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Wu C, Xu Q, Li J, Qin C, Tulafu H, Liu W, Lu Q, Zheng W, Fu X. Regulation of cashmere fineness traits by noncoding RNA in Jiangnan cashmere goats. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:604. [PMID: 37821834 PMCID: PMC10566132 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09531-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cashmere has long been used as the raw material for wool textiles. The diameter of the cashmere fibre determines its quality and economic value. However, the regulatory role of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cashmere fineness remains unclear, especially regarding the interaction between ncRNAs and coding RNAs. RESULTS Transcriptome sequencing was used to identify the expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in the skin tissues of Jiangnan cashmere goats with different cashmere fineness levels. Integration analysis of ncRNA and coding RNA was performed in combination with previous research results. The results showed that 16,437 lncRNAs, 2234 circRNAs, and 1322 miRNAs were identified in 8 skin samples of cashmere goats. A total of 403 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, 62 DE circRNAs and 30 DE miRNAs were identified in the skin tissues of the fine groups (Fe) and coarse groups (Ce). We predicted the target gene of DE lncRNA, the target gene of DE miRNA and the host gene of DE circRNA. Based on functional annotation and enrichment analysis of target genes, we found that DE lncRNAs could be involved in regulating the fineness traits of cashmere. The most potential lncRNAs were MSTRG.42054.1, MSTRG.18602.3, and MSTRG.2199.13. CONCLUSIONS The data from this study enriched the cashmere goat noncoding RNA database and helped to supplement the annotation of the goat genome. The results provided a new direction for the breeding of cashmere characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiling Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Medicine, Xinjiang Military General Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Jianying Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Medicine, Xinjiang Military General Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Chongkai Qin
- Aksu Prefecture Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center, Aksu, China
| | - Hanikezi Tulafu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-sheep & Cashmere-goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenna Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-sheep & Cashmere-goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qingwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-sheep & Cashmere-goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Breeding sheep and wool Cashmere Quality Safety Supervision and Inspection Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry Quality Standard, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Xuefeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-sheep & Cashmere-goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China.
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Abstract
SUMMARY The advent of pluripotent stem cells following the discovery of Shinya Yamanaka (2012 Nobel prize in Medicine) brought about a regenerative medicine approach to virtually every human condition including hair loss. It is now possible to reprogram somatic cells (eg, blood or skin cells) from a person experiencing hair loss to generate autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which could be amplified and cryopreserved. Subsequently, these iPSCs could be differentiated into various cell types such as dermal papilla cells, epithelial cells, melanocytes, and other cell types constituting functional hair follicle. Transplantation of human iPSC-derived folliculogenic cells into the nude mice has successfully generated xenografts with hair outgrowth. Because iPSCs provide a virtually unlimited source of folliculogenic cells for de novo formation of hair follicles, this approach has major advantages over current surgical hair restoration procedures, which merely redistribute existing hair follicles from one part of the sculp to another. Combined with robotics and automation of the transplantation process, this novel regenerative medicine approach is well poised to make hair restoration a routine procedure affordable for everybody who can benefit from it.
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3
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Bhandary DJ, Girisha BS, Mahadevappa BN. Clinicodermoscopic Pattern of Beard Alopecia Areata: A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian Dermatol Online J 2021; 12:631-633. [PMID: 34430481 PMCID: PMC8354412 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_106_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Delanthimar Joshika Bhandary
- Department of Dermo-Cosmetology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai Department of Dermatology, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Banavasi Shanmukha Girisha
- Department of Dermo-Cosmetology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai Department of Dermatology, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Basanna Nagargund Mahadevappa
- Department of Dermo-Cosmetology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai Department of Dermatology, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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4
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Hair Growth Stimulation Effect of Centipeda minima Extract: Identification of Active Compounds and Anagen-Activating Signaling Pathways. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070976. [PMID: 34356600 PMCID: PMC8301965 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Centipeda minima (L.) A. Braun & Asch is a well-studied plant in Chinese medicine that is used for the treatment of several diseases. A recent study has revealed the effects of extract of Cetipeda minima (CMX) standardized by brevilin A in inducing hair growth. However, the mechanism of action of CMX in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) has not yet been identified. We aimed to investigate the molecular basis underlying the effect of CMX on hair growth in HFDPCs. CMX induced the proliferation of HFDPCs, and the transcript-level expression of Wnt family member 5a (Wnt5a), frizzled receptor (FZDR), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was upregulated. These results correlated with an increase in the expression of growth-related factors, such as VEGF and IGF-1. Immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry further revealed that the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK was enhanced by CMX in HFDPCs, and β-catenin accumulated significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, CMX substantially induced the expression of Wnt signaling-related proteins, such as GSK phosphorylation and β-catenin. This study supports the hypothesis that CMX promotes hair growth and secretion of growth factors via the Wnt/β-catenin, ERK, and JNK signaling pathways. In addition, computational predictions of drug-likeness, together with ADME property predictions, revealed the satisfactory bioavailability score of CMX compounds, exhibiting high gastrointestinal absorption. We suggest that CMX could be used as a promising treatment for hair regeneration and minimization of hair loss.
