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DAZAP1 overexpression promotes growth of HCC cell lines: a primary study using CEUS. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1168-1176. [PMID: 35091997 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of hepatic carcinoma. The overall prognosis is poor. DAZAP1, a regulator of alternative splicing (AS) events, may participate in tumor growth. METHODS We collected 105 HCC patients and tissue samples from the Department of Hepatological Surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University. TCGA datasets were downloaded and operated using the R project. DAZAP1 expressions were examined by quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. CCK8 assay was used to investigate the cell proliferation, and transwell assay was employed to examine the ability of migration and invasion in vitro. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was used to evaluate images and parameters of the tumor. RESULTS DAZAP1 is highly expressed in the tissue samples of HCC. The peak intensity (PI) and area under the curve (AUC) of the tumor is higher than that of liver parenchyma, and correlated with high DAZAP1 expression. Parameters of CEUS in the tumor are correlated with TNM stage, tumor size, and vascularity. High DAZAP1 expression correlates with a shorter survival time and advanced histologic grade (G3-G4). Bioinformatical analysis revealed that downregulation of DAZAP1 identified differentiated expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the tumor growth process. CONCLUSIONS DAZAP1 is highly expressed in hepatic carcinoma and related to the blood flow, and high DAZAP1 expression predicts poor prognosis. DAZAP1 may promote liver carcinoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of HEPG2 cells. CEUS parameters are related to the high DAZAP1 expression, and will help to differentiate the HCC tumor.
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Cytogenetic Characteristics of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Study of 1541 Chinese Patients Newly Diagnosed between 2001 and 2014. Curr Med Sci 2021; 42:201-209. [PMID: 34874488 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytogenetic abnormalities have been proven to be the most valuable parameter for risk stratification of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, studies on the prevalence of cytogenetic abnormalities and their correlation to clinical features in Chinese pediatric patients are limited, especially large-scale studies. METHODS We collected the cytogenetics and clinical data of 1541 children newly diagnosed with ALL between 2001 and 2014 in four Chinese hospitals, and retrospectively analyzed their clinical features, prognosis and risk factors associated with pediatric ALL. RESULTS All of these patients had karyotyping results, and some of them were tested for fusion genes by fluorescence in situ hybridization or reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Overall, 930 cases (60.4%) had abnormal cytogenetics in this study, mainly including high hyperdiploidy (HHD, n=276, 17.9%), hypodiploidy (n=74, 4.8%), t(12;21)/TEL-AML1 (n=260, 16.9%), t(1;19)/E2A-PBX1 (n=72, 4.7%), t(9;22)/BCR-ABL (n=64, 4.2%), and t(v;11q23)/MLL rearrangements (n=40, 2.6%). The distribution of each cytogenetic abnormality was correlated with gender, age, white blood cell count at diagnosis, and immunophenotype. In addition, multivariate analysis suggested that t(v;11q23)/MLL rearrangements (OR: 2.317, 95%CI: 1.219-3.748, P=0.008) and t(9;22)/BCR-ABL (OR: 2.519, 95%CI: 1.59-3.992, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for a lower event-free survival (EFS) rate in children with ALL, while HHD (OR: 0.638, 95%CI: 0.455-0.894, P=0.009) and t(12;21)/TEL-AML1 (OR: 0.486, 95%CI: 0.333-0.707, P<0.001) were independent factors of a favorable EFS. CONCLUSION The cytogenetic characteristics presented in our study resembled other research groups, emphasizing the important role of cytogenetic and molecular genetic classification in ALL, especially in B-ALL.
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Transcription factor MEF2D is required for the maintenance of MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4727-4740. [PMID: 34597364 PMCID: PMC8759131 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MEF2D is highly expressed in MLL-rearranged AML and required for leukemia development in vitro and in vivo. MEF2D suppresses CEBPE-mediated myeloid differentiation in AML.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with MLL-rearrangement (MLL-r) comprises ∼10% of all AML cases and portends poor outcomes. Much remains uncovered on how MLL-r AML drives leukemia development while preventing cells from normal myeloid differentiation. Here, we identified that transcription factor MEF2D is a super-enhancer-associated, highly expressed gene in MLL-r AML. Knockout of MEF2D profoundly impaired leukemia growth, induced myeloid differentiation, and delayed oncogenic progression in vivo. Mechanistically, MEF2D loss led to robust activation of a CEBPE-centered myeloid differentiation program in AML cells. Chromatin profiling revealed that MEF2D binds to and suppresses the chromatin accessibility of CEBPE cis-regulatory regions. In human acute leukemia samples, MEF2D expression showed a strong negative correlation with the expression of CEBPE. Depletion of CEBPE partially rescued the cell growth defect and myeloid cell differentiation induced by the loss of MEF2D. Lastly, we show that MEF2D is positively regulated by HOXA9, and downregulation of MEF2D is an important mechanism for DOT1L inhibitor-induced antileukemia effects. Collectively, our findings suggest that MEF2D plays a critical role in human MLL-r AML and uncover the MEF2D-CEBPE axis as a crucial transcriptional mechanism regulating leukemia cell self-renewal and differentiation block.
