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Ohnishi Y, Masui A, Suezawa T, Mikawa R, Hirai T, Hagiwara M, Gotoh S. Screening of factors inducing alveolar type 1 epithelial cells using human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:529-544. [PMID: 38552636 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alveolar type 2 (AT2) epithelial cells are tissue stem cells capable of differentiating into alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells for injury repair and maintenance of lung homeostasis. However, the factors involved in human AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation are not fully understood. Here, we established SFTPCGFP and AGERmCherry-HiBiT dual-reporter induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which detected AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation with high sensitivity and identified factors inducing AT1 cell differentiation from AT2 and their progenitor cells. We also established an "on-gel" alveolar epithelial spheroid culture suitable for medium-throughput screening. Among the 274 chemical compounds, several single compounds, including LATS-IN-1, converted AT1 cells from AT2 and their progenitor cells. Moreover, YAP/TAZ signaling activation and AKT signaling suppression synergistically recapitulated the induction of transcriptomic, morphological, and functionally mature AT1 cells. Our findings provide novel insights into human lung development and lung regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ohnishi
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masui
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suezawa
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryuta Mikawa
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Niki K, Asano R, Sakanoue R, Hasegawa A, Yamada Y, Hagiwara M, Mimura K. Photoemission Orbital Tomography Using a Robust Sparse PhaseLift. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2672-2679. [PMID: 38530789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Photoemission orbital tomography (POT) from photoelectron momentum maps (PMMs) is a powerful technique that visualizes the shape of the molecular orbitals (MOs) of molecular films. For further utilization of POT, a simple and low-cost method of POT is highly required. Here, we propose a new POT method based on the PhaseLift algorithm (PhaseLift POT). This method utilizes a lifting procedure to convert the PMM, which is a second-order polynomial of MO coefficients, into a first-order polynomial of the lifted MO coefficients and further relaxes the equality constraint for a given PMM. We also established a method to improve the accuracy of phase retrieval from the noisy PMM data by using sparsity for MO coefficients (sparse PhaseLift POT). These methods make it possible to reconstruct the three-dimensional MOs, including phases of the wave function, directly from a single experimental PMM. This method can also precisely determine the adsorption-induced molecular deformations with an accuracy of 0.05 [Å]. Furthermore, the robust sparse PhaseLift POT is robust against unavoidable noise in the experimental PMMs due to the relaxation of the matching condition for a given PMM. Therefore, this will be an innovative tool for POT, especially for analyzing the dynamics of the molecules during the chemical reaction and excitation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Niki
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - R Asano
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - R Sakanoue
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - A Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Y Yamada
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - M Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - K Mimura
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima 731-3194, Japan
- School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-0026, Japan
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Yamada M, Maeta K, Suzuki H, Kurosawa R, Takenouchi T, Awaya T, Ajiro M, Takeuchi A, Nishio H, Hagiwara M, Miya F, Matsuo M, Kosaki K. Successful skipping of abnormal pseudoexon by antisense oligonucleotides in vitro for a patient with beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6506. [PMID: 38499569 PMCID: PMC10948761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in WDR45 on chromosome Xp11 cause neurodegenerative disorder beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN). Currently, there is no effective therapy for BPAN. Here we report a 17-year-old female patient with BPAN and show that antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) was effective in vitro. The patient had developmental delay and later showed extrapyramidal signs since the age of 15 years. MRI findings showed iron deposition in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra on T2 MRI. Whole genome sequencing and RNA sequencing revealed generation of pseudoexon due to inclusion of intronic sequences triggered by an intronic variant that is remote from the exon-intron junction: WDR45 (OMIM #300526) chrX(GRCh37):g.48935143G > C, (NM_007075.4:c.235 + 159C > G). We recapitulated the exonization of intron sequences by a mini-gene assay and further sought antisense oligonucleotide that induce pseudoexon skipping using our recently developed, a dual fluorescent splicing reporter system that encodes two fluorescent proteins, mCherry, a transfection marker designed to facilitate evaluation of exon skipping and split eGFP, a splicing reaction marker. The results showed that the 24-base ASO was the strongest inducer of pseudoexon skipping. Our data presented here have provided supportive evidence for in vivo preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Yamada
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Maeta
- KNC Department of Nucleic Acid Drug Discovery, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hisato Suzuki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Kurosawa
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takenouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonari Awaya
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Anatomical Studies, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ajiro
- Division of Cancer RNA Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuko Takeuchi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hisahide Nishio
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Miya
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Matsuo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Hirai M, Ikeda A, Kato T, Ikeda T, Asada K, Hakuno Y, Matsushima K, Awaya T, Okazaki S, Kato T, Heike T, Hagiwara M, Yamagata T, Tomiwa K, Kimura R. Comparison of the Sensory Profile Among Autistic Individuals and Individuals with Williams Syndrome. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-023-06205-1. [PMID: 38281276 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE With the current study, we aimed to reveal the similarities and differences in sensory profiles between Williams syndrome (WS) and autism spectrum disorder. METHODS Using the sensory profile questionnaire completed by the caregivers, we analyzed the WS (n = 60, 3.4-19.8 years) and autistic (n = 39, 4.2-14.0 years) groups. RESULTS The Severity Analysis revealed a significant group difference in Sensory Sensitivity but not in Low Registration, Sensation Seeking, and Sensation Avoiding subscales. Age can modulate the subscale scores differently across groups. For Sensation Seeking, the scores of both groups decreased with development. However, the scores of Sensory Sensitivity decreased with age in the autistic group but not in the WS group. Sensation Avoiding scores increased with development in the WS group but not in the autistic group. No significant developmental changes were observed in Low Registration. CONCLUSION This study highlights the cross-syndrome similarities and differences in sensory profiles and developmental changes in autistic individuals and individuals with WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hirai
- Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo- cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
- Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Ikeda
- Department of Psychology, Senshu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeo Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga Medical Center for Children, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ikeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kosuke Asada
- Faculty of Sociology, Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Hakuno
- Global Research Institute, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanae Matsushima
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomonari Awaya
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin Okazaki
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kato
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Heike
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Ryo Kimura
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Sato JI, Onogi H, Nomura N, Hagiwara M, Inouye S. Bioluminescent immunoassay for serine/threonine protein kinase activity using an aequorin-labeled monoclonal antibody and a synthetic peptide as a substrate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 681:180-185. [PMID: 37783115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
A bioluminescent immunoassay system was developed to determine serine/threonine protein kinase activity using an aequorin-labeled monoclonal antibody and a synthetic peptide as the substrate. A monoclonal antibody against the synthetic phosphorylated serine peptide (K9P peptide) of histone H3 (19 amino acid residues), referred to as the H3S10P antibody, was chemically conjugated to maleimide-activated aequorin to prepare aequorin-labeled H3S10P (AQ-S-H3S10P). For the serine/threonine kinase assay, a non-phosphorylated serine peptide (K9C peptide) coated on a microplate was incubated with serine/threonine protein kinase in the presence of ATP and Mg2+. The resulting phosphorylated K9C peptides (K9P peptide) were identified using AQ-S-H3S10P. Thus, after the removal of unbound AQ-S-H3S10P though washing, the serine/threonine kinase activity was determined by the luminescence activity of aequorin from AQ-S-H3S10P bound to the K9P peptide. This assay system, in combination with the K9C peptide and AQ-S-H3S10P, could be used to screen inhibitors of various serine/threonine protein kinases in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ich Sato
- Yokohama Research Center, JNC Co., 5-1 Okawa, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-8605, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Onogi
- KinoPharma, Inc. Kyoto-University Katsura Venture Plaza 1-39 Goryoohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8245, Japan.
| | - Namiko Nomura
- KinoPharma, Inc. Kyoto-University Katsura Venture Plaza 1-39 Goryoohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8245, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inouye
- Yokohama Research Center, JNC Co., 5-1 Okawa, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-8605, Japan.