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Kim J, Kim SR, Choi YH, Shin JY, Kim CD, Kang NG, Park BC, Lee S. Quercitrin Stimulates Hair Growth with Enhanced Expression of Growth Factors via Activation of MAPK/CREB Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25174004. [PMID: 32887384 PMCID: PMC7504764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25174004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of quercitrin, a major constituent of Hottuynia cordata extract, for its hair growth stimulating activities in cultured human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs). Quercitrin enhanced the cell viability and cellular energy metabolism in cultured hDPCs by stimulating the production of NAD(P)H and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ). The expression of Bcl2, an essential marker for anagen hair follicle and cell survival, was increased by quercitrin treatment. Quercitrin also increased the cell proliferation marker Ki67. The expression of growth factors—such as bFGF, KGF, PDGF-AA, and VEGF—were increased by quercitrin both in mRNA and protein levels. In addition, quercitrin was found to increase the phosphorylation of Akt, Erk, and CREB in cultured hDPCs, while inhibitors of MAPKs reversed the effects of quercitrin. Finally, quercitrin stimulated hair shaft growth in cultured human hair follicles. Our data obtained from present study are in line with those previously reported and demonstrate that quercitrin is (one of) the active compound(s) of Hottuynia cordata extract which showed hair growth promoting effects. It is strongly suggested that the hair growth stimulating activity of quercitrin was exerted by enhancing the cellular energy metabolism, increasing the production of growth factors via activation of MAPK/CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoon Kim
- LG Household & Health Care (LG H&H) R&D Center, 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07795, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.-H.C.); (J.y.S.); (N.-G.K.)
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266, Munwha-ro, Jung-gu, Deajeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Soon Re Kim
- Basic and clinical Hair institute, Dankook University, 201, Manghyang-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31116, Korea; (S.R.K.); (B.C.P.)
| | - Yun-Ho Choi
- LG Household & Health Care (LG H&H) R&D Center, 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07795, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.-H.C.); (J.y.S.); (N.-G.K.)
| | - Jae young Shin
- LG Household & Health Care (LG H&H) R&D Center, 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07795, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.-H.C.); (J.y.S.); (N.-G.K.)
| | - Chang Deok Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266, Munwha-ro, Jung-gu, Deajeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Nae-Gyu Kang
- LG Household & Health Care (LG H&H) R&D Center, 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07795, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.-H.C.); (J.y.S.); (N.-G.K.)
| | - Byung Cheol Park
- Basic and clinical Hair institute, Dankook University, 201, Manghyang-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31116, Korea; (S.R.K.); (B.C.P.)
- Department of Dermatology, Dankook University Hospital, 201, Manghyang-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31116, Korea
| | - Sanghwa Lee
- LG Household & Health Care (LG H&H) R&D Center, 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07795, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.-H.C.); (J.y.S.); (N.-G.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-6980-1210
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6
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Gleeson BT. Masculinity and the Mechanisms of Human Self-Domestication. ADAPTIVE HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40750-019-00126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Kim J, Shin JY, Choi YH, Jang M, Nam YJ, Lee SY, Jeon J, Jin MH, Lee S. Hair Growth Promoting Effect of Hottuynia cordata Extract in Cultured Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 42:1665-1673. [PMID: 31582654 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Houttuynia cordata (HC) is a traditional oriental herbal medicinal plant widely used as a component of complex prescriptions in Asia for alopecia treatment. The effect of HC on hair growth and its underlying mechanism, however, have not been demonstrated or clarified. In this study, we investigated the hair growth promoting effect of HC in cultured human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs). HC extract was found to stimulate the proliferation of hDPCs and this stimulation might be in part a consequence of activated cellular energy metabolism, because treatment of HC extract increased the generation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and ATP through increasing the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ). In the context of cell cycle, HC extract increased the expression of CDK4 and decreased the expression of CCNA2 and CCNB1, implying that HC extract might induce G1 phase progression of DPCs which resulted in enhanced proliferation. HC extract increased the expression of Bcl2 essential for maintaining hair follicle anagen stage and cell survival. On the contrary, the expression of p16 and p21 was down-regulated by HC extract. In addition, HC extract enhanced the secretion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-aa and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and AKT. Furthermore, HC extract prolonged anagen stage in organ cultured human hair follicles. Our data strongly suggest that HC extract could support hair growth by stimulating proliferation of DPCs and elongating anagen stage, resulted from enhanced cellular energy metabolism and modulation of gene expression related to cell cycle, apoptosis, and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoon Kim
- Research Park, LG Household & Healthcare Ltd
| | | | - Yun-Ho Choi
- Research Park, LG Household & Healthcare Ltd
| | - Mi Jang
- Research Park, LG Household & Healthcare Ltd
| | | | | | | | - Mu Hyun Jin