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Emerging molecular subtypes and therapeutic targets in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Front Med 2021; 15:347-371. [PMID: 33400146 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is characterized by genetic alterations with high heterogeneity. Precise subtypes with distinct genomic and/or gene expression patterns have been recently revealed using high-throughput sequencing technology. Most of these profiles are associated with recurrent non-overlapping rearrangements or hotspot point mutations that are analogous to the established subtypes, such as DUX4 rearrangements, MEF2D rearrangements, ZNF384/ZNF362 rearrangements, NUTM1 rearrangements, BCL2/MYC and/or BCL6 rearrangements, ETV6-RUNX1-like gene expression, PAX5alt (diverse PAX5 alterations, including rearrangements, intragenic amplifications, or mutations), and hotspot mutations PAX5 (p.Pro80Arg) with biallelic PAX5 alterations, IKZF1 (p.Asn159Tyr), and ZEB2 (p.His1038Arg). These molecular subtypes could be classified by gene expression patterns with RNA-seq technology. Refined molecular classification greatly improved the treatment strategy. Multiagent therapy regimens, including target inhibitors (e.g., imatinib), immunomodulators, monoclonal antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, are transforming the clinical practice from chemotherapy drugs to personalized medicine in the field of risk-directed disease management. We provide an update on our knowledge of emerging molecular subtypes and therapeutic targets in BCP-ALL.
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Sadras T, Müschen M. MEF2D Fusions Drive Oncogenic Pre-BCR Signaling in B-ALL. Blood Cancer Discov 2020; 1:18-20. [PMID: 34661138 PMCID: PMC8500730 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3249.bcd-20-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric fusion proteins involving transcriptional regulators are a common feature in pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). However, systematic dissection of the core regulatory circuits by which these fusions exert their oncogenic effects is still required. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and robust functional assays, Tsuzuki and colleagues identify the core transcription factor network directed by MEF2D fusions in B-ALL. The new findings demonstrate how activation of MEF2D fusions ultimately converge on pre-BCR signaling and lipid metabolism to drive malignant B-cell transformation. See related article by Tsuzuki et al., p. 82.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Sadras
- Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, California
| | - Markus Müschen
- Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, California.
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Tange N, Hayakawa F, Yasuda T, Odaira K, Yamamoto H, Hirano D, Sakai T, Terakura S, Tsuzuki S, Kiyoi H. Staurosporine and venetoclax induce the caspase-dependent proteolysis of MEF2D-fusion proteins and apoptosis in MEF2D-fusion (+) ALL cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110330. [PMID: 32504922 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MEF2D-fusion (M-fusion) genes are newly discovered recurrent gene abnormalities that are detected in approximately 5 % of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases. Their introduction to cells has been reported to transform cell lines or increase the colony formation of bone marrow cells, suggesting their survival-supporting ability, which prompted us to examine M-fusion-targeting drugs. To identify compounds that reduce the protein expression level of MEF2D, we developed a high-throughput screening system using 293T cells stably expressing a fusion protein of MEF2D and luciferase, in which the protein expression level of MEF2D was easily measured by a luciferase assay. We screened 3766 compounds with known pharmaceutical activities using this system and selected staurosporine as a potential inducer of the proteolysis of MEF2D. Staurosporine induced the proteolysis of M-fusion proteins in M-fusion (+) ALL cell lines. Proteolysis was inhibited by caspase inhibitors, not proteasome inhibitors, suggesting caspase dependency. Consistent with this result, the growth inhibitory effects of staurosporine were stronger in M-fusion (+) ALL cell lines than in negative cell lines, and caspase inhibitors blocked apoptosis induced by staurosporine. We identified the cleavage site of MEF2D-HNRNPUL1 by caspases and confirmed that its caspase cleavage-resistant mutant was resistant to staurosporine-induced proteolysis. Based on these results, we investigated another Food and Drug Administration-approved caspase activator, venetoclax, and found that it exerted similar effects to staurosporine, namely, the proteolysis of M-fusion proteins and strong growth inhibitory effects in M-fusion (+) ALL cell lines. The present study provides novel insights into drug screening strategies and the clinical indications of venetoclax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Tange
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hayakawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Takahiko Yasuda
- Clinical Research Center, Nagoya Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koya Odaira
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daiki Hirano