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Hosokawa M, Mikawa R, Hagiwara A, Okuno Y, Awaya T, Yamamoto Y, Takahashi S, Yamaki H, Osawa M, Setoguchi Y, Saito MK, Abe S, Hirai T, Gotoh S, Hagiwara M. Cryptotanshinone is a candidate therapeutic agent for interstitial lung disease associated with a BRICHOS-domain mutation of SFTPC. iScience 2023; 26:107731. [PMID: 37701577 PMCID: PMC10494175 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) represents a large group of diseases characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the lungs, for which therapeutic options are limited. Among several causative genes of familial ILD with autosomal dominant inheritance, the mutations in the BRICHOS domain of SFTPC cause protein accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum stress by misfolding its proprotein. Through a screening system using these two phenotypes in HEK293 cells and evaluation using alveolar epithelial type 2 (AT2) cells differentiated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), we identified Cryptotanshinone (CPT) as a potential therapeutic agent for ILD. CPT decreased cell death induced by mutant SFTPC overexpression in A549 and HEK293 cells and ameliorated the bleomycin-induced contraction of the matrix in fibroblast-dependent alveolar organoids derived from iPSCs with SFTPC mutation. CPT and this screening strategy can apply to abnormal protein-folding-associated ILD and other protein-misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyasu Hosokawa
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Developmental Biology and Functional Genomics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Ryuta Mikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukiko Okuno
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomonari Awaya
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Senye Takahashi
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Haruka Yamaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mitsujiro Osawa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Setoguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Megumu K Saito
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Abe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Tokyo, Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Kurosawa R, Iida K, Ajiro M, Awaya T, Yamada M, Kosaki K, Hagiwara M. PDIVAS: Pathogenicity predictor for Deep-Intronic Variants causing Aberrant Splicing. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:601. [PMID: 37817060 PMCID: PMC10563346 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep-intronic variants that alter RNA splicing were ineffectively evaluated in the search for the cause of genetic diseases. Determination of such pathogenic variants from a vast number of deep-intronic variants (approximately 1,500,000 variants per individual) represents a technical challenge to researchers. Thus, we developed a Pathogenicity predictor for Deep-Intronic Variants causing Aberrant Splicing (PDIVAS) to easily detect pathogenic deep-intronic variants. RESULTS PDIVAS was trained on an ensemble machine-learning algorithm to classify pathogenic and benign variants in a curated dataset. The dataset consists of manually curated pathogenic splice-altering variants (SAVs) and commonly observed benign variants within deep introns. Splicing features and a splicing constraint metric were used to maximize the predictive sensitivity and specificity, respectively. PDIVAS showed an average precision of 0.92 and a maximum MCC of 0.88 in classifying these variants, which were the best of the previous predictors. When PDIVAS was applied to genome sequencing analysis on a threshold with 95% sensitivity for reported pathogenic SAVs, an average of 27 pathogenic candidates were extracted per individual. Furthermore, the causative variants in simulated patient genomes were more efficiently prioritized than the previous predictors. CONCLUSION Incorporating PDIVAS into variant interpretation pipelines will enable efficient detection of disease-causing deep-intronic SAVs and contribute to improving the diagnostic yield. PDIVAS is publicly available at https://github.com/shiro-kur/PDIVAS .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kurosawa
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Kei Iida
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida- Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ajiro
- Division of Cancer RNA Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104- 0045, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomonari Awaya
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunity, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mamiko Yamada
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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Ohara H, Hosokawa M, Awaya T, Hagiwara A, Kurosawa R, Sako Y, Ogawa M, Ogasawara M, Noguchi S, Goto Y, Takahashi R, Nishino I, Hagiwara M. Branchpoints as potential targets of exon-skipping therapies for genetic disorders. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2023; 33:404-412. [PMID: 37547287 PMCID: PMC10403725 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Fukutin (FKTN) c.647+2084G>T creates a pseudo-exon with a premature stop codon, which causes Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD). We aimed to ameliorate aberrant splicing of FKTN caused by this variant. We screened compounds focusing on splicing regulation using the c.647+2084G>T splicing reporter and discovered that the branchpoint, which is essential for splicing reactions, could be a potential therapeutic target. To confirm the effectiveness of branchpoints as targets for exon skipping, we designed branchpoint-targeted antisense oligonucleotides (BP-AONs). This restored normal FKTN mRNA and protein production in FCMD patient myotubes. We identified a functional BP by detecting splicing intermediates and creating BP mutations in the FKTN reporter gene; this BP was non-redundant and sufficiently blocked by BP-AONs. Next, a BP-AON was designed for a different FCMD-causing variant, which induces pathogenic exon trapping by a common SINE-VNTR-Alu-type retrotransposon. Notably, this BP-AON also restored normal FKTN mRNA and protein production in FCMD patient myotubes. Our findings suggest that BPs could be potential targets in exon-skipping therapeutic strategies for genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ohara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery for Intractable Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Hosokawa
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomonari Awaya
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunity, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Kurosawa
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yukiya Sako
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Megumu Ogawa
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Masashi Ogasawara
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Satoru Noguchi
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Yuichi Goto
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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9
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Nakano-Kobayashi A, Canela A, Yoshihara T, Hagiwara M. Astrocyte-targeting therapy rescues cognitive impairment caused by neuroinflammation via the Nrf2 pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303809120. [PMID: 37549281 PMCID: PMC10438385 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303809120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common feature of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroinflammation is induced by dysregulated glial activation, and astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells, become reactive upon neuroinflammatory cytokines released from microglia and actively contribute to neuronal loss. Therefore, blocking reactive astrocyte functions is a viable strategy to manage neurodegenerative disorders. However, factors or therapeutics directly regulating astrocyte subtypes remain unexplored. Here, we identified transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as a therapeutic target in neurotoxic reactive astrocytes upon neuroinflammation. We found that the absence of Nrf2 promoted the activation of reactive astrocytes in the brain tissue samples obtained from AD model 5xFAD mice, whereas enhanced Nrf2 expression blocked the induction of reactive astrocyte gene expression by counteracting NF-κB subunit p65 recruitment. Neuroinflammatory astrocytes robustly up-regulated genes associated with type I interferon and the antigen-presenting pathway, which were suppressed by Nrf2 pathway activation. Moreover, impaired cognitive behaviors observed in AD mice were rescued upon ALGERNON2 treatment, which potentiated the Nrf2 pathway and reduced the induction of neurotoxic reactive astrocytes. Thus, we highlight the potential of astrocyte-targeting therapy by promoting the Nrf2 pathway signaling for neuroinflammation-triggered neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nakano-Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Andres Canela
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research and Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshihara
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
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10
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Matsushima S, Ajiro M, Iida K, Chamoto K, Honjo T, Hagiwara M. Abstract 5093: Chemically inducible splice-neoantigens for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-5093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Although immune checkpoint blockade therapies have dramatically improved the survival rate of patients with cancer compared with other treatment approaches, a substantial number of patients show poor response or resistance to these therapies. Meta-analyses for programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade responses highlight the importance of neoantigens, derived from non-synonymous mutations in cancer cells, for antitumor immune responses. Intriguingly, recent transcriptome and genomics studies predict the presence of putative neoantigens as a result of an irregular pre-mRNA splicing regulation in cancer cells, indicating that alterations in RNA splicing in cancer cells might induce antitumor immune responses. Here, we report that induction of serine/arginine-rich splicing factor (SRSF)-dependent splicing boosts the production of splicing-associated neoantigens (splice-neoantigens) and potentiates the response to PD-1 blockade. Administration of a synthetic SRSF activator RECTAS suppressed tumor growth in a host CD8+ T cell- and tumor major histocompatibility complex class I-dependent manner and promoted the antitumor effect of anti-PD-L1 antibody without detectable autoimmunity. Subsequent transcriptome analysis and validation for immunogenicity identified six splice-neoantigen candidates whose expression was induced by RECTAS treatment. Importantly, vaccination of the identified neoepitopes elicited T cell responses capable of killing cancer cells in vitro, in addition to suppression of tumor growth in vivo upon sensitization with RECTAS. Collectively, these results provide support for the further development of splice variant-inducing treatments for cancer immunotherapy.
Citation Format: Shingo Matsushima, Masahiko Ajiro, Kei Iida, Kenji Chamoto, Tasuku Honjo, Masatoshi Hagiwara. Chemically inducible splice-neoantigens for cancer immunotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5093.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kei Iida
- 2Kindai Univ. Faculty of Science and Engineering, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Chamoto
- 1Kyoto Univ. Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tasuku Honjo
- 1Kyoto Univ. Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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11
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Nagai T, Terada N, Fujii M, Nagata Y, Nakahara K, Mukai S, Okasho K, Kamiyama Y, Akamatsu S, Kobayashi T, Iida K, Denawa M, Hagiwara M, Inoue T, Ogawa O, Kamoto T. Identification of the α2 chain of interleukin-13 receptor as a potential biomarker for predicting castration resistance of prostate cancer using patient-derived xenograft models. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1701. [PMID: 36806727 PMCID: PMC9939991 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several treatment strategies use upfront chemotherapy or androgen receptor axis-targeting therapies for metastatic prostate cancer. However, there are no useful biomarkers for selecting appropriate patients who urgently require these treatments. METHODS Novel patient-derived xenograft (PDX) castration-sensitive and -resistant models were established and gene expression patterns were comprehensively compared. The function of a gene highly expressed in the castration-resistant models was evaluated by its overexpression in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Protein expression in the tumors and serum of patients was examined by immunohistochemistry and ELISA, and correlations with castration resistance were analyzed. RESULTS Expression of the α2 chain of interleukin-13 receptor (IL13Rα2) was higher in castration-resistant PDX tumors. LNCaP cells overexpressing IL13Rα2 acquired castration resistance in vitro and in vivo. In tissue samples, IL13Rα2 expression levels were significantly associated with castration-resistant progression (p < 0.05). In serum samples, IL13Rα2 levels could be measured in 5 of 28 (18%) castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. CONCLUSION IL13Rα2 was highly expressed in castration-resistant prostate cancer PDX models and was associated with the castration resistance of prostate cancer cells. It might be a potential tissue and serum biomarker for predicting castration resistance in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nagai
- Department of UrologyMiyazaki University Graduate School of MedicineMiyazakiJapan
| | - Naoki Terada
- Department of UrologyMiyazaki University Graduate School of MedicineMiyazakiJapan
| | - Masato Fujii
- Department of UrologyMiyazaki University Graduate School of MedicineMiyazakiJapan
| | - Yasuhisa Nagata
- Department of UrologyMiyazaki University Graduate School of MedicineMiyazakiJapan
| | - Kozue Nakahara
- Department of UrologyMiyazaki University Graduate School of MedicineMiyazakiJapan
| | - Shoichiro Mukai
- Department of UrologyMiyazaki University Graduate School of MedicineMiyazakiJapan
| | - Kosuke Okasho
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Yuki Kamiyama
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Shusuke Akamatsu
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Kei Iida
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Masatsugu Denawa
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Nephro‐Urologic Surgery and AndrologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Toshiyuki Kamoto