- Research Park, LG Household & Healthcare Ltd
| | - Sanghwa Lee
- Research Park, LG Household & Healthcare Ltd
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8
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Effects of specific pathogen-free porcine platelet-rich plasma activated by the novel activator ectoine on cell proliferation and biological function. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Zhao B, Chen Y, Yang N, Chen Q, Bao Z, Liu M, Hu S, Li J, Wu X. miR‐218‐5p regulates skin and hair follicle development through Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway by targeting SFRP2. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20329-20341. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bohao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri‐Product Safety Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Naisu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Qiuran Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Zhiyuan Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Ming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Shuaishuai Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Jiali Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Xinsheng Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri‐Product Safety Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
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10
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Pantelireis N, Higgins CA. A bald statement - Current approaches to manipulate miniaturisation focus only on promoting hair growth. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:959-965. [PMID: 29787625 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hair plays a large part in communication and society with its role changing through time and across cultures. Most people do not leave the house before combing their hair or shaving their beard and for many hair loss or irregular hair growth can have a significant impact on their psychological health. Somewhat unsurprisingly, according to GMR Data, today's global hair care industry is worth an estimated $87 Billion, with hair loss estimated at $2.8 Billion. Considering that no current hair loss-related products can completely reverse hair loss, it is reasonable to believe this market could expand significantly with the discovery of a comprehensive therapy. As such, a great deal of research focuses on overcoming hair loss, and in particular, a common form of hair loss known as androgenetic alopecia (AGA) or male pattern baldness. In AGA, hair follicles miniaturise in a large step change from a terminal to a vellus state. Within this viewpoint article, we discuss how influx and efflux of cells into and out from the dermal papilla (DP) can modulate DP size during the hair cycle. As DP size is positively correlated with the size of the hair fibre produced by a follicle, we argue here that therapies for treating AGA should be developed which can alter DP size, rather than just promote hair growth. We also discuss current therapeutics for AGA and emphasise the importance of using the right model systems to analyse miniaturisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire A Higgins
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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11
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English RS. A hypothetical pathogenesis model for androgenic alopecia: clarifying the dihydrotestosterone paradox and rate-limiting recovery factors. Med Hypotheses 2017; 111:73-81. [PMID: 29407002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Androgenic alopecia, also known as pattern hair loss, is a chronic progressive condition that affects 80% of men and 50% of women throughout a lifetime. But despite its prevalence and extensive study, a coherent pathology model describing androgenic alopecia's precursors, biological step-processes, and physiological responses does not yet exist. While consensus is that androgenic alopecia is genetic and androgen-mediated by dihydrotestosterone, questions remain regarding dihydrotestosterone's exact role in androgenic alopecia onset. What causes dihydrotestosterone to increase in androgenic alopecia-prone tissues? By which mechanisms does dihydrotestosterone miniaturize androgenic alopecia-prone hair follicles? Why is dihydrotestosterone also associated with hair growth in secondary body and facial hair? Why does castration (which decreases androgen production by 95%) stop pattern hair loss, but not fully reverse it? Is there a relationship between dihydrotestosterone and tissue remodeling observed alongside androgenic alopecia onset? We review evidence supporting and challenging dihydrotestosterone's causal relationship with androgenic alopecia, then propose an evidence-based pathogenesis model that attempts to answer the above questions, account for additionally-suspected androgenic alopecia mediators, identify rate-limiting recovery factors, and elucidate better treatment targets. The hypothesis argues that: (1) chronic scalp tension transmitted from the galea aponeurotica induces an inflammatory response in androgenic alopecia-prone tissues; (2) dihydrotestosterone increases in androgenic alopecia-prone tissues as part of this inflammatory response; and (3) dihydrotestosterone does not directly miniaturize hair follicles. Rather, dihydrotestosterone is a co-mediator of tissue dermal sheath thickening, perifollicular fibrosis, and calcification - three chronic, progressive conditions concomitant with androgenic alopecia progression. These conditions remodel androgenic alopecia-prone tissues - restricting follicle growth space, oxygen, and nutrient supply - leading to the slow, persistent hair follicle miniaturization characterized in androgenic alopecia. If true, this hypothetical model explains the mechanisms by which dihydrotestosterone miniaturizes androgenic alopecia-prone hair follicles, describes a rationale for androgenic alopecia progression and patterning, makes sense of dihydrotestosterone's paradoxical role in hair loss and hair growth, and identifies targets to further improve androgenic alopecia recovery rates: fibrosis, calcification, and chronic scalp tension.