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sakai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seitaro Terakura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tsuzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kiyoi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Ohki K, Kiyokawa N, Saito Y, Hirabayashi S, Nakabayashi K, Ichikawa H, Momozawa Y, Okamura K, Yoshimi A, Ogata-Kawata H, Sakamoto H, Kato M, Fukushima K, Hasegawa D, Fukushima H, Imai M, Kajiwara R, Koike T, Komori I, Matsui A, Mori M, Moriwaki K, Noguchi Y, Park MJ, Ueda T, Yamamoto S, Matsuda K, Yoshida T, Matsumoto K, Hata K, Kubo M, Matsubara Y, Takahashi H, Fukushima T, Hayashi Y, Koh K, Manabe A, Ohara A. Clinical and molecular characteristics of MEF2D fusion-positive B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood, including a novel translocation resulting in MEF2D-HNRNPH1 gene fusion. Haematologica 2019; 104:128-137. [PMID: 30171027 PMCID: PMC6312004 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.186320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusion genes involving MEF2D have recently been identified in precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, mutually exclusive of the common risk stratifying genetic abnormalities, although their true incidence and associated clinical characteristics remain unknown. We identified 16 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 1 of lymphoma harboring MEF2D fusions, including MEF2D-BCL9 (n=10), MEF2D-HNRNPUL1 (n=6), and one novel MEF2D-HNRNPH1 fusion. The incidence of MEF2D fusions overall was 2.4% among consecutive precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients enrolled onto a single clinical trial. They frequently showed a cytoplasmic μ chain-positive pre-B immunophenotype, and often expressed an aberrant CD5 antigen. Besides up- and down-regulation of HDAC9 and MEF2C, elevated GATA3 expression was also a characteristic feature of MEF2D fusion-positive patients. Mutations of PHF6, recurrent in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, also showed an unexpectedly high frequency (50%) in these patients. MEF2D fusion-positive patients were older (median age 9 years) with elevated WBC counts (median: 27,300/ml) at presentation and, as a result, were mostly classified as NCI high risk. Although they responded well to steroid treatment, MEF2D fusion-positive patients showed a significantly worse outcome, with 53.3% relapse and subsequent death. Stem cell transplantation was ineffective as salvage therapy. Interestingly, relapse was frequently associated with the presence of CDKN2A/CDKN2B gene deletions. Our observations indicate that MEF2D fusions comprise a distinct subgroup of precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a characteristic immunophenotype and gene expression signature, associated with distinct clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ohki
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo
| | - Nobutaka Kiyokawa
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo
| | - Yuya Saito
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Fuchu-shi
| | - Shinsuke Hirabayashi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo
| | - Hitoshi Ichikawa
- Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa
| | - Kohji Okamura
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo
| | - Ai Yoshimi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, Mito-shi
| | - Hiroko Ogata-Kawata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo
| | - Hiromi Sakamoto
- Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo
| | - Motohiro Kato
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo
| | | | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo
| | - Hiroko Fukushima
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki
| | - Masako Imai
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Musashino Hospital, Tokyo
| | - Ryosuke Kajiwara
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanagawa
| | - Takashi Koike
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa
| | - Isao Komori
- Department of Pediatrics, Matsudo City Hospital, Chiba
| | - Atsushi Matsui
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Maebashi Hospital, Gunma
| | - Makiko Mori
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center
| | - Koichi Moriwaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University
| | - Yasushi Noguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Narita Hospital, Chiba
| | - Myoung-Ja Park
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Shibukawa-shi
| | - Takahiro Ueda
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
| | - Shohei Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa
| | - Yoichi Matsubara
- Director, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo
| | | | - Takashi Fukushima
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki
| | - Yasuhide Hayashi
- Institute of Physiology and Medicine, Jobu University, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Koh
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center
| | - Atsushi Manabe
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo
| | - Akira Ohara
- Department of Pediatrics, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo
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Advances in B-cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Genomics. Hemasphere 2018; 2:e53. [PMID: 31723781 PMCID: PMC6746003 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), cytogenetic abnormalities remain important diagnostic and prognostic tools. A number of well-established abnormalities are routinely used in risk stratification for treatment. These include high hyperdiploidy and ETV6-RUNX1 fusion, classified as good risk, while Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) positive ALL and rearrangements of the KMT2A (MLL) gene define poor risk. A poor risk subgroup of intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 (iAMP21-ALL) has been described, in which intensification of therapy has greatly improved outcome. Until recently, no consistent molecular features were defined in around 30% of BCP-ALL (known as B-other-ALL). Recent studies are classifying them into distinct subgroups, some with clear potential for novel therapeutic approaches. For example, in 1 poor risk subtype, known as Ph-like/BCR-ABL1-like ALL, approximately 10% have rearrangements of ABL-class tyrosine kinases: including ABL1, ABL2, PDGFRB, PDGFRA, and CSF1R. Notably, they show a poor response to standard chemotherapy, while they respond to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib. In other Ph-like-ALL patients, deregulation of the cytokine receptor, CRLF2, and JAK2 rearrangements lead to activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, implicating a specific role for JAK inhibitors in their treatment. Other novel subgroups within B-other-ALL are defined by the IGH-DUX4 translocation, related to deletions of the ERG gene and a good outcome, while fusions involving ZNF384, MEF2D, and intragenic PAX5 amplification (PAX5AMP) are linked to a poor outcome. Continued genetic screening will eventually lead to complete genomic classification of BCP-ALL and define more molecular targets for less toxic therapies.