- Department of UrologyMiyazaki University Graduate School of MedicineMiyazakiJapan
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12
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Sakamoto T, Ajiro M, Watanabe A, Matsushima S, Ueda K, Hagiwara M. Application of the CDK9 inhibitor FIT-039 for the treatment of KSHV-associated malignancy. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:71. [PMID: 36670405 PMCID: PMC9862866 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10540-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) in B lymphocytes causes primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), the most aggressive form of KSHV-related cancer, which is resistant to conventional chemotherapy. In this study, we report that the BCBL-1 KSHV+ PEL cell line does not harbor oncogenic mutations responsible for its aggressive malignancy. Assuming that KSHV viral oncogenes play crucial roles in PEL proliferation, we examined the effect of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor FIT-039 on KSHV viral gene expression and KSHV+ PEL proliferation. We found that FIT-039 treatment impaired the proliferation of KSHV+ PEL cells and the expression of KSHV viral genes in vitro. The effects of FIT-039 treatment on PEL cells were further evaluated in the PEL xenograft model that retains a more physiological environment for the growth of PEL growth and KSHV propagation, and we confirmed that FIT-039 administration drastically inhibited PEL growth in vivo. Our current study indicates that FIT-039 is a potential new anticancer drug targeting KSHV for PEL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsunori Sakamoto
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Building C, 3Rd Floor, Yoshida-Konoe Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan ,Present address: Japanese Red Cross Otsu Hospital, Otsu, 520-8511 Japan
| | - Masahiko Ajiro
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Building C, 3Rd Floor, Yoshida-Konoe Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8397 Japan
| | - Shingo Matsushima
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Keiji Ueda
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Division of Virology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Building C, 3Rd Floor, Yoshida-Konoe Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
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13
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Okazaki S, Kimura R, Otsuka I, Tomiwa K, Funabiki Y, Hagiwara M, Murai T, Hishimoto A. Epigenetic aging in Williams syndrome. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:1553-1562. [PMID: 35416284 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a microdeletion at the 7q11.23 region and is characterized by diverse symptoms encompassing physical and cognitive features. WS was reported to be associated to altered DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns. However, due to the limited information from long-term studies, it remains unclear whether WS accelerates aging. Genome-wide DNAm profiles can serve as "epigenetic clocks" to help estimate biological aging along with age-related markers, such as plasma proteins and telomere length. METHODS We investigated GrimAge, DNAm-based telomere length (DNAmTL), and other epigenetic clocks in blood samples of 32 patients with WS and 32 healthy controls. RESULTS We observed a significant acceleration in GrimAge, DNAmTL, and other epigenetic clocks in patients with WS as compared with those of controls. In addition, several GrimAge components, such as adrenomedullin, growth differentiation factor-15, leptin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, were altered in patients with WS. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel evidence supporting the hypothesis that WS may be associated to accelerated biological aging. A better understanding of the overall underlying biological effects of WS can provide new foundations for improved patient care; thus, long-term follow-up studies are still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryo Kimura
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikuo Otsuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Yasuko Funabiki
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
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14
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Matsushima S, Ajiro M, Iida K, Chamoto K, Honjo T, Hagiwara M. Chemical induction of splice-neoantigens attenuates tumor growth in a preclinical model of colorectal cancer. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn6056. [PMID: 36449604 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn6056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Neoantigen production is a determinant of cancer immunotherapy. However, the expansion of neoantigen abundance for cancer therapeutics is technically challenging. Here, we report that the synthetic compound RECTAS can induce the production of splice-neoantigens that could be used to boost antitumor immune responses. RECTAS suppressed tumor growth in a CD8+ T cell- and tumor major histocompatibility complex class I-dependent manner and enhanced immune checkpoint blockade efficacy. Subsequent transcriptome analysis and validation for immunogenicity identified six splice-neoantigen candidates whose expression was induced by RECTAS treatment. Vaccination of the identified neoepitopes elicited T cell responses capable of killing cancer cells in vitro, in addition to suppression of tumor growth in vivo upon sensitization with RECTAS. Collectively, these results provide support for the further development of splice variant-inducing treatments for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Matsushima
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ajiro
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kei Iida
- Medical Research Support Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Chamoto
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tasuku Honjo
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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15
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Kanemitsu E, Zhao X, Iwaisako K, Inoue A, Takeuchi A, Yagi S, Masumoto H, Ohara H, Hosokawa M, Awaya T, Aoki J, Hatano E, Uemoto S, Hagiwara M. Antagonist of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3 reduces cold injury of rat donor hearts for transplantation. Transl Res 2022; 255:26-36. [PMID: 36347491 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cold storage is widely used to preserve an organ for transplantation; however, a long duration of cold storage negatively impacts graft function. Unfortunately, the mechanisms underlying cold exposure remain unclear. Based on the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signal involved in cold tolerance in hibernating mammals, we hypothesized that S1P signal blockage reduces damage from cold storage. We used an in vitro cold storage and rewarming model to evaluate cold injury and investigated the relationship between cold injury and S1P signal. Compounds affecting S1P receptors (S1PR) were screened for their protective effect in this model and its inhibitory effect on S1PRs was measured using the NanoLuc Binary Technology (NanoBiT)-β-arrestin recruitment assays. The effects of a potent antagonist were examined via heterotopic abdominal rat heart transplantation. The heart grafts were transplanted after 24-hour preservation and evaluated on day 7 after transplantation. Cold injury increased depending on the cold storage time and was induced by S1P. The most potent antagonist strongly suppressed cold injury consistent with the effect of S1P deprivation in vitro. In vivo, this antagonist enabled 24-hour preservation, and drastically improved the beating score, cardiac size, and serological markers. Pathological analysis revealed that it suppressed the interstitial edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, myocyte lesion, TUNEL-positive cell death, and fibrosis. In conclusion, S1PR3 antagonist reduced cold injury, extended the cold preservation time, and improved graft viability. Cold preservation strategies via S1P signaling may have clinical applications in organ preservation for transplantation and contribute to an increase in the donor pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisho Kanemitsu
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xiangdong Zhao
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwaisako
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akihide Takeuchi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Developmental Biology and Functional Genomics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yagi
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Masumoto
- Clinical Translational Research Program, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Hosokawa
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomonari Awaya
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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16
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Tamai K, Sakai K, Yamaki H, Moriguchi K, Igura K, Maehana S, Suezawa T, Takehara K, Hagiwara M, Hirai T, Gotoh S. iPSC-derived mesenchymal cells that support alveolar organoid development. Cell Rep Methods 2022; 2:100314. [PMID: 36313800 PMCID: PMC9606132 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal cells are necessary for organ development. In the lung, distal tip fibroblasts contribute to alveolar and airway epithelial cell differentiation and homeostasis. Here, we report a method for generating human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived mesenchymal cells (iMESs) that can induce human iPSC-derived alveolar and airway epithelial lineages in organoids via epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, without the use of allogenic fetal lung fibroblasts. Through a transcriptome comparison of dermal and lung fibroblasts with their corresponding reprogrammed iPSC-derived iMESs, we found that iMESs had features of lung mesenchyme with the potential to induce alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells. Particularly, RSPO2 and RSPO3 expressed in iMESs directly contributed to AT2 cell induction during organoid formation. We demonstrated that the total iPSC-derived alveolar organoids were useful for characterizing responses to the influenza A (H1N1) virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, demonstrating their utility for disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Tamai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kouji Sakai
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Yamaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keita Moriguchi
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Igura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shotaro Maehana
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suezawa
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takehara
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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17
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Takashima Y, Murata A, Iida K, Sugai A, Hagiwara M, Nakatani K. Method for Identifying Sequence Motifs in Pre-miRNAs for Small-Molecule Binding. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2817-2827. [PMID: 36150699 PMCID: PMC9594041 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs are emerging targets for drug development because they are involved in various cellular processes. However, there are a few reliable design strategies for small molecules that can target RNAs. This paper reports a simple and efficient method to comprehensively analyze RNA motifs that can be bound by a specific small molecule. The method involves Dicer-mediated pre-miRNA cleavage and subsequent analysis of the reaction products by high-throughput sequencing. A pre-miRNA mutant library containing a randomized region at the Dicer cleavage site was used as the substrate for the reaction. Sequencing analysis of the products of the reaction carried out in the presence or absence of a synthetic small molecule identified the pre-miRNA mutants whose Dicer-mediated cleavage was significantly altered by the addition of the small molecule. The binding of the small molecule to the identified pre-miRNA mutants was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance, demonstrating the feasibility of our method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takashima
- Department
of Regulatory Bioorganic Chemistry, SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific
and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Asako Murata
- Department
of Regulatory Bioorganic Chemistry, SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific
and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan,
| | - Kei Iida
- Medical
Research Support Center, Kyoto University
Graduate School of Medicine, Konoecho Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ayako Sugai
- Department
of Regulatory Bioorganic Chemistry, SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific
and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department
of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Kyoto
University Graduate School of Medicine, Konoecho Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakatani
- Department
of Regulatory Bioorganic Chemistry, SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific
and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan,
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18
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Hirai M, Asada K, Kato T, Ikeda T, Hakuno Y, Ikeda A, Matsushima K, Awaya T, Okazaki S, Kato T, Funabiki Y, Murai T, Heike T, Hagiwara M, Yamagata T, Tomiwa K, Kimura R. Comparison of the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 among Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Williams Syndrome in Japan. J Autism Dev Disord 2022:10.1007/s10803-022-05740-7. [PMID: 36167887 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05740-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the similarities/differences between the social phenotypes of Williams syndrome (WS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As cultural norms may affect symptom evaluation, this study administered the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 to Japanese individuals with WS (n = 78, 4.4-44.0 years) and ASD (n = 75, 4.7-55.4 years). The scores for Social Motivation and Social Communication were significantly more severe in the ASD than WS group. Overall, the similarities and differences between the social phenotypes of the syndromes were consistent with the findings of a recent study conducted in the UK, except for the social awareness subscale score. This highlights the importance of cross-cultural investigations of WS and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hirai
- Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8601, Nagoya, Japan.
- Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Asada
- Faculty of Sociology, Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga Medical Center for Children, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ikeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoko Hakuno
- Global Research Institute, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ikeda
- Department of Psychology, Senshu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kanae Matsushima
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomonari Awaya
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin Okazaki
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kato
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Funabiki
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshio Heike
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Ryo Kimura
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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19
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Hamanishi J, Sumi E, Miyamoto T, Uozumi R, Yamanoi K, Tada H, Amino Y, Hidaka Y, Ukita M, Yamaguchi K, Asada R, Ajiro M, Sawada T, Hagiwara M, Mandai M. Safety of the cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor FIT039 for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 or 2 in a phase I/II trial. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.3022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3022 Background: Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect uterine cervical epithelial cells, leading to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. However, there is no treatment for HPV infection in the uterine cervix prior to vaccination. We recently reported that cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) plays a critical role in viral RNA transcription of DNA viruses such as HPVs in host cells, and that FIT-039, a specific inhibitor of CDK9, suppresses the proliferation of several DNA viruses. Here, we evaluated the safety and antiviral effect of a FIT039-releasing vaginal tablet (FIT039CT) for CIN1 or 2 (CIN1/2). Methods: A multi-institutional, single-blind, placebo-controlled randomized phase I/II clinical trial involving 2 cohorts was designed to evaluate the safety of transvaginal FIT039CT for CIN1/2 as follows:. In the first cohort, 8 healthy women were randomized into FIT039CT (50mg/day or 100mg/day) or control group. In the second cohort, 14 women with a primary diagnosis of CIN1/2 were randomized into either FIT039CT (100mg/day) or control group. The primary endpoints were adverse events and plasma concentrations of FIT039. Results: 22 patients (8 volunteers, 11 CIN1 and 3 CIN2) were enrolled. There were no serious adverse events. Adverse events considered related to treatment were mild (vaginal discharge Grade 1: FIT039CT 16/17 women [94%] vs placebo 2/6 [33%]) and self-limiting in both cohorts. No patient discontinued this study due to adverse events. Maximum concentration (C max) and terminal elimination half-life (t 1/2) of serum FIT039 concentrations after single transvaginal treatment of FIT039CT were similar between the two doses as follows; C max (mean ± standard deviation) was 4.5 ± 0.5 ng/mL (50mg/day) and 4.4 ±1.4 ng/mL (100mg/day) at 6-7 hours; mean t1/2 was 14.8 ± 2.1 hours (50mg/day) and 12.1 ± 2.6 hours (100mg/day) hours. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the safety and validity of transvaginal FIT039CT once a day and may contribute to the development of an antiviral agent that can cure CIN1/2, and supports the design of the ongoing phase 2 clinical study. Clinical trial information: jRCT2051180201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzo Hamanishi
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Taito Miyamoto
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Koji Yamanoi
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Harue Tada
- Translational Research Center,Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Yu Hidaka
- Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Masahiko Ajiro
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruo Sawada
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Masaki Mandai
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Suezawa T, Kanagaki S, Moriguchi K, Masui A, Nakao K, Toyomoto M, Tamai K, Mikawa R, Hirai T, Murakami K, Hagiwara M, Gotoh S. Disease modeling of pulmonary fibrosis using human pluripotent stem cell-derived alveolar organoids. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2973-2987. [PMID: 34798066 PMCID: PMC8693665 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although alveolar epithelial cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, few practical in vitro models exist to study them. Here, we established a novel in vitro pulmonary fibrosis model using alveolar organoids consisting of human pluripotent stem cell-derived alveolar epithelial cells and primary human lung fibroblasts. In this human model, bleomycin treatment induced phenotypes such as epithelial cell-mediated fibroblast activation, cellular senescence, and presence of alveolar epithelial cells in abnormal differentiation states. Chemical screening performed to target these abnormalities showed that inhibition of ALK5 or blocking of integrin αVβ6 ameliorated the fibrogenic changes in the alveolar organoids. Furthermore, organoid contraction and extracellular matrix accumulation in the model recapitulated the pathological changes observed in pulmonary fibrosis. This human model may therefore accelerate the development of highly effective therapeutic agents for otherwise incurable pulmonary fibrosis by targeting alveolar epithelial cells and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Human pluripotent stem cell-based in vitro pulmonary fibrosis model was established Bleomycin-treated alveolar organoids showed epithelium-dependent contraction Abnormal differentiation state and cellular senescence in AT2 cells were mimicked Inhibition of TGFβ signaling ameliorated the fibrogenic changes of the disease model
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Suezawa
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kanagaki
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keita Moriguchi
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masui
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakao
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masayasu Toyomoto
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Tamai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuta Mikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Murakami
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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21
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Suezawa T, Kanagaki S, Korogi Y, Nakao K, Hirai T, Murakami K, Hagiwara M, Gotoh S. Modeling of lung phenotype of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type I using patient-specific iPSCs. Respir Res 2021; 22:284. [PMID: 34736469 PMCID: PMC8570015 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Somatic cells differentiated from patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could be a useful tool in human cell-based disease research. Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and a platelet dysfunction. HPS patients often suffer from lethal HPS associated interstitial pneumonia (HPSIP). Lung transplantation has been the only treatment for HPSIP. Lysosome-related organelles are impaired in HPS, thereby disrupting alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells with lamellar bodies. HPSIP lungs are characterized by enlarged lamellar bodies. Despite species differences between human and mouse in HPSIP, most studies have been conducted in mice since culturing human AT2 cells is difficult. Methods We generated patient-specific iPSCs from patient-derived fibroblasts with the most common bi-allelic variant, c.1472_1487dup16, in HPS1 for modeling severe phenotypes of HPSIP. We then corrected the variant of patient-specific iPSCs using CRISPR-based microhomology-mediated end joining to obtain isogenic controls. The iPSCs were then differentiated into lung epithelial cells using two different lung organoid models, lung bud organoids (LBOs) and alveolar organoids (AOs), and explored the phenotypes contributing to the pathogenesis of HPSIP using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Results The LBOs derived from patient-specific iPSCs successfully recapitulated the abnormalities in morphology and size. Proteomic analysis of AOs involving iPSC-derived AT2 cells and primary lung fibroblasts revealed mitochondrial dysfunction in HPS1 patient-specific alveolar epithelial cells. Further, giant lamellar bodies were recapitulated in patient-specific AT2 cells. Conclusions The HPS1 patient-specific iPSCs and their gene-corrected counterparts generated in this study could be a new research tool for understanding the pathogenesis of HPSIP caused by HPS1 deficiency in humans. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-021-01877-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Suezawa
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kanagaki
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yohei Korogi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakao
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Murakami
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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22
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Pires A, Nayak G, Zan E, Hagiwara M, Gonen O, Fatterpekar G. Differentiation of Jugular Foramen Paragangliomas versus Schwannomas Using Golden-Angle Radial Sparse Parallel Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1847-1852. [PMID: 34503944 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Accurate differentiation of paragangliomas and schwannomas in the jugular foramen has important clinical implications because treatment strategies may vary but differentiation is not always straightforward with conventional imaging. Our aim was to evaluate the accuracy of both qualitative and quantitative metrics derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging using golden-angle radial sparse parallel MR imaging to differentiate paragangliomas and schwannomas in the jugular foramen. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study of imaging data was performed on patients (n = 30) undergoing MR imaging for jugular foramen masses with the golden-angle radial sparse parallel MR imaging technique. Imaging data were postprocessed to obtain time-intensity curves and quantitative parameters. Data were normalized to the dural venous sinus for relevant parameters and analyzed for statistical significance using a Student t test. A univariate logistic model was created with a binary output, paraganglioma or schwannoma, using a wash-in rate as a variable. Additionally, lesions were clustered on the basis of the wash-in rate and washout rate using a 3-nearest neighbors method. RESULTS There were 22 paragangliomas and 8 schwannomas. All paragangliomas demonstrated a type 3 time-intensity curve, and all schwannomas demonstrated a type 1 time-intensity curve. There was a statistically significant difference between paragangliomas and schwannomas when comparing their values for area under the curve, peak enhancement, wash-in rate, and washout rate. A univariate logistic model with a binary output (paraganglioma or schwannoma) using wash-in rate as a variable was able to correctly predict all observed lesions (P < .001). All 30 lesions were classified correctly by using a 3-nearest neighbors method. CONCLUSIONS Paragangliomas at the jugular foramen can be reliably differentiated from schwannomas using golden-angle radial sparse parallel MR imaging-dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging when imaging characteristics cannot suffice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pires
- From the New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - G Nayak
- From the New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - E Zan
- From the New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - M Hagiwara
- From the New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - O Gonen
- From the New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - G Fatterpekar
- From the New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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23
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Zou H, Cui Y, Wang X, Zhang Z, Yang J, Xu G, Okutani A, Hagiwara M, Matsuda M, Wang G, Mussardo G, Hódsági K, Kormos M, He Z, Kimura S, Yu R, Yu W, Ma J, Wu J. E_{8} Spectra of Quasi-One-Dimensional Antiferromagnet BaCo_{2}V_{2}O_{8} under Transverse Field. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:077201. [PMID: 34459637 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.077201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report ^{51}V NMR and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements on a quasi-1D antiferromagnet BaCo_{2}V_{2}O_{8} under transverse field along the [010] direction. The scaling behavior of the spin-lattice relaxation rate above the Néel temperatures unveils a 1D quantum critical point (QCP) at H_{c}^{1D}≈4.7 T, which is masked by the 3D magnetic order. With the aid of accurate analytical analysis and numerical calculations, we show that the zone center INS spectrum at H_{c}^{1D} is precisely described by the pattern of the 1D quantum Ising model in a magnetic field, a class of universality described in terms of the exceptional E_{8} Lie algebra. These excitations are nondiffusive over a certain field range when the system is away from the 1D QCP. Our results provide an unambiguous experimental realization of the massive E_{8} phase in the compound, and open a new experimental route for exploring the dynamics of quantum integrable systems as well as physics beyond integrability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Zou