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12
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Michel L, Reygagne P, Benech P, Jean-Louis F, Scalvino S, Ly Ka So S, Hamidou Z, Bianovici S, Pouch J, Ducos B, Bonnet M, Bensussan A, Patatian A, Lati E, Wdzieczak-Bakala J, Choulot JC, Loing E, Hocquaux M. Study of gene expression alteration in male androgenetic alopecia: evidence of predominant molecular signalling pathways. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:1322-1336. [PMID: 28403520 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of hair loss in men. It is characterized by a distinct pattern of progressive hair loss starting from the frontal area and the vertex of the scalp. Although several genetic risk loci have been identified, relevant genes for AGA remain to be defined. OBJECTIVES To identify biomarkers associated with AGA. METHODS Molecular biomarkers associated with premature AGA were identified through gene expression analysis using cDNA generated from scalp vertex biopsies of hairless or bald men with premature AGA, and healthy volunteers. RESULTS This monocentric study reveals that genes encoding mast cell granule enzymes, inflammatory mediators and immunoglobulin-associated immune mediators were significantly overexpressed in AGA. In contrast, underexpressed genes appear to be associated with the Wnt/β-catenin and bone morphogenic protein/transforming growth factor-β signalling pathways. Although involvement of these pathways in hair follicle regeneration is well described, functional interpretation of the transcriptomic data highlights different events that account for their inhibition. In particular, one of these events depends on the dysregulated expression of proopiomelanocortin, as confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. In addition, lower expression of CYP27B1 in patients with AGA supports the notion that changes in vitamin D metabolism contributes to hair loss. CONCLUSIONS This study provides compelling evidence for distinct molecular events contributing to alopecia that may pave the way for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Michel
- Inserm UMR976, Skin Research Institute, F-75475, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75475, Paris, France
| | - P Reygagne
- Centre Sabouraud, F-75475, Paris, France
| | - P Benech
- NICN UMR 7259 CNRS Faculté de Médecine, 13344, Marseille, France.,GENEX, 91160, Longjumeau, France
| | - F Jean-Louis
- Inserm UMR976, Skin Research Institute, F-75475, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75475, Paris, France
| | - S Scalvino
- Laboratoire BIO-EC, 91160, Longjumeau, France
| | - S Ly Ka So
- Inserm UMR976, Skin Research Institute, F-75475, Paris, France
| | - Z Hamidou
- Centre Sabouraud, F-75475, Paris, France
| | | | - J Pouch
- Plateforme de qPCR à Haut Débit Genomic Paris Centre, IBENS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - B Ducos
- Plateforme de qPCR à Haut Débit Genomic Paris Centre, IBENS, 75005, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - M Bonnet
- Inserm UMR976, Skin Research Institute, F-75475, Paris, France
| | - A Bensussan
- Inserm UMR976, Skin Research Institute, F-75475, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75475, Paris, France
| | | | - E Lati
- GENEX, 91160, Longjumeau, France.,Laboratoire BIO-EC, 91160, Longjumeau, France
| | | | | | - E Loing
- IEB-Lucas Meyer Cosmetics, 31520, Ramonville, France
| | - M Hocquaux
- IEB-Lucas Meyer Cosmetics, 31520, Ramonville, France
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13
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Chen L, Miteva M. SnapshotDx Quiz: August 2016. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:e83. [PMID: 30477662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mariya Miteva
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
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14
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Kim M, Han JH, Kim JH, Park TJ, Kang HY. Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 2 (sFRP2) Functions as a Melanogenic Stimulator; the Role of sFRP2 in UV-Induced Hyperpigmentary Disorders. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:236-44. [PMID: 26763443 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we found that secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2) is overexpressed in the hyperpigmentary skin of melasma and solar lentigo and in acutely UV-irradiated skin. To investigate the effect of sFRP2 on melanogenesis, normal human melanocytes were infected with sFRP2-lentivirus or sh-sFRP2. It was found that sFRP2 stimulates melanogenesis through microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and/or tyrosinase upregulation via β-catenin signaling. The stimulatory action of sFRP2 in pigmentation was further confirmed in melanocytes cocultured with fibroblasts and in ex vivo cultured skin. The findings suggest that sFRP2 functions as a melanogenic stimulator and that it plays a role in the development of UV-induced hyperpigmentary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Han
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Tae Jun Park
- Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Hee Young Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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15
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Kwack MH, Ahn JS, Jang JH, Kim JC, Sung YK, Kim MK. SFRP2 augments Wnt/β-catenin signalling in cultured dermal papilla cells. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:813-5. [PMID: 26914690 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hee Kwack
