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Nazir HF, Al Sukaiti N, Khater D, Elbeshlawy I, Hassanein N. Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome: Spectrum in Oman. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2023; 45:e389-e394. [PMID: 36162005 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, a hemorrhagic diathesis secondary to storage pool-deficient platelets, and in some patients' pulmonary fibrosis, granulomatous colitis, and immunodeficiency. To date, 11 different types of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome were identified. HPS type 2 is distinctively characterized by severe neutropenia and recurrent sinopulmonary infections. HPS is more common in Puerto Rico, and this is the first report deciphering the genotypic spectrum of HPS in Oman. Between 2001 and 2021, 8 Omani cases with HPS (3 HPS type 2, 1 HPS type 3, and 4 HPS type 6) had been suspected clinically and confirmed through genetic mutation analysis. Patients had mild hemorrhagic phenotype, and variable platelet aggregation defects with different platelet agonists. All patients had characteristic eye manifestations. In addition, patients with HPS type 2 had severe neutropenia. Novel mutations in AP3B1(c.205-1G>C, c.12_13delTA (p.Asn4Lysfs*6) and HPS6 (c.19_20delCT (p. Leu7Alafs*168) were not reported in population variant databases. Diagnosis of HPS had markedly improved in Oman; however, increased clinician awareness is needed. A high index of suspicion and early referral for diagnosis and initiation of proper treatment might help improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan F Nazir
- Department of Pediatrics, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Doaa Khater
- Department of Pediatrics, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ismail Elbeshlawy
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nehad Hassanein
- Department of Pediatrics, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
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2
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Buschulte K, Cottin V, Wijsenbeek M, Kreuter M, Diesler R. The world of rare interstitial lung diseases. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:32/167/220161. [PMID: 36754433 PMCID: PMC9910344 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0161-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The world of rare interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) is diverse and complex. Diagnosis and therapy usually pose challenges. This review describes a selection of rare and ultrarare ILDs including pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis and pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis. In addition, monogenic ILDs or ILDs in congenital syndromes and various multiple cystic lung diseases will be discussed. All these conditions are part of the scope of the European Reference Network on rare respiratory diseases (ERN-LUNG). Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment of each disease are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Buschulte
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), ERN-LUNG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vincent Cottin
- National Reference Centre for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, UMR 754, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, ERN-LUNG, Lyon, France
| | - Marlies Wijsenbeek
- Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases and Sarcoidosis, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, ERN-LUNG, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Kreuter
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), ERN-LUNG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rémi Diesler
- National Reference Centre for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, UMR 754, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, ERN-LUNG, Lyon, France
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3
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Fan R, Johnston MS, Gowen MF, Damsky W, Odell I, Clune J, Vesely MD. Amelanotic melanoma in a patient with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. JAAD Case Rep 2022; 27:61-63. [PMID: 35990226 PMCID: PMC9388864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Michael F. Gowen
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - William Damsky
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ian Odell
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - James Clune
- Department of Surgery (Plastic), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Matthew D. Vesely
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Correspondence to: Matthew D. Vesely, MD, PhD, Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, PO Box 208059, New Haven, CT 06520.
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4
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Marek-Yagel D, Abudi-Sinreich S, Macarov M, Veber A, Shalva N, Philosoph AM, Pode-Shakked B, Malicdan MCV, Anikster Y. Oculocutaneous albinism and bleeding diathesis due to a novel deletion in the HPS3 gene. Front Genet 2022; 13:936064. [PMID: 36046236 PMCID: PMC9420964 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.936064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a group of rare autosomal recessive disorders characterized by oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) and bleeding diathesis. To date, 11 HPS types have been reported (HPS-1 to HPS-11), each defined by disease-causing variants in specific genes. Variants in the HPS1 gene were found in approximately 15% of HPS patients, most of whom harbor the Puerto Rican founder mutation. In this study, we report six affected individuals from three nonconsanguineous families of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, who presented with OCA and multiple ecchymoses and had normal platelet number and size. Linkage analysis indicated complete segregation to HPS3. Sequencing of the whole coding region and the intron boundaries of HPS3 revealed a heterozygous c.1163+1G>A variant in all six patients. Long-range PCR amplification revealed that all affected individuals also carry a 14,761bp deletion that includes the 5′UTR and exon 1 of HPS3, encompassing regions with long interspersed nuclear elements. The frequency of the c.1163+1G>A splice site variant was found to be 1:200 in the Ashkenazi Jewish population, whereas the large deletion was not detected in 300 Ashkenazi Jewish controls. These results present a novel HPS3 deletion mutation and suggest that the prevalence of HPS-3 in Ashkenazi Jews is more common than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Marek-Yagel
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Tel-Hahsomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shachar Abudi-Sinreich
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michal Macarov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alvit Veber
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Tel-Hahsomer, Israel
| | - Nechama Shalva
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Tel-Hahsomer, Israel
| | - Amit Mary Philosoph
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Tel-Hahsomer, Israel
| | - Ben Pode-Shakked
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Tel-Hahsomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Tel-Hahsomer, Israel
| | - May Christine V. Malicdan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director and National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yair Anikster
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Tel-Hahsomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Tel-Hahsomer, Israel
- *Correspondence: Yair Anikster,
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5