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - J Yang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - G Xu
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6102, USA
| | - A Okutani
- Center for Advanced High Magnetic Field Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - M Hagiwara
- Center for Advanced High Magnetic Field Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - M Matsuda
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - G Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Giuseppe Mussardo
- SISSA and INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - K Hódsági
- BME-MTA Statistical Field Theory Research Group, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Budafoki út 8, Hungary
| | - M Kormos
- MTA-BME Quantum Dynamics and Correlations Research Group, Department of Theoretical Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Budafoki út 8, Hungary
| | - Zhangzhen He
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - S Kimura
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Weiqiang Yu
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianda Wu
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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24
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Ajiro M, Awaya T, Kim YJ, Iida K, Denawa M, Tanaka N, Kurosawa R, Matsushima S, Shibata S, Sakamoto T, Studer R, Krainer AR, Hagiwara M. Therapeutic manipulation of IKBKAP mis-splicing with a small molecule to cure familial dysautonomia. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4507. [PMID: 34301951 PMCID: PMC8302731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately half of genetic disease-associated mutations cause aberrant splicing. However, a widely applicable therapeutic strategy to splicing diseases is yet to be developed. Here, we analyze the mechanism whereby IKBKAP-familial dysautonomia (FD) exon 20 inclusion is specifically promoted by a small molecule splice modulator, RECTAS, even though IKBKAP-FD exon 20 has a suboptimal 5' splice site due to the IVS20 + 6 T > C mutation. Knockdown experiments reveal that exon 20 inclusion is suppressed in the absence of serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 6 (SRSF6) binding to an intronic splicing enhancer in intron 20. We show that RECTAS directly interacts with CDC-like kinases (CLKs) and enhances SRSF6 phosphorylation. Consistently, exon 20 splicing is bidirectionally manipulated by targeting cellular CLK activity with RECTAS versus CLK inhibitors. The therapeutic potential of RECTAS is validated in multiple FD disease models. Our study indicates that small synthetic molecules affecting phosphorylation state of SRSFs is available as a new therapeutic modality for mechanism-oriented precision medicine of splicing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Ajiro
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomonari Awaya
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Kei Iida
- Medical Research Support Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Denawa
- Medical Research Support Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuo Tanaka
- Medical Research Support Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Kurosawa
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsushima
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saiko Shibata
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsunori Sakamoto
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rolenz Studer
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. .,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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25
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Ikeo S, Yamamoto Y, Ikeda K, Sone N, Korogi Y, Tomiyama L, Matsumoto H, Hirai T, Hagiwara M, Gotoh S. Core-shell hydrogel microfiber-expanded pluripotent stem cell-derived lung progenitors applicable to lung reconstruction in vivo. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121031. [PMID: 34304138 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung transplantation is the only treatment available for end-stage lung diseases; however, donor shortage is a global issue. The use of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) for organ regeneration is a promising approach. Nevertheless, methods for the expansion of isolated hPSC-derived lung progenitors (hLPs) for transplantation purposes have not yet been reported. Herein, we established an expansion system of hLPs based on their three-dimensional culture in core-shell hydrogel microfibers, that ensures the maintenance of their bipotency for differentiation into alveolar and airway epithelial cells including alveolar type II (AT2) cells. Further, we developed an efficient in vivo transplantation method using an endoscope-assisted transtracheal administration system; the successful engraftment and in vivo differentiation of hLPs into alveolar epithelial cells (incorporated into the alveoli) was observed. Importantly, expanded hLPs in the context of microfibers were successfully transplanted into the murine lungs, opening avenues for cell-based therapies of lung diseases. Therefore, our novel method has potential regenerative medicine applications; additionally, the high-quality hLPs and AT2 cells generated via the microfiber-based technology are valuable for drug discovery purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ikeo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; HiLung Inc., Kyoto, 606-8304, Japan
| | | | - Naoyuki Sone
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yohei Korogi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Lucia Tomiyama
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hisako Matsumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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26
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Sone N, Konishi S, Igura K, Tamai K, Ikeo S, Korogi Y, Kanagaki S, Namba T, Yamamoto Y, Xu Y, Takeuchi K, Adachi Y, Chen-Yoshikawa TF, Date H, Hagiwara M, Tsukita S, Hirai T, Torisawa YS, Gotoh S. Multicellular modeling of ciliopathy by combining iPS cells and microfluidic airway-on-a-chip technology. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/601/eabb1298. [PMID: 34233948 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance is an essential lung function that facilitates the removal of inhaled pathogens and foreign matter unidirectionally from the airway tract and is innately achieved by coordinated ciliary beating of multiciliated cells. Should ciliary function become disturbed, mucus can accumulate in the airway causing subsequent obstruction and potentially recurrent pneumonia. However, it has been difficult to recapitulate unidirectional mucociliary flow using human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro and the mechanism governing the flow has not yet been elucidated, hampering the proper humanized airway disease modeling. Here, we combine human iPSCs and airway-on-a-chip technology, to demonstrate the effectiveness of fluid shear stress (FSS) for regulating the global axis of multicellular planar cell polarity (PCP), as well as inducing ciliogenesis, thereby contributing to quantifiable unidirectional mucociliary flow. Furthermore, we applied the findings to disease modeling of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a genetic disease characterized by impaired mucociliary clearance. The application of an airway cell sheet derived from patient-derived iPSCs and their gene-edited counterparts, as well as genetic knockout iPSCs of PCD causative genes, made it possible to recapitulate the abnormal ciliary functions in organized PCP using the airway-on-a-chip. These findings suggest that the disease model of PCD developed here is a potential platform for making diagnoses and identifying therapeutic targets and that airway reconstruction therapy using mechanical stress to regulate PCP might have therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Sone
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Konishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Igura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Tamai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikeo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yohei Korogi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kanagaki
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshinori Namba
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yifei Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takeuchi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuichi Adachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Toyofumi F Chen-Yoshikawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Date
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Strategic Innovation and Research Center, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yu-Suke Torisawa
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.,Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. .,Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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27
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Maeda S, Shiimura Y, Asada H, Hirata K, Luo F, Nango E, Tanaka N, Toyomoto M, Inoue A, Aoki J, Iwata S, Hagiwara M. Endogenous agonist-bound S1PR3 structure reveals determinants of G protein-subtype bias. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/24/eabf5325. [PMID: 34108205 PMCID: PMC8189593 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf5325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) regulates numerous important physiological functions, including immune response and vascular integrity, via its cognate receptors (S1PR1 to S1PR5); however, it remains unclear how S1P activates S1PRs upon binding. Here, we determined the crystal structure of the active human S1PR3 in complex with its natural agonist S1P at 3.2-Å resolution. S1P exhibits an unbent conformation in the long tunnel, which penetrates through the receptor obliquely. Compared with the inactive S1PR1 structure, four residues surrounding the alkyl tail of S1P (the "quartet core") exhibit orchestrating rotamer changes that accommodate the moiety, thereby inducing an active conformation. In addition, we reveal that the quartet core determines G protein selectivity of S1PR3. These results offer insight into the structural basis of activation and biased signaling in G protein-coupled receptors and will help the design of biased ligands for optimized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Maeda
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiimura
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Asada
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kunio Hirata
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5165, Japan
| | - Fangjia Luo
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5165, Japan
| | - Eriko Nango
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5165, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Nobuo Tanaka
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masayasu Toyomoto
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - So Iwata
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5165, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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28
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Kanagaki S, Suezawa T, Moriguchi K, Nakao K, Toyomoto M, Yamamoto Y, Murakami K, Hagiwara M, Gotoh S. Hydroxypropyl Cyclodextrin Improves Amiodarone-induced Aberrant Lipid Homeostasis of Alveolar Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:504-514. [PMID: 33493427 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0119oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) cells secrete pulmonary surfactant via lamellar bodies (LBs). Abnormalities in LBs are associated with pulmonary disorders, including fibrosis. However, high-content screening (HCS) for LB abnormalities is limited by the lack of understanding of AT2 cell functions. In the present study, we have developed LB cells harboring LB-like organelles that secrete surfactant proteins. These cells were more similar to AT2 cells than to parental A549 cells. LB cells recapitulated amiodarone (AMD)-induced LB enlargement, similar to AT2 cells of patients exposed to AMD. To reverse AMD-induced LB abnormalities, we performed HCS of approved drugs and identified 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), a cyclic oligosaccharide, as a potential therapeutic agent. A transcriptome analysis revealed that HPβCD modulates lipid homeostasis. In addition, HPβCD inhibited AMD-induced LB abnormalities in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived AT2 cells. Our results demonstrate that LB cells are useful for HCS and suggest that HPβCD is a candidate therapeutic agent for AMD-induced interstitial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kanagaki