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Sup Ahn
- Hair Transplantation Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Jang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Chul Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Dr. Ahn Medical Hair Clinic, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kwan Sung
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Moon Kyu Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
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16
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Azar RP, Thomas AH, Lindner G. Hair Follicle Plasticity with Complemented Immune-modulation Following Follicular Unit Extraction. Int J Trichology 2015; 7:16-23. [PMID: 25878444 PMCID: PMC4387692 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7753.153451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: During hair transplantation as an effective therapy for androgenetic alopecia, hair follicles were typically trans-located from the nonaffected occipital to the balding frontal or vertex region of the scalp. Although this is an autologous intervention, the donor and recipient hair follicle tissue differ in composition and local environment. Settings and Design: In two case studies, we investigated the changes in hair follicle morphology and the immune status of scalp and body hair follicles from different origins transplanted to the eyebrows and the frontal scalp using follicular unit extraction. Results: Quantitative histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry revealed a transformation in hair follicle length and dermal papilla size of the scalp, chest and beard hair follicles, which had been re-extracted after a 6-month period posttransplantation. Furthermore, a significant infiltration of B and T lymphocytes as well as macrophages could be observed most prominently in the infundibulum of transplanted hair follicles. Conclusion: The presented results demonstrate that hair follicle units from different body sites are capable to replace miniaturized or degraded hair follicles in different recipient areas like scalp or eyebrows as they keep their intrinsic capability or acquire the potential to readjust plastically within the beneficiary skin region. The essential secretory crosstalk underlying the observed tissue remodeling is possibly mediated by the infiltrating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza P Azar
- Zentrum für Moderne Haartransplantation/Centre for Modern Hair Transplantation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander H Thomas
- University for Technologies Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Lindner
- University for Technologies Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Nissimov JN, Das Chaudhuri AB. Hair curvature: a natural dialectic and review. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 89:723-66. [PMID: 24617997 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although hair forms (straight, curly, wavy, etc.) are present in apparently infinite variations, each fibre can be reduced to a finite sequence of tandem segments of just three types: straight, bent/curly, or twisted. Hair forms can thus be regarded as resulting from genetic pathways that induce, reverse or modulate these basic curvature modes. However, physical interconversions between twists and curls demonstrate that strict one-to-one correspondences between them and their genetic causes do not exist. Current hair-curvature theories do not distinguish between bending and twisting mechanisms. We here introduce a multiple papillary centres (MPC) model which is particularly suitable to explain twisting. The model combines previously known features of hair cross-sectional morphology with partially/completely separated dermal papillae within single follicles, and requires such papillae to induce differential growth rates of hair cortical material in their immediate neighbourhoods. The MPC model can further help to explain other, poorly understood, aspects of hair growth and morphology. Separate bending and twisting mechanisms would be preferentially affected at the major or minor ellipsoidal sides of fibres, respectively, and together they exhaust the possibilities for influencing hair-form phenotypes. As such they suggest dialectic for hair-curvature development. We define a natural-dialectic (ND) which could take advantage of speculative aspects of dialectic, but would verify its input data and results by experimental methods. We use this as a top-down approach to first define routes by which hair bending or twisting may be brought about and then review evidence in support of such routes. In particular we consider the wingless (Wnt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways as paradigm pathways for molecular hair bending and twisting mechanisms, respectively. In addition to the Wnt canonical pathway, the Wnt/Ca(2+) and planar cell polarity (PCP) pathways, and others, can explain many alternatives and specific variations of hair bending phenotypes. Mechanisms for hair papilla budding or its division by bisection or fission can explain MPC formation. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) transitions, acting in collaboration with epithelial-mesenchymal communications are also considered as mechanisms affecting hair growth and its bending and twisting. These may be treated as sub-mechanisms of an overall development from neural-crest stem cell (NCSC) lineages to differentiated hair follicle (HF) cell types, thus providing a unified framework for hair growth and development.