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Suezawa T, Kanagaki S, Korogi Y, Nakao K, Hirai T, Murakami K, Hagiwara M, Gotoh S. Modeling of lung phenotype of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type I using patient-specific iPSCs. Respir Res 2021; 22:284. [PMID: 34736469 PMCID: PMC8570015 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Somatic cells differentiated from patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could be a useful tool in human cell-based disease research. Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and a platelet dysfunction. HPS patients often suffer from lethal HPS associated interstitial pneumonia (HPSIP). Lung transplantation has been the only treatment for HPSIP. Lysosome-related organelles are impaired in HPS, thereby disrupting alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells with lamellar bodies. HPSIP lungs are characterized by enlarged lamellar bodies. Despite species differences between human and mouse in HPSIP, most studies have been conducted in mice since culturing human AT2 cells is difficult. Methods We generated patient-specific iPSCs from patient-derived fibroblasts with the most common bi-allelic variant, c.1472_1487dup16, in HPS1 for modeling severe phenotypes of HPSIP. We then corrected the variant of patient-specific iPSCs using CRISPR-based microhomology-mediated end joining to obtain isogenic controls. The iPSCs were then differentiated into lung epithelial cells using two different lung organoid models, lung bud organoids (LBOs) and alveolar organoids (AOs), and explored the phenotypes contributing to the pathogenesis of HPSIP using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Results The LBOs derived from patient-specific iPSCs successfully recapitulated the abnormalities in morphology and size. Proteomic analysis of AOs involving iPSC-derived AT2 cells and primary lung fibroblasts revealed mitochondrial dysfunction in HPS1 patient-specific alveolar epithelial cells. Further, giant lamellar bodies were recapitulated in patient-specific AT2 cells. Conclusions The HPS1 patient-specific iPSCs and their gene-corrected counterparts generated in this study could be a new research tool for understanding the pathogenesis of HPSIP caused by HPS1 deficiency in humans. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-021-01877-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Suezawa
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kanagaki
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yohei Korogi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakao
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Murakami
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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6
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Velázquez-Díaz P, Nakajima E, Sorkhdini P, Hernandez-Gutierrez A, Eberle A, Yang D, Zhou Y. Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome and Lung Disease: Pathogenesis and Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644671. [PMID: 33841163 PMCID: PMC8028140 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS) is a rare, genetic, multisystem disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), bleeding diathesis, immunodeficiency, granulomatous colitis, and pulmonary fibrosis. HPS pulmonary fibrosis (HPS-PF) occurs in 100% of patients with subtype HPS-1 and has a similar presentation to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Upon onset, individuals with HPS-PF have approximately 3 years before experiencing signs of respiratory failure and eventual death. This review aims to summarize current research on HPS along with its associated pulmonary fibrosis and its implications for the development of novel treatments. We will discuss the genetic basis of the disease, its epidemiology, and current therapeutic and clinical management strategies. We continue to review the cellular processes leading to the development of HPS-PF in alveolar epithelial cells, lymphocytes, mast cells, and fibrocytes, along with the molecular mechanisms that contribute to its pathogenesis and may be targeted in the treatment of HPS-PF. Finally, we will discuss emerging new cellular and molecular approaches for studying HPS, including lentiviral-mediated gene transfer, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), organoid and 3D-modelling, and CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Nakajima
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Parand Sorkhdini
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Adam Eberle
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dongqin Yang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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7
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Xu C, Xiang Y, Li H, Xu Y, Mao Y, Zhou L, Xu X, Tang S. Genetic analysis and prenatal diagnosis of 20 Chinese families with oculocutaneous albinism. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 35:e23647. [PMID: 33124154 PMCID: PMC7891544 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a group of heterogeneous genetic disorders characterized by abnormal melanin synthesis in the hair, skin, and eyes. OCA exhibits obvious genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Molecular diagnosis of causal genes can be of help in the classification of OCA subtypes and the study of OCA pathogenesis. Methods In this study, Sanger sequencing and whole exome sequencing were used to genetically diagnose 20 nonconsanguineous Chinese OCA patients. In addition, prenatal diagnosis was provided to six OCA families. Results Variants of TYR, OCA2, and HPS1 were detected in 85%, 10%, and 5% of affected patients, respectively. A total of 21 distinct variants of these three genes were identified. Exons 1 and 2 were the hotspot regions of the TYR variants, and c.895C > A and c.896G > A were the hotspot variants. We also found seven novel variants: c.731G > A, c.741C > A, c.867C > A, and c.1037‐2A > T in TYR, c.695dupT and c.1054A > G in OCA2, and c.9C > A in HPS1. Genetic tests on six fetuses revealed three carrier fetuses, two normal fetuses, and one affected fetus. The follow‐up results after birth were consistent with the results of prenatal diagnosis (one fetus terminated during pregnancy was not followed up). Conclusions This study expands our understanding of the genotypic spectrum of the Chinese OCA population. The findings indicate that prenatal diagnosis can provide important information for genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanbao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huanzheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yunzhi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yijian Mao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Genetic, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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8
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Liu T, Yuan Y, Bai D, Qi Z, Yang L, Zhang T, Yang X, Li W, Wei A. Genetic variants and mutational spectrum of Chinese Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome patients. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 34:111-121. [PMID: 32725903 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Liu
- Department of Dermatology Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Yefeng Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects Beijing Pediatric Research Institute Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center National Center for Children's HealthBeijing China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Dayong Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology National Center for Children's Health Beijing Children’s Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Zhan Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects Beijing Pediatric Research Institute Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center National Center for Children's HealthBeijing China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Xiumin Yang
- Department of Dermatology Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects Beijing Pediatric Research Institute Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center National Center for Children's HealthBeijing China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Aihua Wei
- Department of Dermatology Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
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9