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Di Giorgio E, Hancock WW, Brancolini C. MEF2 and the tumorigenic process, hic sunt leones. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:261-273. [PMID: 29879430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While MEF2 transcription factors are well known to cooperate in orchestrating cell fate and adaptive responses during development and adult life, additional studies over the last decade have identified a wide spectrum of genetic alterations of MEF2 in different cancers. The consequences of these alterations, including triggering and maintaining the tumorigenic process, are not entirely clear. A deeper knowledge of the molecular pathways that regulate MEF2 expression and function, as well as the nature and consequences of MEF2 mutations are necessary to fully understand the many roles of MEF2 in malignant cells. This review discusses the current knowledge of MEF2 transcription factors in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eros Di Giorgio
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Wayne W Hancock
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudio Brancolini
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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10
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Lei X, Kou Y, Fu Y, Rajashekar N, Shi H, Wu F, Xu J, Luo Y, Chen L. The Cancer Mutation D83V Induces an α-Helix to β-Strand Conformation Switch in MEF2B. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:1157-1172. [PMID: 29477338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
MEF2B is a major target of somatic mutations in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Most of these mutations are non-synonymous substitutions of surface residues in the MADS-box/MEF2 domain. Among them, D83V is the most frequent mutation found in tumor cells. The link between this hotspot mutation and cancer is not well understood. Here we show that the D83V mutation induces a dramatic α-helix to β-strand switch in the MEF2 domain. Located in an α-helix region rich in β-branched residues, the D83V mutation not only removes the extensive helix stabilization interactions but also introduces an additional β-branched residue that further shifts the conformation equilibrium from α-helix to β-strand. Cross-database analyses of cancer mutations and chameleon sequences revealed a number of well-known cancer targets harboring β-strand favoring mutations in chameleon α-helices, suggesting a commonality of such conformational switch in certain cancers and a new factor to consider when stratifying the rapidly expanding cancer mutation data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lei
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yi Kou
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yang Fu
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Niroop Rajashekar
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Haoran Shi
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Jiang Xu
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yibing Luo
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lin Chen
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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11
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The pathogenic role of MEF2D-SS18 fusion gene in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:1331-1336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Zhu HX, Shi L, Zhang Y, Zhu YC, Bai CX, Wang XD, Zhou JB. Myocyte enhancer factor 2D provides a cross-talk between chronic inflammation and lung cancer. J Transl Med 2017; 15:65. [PMID: 28340574 PMCID: PMC5366127 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Patients with chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are exposed to a higher risk of developing lung cancer. Chronic inflammation may play an important role in the lung carcinogenesis among those patients. The present study aimed at identifying candidate biomarker predicting lung cancer risk among patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Methods We applied clinical bioinformatics tools to analyze different gene profile datasets with a special focus on screening the potential biomarker during chronic inflammation-lung cancer transition. Then we adopted an in vitro model based on LPS-challenged A549 cells to validate the biomarker through RNA-sequencing, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis. Results Bioinformatics analyses of the 16 enrolled GSE datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus online database showed myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) level significantly increased in COPD patients coexisting non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Inflammation challenge increased MEF2D expression in NSCLC cell line A549, associated with the severity of inflammation. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase inhibition could reverse the up-regulation of MEF2D in inflammation-activated A549. MEF2D played a critical role in NSCLC cell bio-behaviors, including proliferation, differentiation, and movement. Conclusions Inflammatory conditions led to increased MEF2D expression, which might further contribute to the development of lung cancer through influencing cancer microenvironment and cell bio-behaviors. MEF2D might be a potential biomarker during chronic inflammation-lung cancer transition, predicting the risk of lung cancer among patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1168-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xing Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Chun Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chun-Xue Bai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Bai Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Gu Z, Churchman M, Roberts K, Li Y, Liu Y, Harvey RC, McCastlain K, Reshmi SC, Payne-Turner D, Iacobucci I, Shao Y, Chen IM, Valentine M, Pei D, Mungall KL, Mungall AJ, Ma Y, Moore R, Marra M, Stonerock E, Gastier-Foster JM, Devidas M, Dai Y, Wood B, Borowitz M, Larsen EE, Maloney K, Mattano Jr LA, Angiolillo A, Salzer WL, Burke MJ, Gianni F, Spinelli O, Radich JP, Minden MD, Moorman AV, Patel B, Fielding AK, Rowe JM, Luger SM, Bhatia R, Aldoss I, Forman SJ, Kohlschmidt J, Mrózek K, Marcucci G, Bloomfield CD, Stock W, Kornblau S, Kantarjian HM, Konopleva M, Paietta E, Willman CL, L. Loh M, P. Hunger S, Mullighan CG. Genomic analyses identify recurrent MEF2D fusions in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13331. [PMID: 27824051 PMCID: PMC5105166 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements are initiating events in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Here using RNA sequencing of 560 ALL cases, we identify rearrangements between MEF2D (myocyte enhancer factor 2D) and five genes (BCL9, CSF1R, DAZAP1, HNRNPUL1 and SS18) in 22 B progenitor ALL (B-ALL) cases with a distinct gene expression profile, the most common of which is MEF2D-BCL9. Examination of an extended cohort of 1,164 B-ALL cases identified 30 cases with MEF2D rearrangements, which include an additional fusion partner, FOXJ2; thus, MEF2D-rearranged cases comprise 5.3% of cases lacking recurring alterations. MEF2D-rearranged ALL is characterized by a distinct immunophenotype, DNA copy number alterations at the rearrangement sites, older diagnosis age and poor outcome. The rearrangements result in enhanced MEF2D transcriptional activity, lymphoid transformation, activation of HDAC9 expression and sensitive to histone deacetylase inhibitor treatment. Thus, MEF2D-rearranged ALL represents a distinct form of high-risk leukaemia, for which new therapeutic approaches should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Gu
- Department of Pathology and Hematological Malignancies Program, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 342, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Michelle Churchman
- Department of Pathology and Hematological Malignancies Program, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 342, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Kathryn Roberts
- Department of Pathology and Hematological Malignancies Program, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 342, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Yongjin Li
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Richard C. Harvey
- University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, USA
| | - Kelly McCastlain
- Department of Pathology and Hematological Malignancies Program, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 342, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Shalini C. Reshmi
- The Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Debbie Payne-Turner
- Department of Pathology and Hematological Malignancies Program, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 342, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- Department of Pathology and Hematological Malignancies Program, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 342, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Department of Pathology and Hematological Malignancies Program, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 342, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - I-Ming Chen
- University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, USA
| | - Marcus Valentine
- Cytogenetic Shared Resource, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Deqing Pei
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Karen L. Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Yussanne Ma
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Richard Moore
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Marco Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Eileen Stonerock
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Julie M. Gastier-Foster
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Meenakshi Devidas
- Department of Biostatistics, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health & Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Yunfeng Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health & Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Brent Wood
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Michael Borowitz
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Eric E. Larsen
- Maine Children's Cancer Program, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
| | - Kelly Maloney
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | | | - Anne Angiolillo
- Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Wanda L. Salzer
- US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | | | - Francesca Gianni
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital Piazza OMS 1 24127, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Orietta Spinelli
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital Piazza OMS 1 24127, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Jerald P. Radich
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Mark D. Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Anthony V. Moorman
- Leukemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Bella Patel
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | | | - Jacob M. Rowe
- Hematology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | - Selina M. Luger
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ravi Bhatia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Ibrahim Aldoss
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Stephen J. Forman
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Jessica Kohlschmidt