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases and.,Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suezawa
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases and.,Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keita Moriguchi
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases and.,Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakao
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masayasu Toyomoto
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases and.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; and
| | | | - Koji Murakami
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; and
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29
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Uzor S, Porazinski SR, Li L, Clark B, Ajiro M, Iida K, Hagiwara M, Alqasem AA, Perks CM, Wilson ID, Oltean S, Ladomery MR. CDC2-like (CLK) protein kinase inhibition as a novel targeted therapeutic strategy in prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7963. [PMID: 33846420 PMCID: PMC8041776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of alternative splicing is a feature of cancer, both in aetiology and progression. It occurs because of mutations in splice sites or sites that regulate splicing, or because of the altered expression and activity of splice factors and of splice factor kinases that regulate splice factor activity. Recently the CDC2-like kinases (CLKs) have attracted attention due to their increasing involvement in cancer. We measured the effect of the CLK inhibitor, the benzothiazole TG003, on two prostate cancer cell lines. TG003 reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in PC3 and DU145 cells. Conversely, the overexpression of CLK1 in PC3 cells prevented TG003 from reducing cell proliferation. TG003 slowed scratch closure and reduced cell migration and invasion in a transwell assay. TG003 decisively inhibited the growth of a PC3 cell line xenograft in nude mice. We performed a transcriptomic analysis of cells treated with TG003. We report widespread and consistent changes in alternative splicing of cancer-associated genes including CENPE, ESCO2, CKAP2, MELK, ASPH and CD164 in both HeLa and PC3 cells. Together these findings suggest that targeting CLKs will provide novel therapeutic opportunities in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Uzor
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 53, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Sean R Porazinski
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Bethany Clark
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Masahiko Ajiro
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kei Iida
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Abdullah A Alqasem
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Claire M Perks
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Ian D Wilson
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Sebastian Oltean
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
| | - Michael R Ladomery
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
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30
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Toyomoto M, Inoue A, Iida K, Denawa M, Kii I, Ngako Kadji FM, Kishi T, Im D, Shimamura T, Onogi H, Yoshida S, Iwata S, Aoki J, Hosoya T, Hagiwara M. S1PR3-G 12-biased agonist ALESIA targets cancer metabolism and promotes glucose starvation. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1132-1144.e9. [PMID: 33561428 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic activities are altered in cancer cells compared with those in normal cells, and the cancer-specific pathway becomes a potential therapeutic target. Higher cellular glucose consumption, which leads to lower glucose levels, is a hallmark of cancer cells. In an objective screening for chemicals that induce cell death under low-glucose conditions, we discovered a compound, denoted as ALESIA (Anticancer Ligand Enhancing Starvation-induced Apoptosis). By our shedding assay of transforming growth factor α in HEK293A cells, ALESIA was determined to act as a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3-G12-biased agonist that promotes nitric oxide production and oxidative stress. The oxidative stress triggered by ALESIA resulted in the exhaustion of glucose, cellular NADPH deficiency, and then cancer cell death. Intraperitoneal administration of ALESIA improved the survival of mice with peritoneally disseminated rhabdomyosarcoma, indicating its potential as a new type of anticancer drug for glucose starvation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayasu Toyomoto
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kei Iida
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Denawa
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Isao Kii
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Laboratory for Drug Target Research, Integrated Bioscience Division, Institute of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Francois Marie Ngako Kadji
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kishi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Dohyun Im
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Shimamura
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Onogi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; KinoPharma, Inc., Tokyo 103-0023, Japan
| | - Suguru Yoshida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - So Iwata
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan; Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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31
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Shibata S, Ajiro M, Hagiwara M. Mechanism-Based Personalized Medicine for Cystic Fibrosis by Suppressing Pseudo Exon Inclusion. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1472-1482.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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Kanagaki S, Ikeo S, Suezawa T, Yamamoto Y, Seki M, Hirai T, Hagiwara M, Suzuki Y, Gotoh S. Directed induction of alveolar type I cells derived from pluripotent stem cells via Wnt signaling inhibition. Stem Cells 2020; 39:156-169. [PMID: 33241896 PMCID: PMC7898721 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alveologenesis is a developmental step involving the expansion of the lung surface area which is essential for gas exchange. The gas exchange process is mediated by alveolar type I (AT1) cells, which are known to be differentiated from alveolar type II (AT2) or bipotent cells. Due to the difficulty of isolating and culturing primary AT1 cells, the mechanism underlying their differentiation is not completely understood. We performed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) of fibroblast‐dependent alveolar organoids (FD‐AOs), including human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived epithelial cells and fetal lung fibroblasts, and identified hiPSC‐derived AT1 (iAT1) cells. A comparison of the FD‐AOs and fibroblast‐free alveolar organoids showed that iAT1 cells were mainly present in the FD‐AOs. Importantly, the transcriptomes of iAT1 cells were remarkably similar to those of primary AT1 cells. Additionally, XAV‐939, a tankyrase inhibitor, increased iAT1 cells in passaged FD‐AOs, suggesting that these cells were differentiated from hiPSC‐derived AT2 (iAT2) cells through the inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling. Consequently, our scRNA‐seq data allowed us to define iAT1 cells and identify FD‐AOs as a useful model for investigating the mechanism underlying human AT1 cell differentiation from AT2 cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kanagaki
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikeo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suezawa
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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33
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Nakano-Kobayashi A, Fukumoto A, Morizane A, Nguyen DT, Le TM, Hashida K, Hosoya T, Takahashi R, Takahashi J, Hori O, Hagiwara M. Therapeutics potentiating microglial p21-Nrf2 axis can rescue neurodegeneration caused by neuroinflammation. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/46/eabc1428. [PMID: 33188020 PMCID: PMC7673758 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are caused by progressive neuronal loss, and there is no complete treatment available yet. Neuroinflammation is a common feature across neurodegenerative disorders and implicated in the progression of neurodegeneration. Dysregulated activation of microglia causes neuroinflammation and has been highlighted as a treatment target in therapeutic strategies. Here, we identified novel therapeutic candidate ALGERNON2 (altered generation of neurons 2) and demonstrate that ALGERNON2 suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines and rescued neurodegeneration in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease model. ALGERNON2 stabilized cyclinD1/p21 complex, leading to up-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which contributes to antioxidative and anti-inflammatory responses. Notably, ALGERNON2 enhanced neuronal survival in other neuroinflammatory conditions such as the transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons into murine brains. In conclusion, we present that the microglial potentiation of the p21-Nrf2 pathway can contribute to neuronal survival and provide novel therapeutic potential for neuroinflammation-triggered neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nakano-Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - A Fukumoto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Morizane
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - D T Nguyen
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - T M Le
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - K Hashida
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - T Hosoya
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - J Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - O Hori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - M Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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34
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Sekiguchi H, Ishida I, Suzuki M, Hagiwara M. Serum copeptin is a new biomarker of continuous-positive-airway-pressure treatment in severe obstructive sleep apnea. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Copeptin, the C-terminal fragment of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), is a biomarker which has been reported to be increased in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, thus playing a role in predicting their prognosis. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) have been demonstrated to have a high risk for developing these vascular diseases. However, there have been no authentic reports concerning the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on serum copeptin levels in OSA patients.
Purpose
We hypothesis that CPAP treatment substantially modifies copeptin levels in OSA patients.
Methods
A total of 60 OSA patients confirmed by polysomnographic examinations was divided into two groups: a mild-moderate OSA (apnea-hypopnea index: AHI <30/h) group and a severe OSA (AHI ≥30/h) group. Blood samples were collected early in the morning after overnight fasting, and serum copeptin and ADH levels were measured with an enzyme immunoassay method. In patients initiated with CPAP, hormone levels were measured before and after CPAP treatment.
Results
Twenty-one patients (age: 54.7±12.4 y, male: 17, NT-proBNP: 45.3±44.2 pg/mL) were diagnosed as having mild-moderate OSA (AHI: 16.5±8.4/h), while 39 patients (age: 57.8±11.4y, male: 29, NT-proBNP: 73.7±87.3 pg/mL) were diagnosed as severe OSA (AHI: 49.5±21.1/h). As a whole, there were no significant differences in copeptin and ADH levels between mild-moderate OSA and severe OSA groups (copeptin: 2.1±1.4 pmol/L vs. 1.9±1.4, ADH: 2.3±2.6 pg/dL vs. 2.0±0.7). In 26 severe OSA patients (age: 55.9±12.9y, male: 23, NT-proBNP: 63.3±85.2 pg/mL), these hormones were again evaluated after CPAP initiation. AHI was significantly improved after CPAP treatment (45.5±20.8/h vs. 5.0±5.0, P<0.01). Although the ADH level was changed from 1.85±0.77 pg/dL to 1.68±0.99, the difference did not reach the statistical significance. The copeptin level was certainly decreased after CPAP by 26% (2.29±2.63 pmol/L vs. 1.69±1.68, P<0.01) (Figure 1).
Conclusions
Serum copeptin levels decreased after CPAP treatment in patients with severe OSA. Copeptin, but not ADH, can be considered as a new biomarker for predicting cardio/cerebrovascular events in severe OSA patients.