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Huizing M, Malicdan MCV, Wang JA, Pri-Chen H, Hess RA, Fischer R, O'Brien KJ, Merideth MA, Gahl WA, Gochuico BR. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: Mutation update. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:543-580. [PMID: 31898847 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a group of 10 autosomal recessive multisystem disorders, each defined by the deficiency of a specific gene. HPS-associated genes encode components of four ubiquitously expressed protein complexes: Adaptor protein-3 (AP-3) and biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 (BLOC-1) through -3. All individuals with HPS exhibit albinism and a bleeding diathesis; additional features occur depending on the defective protein complex. Pulmonary fibrosis is associated with AP-3 and BLOC-3 deficiency, immunodeficiency with AP-3 defects, and gastrointestinal symptoms are more prevalent and severe in BLOC-3 deficiency. Therefore, identification of the HPS subtype is valuable for prognosis, clinical management, and treatment options. The prevalence of HPS is estimated at 1-9 per 1,000,000. Here we summarize 264 reported and novel variants in 10 HPS genes and estimate that ~333 Puerto Rican HPS subjects and ~385 with other ethnicities are reported to date. We provide pathogenicity predictions for missense and splice site variants and list variants with high minor allele frequencies. Current cellular and clinical aspects of HPS are also summarized. This review can serve as a manifest for molecular diagnostics and genetic counseling aspects of HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Huizing
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - May C V Malicdan
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jennifer A Wang
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hadass Pri-Chen
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Richard A Hess
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Roxanne Fischer
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin J O'Brien
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Melissa A Merideth
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William A Gahl
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bernadette R Gochuico
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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10
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Merideth MA, Introne WJ, Wang JA, O'Brien KJ, Huizing M, Gochuico BR. Genetic variants associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Platelets 2019; 31:544-547. [PMID: 32436471 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1663810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by defective biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles. Clinical manifestations include a bleeding diathesis due to a platelet delta storage pool deficiency, oculocutaneous albinism, inflammatory bowel disease, neutropenia, and pulmonary fibrosis. Ten genes associated with HPS are identified to date, and each gene encodes a protein subunit of either Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelles Complex (BLOC)-1, BLOC-2, BLOC-3, or the Adaptor Protein-3 complex. Several genetic variants and phenotypic heterogeneities are reported in individuals with HPS, who generally exhibit easy bruisability and increased bleeding. Desmopressin, pro-coagulants, or platelet transfusion may be used as prophylaxis or treatment for excessive bleeding in patients with HPS. However, response to desmopressin can be variable. Platelets are effective in preventing or treating bleeding in individuals with HPS, but platelets should be transfused judiciously to limit alloimmunization in patients with HPS who are at risk of developing pulmonary fibrosis and may be potential candidates for lung transplantation. The discovery of new genes associated with HPS in people with excessive bleeding and hypopigmentation of unknown etiology may be facilitated by the use of next-generation sequencing or panel-based genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Merideth
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wendy J Introne
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wang
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin J O'Brien
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marjan Huizing
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bernadette R Gochuico
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
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11
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Moore BA, Flenniken AM, Clary D, Moshiri AS, Nutter LMJ, Berberovic Z, Owen C, Newbigging S, Adissu H, Eskandarian M, McKerlie C, Thomasy SM, Lloyd KCK, Murphy CJ, Moshiri A. Genome-wide screening of mouse knockouts reveals novel genes required for normal integumentary and oculocutaneous structure and function. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11211. [PMID: 31371754 PMCID: PMC6672016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculocutaneous syndromes are often due to mutations in single genes. In some cases, mouse models for these diseases exist in spontaneously occurring mutations, or in mice resulting from forward mutatagenesis screens. Here we present novel genes that may be causative for oculocutaneous disease in humans, discovered as part of a genome-wide screen of knockout-mice in a targeted single-gene deletion project. The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) database (data release 10.0) was interrogated for all mouse strains with integument abnormalities, which were then cross-referenced individually to identify knockouts with concomitant ocular abnormalities attributed to the same targeted gene deletion. The search yielded 307 knockout strains from unique genes with integument abnormalities, 226 of which have not been previously associated with oculocutaneous conditions. Of the 307 knockout strains with integument abnormalities, 52 were determined to have ocular changes attributed to the targeted deletion, 35 of which represent novel oculocutaneous genes. Some examples of various integument abnormalities are shown, as well as two examples of knockout strains with oculocutaneous phenotypes. Each of the novel genes provided here are potentially relevant to the pathophysiology of human integumentary, or oculocutaneous conditions, such as albinism, phakomatoses, or other multi-system syndromes. The novel genes reported here may implicate molecular pathways relevant to these human diseases and may contribute to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret A Moore
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Ann M Flenniken
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Dave Clary
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, and Mouse Biology Program, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Ata S Moshiri
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lauryl M J Nutter
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Zorana Berberovic
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Celeste Owen
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Susan Newbigging
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Hibret Adissu
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Mohammad Eskandarian
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Colin McKerlie
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
| | | | - Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, and Mouse Biology Program, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Christopher J Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Ala Moshiri
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States.
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12
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Abstract
The Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare disease characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and prolonged bleeding. HPS is caused by alterations in HPS1-10 and their related genes, comprising the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1–3 and adapter protein 3. Here, we report a Japanese patient with HPS associated with mild hypopigmentation, nystagmus, and impaired visual acuity. Sequencing analyses of the mRNA of this patient revealed new deletions (ΔGA and ΔG) in the HPS5 gene. This was the first case of HPS5 gene deficiency in Japan, and the two above-mentioned deletions have not yet been reported among patients with HPS5.
