Wen J, Zhang XS, Jiang DC. Association between decreased osteopontin and acute mountain sickness upon rapid ascent to 3500 m among young Chinese men. J Travel Med 2018; 25:5079665. [PMID: 30165389 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/tay075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia causes oxidative stress and a decrease in osteopontin (OPN) in rats; however, little is known about the change in OPN in lowlander humans during hypobaric hypoxia. We explore the role of the predicted decrease in plasma OPN levels in humans upon high-altitude exposure and its relationship with acute mountain sickness (AMS), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). METHODS Before and during acute altitude exposure, 261 men's plasma OPN, SOD, MDA, heart rate and pulse oximeter saturation (SpO2) were measured. AMS as assessed using the Lake Louise score (LLS) was defined as headache with a total LLS ≥3. Subjects were divided into AMS-0 (non-AMS subjects), mild AMS (headache with total LLS = 3 or 4) and severe AMS groups (headache with total LLS ≥5). RESULTS At 600 m, no difference in plasma OPN, SOD and MDA was observed between groups. At 3500 m, plasma OPN in severe AMS group was significantly decreased as compared with 600 m. Plasma SOD showed a tendency to decrease during altitude exposure. The opposite trend was observed for plasma MDA. Correlation analysis showed that total LLS was significantly correlated with OPN (ρ = -0.247, P < 0.001) and SOD (ρ = -0.224, P < 0.001). OPN showed significant correlation with SOD (r = 0.235, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher plasma OPN was a protective factor for AMS [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.924, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.884-0.966, P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that decreased plasma OPN is correlated with AMS, and oxidative stress may be implicated in this phenomenon. Decreased plasma SOD is also correlated with AMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Gang Tang
- Department of Cardiology, No. 37 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Ya'an, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Hechuan district, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Sen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, No. 37 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Ya'an, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Chun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, No. 37 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Ya'an, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Samaridou E, Alonso MJ. Nose-to-brain peptide delivery - The potential of nanotechnology. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:2888-2905. [PMID: 29170026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nose-to-brain (N-to-B) delivery offers to protein and peptide drugs the possibility to reach the brain in a non-invasive way. This article is a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art of this emerging peptide delivery route, as well as of the challenges associated to it. Emphasis is given on the potential of nanosized drug delivery carriers to enhance the direct N-to-B transport of protein or peptide drugs. In particular, polymer- and lipid- based nanocarriers are comparatively analyzed in terms of the influence of their physicochemical characteristics and composition on their in vivo fate and efficacy. The use of biorecognitive ligands and permeation enhancers in order to enhance their brain targeting efficiency is also discussed. The article concludes highlighting the early stage of this research field and its still unveiled potential. The final message is that more explicatory PK/PD studies are required in order to achieve the translation from preclinical to the clinical development phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Samaridou
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria José Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|