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18
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Kim BK, Yoon SK. Expression of sfrp2 is increased in catagen of hair follicles and inhibits keratinocyte proliferation. Ann Dermatol 2014; 26:79-87. [PMID: 24648690 PMCID: PMC3956799 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2014.26.1.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hair follicles undergo cycles of repeated growth and regression. The Wnt pathway plays an important role in the regeneration and differentiation of hair follicles. Sfrp2, a Wnt inhibitor, is involved in the developmental and disease processes of various cells and tissues by modulating the Wnt pathway. Objective The aim of this study was to understand the role of Sfrp2 in hair follicles through investigation of the Sfrp2 expression pattern in the skin and its effect on keratinocytes. Methods We investigated Sfrp2 mRNA expression and the expression of the wnt target genes, Ccnd1 and C-myc, at various mouse hair follicle developmental stages using Real-time polymerase chain reaction. We also investigated the effect of SFRP2 on the proliferation and differentiation of mouse keratinocyte cells by adding SFRP2 protein or overexpressing Sfrp2 using an in vitro culture system. Results Sfrp2 expression peaked in the catagen phase and remained high until telogen, and then declined at the beginning of the next anagen. An inverse relationship to Sfrp2 expression was found for the expression of the Wnt target genes, C-myc and Ccnd1. In addition, we also observed inhibited proliferation of mouse keratinocytes in the presence of SFRP2. Conclusion These results suggest that Sfrp2 may play a role in the catagen phase by inhibiting the proliferation of keratinocyte and functioning as a Wnt inhibitor in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Medical Lifesciences, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungjoo Kim Yoon
- Department of Medical Lifesciences, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Yoshida H, Taguchi H, Kitahara T, Takema Y, Visscher MO, Schweizer J, Langbein L. Keratins of the human occipital hair medulla: androgenic regulation of in vitro hair keratin K37 expression. Br J Dermatol 2014; 169:218-21. [PMID: 23413938 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Zhu B, Xu T, Yuan J, Guo X, Liu D. Transcriptome sequencing reveals differences between primary and secondary hair follicle-derived dermal papilla cells of the Cashmere goat (Capra hircus). PLoS One 2013; 8:e76282. [PMID: 24069460 PMCID: PMC3777969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dermal papilla is thought to establish the character and control the size of hair follicles. Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats (Capra hircus) have a double coat comprising the primary and secondary hair follicles, which have dramatically different sizes and textures. The Cashmere goat is rapidly becoming a potent model for hair follicle morphogenesis research. In this study, we established two dermal papilla cell lines during the anagen phase of the hair growth cycle from the primary and secondary hair follicles and clarified the similarities and differences in their morphology and growth characteristics. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing was used to identify gene expression differences between the two dermal papilla cell lines. Many of the differentially expressed genes are involved in vascularization, ECM-receptor interaction and Wnt/β-catenin/Lef1 signaling pathways, which intimately associated with hair follicle morphogenesis. These findings provide valuable information for research on postnatal morphogenesis of hair follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Teng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jianlong Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- * E-mail: (XG); (DL)
| | - Dongjun Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- * E-mail: (XG); (DL)
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21
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Abstract
Over the past century, much of genetics was deterministic, and feminist researchers framed justified criticisms of genetics research. However, over the past two decades, genetics research has evolved remarkably and has moved far from earlier deterministic approaches. Our article provides a brief primer on modern genetics, emphasizing contemporary evidence for the complex interplay between genes and environment. We focus particularly on the role of gene–environment interactions for gender-imbalanced disorders such as depression. We review research on epigenetics, which is one mechanism by which environment influences gene expression. Modern genetics is not based on a model of genetic determinism; instead, it recognizes the complexity of genetic influences and the nuanced interplay between genes and environment across life span development. Even with the modern genetics approaches, of course, there is still room for criticism and input from gender researchers. We outline methodological and conceptual issues more generally and from a gender researcher’s perspective. We argue that, with interdisciplinary collaborations, modern genetics can be integrated into gender research and vice versa in ways that will create progress in both fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H. Salk
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Janet S. Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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22