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Krzysztof Mrózek
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Clara D. Bloomfield
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Wendy Stock
- University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Steven Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hagop M. Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Elisabeth Paietta
- Cancer Center, Montefiore Medical Center North Division, Bronx, New York 10467, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Willman
- University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, USA
| | - Mignon L. Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California 94115, USA
| | - Stephen P. Hunger
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Charles G. Mullighan
- Department of Pathology and Hematological Malignancies Program, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 342, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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14
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Suzuki K, Okuno Y, Kawashima N, Muramatsu H, Okuno T, Wang X, Kataoka S, Sekiya Y, Hamada M, Murakami N, Kojima D, Narita K, Narita A, Sakaguchi H, Sakaguchi K, Yoshida N, Nishio N, Hama A, Takahashi Y, Kudo K, Kato K, Kojima S. MEF2D-BCL9 Fusion Gene Is Associated With High-Risk Acute B-Cell Precursor Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adolescents. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:3451-9. [PMID: 27507882 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.66.5547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) makes up a significant proportion of all pediatric cancers, and relapsed ALL is a leading cause of cancer-associated deaths in children. Identification of risk factors and druggable molecular targets in ALL can lead to a better stratification of treatments and subsequent improvement in prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS We enrolled 59 children with relapsed or primary refractory ALL who were treated in our institutions. We primarily performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) using patients' leukemic cells to comprehensively detect gene fusions and analyze gene expression profiles. On the basis of results obtained by RNA-seq, we performed genetic validation, functional analysis, and in vitro drug sensitivity testing using patients' samples and an exogenous expression model. RESULTS We identified a total of 26 gene fusions in 22 patients by RNA-seq. Among these, 19 were nonrandom gene fusions already described in ALL, and four of the remaining seven involved identical combination of MEF2D and BCL9. All MEF2D-BCL9-positive patients had B-cell precursor immunophenotype and were characterized as being older in age, being resistant to chemotherapy, having very early relapse, and having leukemic blasts that mimic morphologically mature B-cell leukemia with markedly high expression of HDAC9. Exogenous expression of MEF2D-BCL9 in a B-cell precursor ALL cell line promoted cell growth, increased HDAC9 expression, and induced resistance to dexamethasone. Using a primary culture of leukemic blasts from a patient, we identified several molecular targeted drugs that conferred inhibitory effects in vitro. CONCLUSION A novel MEF2D-BCL9 fusion we identified characterizes a novel subset of pediatric ALL, predicts poor prognosis, and may be a candidate for novel molecular targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyogo Suzuki
- Kyogo Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Nozomu Kawashima, Hideki Muramatsu, Tatsuya Okuno, Xinan Wang, Shinsuke Kataoka, Yuko Sekiya, Motoharu Hamada, Norihiro Murakami, Daiei Kojima, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, and Seiji Kojima, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Yusuke Okuno and Nobuhiro Nishio, Nagoya University Hospital; Kotaro Narita, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Nao Yoshida, and Koji Kato, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya; Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Kazuko Kudo, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Kyogo Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Nozomu Kawashima, Hideki Muramatsu, Tatsuya Okuno, Xinan Wang, Shinsuke Kataoka, Yuko Sekiya, Motoharu Hamada, Norihiro Murakami, Daiei Kojima, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, and Seiji Kojima, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Yusuke Okuno and Nobuhiro Nishio, Nagoya University Hospital; Kotaro Narita, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Nao Yoshida, and Koji Kato, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya; Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Kazuko Kudo, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kawashima
- Kyogo Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Nozomu Kawashima, Hideki Muramatsu, Tatsuya Okuno, Xinan Wang, Shinsuke Kataoka, Yuko Sekiya, Motoharu Hamada, Norihiro Murakami, Daiei Kojima, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, and Seiji Kojima, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Yusuke Okuno and Nobuhiro Nishio, Nagoya University Hospital; Kotaro Narita, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Nao Yoshida, and Koji Kato, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya; Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Kazuko Kudo, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Kyogo Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Nozomu Kawashima, Hideki Muramatsu, Tatsuya Okuno, Xinan Wang, Shinsuke Kataoka, Yuko Sekiya, Motoharu Hamada, Norihiro Murakami, Daiei Kojima, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, and Seiji Kojima, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Yusuke Okuno and Nobuhiro Nishio, Nagoya University Hospital; Kotaro Narita, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Nao Yoshida, and Koji Kato, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya; Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Kazuko Kudo, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Okuno