Figure 1
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sekiguchi
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Department of Cardiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - I Ishida
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Department of Cardiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Suzuki
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Department of Cardiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Hagiwara
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Department of Cardiology, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Takeuchi A, Takahashi Y, Iida K, Hosokawa M, Irie K, Ito M, Brown JB, Ohno K, Nakashima K, Hagiwara M. Identification of Qk as a Glial Precursor Cell Marker that Governs the Fate Specification of Neural Stem Cells to a Glial Cell Lineage. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:883-897. [PMID: 32976762 PMCID: PMC7562946 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During brain development, neural stem cells (NSCs) initially produce neurons and change their fate to generate glias. While the regulation of neurogenesis is well characterized, specific markers for glial precursor cells (GPCs) and the master regulators for gliogenesis remain unidentified. Accumulating evidence suggests that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have significant roles in neuronal development and function, as they comprehensively regulate the expression of target genes in a cell-type-specific manner. We systematically investigated the expression profiles of 1,436 murine RBPs in the developing mouse brain and identified quaking (Qk) as a marker of the putative GPC population. Functional analysis of the NSC-specific Qk-null mutant mouse revealed the key role of Qk in astrocyte and oligodendrocyte generation and differentiation from NSCs. Mechanistically, Qk upregulates gliogenic genes via quaking response elements in their 3′ untranslated regions. These results provide crucial directions for identifying GPCs and deciphering the regulatory mechanisms of gliogenesis from NSCs. Differential expression analysis identified Qk as a glial precursor cell marker Loss of Qk ablated both astrocyte and OL production from neural stem cells Qk−/− NSCs failed to become glia and aberrantly expressed neural genes Qk comprehensively upregulates essential genes for gliogenesis as regulons via QREs
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihide Takeuchi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kei Iida
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Hosokawa
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Koichiro Irie
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mikako Ito
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - J B Brown
- Laboratory for Molecular Biosciences, Life Science Informatics Research Unit, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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36
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Kimura R, Lardenoije R, Tomiwa K, Funabiki Y, Nakata M, Suzuki S, Awaya T, Kato T, Okazaki S, Murai T, Heike T, Rutten BPF, Hagiwara M. Integrated DNA methylation analysis reveals a potential role for ANKRD30B in Williams syndrome. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1627-1636. [PMID: 32303053 PMCID: PMC7419304 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder, caused by a microdeletion at the 7q11.23 region. WS exhibits a wide spectrum of features including hypersociability, which contrasts with social deficits typically associated with autism spectrum disorders. The phenotypic variability in WS likely involves epigenetic modifications; however, the nature of these events remains unclear. To better understand the role of epigenetics in WS phenotypes, we integrated DNA methylation and gene expression profiles in blood from patients with WS and controls. From these studies, 380 differentially methylated positions (DMPs), located throughout the genome, were identified. Systems-level analysis revealed multiple co-methylation modules linked to intermediate phenotypes of WS, with the top-scoring module related to neurogenesis and development of the central nervous system. Notably, ANKRD30B, a promising hub gene, was significantly hypermethylated in blood and downregulated in brain tissue from individuals with WS. Most CpG sites of ANKRD30B in blood were significantly correlated with brain regions. Furthermore, analyses of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) yielded master regulator transcription factors associated with WS. Taken together, this systems-level approach highlights the role of epigenetics in WS, and provides a possible explanation for the complex phenotypes observed in patients with WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kimura
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Roy Lardenoije
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA USA
| | - Kiyotaka Tomiwa
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ,grid.416948.60000 0004 1764 9308Department of Child Neurology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan ,Todaiji Ryoiku Hospital for Children, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasuko Funabiki
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakata
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shiho Suzuki
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomonari Awaya
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeo Kato
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ,grid.413697.e0000 0004 0378 7558Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Shin Okazaki
- grid.416948.60000 0004 1764 9308Department of Child Neurology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshio Heike
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ,grid.413697.e0000 0004 0378 7558Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Bart P. F. Rutten
- grid.412966.e0000 0004 0480 1382Division of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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37
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Iida K, Hagiwara M, Takeuchi A. Multilateral Bioinformatics Analyses Reveal the Function-Oriented Target Specificities and Recognition of the RNA-Binding Protein SFPQ. iScience 2020; 23:101325. [PMID: 32659723 PMCID: PMC7358709 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) recognize consensus sequences and regulate specific target mRNAs. However, large-scale CLIP-seq revealed loose and broad binding of RBPs to larger proportion of expressed mRNAs: e.g. SFPQ binds to >10,000 pre-mRNAs but distinctly regulates <200 target genes during neuronal development. Identification of crucial binding for regulation and rules of target recognition is highly anticipated for systemic understanding of RBP regulations. For a breakthrough solution, we developed a bioinformatical method for CLIP-seq and transcriptome data by adopting iterative hypothesis testing. Essential binding was successfully identified in C-rich sequences close to the 5' splice sites of long introns, which further proposed target recognition mechanism via association between SFPQ and splicing factors during spliceosome assembly. The identified features of functional binding enabled us to predict regulons and also target genes in different species. This multilateral bioinformatics approach facilitates the elucidation of functionality, regulatory mechanism, and regulatory networks of RBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Iida
- Medical Research Support Center, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoecho Yoshida Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoecho Yoshida Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akihide Takeuchi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoecho Yoshida Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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38
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Suzuki S, Kimura R, Maegawa S, Nakata M, Hagiwara M. Different effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on the behavior and brain transcriptome of zebrafish. Mol Brain 2020; 13:70. [PMID: 32375837 PMCID: PMC7203832 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder found in children. It is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Methylphenidate (MPH) and atomoxetine (ATX) are commonly prescribed for the treatment of ADHD. In the present study, we examined the behavioral and brain transcriptome changes in MPH-treated and ATX-treated zebrafish. In behavioral analysis, zebrafish showed opposite response to each treatment. MPH-treated fish showed higher anxiety-like behavior while ATX-treated fish showed lower anxiety-like behavior. Further, we performed RNA sequencing analysis of zebrafish brain to elucidate the underlying biological pathways associated with MPH and ATX treatment. Interestingly, we found that shared differentially expressed genes in MPH-treated and ATX-treated fish were instrumental in cholesterol biosynthesis pathway and were regulated in opposite manner. Our findings highlight the contrast between MTH and ATX, and may suggest the alterations in clinical practice for these medications and drug development for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Kimura
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Shingo Maegawa
- Department of Intelligence Science and Technology, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakata
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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39
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Kimura R, Tomiwa K, Inoue R, Suzuki S, Nakata M, Awaya T, Kato T, Okazaki S, Heike T, Hagiwara M. Dysregulation of the oxytocin receptor gene in Williams syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 115:104631. [PMID: 32114409 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) is caused by a microdeletion of chromosome 7q11.23, and is characterized by various physical and cognitive symptoms. In particular, WS is characterized by hypersocial (overfriendly) behavior; WS has gained attention as aspects of the WS phenotype contrast with those of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) contributes to social phenotypes in relation to regulation of oxytocin (OXT) secretion. Additionally, mounting evidence has recently shown that DNA methylation of OXTR is associated with human social behavior. However, the role of OXTR in WS remains unclear. This study investigated the regulation of OXTR in WS. We examined the gene expression levels in blood from WS patients and controls, and then analyzed the methylation levels in two independent cohorts. We showed that OXTR was down-regulated and hypermethylated in WS patients compared to controls. Our findings may provide an insight into OXTR in mediating complex social phenotypes in WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kimura
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Kiyotaka Tomiwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Child Neurology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka 534-0021 Japan; Todaiji Ryoiku Hospital for Children, Nara 630-8211, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Shiho Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakata
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomonari Awaya
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takeo Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki 660-8550, Japan
| | - Shin Okazaki
- Department of Child Neurology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka 534-0021 Japan
| | - Toshio Heike
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki 660-8550, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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40
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Kawashima M, Tokiwa M, Nishimura T, Kawata Y, Sugimoto M, Kataoka TR, Sakurai T, Iwaisako K, Suzuki E, Hagiwara M, Harris AL, Toi M. High-resolution imaging mass spectrometry combined with transcriptomic analysis identified a link between fatty acid composition of phosphatidylinositols and the immune checkpoint pathway at the primary tumour site of breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:245-257. [PMID: 31819188 PMCID: PMC7051979 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fatty acid (FA) composition of phosphatidylinositols (PIs) is tightly regulated in mammalian tissue since its disruption impairs normal cellular functions. We previously found its significant alteration in breast cancer by using matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionisation imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS). METHODS We visualised the histological distribution of PIs containing different FAs in 65 primary breast cancer tissues using MALDI-IMS and investigated its association with clinicopathological features and gene expression profiles. RESULTS Normal ductal cells (n = 7) predominantly accumulated a PI containing polyunsaturated FA (PI-PUFA), PI(18:0/20:4). PI(18:0/20:4) was replaced by PIs containing monounsaturated FA (PIs-MUFA) in all non-invasive cancer cells (n = 12). While 54% of invasive cancer cells (n = 27) also accumulated PIs-MUFA, 46% of invasive cancer cells (n = 23) accumulated the PIs-PUFA, PI(18:0/20:3) and PI(18:0/20:4). The accumulation of PI(18:0/20:3) was associated with higher incidence of lymph node metastasis and activation of the PD-1-related immune checkpoint pathway. Fatty acid-binding protein 7 was identified as a putative molecule controlling PI composition. CONCLUSIONS MALDI-IMS identified PI composition associated with invasion and nodal metastasis of breast cancer. The accumulation of PI(18:0/20:3) could affect the PD-1-related immune checkpoint pathway, although its precise mechanism should be further validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kawashima
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606 8507, Japan.