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Pourreyron C, Reilly L, Proby C, Panteleyev A, Fleming C, McLean K, South AP, Foerster J. Wnt5a is strongly expressed at the leading edge in non-melanoma skin cancer, forming active gradients, while canonical Wnt signalling is repressed. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31827. [PMID: 22384081 PMCID: PMC3285195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt5a is one of the so-called non-canonical Wnt ligands which do not act through β-catenin. In normal development, Wnt5a is secreted and directs the migration of target cells along concentration gradients. The effect of Wnt5a on target cells is regulated by many factors, including the expression level of inhibitors and receptors. Dysregulated Wnt5a signalling facilitates invasion of multiple tumor types into adjacent tissue. However, the expression and distribution of Wnt5a in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), as well as the effect of Wnt5a on keratinocyte migration has not been studied in detail to date. We here report that Wnt5a is upregulated in SCC and BCC and localised to the leading edge of tumors, as well as tumor-associated fibroblasts. The Wnt5a-triggered bundling of its receptor Fzd3 provides evidence of Wnt5a concentration gradients projecting into the tumor. In vitro migration assays show that Wnt5a concentration gradients determine its effect on keratinoctye migration: While chemotactic migration is inhibited by Wnt5a present in homogenous concentrations, it is enhanced in the presence of a Wnt5a gradient. Expression profiling of the Wnt pathway shows that the upregulation of Wnt5a in SCC is coupled to repression of canonical Wnt signalling. This is confirmed by immunohistochemistry showing lack of nuclear β-catenin, as well as absent accumulation of Axin2. Since both types of Wnt signalling act mutually antogonistically at multiple levels, the concurrent repression of canonical Wnt signalling suggests hyper-active Wnt5a signal transduction. Significantly, this combination of gene dysregulation is not observed in the benign hyperproliferative inflammatory skin disease psoriasis. Collectively, our data strongly suggest that Wnt5a signalling contributes to tissue invasion by non-melanoma skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Pourreyron
- Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Centre Dundee, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Louise Reilly
- Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Centre Dundee, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Charlotte Proby
- Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Centre Dundee, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Andrey Panteleyev
- Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Centre Dundee, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Colin Fleming
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Education Division, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Kathleen McLean
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Centre Dundee, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Tayside Tissue Bank, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Andrew P. South
- Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Centre Dundee, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - John Foerster
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Education Division, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- * E-mail:
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23
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Driskell RR, Clavel C, Rendl M, Watt FM. Hair follicle dermal papilla cells at a glance. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:1179-82. [PMID: 21444748 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.082446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Driskell
- Laboratory for Epidermal Stem Cell Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
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24
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Chen WC, Zouboulis CC. Hormones and the pilosebaceous unit. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2011; 1:81-6. [PMID: 20224689 DOI: 10.4161/derm.1.2.8354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hormones can exert their actions through endocrine, paracrine, juxtacrine, autocrine and intracrine pathways. The skin, especially the pilosebaceous unit, can be regarded as an endocrine organ meanwhile a target of hormones, because it synthesizes miscellaneous hormones and expresses diverse hormone receptors. Over the past decade, steroid hormones, phospholipid hormones, retinoids and nuclear receptor ligands as well as the so-called stress hormones have been demonstrated to play pivotal roles in controlling the development of pilosebaceous units, lipogenesis of sebaceous glands and hair cycling. Among them, androgen is most extensively studied and of highest clinical significance. Androgen-mediated dermatoses such as acne, androgenetic alopecia and seborrhea are among the most common skin disorders, with most patients exhibiting normal circulating androgen levels. The "cutaneous hyperandrogenism" is caused by in stiu overexpression of the androgenic enzymes and hyperresponsiveness of androgen receptors. Regulation of cutaneous steroidogenesis is analogous to that in gonads and adrenals. More work is needed to explain the regional difference within and between the androgn-mediated dermatoses. The pilosebaceous unit can act as an ideal model for studies in dermato-endocrinology.
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25
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Genetik der androgenetischen Alopezie. MED GENET-BERLIN 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11825-009-0197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Die androgenetische Alopezie (AGA, erblich- bzw. hormonbedingter Haarausfall [MIM 109200; MIM 300710; MIM 612421]) ist die häufigste Form des Haarverlusts beim Menschen, wobei die Prävalenz stark altersabhängig ist. Im Alter von über 70 Jahren sind über 80% der europäischen Männer betroffen, bei Frauen liegt die AGA-Häufigkeit mit 30–40% deutlich niedriger. Die AGA führt, v. a. bei betroffenen Frauen, zu einer erheblichen psychologischen Belastung und entfaltet dabei Krankheitswert. Der Haarverlust geht auf einen veränderten Haarzyklus und eine Miniaturisierung des Haarfollikels zurück. Die Pathogenese ist androgenabhängig, und die genetische Anlage ist wesentliche Voraussetzung für den Phänotyp. In mehreren Studien konnten der Androgenrezeptor-/Ektodysplasin-A2-Rezeptor(EDA2R)-Locus auf dem X-Chromosom als stärkster beitragender Faktor und durch genomweite Assoziationsuntersuchungen ein weiterer Locus auf Chromosom 20p11 identifiziert werden. Das zum Assoziationssignal nächstgelegene in der Kopfhaut exprimierte Gen ist „paired box 1“ (PAX1). Zwischen PAX1 und dem Androgensignalweg gibt es keine offensichtliche Verbindung, jedoch sind die dem Assoziationssignal auf Chromosom 20p11 zugrunde liegenden pathophysiologischen Prozesse noch nicht geklärt. Bis heute ermöglichen die zur Verfügung stehenden medikamentösen Therapien der AGA bestenfalls ein Aufhalten des Haarverlusts. Mit der Identifizierung der AGA-assoziierten Gene und der Aufklärung ihrer Funktionen wird man die biologischen Ursachen der AGA schrittweise erschließen. Damit ist die Hoffnung auf die Entwicklung neuer Therapien verbunden.