- Kyogo Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Nozomu Kawashima, Hideki Muramatsu, Tatsuya Okuno, Xinan Wang, Shinsuke Kataoka, Yuko Sekiya, Motoharu Hamada, Norihiro Murakami, Daiei Kojima, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, and Seiji Kojima, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Yusuke Okuno and Nobuhiro Nishio, Nagoya University Hospital; Kotaro Narita, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Nao Yoshida, and Koji Kato, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya; Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Kazuko Kudo, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Xinan Wang
- Kyogo Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Nozomu Kawashima, Hideki Muramatsu, Tatsuya Okuno, Xinan Wang, Shinsuke Kataoka, Yuko Sekiya, Motoharu Hamada, Norihiro Murakami, Daiei Kojima, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, and Seiji Kojima, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Yusuke Okuno and Nobuhiro Nishio, Nagoya University Hospital; Kotaro Narita, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Nao Yoshida, and Koji Kato, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya; Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Kazuko Kudo, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kataoka
- Kyogo Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Nozomu Kawashima, Hideki Muramatsu, Tatsuya Okuno, Xinan Wang, Shinsuke Kataoka, Yuko Sekiya, Motoharu Hamada, Norihiro Murakami, Daiei Kojima, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, and Seiji Kojima, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Yusuke Okuno and Nobuhiro Nishio, Nagoya University Hospital; Kotaro Narita, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Nao Yoshida, and Koji Kato, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya; Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Kazuko Kudo, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yuko Sekiya
- Kyogo Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Nozomu Kawashima, Hideki Muramatsu, Tatsuya Okuno, Xinan Wang, Shinsuke Kataoka, Yuko Sekiya, Motoharu Hamada, Norihiro Murakami, Daiei Kojima, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, and Seiji Kojima, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Yusuke Okuno and Nobuhiro Nishio, Nagoya University Hospital; Kotaro Narita, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Nao Yoshida, and Koji Kato, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya; Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Kazuko Kudo, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Motoharu Hamada
- Kyogo Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Nozomu Kawashima, Hideki Muramatsu, Tatsuya Okuno, Xinan Wang, Shinsuke Kataoka, Yuko Sekiya, Motoharu Hamada, Norihiro Murakami, Daiei Kojima, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, and Seiji Kojima, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Yusuke Okuno and Nobuhiro Nishio, Nagoya University Hospital; Kotaro Narita, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Nao Yoshida, and Koji Kato, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya; Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Kazuko Kudo, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Norihiro Murakami
- Kyogo Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Nozomu Kawashima, Hideki Muramatsu, Tatsuya Okuno, Xinan Wang, Shinsuke Kataoka, Yuko Sekiya, Motoharu Hamada, Norihiro Murakami, Daiei Kojima, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, and Seiji Kojima, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Yusuke Okuno and Nobuhiro Nishio, Nagoya University Hospital; Kotaro Narita, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Nao Yoshida, and Koji Kato, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya; Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Kazuko Kudo, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Daiei Kojima
- Kyogo Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Nozomu Kawashima, Hideki Muramatsu, Tatsuya Okuno, Xinan Wang, Shinsuke Kataoka, Yuko Sekiya, Motoharu Hamada, Norihiro Murakami, Daiei Kojima, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, and Seiji Kojima, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Yusuke Okuno and Nobuhiro Nishio, Nagoya University Hospital; Kotaro Narita, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Nao Yoshida, and Koji Kato, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya; Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Kazuko Kudo, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kotaro Narita
- Kyogo Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Nozomu Kawashima, Hideki Muramatsu, Tatsuya Okuno, Xinan Wang, Shinsuke Kataoka, Yuko Sekiya, Motoharu Hamada, Norihiro Murakami, Daiei Kojima, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, and Seiji Kojima, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Yusuke Okuno and Nobuhiro Nishio, Nagoya University Hospital; Kotaro Narita, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Nao Yoshida, and Koji Kato, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya; Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Kazuko Kudo, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Atsushi Narita
- Kyogo Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Nozomu Kawashima, Hideki Muramatsu, Tatsuya Okuno, Xinan Wang, Shinsuke Kataoka, Yuko Sekiya, Motoharu Hamada, Norihiro Murakami, Daiei Kojima, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, and Seiji Kojima, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Yusuke Okuno and Nobuhiro Nishio, Nagoya University Hospital; Kotaro Narita, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Nao Yoshida, and Koji Kato, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya; Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Kazuko Kudo, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Sakaguchi