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Wheaterall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Mariko Tokiwa
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606 8507, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nishimura
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606 8507, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kawata
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606 8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Health Promotion and Preemptive Medicine, Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies, Tokyo Medical University, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Tatsuki R Kataoka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takaki Sakurai
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwaisako
- Department of Target Therapy Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Eiji Suzuki
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606 8507, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Wheaterall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606 8507, Japan
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41
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Shigeta K, Kikuchi E, Abe T, Hagiwara M, Ogihara K, Tanaka N, Takeda T, Matsumoto K, Mizuno R, Oya M. A novel risk-based approach simulating oncologic surveillance according to smoking status after radical nephroureterectomy with upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz425.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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42
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Nakata M, Kimura R, Funabiki Y, Awaya T, Murai T, Hagiwara M. MicroRNA profiling in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Mol Brain 2019; 12:82. [PMID: 31639010 PMCID: PMC6802322 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. Owing to the difficulty of clinical diagnosis, ASD without intellectual disability (i.e., high-functioning ASD) is often overlooked. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently recognized as potential biomarkers of ASD as they are dysregulated in various tissues of individuals with ASD. However, it remains unclear whether miRNA expression is altered in individuals with high-functioning ASD. Here, we investigated the miRNA expression profile in peripheral blood from adults with high-functioning ASD, and age and gender-matched healthy controls. We identified miR-6126 as being robustly down-regulated in ASD and correlated with the severity of social deficits. Enrichment analysis of predicted target genes revealed potential association with neurons, synapses, and oxytocin signaling pathways. Our findings may provide insights regarding the molecular clues for recognizing high-functioning ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Nakata
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Kimura
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasuko Funabiki
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomonari Awaya
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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43
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Tanaka Y, Okano T, Kudo Y, Takeuchi S, Makino Y, Shimada Y, Maehara S, Hagiwara M, Kakihana M, Kajiwara N, Ohira T, Ikeda N. EP1.04-26 Efficacy and Safety of Anti-PD-1 Inhibitors in Elderly Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.2151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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44
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Takeuchi A, Iida K, Tsubota T, Hosokawa M, Denawa M, Brown JB, Ninomiya K, Ito M, Kimura H, Abe T, Kiyonari H, Ohno K, Hagiwara M. Loss of Sfpq Causes Long-Gene Transcriptopathy in the Brain. Cell Rep 2019; 23:1326-1341. [PMID: 29719248 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes specifically expressed in neurons contain members with extended long introns. Longer genes present a problem with respect to fulfilment of gene length transcription, and evidence suggests that dysregulation of long genes is a mechanism underlying neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Here, we report the discovery that RNA-binding protein Sfpq is a critical factor for maintaining transcriptional elongation of long genes. We demonstrate that Sfpq co-transcriptionally binds to long introns and is required for sustaining long-gene transcription by RNA polymerase II through mediating the interaction of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 with the elongation complex. Phenotypically, Sfpq disruption caused neuronal apoptosis in developing mouse brains. Expression analysis of Sfpq-regulated genes revealed specific downregulation of developmentally essential neuronal genes longer than 100 kb in Sfpq-disrupted brains; those genes are enriched in associations with neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. The identified molecular machinery yields directions for targeted investigations of the association between long-gene transcriptopathy and neuronal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihide Takeuchi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Kei Iida
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tsubota
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Hosokawa
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Denawa
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - J B Brown
- Laboratory for Molecular Biosciences, Life Science Informatics Research Unit, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ninomiya
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mikako Ito
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Animal Resource Development Unit, R IKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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45
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Kimura R, Nakata M, Funabiki Y, Suzuki S, Awaya T, Murai T, Hagiwara M. An epigenetic biomarker for adult high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13662. [PMID: 31541176 PMCID: PMC6754433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms play a role in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To date, several studies have attempted to identify epigenetic biomarkers for ASD. However, reliable markers remain to be established and most of these studies have focused on pediatric patients with ASD. In this study, we sought to find an epigenetic DNA methylation biomarker from peripheral blood for adult patients with high-functioning ASD. DNA methylation profiles were analyzed using the Illumina 450 K methylation array. To identify robust candidate markers, we employed two types of machine-learning algorithms for marker selection. We identified a potential marker (cg20793532) for which is the AUC value was 0.79. Notably, cg20793532 was annotated to the PPP2R2C gene, which was hypermethylated and down-regulated in blood from ASD patients compared to that in the controls. Although requiring careful interpretation, this pilot study seems to provide a potential blood biomarker for identifying individuals with high-functioning ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kimura
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Masatoshi Nakata
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuko Funabiki
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shiho Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomonari Awaya
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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46
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Gomez J, Nudell Y, Hagiwara M, Glickman R. Simultaneous Audio Recording and Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the TMJ: A Feasability Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2019.06.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Nomura T, Sumi E, Egawa G, Nakajima S, Toichi E, Uozumi R, Tada H, Nakagawa T, Hagiwara M, Kabashima K. The efficacy of a cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, FIT039, on verruca vulgaris: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:489. [PMID: 31399147 PMCID: PMC6688352 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papilloma viruses (HPVs) infect squamous epithelial cells and form verrucous lesions, or warts. Besides the psychosocial problems caused by the disfiguring warts, a subset of HPVs can be the primary etiologic agent for malignancies such as cervical cancer. However, there is no curative antiviral therapy for HPV infection. We recently found that the viral RNA transcription of DNA viruses requires cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) in the host cells, and that FIT039, a specific inhibitor of CDK9, suppressed the proliferation of DNA viruses such as herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, human adenovirus, human cytomegalovirus, hepatitis virus B, and HPVs. Here, we describe a protocol to evaluate the safety and antiviral effect of FIT039 on common warts in human skin. METHODS AND DESIGN A multi-institutional, single-blind, placebo-controlled randomized phase I/II clinical trial was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of FIT039 on common warts on the extremities. A total of 44 adults with a primary diagnosis of verruca vulgaris on the extremities without serious comorbidities will be randomized into either the intervention group with an FIT039-releasing transdermal patch or a control group for a duration of 14 days. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and postintervention. Participants will be further assessed at 2 months follow-up. The primary endpoint for efficacy is the resolution of the warts. The safety endpoint is the incidence of adverse events and adverse drug reactions. The secondary endpoints are changes in the dimensions of the wart, the cross-sectional area of the wart, and the number of clots within the area of the wart. DISCUSSION This study is the first to assess the efficacy of FIT039 and will contribute to the development of antiviral agents that can cure refractory common warts in immunocompromised patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN Clinical Trials, UMIN000029695 . Registered on 1 November 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Eriko Sumi
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Gyohei Egawa
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Saeko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Eiko Toichi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, 1-1 Fukakusa-Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8555 Japan
| | - Ryuji Uozumi
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Harue Tada
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
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48
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Yoshitomi H, Kowatari M, Hagiwara M, Nagaguro S, Nakamura H. QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF EXPOSURE INHOMOGENEITY IN TERMS OF EYE LENS AND EXTREMITY MONITORING FOR RADIATION WORKERS IN THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2019; 184:179-188. [PMID: 30476336 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To manage the equivalent doses for radiation workers, exposure inhomogeneity is an important factor in the decision-making process related to protection measures and additional monitoring. Our previous study proposed the methodology to evaluate the inhomogeneity of exposure quantitatively. In this study, we applied proposed method to five different types of actual exposure situations encountered in the nuclear industry. Two of them were conventionally characterized as homogeneous exposure, and the other three were conventionally characterized as inhomogeneous exposure. The evaluation of homogeneity exposure was conducted using Monte Carlo calculations with two simplified models, which were then verified with phantom experiments. Consequently, all of the evaluations reproduced the experimental results, implying that our proposed method would be applicable for actual work conditions in the nuclear industry. Furthermore, the two presumed homogeneous exposure situations were found to be rather inhomogeneous because of the contribution of positrons and the limited source region. The results also show that the worker's posture has an impact on the inhomogeneity rather than the energy of incident radiation in nuclear works. The investigation also implies that obtaining the information on the most probable posture of the exposed worker, as well as the existence of the weekly penetrating radiation such as β± ray as a main source of exposure would be the key for more precise estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yoshitomi
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4, Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - M Kowatari
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4, Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - M Hagiwara
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1, Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- J-PARC Center, 2-4, Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - S Nagaguro
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1, Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- J-PARC Center, 2-4, Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - H Nakamura
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1, Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- J-PARC Center, 2-4, Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan
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49
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Korogi Y, Gotoh S, Ikeo S, Yamamoto Y, Sone N, Tamai K, Konishi S, Nagasaki T, Matsumoto H, Ito I, Chen-Yoshikawa TF, Date H, Hagiwara M, Asaka I, Hotta A, Mishima M, Hirai T. In Vitro Disease Modeling of Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome Type 2 Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Alveolar Organoids. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:235. [PMID: 31291590 PMCID: PMC6627001 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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50
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Mogen JL, Block KT, Bansal NK, Patrie JT, Mukherjee S, Zan E, Hagiwara M, Fatterpekar GM, Patel SH. Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI to Differentiate Parotid Neoplasms Using Golden-Angle Radial Sparse Parallel Imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1029-1036. [PMID: 31048300 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Conventional imaging frequently shows overlapping features between benign and malignant parotid neoplasms. We investigated dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging using golden-angle radial sparse parallel imaging in differentiating parotid neoplasms. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this retrospective study, 41 consecutive parotid neoplasms were imaged with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging with golden-angle radial sparse parallel imaging using 1-mm in-plane resolution. The temporal resolution was 3.4 seconds for 78.2 seconds and 8.8 seconds for the remaining acquisition. Three readers retrospectively and independently created and classified time-intensity curves as follows: 1) continuous wash-in; 2) rapid wash-in, subsequent plateau; and 3) rapid wash-in with washout. Additionally, time-intensity curve-derived semiquantitative metrics normalized to the ipsilateral common carotid artery were recorded. Diagnostic performance for the prediction of neoplasm type and malignancy was assessed. Subset multivariate analysis (n = 32) combined semiquantitative time-intensity curve metrics with ADC values. RESULTS Independent time-intensity curve classification of the 41 neoplasms produced moderate-to-substantial interreader agreement (κ = 0.50-0.79). The time-intensity curve classification threshold of ≥2 predicted malignancy with a positive predictive value of 56.0%-66.7%, and a negative predictive value of 92.0%-100%. The time-intensity curve classification threshold of <2 predicted pleomorphic adenoma with a positive predictive value of 87.0%-95.0% and a negative predictive value of 76.0%-95.0%. For all readers, type 2 and 3 curves were associated with malignant neoplasms (P < .001), and type 1 curves, with pleomorphic adenomas (P < .001). Semiquantitative analysis for malignancy prediction yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.73-0.99). Combining time-to-maximum and ADC predicts pleomorphic adenoma better than either metric alone (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Golden-angle radial sparse parallel MR imaging allows high spatial and temporal resolution permeability characterization of parotid neoplasms, with a high negative predictive value for malignancy prediction. Combining time-to-maximum and ADC improves pleomorphic adenoma prediction compared with either metric alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Mogen
- From the Department of Radiology (J.L.M.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - K T Block
- Department of Radiology (K.T.B., N.K.B., E.Z., M.H., G.M.F.), New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - N K Bansal
- Department of Radiology (K.T.B., N.K.B., E.Z., M.H., G.M.F.), New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - J T Patrie
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (J.T.P.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - S Mukherjee
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging (S.M., S.H.P.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - E Zan
- From the Department of Radiology (J.L.M.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M Hagiwara
- Department of Radiology (K.T.B., N.K.B., E.Z., M.H., G.M.F.), New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - G M Fatterpekar
- Department of Radiology (K.T.B., N.K.B., E.Z., M.H., G.M.F.), New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - S H Patel
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging (S.M., S.H.P.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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