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26
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Ohyama M, Zheng Y, Paus R, Stenn KS. The mesenchymal component of hair follicle neogenesis: background, methods and molecular characterization. Exp Dermatol 2009; 19:89-99. [PMID: 19650868 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00935.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle morphogenesis and regeneration occur by an extensive and collaborative crosstalk between epithelial and mesenchymal skin components. A series of pioneering studies, which revealed an indispensable role of follicular dermal papilla and dermal sheath cells in this crosstalk, has led workers in the field to study in detail the anatomical distribution, functional properties, and molecular signature of the trichogenic dermal cells. The purpose of this paper was to provide a practical summary of the development and recent advances in the study of trichogenic dermal cells. Following a short review of the relevant literature, the methods for isolating and culturing these cells are summarized. Next, the bioassays, both in vivo and in vitro, that enable the evaluation of trichogenic properties of tested dermal cells are described in detail. A list of trichogenic molecular markers identified by those assays is also provided. Finally, this methods review is completed by defining some of the major questions needing resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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27
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Inoue K, Aoi N, Yamauchi Y, Sato T, Suga H, Eto H, Kato H, Tabata Y, Yoshimura K. TGF-beta is specifically expressed in human dermal papilla cells and modulates hair folliculogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:4643-56. [PMID: 19438810 PMCID: PMC4515078 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) in the mammalian hair follicle have been shown to develop hair follicles through epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. A cell therapy to regenerate human hair is theoretically possible by expanding autologous human DPCs (hDPCs) and transplanting them into bald skin, though much remains to be overcome before clinical success. In this study, we compared gene signatures of hDPCs at different passages and human dermal fibroblasts, and found transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(2) to be highly expressed in cultured hDPCs. Keratinocyte conditioned medium, which is known to help preserve the hair-inducing capacity of hDPCs, up-regulated TGF-beta(2) expression of hDPCs and also enhanced their alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, a known index for hair-inductive capacity. Through screening of components secreted from keratinocytes, the vitamin D(3) analogue was found to promote TGF-beta(2) expression and ALP activity of hDPCs. In animal hair folliculogenesis models using rat epidermis and expanded hDPCs, inhibition of TGF-beta(2) signalling at the ligand or receptor level significantly impaired hair folliculogenesis and maturation. These results suggest an important role for TGF-beta(2) in hair follicle morphogenesis and provide insights into the establishment of future cell therapies for hair regrowth by transplanting expanded DPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Inoue
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Abstract
Hair's importance in human communication means that abnormalities like excess hair in hirsutism or hair loss in alopecia cause psychological distress. Androgens are the main regulator of human hair follicles, changing small vellus follicles producing tiny, virtually invisible hairs into larger intermediate and terminal follicles making bigger, pigmented hairs. The response to androgens varies with the body site as it is specific to the hair follicle itself. Normally around puberty, androgens stimulate axillary and pubic hair in both sexes, plus the beard, etc. in men, while later they may also inhibit scalp hair growth causing androgenetic alopecia. Androgens act within the follicle to alter the mesenchyme-epithelial cell interactions, changing the length of time the hair is growing, the dermal papilla size and dermal papilla cell, keratinocyte and melanocyte activity. Greater understanding of the mechanisms of androgen action in follicles should improve therapies for poorly controlled hair disorders like hirsutism and alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Anne Randall
- Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
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29
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Park SY, Kwack MH, Chung EJ, Im SU, Han IS, Kim MK, Kim JC, Sung YK. Establishment of SV40T-transformed human dermal papilla cells and identification of dihydrotestosterone-regulated genes by cDNA microarray. J Dermatol Sci 2007; 47:201-8. [PMID: 17560084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that androgens are the main regulator of changes in human hair growth, and dermal papilla (DP) is known to secret factors which regulate the growth and activity of the cells in the follicle in response to androgens. However, published data of androgen-regulated genes in human dermal papilla cells is limited and genome-wide large scale screening has not been reported. OBJECTIVE To identify the dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-regulated genes in human dermal papilla cells. METHODS SV40T-transformed human dermal papilla cell line (SV40T-DPC) was established and DHT-regulated genes were screened by cDNA microarray analysis. RESULTS SV40T-DPC maintained early passage morphology and expressed functional androgen receptors. cDNA microarray followed by RT-PCR analysis showed that a number of genes are regulated by DHT in SV40T-DPC. CONCLUSION The DHT-regulated genes reported in this study may be involved in androgen-mediated regulation of hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yoon Park
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 2-101 Dong-In-Dong, Chung-Gu, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
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30
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Randall VA. Hormonal regulation of hair follicles exhibits a biological paradox. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2007; 18:274-85. [PMID: 17379547 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Revised: 02/03/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hair's importance for insulation and camouflage or human communication means that hairs need to change with season, age or sexual development. Regular, regenerating hair follicle growth cycles produce new hairs which may differ in colour and/or size, e.g., beard development. Hormones of the pineal-hypothalamus-pituitary axis coordinate seasonal changes, while androgens regulate most sexual aspects with paradoxically different effects depending on body site; compare beard growth and balding! Hormones affect follicular mesenchymal-epithelial interactions altering growing time, dermal papilla size and dermal papilla cell, keratinocyte and melanocyte activity. Greater understanding of these mechanisms should improve treatments for poorly controlled hair disorders, alopecia and hirsutism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Anne Randall
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
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