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13
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Rivera-Concepción J, Acevedo-Canabal J, Burés A, Vargas G, Cadilla C, Izquierdo NJ. Bleeding assessment in female patients with the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome-A case series. Eur J Haematol 2019; 102:432-436. [PMID: 30659653 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive rare disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding diathesis, chronic granulomatous colitis and/or pulmonary fibrosis. HPS is the most common single-gene disorder in Puerto Rico with a prevalence of 1:1,800 in the Northwest of the island. Risk of menorrhagia and post-partum hemorrhage (PPH) in cases of women with HPS have been described in the medical literature, but data regarding comprehensive description of bleeding diathesis remains lacking. For this reason, we aim to identify bleeding events using the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis Bleeding Assessment Tool (ISTH-BAT), a standardized quantitative tool that translates the range of severity of bleeding symptoms into a cumulative bleeding score (BS). OBJECTIVE To use the ISTH-BAT in HPS in order to describe bleeding symptoms and allow for comparison with other inherited bleeding disorders. METHODS Puerto Rican females and adult participants with HPS based on genetic linkage were enrolled. The ISTH-BAT was administered and results were identified using descriptive statistical analysis. RESULTS Questionnaire answers of twelve women with HPS-1 and HPS-3 were evaluated. Participants' mean BS was HPS-1 (11.4) and HPS-3 (8.0) Participants with HPS-1 and HPS-3 reported abnormal bleeding events that presented during dental extractions, menorrhagia, surgical interventions, gastrointestinal, oral cavity and post-partum. Patients with history of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) showed a higher mean bleeding score than those who had no history of PF. CONCLUSIONS Female patients with HPS type 1 and 3 experienced abnormal bleeding events according to the ISTH-BAT bleeding score. Bleeding medications were inconsistently used and varied independently from healthcare professionals. The benefits of this study were to understand the history of bleeding complications in patients with HPS type 1 and 3 using an international validated system. The results of this study will help design strategies to improve the care we provide to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Burés
- School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Gustavo Vargas
- School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Carmen Cadilla
- School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Natalio J Izquierdo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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14
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Power B, Ferreira CR, Chen D, Zein WM, O'Brien KJ, Introne WJ, Stephen J, Gahl WA, Huizing M, Malicdan MCV, Adams DR, Gochuico BR. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and oculocutaneous albinism in Chinese children with pigmentation defects and easy bruising. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:52. [PMID: 30791930 PMCID: PMC6385472 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Determining the etiology of oculocutaneous albinism is important for proper clinical management and to determine prognosis. The purpose of this study was to genotype and phenotype eight adopted Chinese children who presented with oculocutaneous albinism and easy bruisability. Results The patients were evaluated at a single center; their ages ranged from 3 to 8 years. Whole exome or direct sequencing showed that two of the children had Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) type-1 (HPS-1), one had HPS-3, one had HPS-4, and four had non-syndromic oculocutaneous albinism associated with TYR variants (OCA1). Two frameshift variants in HPS1 (c.9delC and c.1477delA), one nonsense in HPS4 (c.416G > A), and one missense variant in TYR (c.1235C > T) were unreported. The child with HPS-4 is the first case with this subtype reported in the Chinese population. Hypopigmentation in patients with HPS was mild compared to that in OCA1 cases, who had severe pigment defects. Bruises, which may be more visible in patients with hypopigmentation, were found in all cases with either HPS or OCA1. Whole mount transmission electron microscopy demonstrated absent platelet dense granules in the HPS cases; up to 1.9 mean dense granules per platelet were found in those with OCA1. Platelet aggregation studies in OCA1 cases were inconclusive. Conclusions Clinical manifestations of oculocutaneous albinism and easy bruisability may be observed in children with HPS or OCA1. Establishing definitive diagnoses in children presenting with these phenotypic features is facilitated by genetic testing. Non-syndromic oculocutaneous albinism and various HPS subtypes, including HPS-4, are found in children of Chinese ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Power
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1851, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1851, USA
| | - Carlos R Ferreira
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1851, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1851, USA
| | - Dong Chen
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wadih M Zein
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin J O'Brien
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wendy J Introne
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshi Stephen
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1851, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1851, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1851, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1851, USA.,Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Undiagnosed Diseases Program, NIH Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marjan Huizing
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1851, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1851, USA
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1851, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1851, USA.,Undiagnosed Diseases Program, NIH Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R Adams
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1851, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1851, USA.,Undiagnosed Diseases Program, NIH Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bernadette R Gochuico
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1851, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1851, USA.
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15
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Comprehensive Review of the Genetics of Albinism. JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0145482x1811200604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction It is important to understand albinism, since it is a disorder associated with visual impairment, predisposition to malignant melanomas, and social stigma. The main objective of this article is to review the genetics and biologic mechanisms of the non-syndromic albinism subtypes and to describe associated clinical manifestations. We also discuss research on its treatments. Methods A review of the published literature on albinism subtypes was performed, spanning basic laboratory research, published case reports, and experiences of people with albinism. Results Clear progress has been made in comprehending the causes of albinism; research has shed light on the complexity of the disorder and has led to the molecular classification of subtypes. Discussion Despite the increase in knowledge with regards to albinism, gaps still exist. It is important to continue the pursuit of unraveling the mechanism of the disorder and to monitor the frequency of the subtypes worldwide in order to aid in the development of treatments. Furthermore, disseminating knowledge of albinism is crucial for future progress. Implications for practitioners Albinism is a disorder characterized by hypopigmentation of the hair, skin, and eyes, with accompanying ocular abnormalities that remain relatively stable throughout life. The disorder is defined by a spectrum of pigmentation where albinism is more evident among individuals of dark complexion than their lighter-pigmented peers. Patients with albinism require protection against sun exposure and special resources to address visual impairments. When albinism patients are diagnosed and properly accommodated, they generally report a positive quality of life.
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16
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Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and a bleeding diathesis due to platelet dysfunction. More than 50% of cases worldwide are diagnosed on the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. Genetic testing plays a growing role in diagnosis; however, not all patients with HPS have identified genetic mutations. In Puerto Rico, patients with HPS are often identified shortly after birth by their albinism, although the degree of hypopigmentation is highly variable. Ten subtypes have been described. Patients with HPS-1, HPS-2, and HPS-4 tend to develop pulmonary fibrosis in Puerto Rico; 100% of patients with HPS-1 develop HPS-PF. HPS-PF and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are considered similar entities (albeit with distinct causes) because both can show similar histological disease patterns. However, in contrast to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, HPS-PF manifests much earlier, often at 30-40 years of age. The progression of HPS-PF is characterized by the development of dyspnea and increasingly debilitating hypoxemia. No therapeutic interventions are currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of HPS and HPS-PF. However, the approval of two new antifibrotic drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, has prompted new interest in identifying drugs capable of reversing or halting the progression of HPS-PF. Thus, lung transplantation remains the only potentially life-prolonging treatment. At present, two clinical trials are recruiting patients with HPS-PF to identify biomarkers for disease progression. Advances in the diagnosis and management of these patients will require the establishment of multidisciplinary centers of excellence staffed by experts in this disease.
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17
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de Boer M, van Leeuwen K, Geissler J, van Alphen F, de Vries E, van der Kuip M, Terheggen SW, Janssen H, van den Berg TK, Meijer AB, Roos D, Kuijpers TW. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 2: Aberrant pre-mRNA splicing and mislocalization of granule proteins in neutrophils. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:1402-1411. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin de Boer
- Sanquin Research; and Landsteiner Laboratory; Academic Medical Center (AMC); University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Karin van Leeuwen
- Sanquin Research; and Landsteiner Laboratory; Academic Medical Center (AMC); University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Judy Geissler
- Sanquin Research; and Landsteiner Laboratory; Academic Medical Center (AMC); University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Floris van Alphen
- Sanquin Research; and Landsteiner Laboratory; Academic Medical Center (AMC); University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Esther de Vries
- Department of Pediatrics; Jeroen Bosch Hospital; ‘s-Hertogenbosch; The Netherlands & Tranzo; Tilburg University; Tilburg The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van der Kuip
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology; VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne W.J. Terheggen
- Department of Pediatrics; Erasmus University Medical Center (EMC); Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Hans Janssen
- Division of Cell Biology; The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Timo K. van den Berg
- Sanquin Research; and Landsteiner Laboratory; Academic Medical Center (AMC); University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Alexander B. Meijer
- Sanquin Research; and Landsteiner Laboratory; Academic Medical Center (AMC); University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Roos
- Sanquin Research; and Landsteiner Laboratory; Academic Medical Center (AMC); University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Taco W. Kuijpers
- Sanquin Research; and Landsteiner Laboratory; Academic Medical Center (AMC); University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Hematology; Immunology and Infectious Diseases; Academic Medical Center; Emma Children's Hospital; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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18
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Borie R, Kannengiesser C, Sicre de Fontbrune F, Gouya L, Nathan N, Crestani B. Management of suspected monogenic lung fibrosis in a specialised centre. Eur Respir Rev 2017; 26:26/144/160122. [DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0122-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
At least 10% of patients with interstitial lung disease present monogenic lung fibrosis suspected on familial aggregation of pulmonary fibrosis, specific syndromes or early age of diagnosis. Approximately 25% of families have an identified mutation in genes mostly involved in telomere homeostasis, and more rarely in surfactant homeostasis.Beyond pathophysiological knowledge, detection of these mutations has practical consequence for patients. For instance, mutations involved in telomere homeostasis are associated with haematological complications after lung transplantation and may require adapted immunosuppression. Moreover, relatives may benefit from a clinical and genetic evaluation that should be specifically managed.The field of genetics of pulmonary fibrosis has made great progress in the last 10 years, raising specific problems that should be addressed by a specialised team.
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19
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Claudio-Campos K, Orengo-Mercado C, Renta JY, Peguero M, García R, Hernández G, Corey S, Cadilla CL, Duconge J. Pharmacogenetics of healthy volunteers in Puerto Rico. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2016; 30:239-49. [PMID: 26501165 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2015-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Puerto Ricans are a unique Hispanic population with European, Native American (Taino), and higher West African ancestral contributions than other non-Caribbean Hispanics. In admixed populations, such as Puerto Ricans, genetic variants can be found at different frequencies when compared to parental populations and uniquely combined and distributed. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to collect data from studies conducted in healthy Puerto Ricans and to report the frequencies of genetic polymorphisms with major relevance in drug response. Filtering for healthy volunteers or individuals, we performed a search of pharmacogenetic studies in academic literature databases without limiting the period of the results. The search was limited to Puerto Ricans living in the island, excluding those studies performed in mainland (United States). We found that the genetic markers impacting pharmacological therapy in the areas of cardiovascular, oncology, and neurology are the most frequently investigated. Coincidently, the top causes of mortality in the island are cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. In addition, polymorphisms in genes that encode for members of the CYP450 family (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6) are also available due to their relevance in the metabolism of drugs. The complex genetic background of Puerto Ricans is responsible for the divergence in the reported allele frequencies when compared to parental populations (Africans, East Asians, and Europeans). The importance of reporting the findings of pharmacogenetic studies conducted in Puerto Ricans is to identify genetic variants with potential utility among this genetically complex population and eventually move forward the adoption of personalized medicine in the island.
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20
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Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive disorder that is associated with oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding diatheses, granulomatous colitis, and highly penetrant pulmonary fibrosis in some subtypes, including HPS-1, HPS-2, and HPS-4. HPS pulmonary fibrosis shows many of the clinical, radiologic, and histologic features found in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, but occurs at a younger age. Despite knowledge of the underlying genetic defects, there are currently no definitive therapeutic or preventive approaches for HPS pulmonary fibrosis other than lung transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souheil El-Chemaly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lisa R Young
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2200 Children's Way, Doctor's Office Tower 11215, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Avenue South, B-1220 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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21
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Dávila PJ, Ulloa-Padilla JP, Izquierdo NJ. Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in patients with oculocutaneous albinism. Ophthalmic Genet 2016; 38:157-160. [PMID: 27058854 DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2016.1151899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the benefits of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in patients with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA). METHOD The charts of 195 patients with OCA who visited a local eye clinic were reviewed. All of these patients had genetic linkage analysis to establish OCA type. Frequencies and Paired t-test analysis were determined. RESULTS Of the 195 patients, nine (4.6%) underwent clear cornea phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. Seven of the nine patients with OCA had the Hermansky-Pudlak (HPS) type 1; two had OCA type 1. Pre-operative BCVA of all eyes ranged from 1.0 to 2.3 logMAR with a mean of 1.42 logMAR and a standard deviation of 0.41 logMAR. Post-operative BCVA of all eyes ranged from 1.0 to 1.30 logMAR with a mean of 1.04 logMAR and a standard deviation of 0.10 logMAR. BCVA improved after phacoemulsification surgery and intraocular lens implantation (p = 0.002). Pre-operative astigmatism of all eyes ranged from +0.50 to +5.75 with a mean of +2.25 and a standard deviation of +2.40. Post-operative astigmatism of all eyes ranged from +0.50 to +2.00 with a mean of +1.23 and a standard deviation of +0.42. Astigmatism improved after phacoemulsification surgery and intraocular lens implantation (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION Nine patients with OCA who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implant experienced improved visual acuity and reduced astigmatism post-operatively. These results suggest cataract surgery may improve vision and refractive errors, and thus quality of life, in patients with albinism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Dávila
- a Department of Ophthalmology , School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico , San Juan , Puerto Rico
| | - Jan P Ulloa-Padilla
- b School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico , San Juan , Puerto Rico
| | - Natalio J Izquierdo
- c Department of Surgery , School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico , San Juan , Puerto Rico
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22
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Abstract
The occurrence of pulmonary fibrosis in numerous individuals from the same family suggests a genetic cause for the disease. During the last 10 years, mutations involving proteins from the telomerase complex and from the surfactant system have been identified in association with pulmonary fibrosis. Mutations of TERT, the coding gene for the telomerase reverse transcriptase, are the most frequently identified mutations and are present in 15% of cases of familial pulmonary fibrosis. Other mutations (TERC, surfactant proteins genes) are only rarely evidenced in adults. Patients with mutations involving the telomerase complex may present with pulmonary fibrosis, hematologic, cutaneous or liver diseases. Other genetic variations associated with pulmonary fibrosis such as a polymorphism in the promoter of MUC5B or a polymorphism in TERT have been recently described, and could be considered to be part of a polygenic transmission. Evidence for mutations associated with the development of pulmonary fibrosis raises numerous clinical questions from establishing a diagnosis, providing counselling to deciding on therapy, and requires specific studies. From a pathophysiological point of view, the function of the genes highlights the central role of alveolar epithelium and aging in fibrogenesis.
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23
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Kamaraj B, Purohit R. Mutational analysis of oculocutaneous albinism: a compact review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:905472. [PMID: 25093188 PMCID: PMC4100393 DOI: 10.1155/2014/905472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by either complete lack of or a reduction of melanin biosynthesis in the melanocytes. The OCA1A is the most severe type with a complete lack of melanin production throughout life, while the milder forms OCA1B, OCA2, OCA3, and OCA4 show some pigment accumulation over time. Mutations in TYR, OCA2, TYRP1, and SLC45A2 are mainly responsible for causing oculocutaneous albinism. Recently, two new genes SLC24A5 and C10orf11 are identified that are responsible to cause OCA6 and OCA7, respectively. Also a locus has been mapped to the human chromosome 4q24 region which is responsible for genetic cause of OCA5. In this paper, we summarized the clinical and molecular features of OCA genes. Further, we reviewed the screening of pathological mutations of OCA genes and its molecular mechanism of the protein upon mutation by in silico approach. We also reviewed TYR (T373K, N371Y, M370T, and P313R), OCA2 (R305W), TYRP1 (R326H and R356Q) mutations and their structural consequences at molecular level. It is observed that the pathological genetic mutations and their structural and functional significance of OCA genes will aid in development of personalized medicine for albinism patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balu Kamaraj
- Bioinformatics Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Rituraj Purohit
- Bioinformatics Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
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24
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Jardón J, Izquierdo NJ, Renta JY, García-Rodríguez O, Cadilla CL. Ocular Findings in Patients with the Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (Types 1 and 3). Ophthalmic Genet 2014; 37:89-94. [PMID: 24766090 DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2014.907920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe and compare ocular findings in patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) type 1 and 3. METHODS This is a retrospective case series of 64 patients with HPS from 1999 to 2009 evaluated at an outpatient private ophthalmologic clinic. Patients underwent genetic analysis of selected albinism (Tyrosine and P gene) and HPS genes (HPS-1 and HPS-3) by screening for common mutations and exon sequencing with DNA screening. Descriptive and non-parametric statistical analyses were carried out. RESULTS Nearly 70% of the patients were homozygous for common Puerto Rican mutations leading to the HPS1 gene (16-BP DUP, 53.6%), while 30% had the 3904-BP DEL HPS3 gene mutation. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was poorer in patients with type 1 HPS than in patients with type 3 HPS (p < 0.001), esotropia was more common among type 1 HPS patients (p < 0.018), while exotropia was more common among patients with type 3 HPS. Total iris transillumination was more common in patients with type 1 HPS and minimal iris transillumination in patients with type 3 HPS (p < 0.001). The maculae were translucent in patients with type 1 HPS, while patients with type 3 HPS had opaque maculae (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with type 1 HPS had poorer BCVA, increased incidence of esotropia, lighter iris and macular appearance. In contrast, patients with type 3 HPS had more exotropia. In addition, to our knowledge this is the largest series type 3 HPS ever reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Jardón
- a Ophthalmology Department , School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico , San Juan , Puerto Rico
| | - Natalio J Izquierdo
- b Surgery Department , School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, & Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine , Bayamón , Puerto Rico
| | - Jessica Y Renta
- c Biochemistry Department , School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico , San Juan , Puerto Rico , and
| | - Omar García-Rodríguez
- d Environmental Health Department , Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico , San Juan , Puerto Rico
| | - Carmen L Cadilla
- c Biochemistry Department , School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico , San Juan , Puerto Rico , and
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25
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Schneier AJ, Fulton AB. The hermansky-pudlak syndrome: clinical features and imperatives from an ophthalmic perspective. Semin Ophthalmol 2014; 28:387-91. [PMID: 24138047 DOI: 10.3109/08820538.2013.825280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS) is a rare, autosomal recessive condition comprising nine genetically heterogeneous entities that feature oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) and bleeding tendency as their principal clinical manifestations. The pathogenesis of HPS involves disturbances in the biogenesis and trafficking of lysosome-related organelles. While the ophthalmologist is trained to address the ocular manifestations of OCA, it is critical for the provider to consider HPS when examining OCA patients as its systemic sequelae may be associated with morbidity and mortality. If there is suspicion of HPS in a patient with albinism, the ophthalmologist should enlist the aid of consultants to confirm the diagnosis and monitor for systemic features. As the nine HPS subtypes explored in this article vary widely in the character and severity of their associated systemic manifestations, some authors advocate determining the specific gene defect in each HPS patient in order to optimize care and provide anticipatory guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Schneier
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston , Massachusetts , USA
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Rodríguez-Agramonte F, Izquierdo NJ, Cadilla C. Ocular findings in patients with oculocutaneous albinism type ia with G47D tyrosinase gene mutation in Puerto Rico: a case report. BOLETIN DE LA ASOCIACION MEDICA DE PUERTO RICO 2013; 105:62-64. [PMID: 23882993 PMCID: PMC4042624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous studies have suggested that the G47D mutation leads patients to develop Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) type IA. This mutation has been described in the Canary Islands. Historically, there has been a migration from the Canary Islands to some regions of Puerto Rico. OBJECTIVE To report on the ocular findings of two Puerto Rican patients with OCA IA due to the G47D Tyrosinase gene mutation. PATIENT AND FINDINGS: Two unrelated patients with OCA underwent a comprehensive eye examination and were referred for genetic analysis. Patients had almost total iris transillumination, clear lenses, foveal hypoplasia with transparent maculae, and albinotic mid peripheries. Both patients had nystagmus, and only one patient had strabismus. CONCLUSIONS Patients with the G47D muta- tion leading to OCA IA have poor visual acuities and poorly pigmented phenotypic ophthalmic findings. Further studies comparing ocular findings in patients th several mutations leading to OCA IA are warranted. To our knowledge this is the first report on ocular findings in Puerto Rican patients with OCA type IA with the rare G47D mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalio J. Izquierdo
- Department of Surgery, UPR School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Carmen Cadilla
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Richter O, Müller-Vogt U, Strutz J, Gassner HG. [Postoperative bleeding after resection of an intraosseous hemangioma]. HNO 2012; 61:347-9. [PMID: 23241858 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-012-2539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Richter
- HNO-Klinik und Poliklinik der Universität Regensburg, Franz-Joseph-Strauss-Allee 11, 93042, Regensburg, Deutschland.
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Atochina-Vasserman EN, Bates SR, Zhang P, Abramova H, Zhang Z, Gonzales L, Tao JQ, Gochuico BR, Gahl W, Guo CJ, Gow AJ, Beers MF, Guttentag S. Early alveolar epithelial dysfunction promotes lung inflammation in a mouse model of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 184:449-58. [PMID: 21616998 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201011-1882oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The pulmonary phenotype of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) in adults includes foamy alveolar type 2 cells, inflammation, and lung remodeling, but there is no information about ontogeny or early disease mediators. OBJECTIVES To establish the ontogeny of HPS lung disease in an animal model, examine disease mediators, and relate them to patients with HPS1. METHODS Mice with mutations in both HPS1/pale ear and HPS2/AP3B1/pearl (EPPE mice) were studied longitudinally. Total lung homogenate, lung tissue sections, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were examined for phospholipid, collagen, histology, cell counts, chemokines, surfactant protein D (SP-D), and S-nitrosylated SP-D. Isolated alveolar epithelial cells were examined for expression of inflammatory mediators, and chemotaxis assays were used to assess their importance. Pulmonary function test results and BAL from patients with HPS1 and normal volunteers were examined for clinical correlation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS EPPE mice develop increased total lung phospholipid, followed by a macrophage-predominant pulmonary inflammation, and lung remodeling including fibrosis. BAL fluid from EPPE animals exhibited early accumulation of both SP-D and S-nitrosylated SP-D. BAL fluid from patients with HPS1 exhibited similar changes in SP-D that correlated inversely with pulmonary function. Alveolar epithelial cells demonstrated expression of both monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in juvenile EPPE mice. Last, BAL from EPPE mice and patients with HPS1 enhanced migration of RAW267.4 cells, which was attenuated by immunodepletion of SP-D and MCP-1. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation is initiated from the abnormal alveolar epithelial cells in HPS, and S-nitrosylated SP-D plays a significant role in amplifying pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Atochina-Vasserman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Carmona-Rivera C, Hess RA, O'Brien K, Golas G, Tsilou E, White JG, Gahl WA, Huizing M. Novel mutations in the HPS1 gene among Puerto Rican patients. Clin Genet 2011; 79:561-7. [PMID: 20662851 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01491.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a disorder of oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) and platelet storage pool deficiency. Eight different disease-causing genes have been identified, whose gene products are thought to be involved in the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles. HPS type 1 (HPS-1) is the most common HPS subtype in Puerto Rico, with a frequency of 1:1800 in the northwest of the island due to a founder mutation, i.e. a 16-bp duplication in exon 15 of the HPS1 gene (c.1472_1487dup16; p.H497QfsX90). We identified three Puerto Rican HPS-1 patients who carried compound heterozygous HPS1 mutations. One patient was heterozygous for c.937G>A, causing a missense mutation (p.G313S) at the 3 splice junction of exon 10. This mutation resulted in activation of a cryptic intronic splice site causing an aberrantly spliced HPS1 mRNA that included 144-bp of intronic sequence, producing 11 novel amino acids followed by a stop codon. The other two patients were heterozygous for the previously reported c.972delC in HPS1, resulting in a frameshift and a premature stop codon (p.M325WfsX6). These findings indicate that, among Puerto Ricans, other HPS1 mutations apart from the 16-bp duplication should be considered in the analysis of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Carmona-Rivera
- Section on Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Clinical, molecular, and cellular features of non-Puerto Rican Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome patients of Hispanic descent. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:2394-400. [PMID: 21833017 PMCID: PMC3213276 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by a bleeding diathesis and hypopigmentation of the skin, hair and eyes. Some HPS patients develop other complications such as granulomatous colitis and/or a fatal pulmonary fibrosis. Eight genes have been associated with the condition, resulting in subtypes HPS-1 through HPS-8. The HPS gene products are involved in the biogenesis of specialized lysosome-related organelles such as melanosomes, platelet delta granules and others. HPS1 and HPS4 form a stable complex named BLOC-3, and patients with BLOC-3 or AP-3 deficiency develop pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, it is important to subtype each HPS patient. HPS type 1 (HPS-1) occurs frequently on the island Puerto Rico due to a founder mutation. Here, we describe seven mutations, six of which are previously unreported, in the HPS1, HPS4 and HPS5 genes among patients of Mexican, Uruguayan, Honduran, Cuban, Venezuelan and Salvadoran ancestries. Our findings demonstrate that the diagnosis of HPS should be considered in Hispanic patients with oculocutaneous albinism and bleeding symptoms. Moreover, such patients should not be assumed to have the HPS-1 subtype typical of northwest Puerto Rican patients. We recommend molecular HPS subtyping in such cases, since it may have significant implications for prognosis and intervention.
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Serrant MT, Ramirez SI, Cadilla CL, Ramos-Valencia G, Santiago-Borrero PJ. Newborn screening for hermansky-pudlak syndrome type 3 in Puerto Rico. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2010; 32:448-53. [PMID: 20562649 PMCID: PMC3640623 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e3181e5e1f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by albinism, mucocutaneous bleeding, and storage of ceroid material in macrophages. Patients who are not easily identified by physical characteristics (mostly HPS-3 patients) may have hemorrhagic complications with trauma or surgery. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of HPS-3 in Puerto Rican newborns using DNA pooling technique. DESIGN/METHODS Twelve percent of annual Puerto Rican births were tested randomly by polymerase chain reaction for the HPS-3 mutation, using pooled DNA extracted from dried blood samples. RESULTS HPS-3 mutation was detected in 75 samples. Two newborns were found to be homozygous. Carrier frequency was 1:85 (1.18%). CONCLUSIONS The HPS-3 carrier frequency found (1.18%) justifies universal newborn screening in Puerto Rico. DNA pooling reduces time and labor in newborn screening thus facilitating early diagnosis and treatment of children with HPS-3 and the provision of genetic counseling to parents and relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Torres Serrant
- Department of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology Section University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine
| | - Sonia I Ramirez
- Department of Pediatrics University of PR School of Medicine
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Thielen N, Huizing M, Krabbe JG, White JG, Jansen TJ, Merle PA, Gahl WA, Zweegman S. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: the importance of molecular subtyping. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:1643-5. [PMID: 20456745 PMCID: PMC2909352 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03898.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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García-Fragoso L, García-García I, Leavitt G, Renta J, Ayala MA, Cadilla CL. MTHFR polymorphisms in Puerto Rican children with isolated congenital heart disease and their mothers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 2:43-47. [PMID: 20657745 PMCID: PMC2908276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD) are among the most common birth defects. There is evidence suggesting that polymorphisms in folate metabolism could alter susceptibility to CHD. The MTHFR 677TT genotype has been associated with the development of structural congenital heart malformations. The objective of this study was to identify common polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene in children with isolated CHD and their mothers. The DNA analysis for the C677T and A1298C mutations was performed. The study group included 27 mothers, 27 children with CHD, and 220 controls. The prevalence of the TT polymorphism was higher in mothers (22%) than in controls (10%). Compound heterozygosity for both polymorphisms was 3.7 times more common in children with CHD than in the newborn controls. Mothers of children with CHD were more likely to be compound heterozygotes. The higher prevalence of C677T polymorphisms in mothers of children with CHD and of compound heterozygosity for both polymorphisms suggests the possible role of folic acid in the prevention of CHD. Due to the relation of this enzyme to folate metabolism, current folate recommendations for women in childbearing age in Puerto Rico to reduce neural tube defects may need to be extended to the prevention of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes García-Fragoso
- UPR School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Section, PO Box 365067, San Juan, PR. 00936-5067
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Tager AM, Sharma A, Mark EJ. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 32-2009. A 27-year-old man with progressive dyspnea. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:1585-93. [PMID: 19828536 DOI: 10.1056/nejmcpc0905544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Tager
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
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Chiang PW, Fulton AB, Spector E, Hisama FM. Synergistic interaction of theOCA2andOCA3genes in a family. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:2427-30. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Nazarian R, Huizing M, Helip-Wooley A, Starcevic M, Gahl WA, Dell'Angelica EC. An immunoblotting assay to facilitate the molecular diagnosis of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Mol Genet Metab 2008; 93:134-44. [PMID: 17933573 PMCID: PMC2242292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Revised: 09/01/2007] [Accepted: 09/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) comprises a constellation of human autosomal recessive disorders characterized by albinism and platelet storage pool deficiency. At least eight types of HPS have been defined based on the identity of the mutated gene. These genes encode components of four ubiquitously expressed protein complexes, named Adaptor Protein (AP)-3 and Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelles Complex (BLOC)-1 through -3. In patients of Puerto Rican origin, the molecular diagnosis can be based on analysis of two founder mutations. On the other hand, identification of the HPS type in other patients relies on the sequencing of all candidate genes. In this work, we have developed a biochemical assay to minimize the number of candidate genes to be sequenced per patient. The assay consists of immunoblotting analysis of extracts prepared from skin fibroblasts, using antibodies to one subunit per protein complex. The assay allowed us to determine which complex was defective in each of a group of HPS patients with unknown genetic lesions, thus subsequent sequencing was limited to genes encoding the corresponding subunits. Because no mutations within the two genes encoding BLOC-3 subunits could be found in two patients displaying reduced BLOC-3 levels, the possible existence of additional subunits was considered. Through size-exclusion chromatography and sedimentation velocity analysis, the native molecular mass of BLOC-3 was estimated to be 140+/-30 kDa, a value most consistent with the idea that BLOC-3 is a HPS1HPS4 heterodimer (approximately 156 kDa) albeit not inconsistent with the putative existence of a relatively small third subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Nazarian
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Korswagen LA, Huizing M, Simsek S, Janssen JJWM, Zweegman S. A novel mutation in a Turkish patient with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 5. Eur J Haematol 2007; 80:356-60. [PMID: 18182080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2007.01024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinism, platelet dysfunction and lysosomal ceroid lipofuscin storage. This is caused by defects in lysosome-related organelles. In humans eight different types of the syndrome are known, of which a short overview is given. The clinical features and a novel mutation of a patient with HPS type 5 are described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindy-Anne Korswagen
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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