- Kyogo Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Nozomu Kawashima, Hideki Muramatsu, Tatsuya Okuno, Xinan Wang, Shinsuke Kataoka, Yuko Sekiya, Motoharu Hamada, Norihiro Murakami, Daiei Kojima, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, and Seiji Kojima, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Yusuke Okuno and Nobuhiro Nishio, Nagoya University Hospital; Kotaro Narita, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Nao Yoshida, and Koji Kato, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya; Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Kazuko Kudo, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi
- Kyogo Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Nozomu Kawashima, Hideki Muramatsu, Tatsuya Okuno, Xinan Wang, Shinsuke Kataoka, Yuko Sekiya, Motoharu Hamada, Norihiro Murakami, Daiei Kojima, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, and Seiji Kojima, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Yusuke Okuno and Nobuhiro Nishio, Nagoya University Hospital; Kotaro Narita, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Nao Yoshida, and Koji Kato, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya; Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Kazuko Kudo, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nao Yoshida
- Kyogo Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Nozomu Kawashima, Hideki Muramatsu, Tatsuya Okuno, Xinan Wang, Shinsuke Kataoka, Yuko Sekiya, Motoharu Hamada, Norihiro Murakami, Daiei Kojima, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, and Seiji Kojima, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Yusuke Okuno and Nobuhiro Nishio, Nagoya University Hospital; Kotaro Narita, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Nao Yoshida, and Koji Kato, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya; Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Kazuko Kudo, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nishio
- Kyogo Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Nozomu Kawashima, Hideki Muramatsu, Tatsuya Okuno, Xinan Wang, Shinsuke Kataoka, Yuko Sekiya, Motoharu Hamada, Norihiro Murakami, Daiei Kojima, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, and Seiji Kojima, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Yusuke Okuno and Nobuhiro Nishio, Nagoya University Hospital; Kotaro Narita, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Nao Yoshida, and Koji Kato, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya; Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Kazuko Kudo, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Asahito Hama
- Kyogo Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Nozomu Kawashima, Hideki Muramatsu, Tatsuya Okuno, Xinan Wang, Shinsuke Kataoka, Yuko Sekiya, Motoharu Hamada, Norihiro Murakami, Daiei Kojima, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, and Seiji Kojima, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Yusuke Okuno and Nobuhiro Nishio, Nagoya University Hospital; Kotaro Narita, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Nao Yoshida, and Koji Kato, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya; Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Kazuko Kudo, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Kyogo Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Nozomu Kawashima, Hideki Muramatsu, Tatsuya Okuno, Xinan Wang, Shinsuke Kataoka, Yuko Sekiya, Motoharu Hamada, Norihiro Murakami, Daiei Kojima, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, and Seiji Kojima, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Yusuke Okuno and Nobuhiro Nishio, Nagoya University Hospital; Kotaro Narita, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Nao Yoshida, and Koji Kato, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya; Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Kazuko Kudo, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kudo
- Kyogo Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Nozomu Kawashima, Hideki Muramatsu, Tatsuya Okuno, Xinan Wang, Shinsuke Kataoka, Yuko Sekiya, Motoharu Hamada, Norihiro Murakami, Daiei Kojima, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, and Seiji Kojima, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Yusuke Okuno and Nobuhiro Nishio, Nagoya University Hospital; Kotaro Narita, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Nao Yoshida, and Koji Kato, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya; Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Kazuko Kudo, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Koji Kato
- Kyogo Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Nozomu Kawashima, Hideki Muramatsu, Tatsuya Okuno, Xinan Wang, Shinsuke Kataoka, Yuko Sekiya, Motoharu Hamada, Norihiro Murakami, Daiei Kojima, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, and Seiji Kojima, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Yusuke Okuno and Nobuhiro Nishio, Nagoya University Hospital; Kotaro Narita, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Nao Yoshida, and Koji Kato, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya; Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Kazuko Kudo, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Kyogo Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Nozomu Kawashima, Hideki Muramatsu, Tatsuya Okuno, Xinan Wang, Shinsuke Kataoka, Yuko Sekiya, Motoharu Hamada, Norihiro Murakami, Daiei Kojima, Atsushi Narita, Nobuhiro Nishio, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, and Seiji Kojima, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Yusuke Okuno and Nobuhiro Nishio, Nagoya University Hospital; Kotaro Narita, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Nao Yoshida, and Koji Kato, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya; Kimiyoshi Sakaguchi, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu; and Kazuko Kudo, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.
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15
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Su L, Luo Y, Yang Z, Yang J, Yao C, Cheng F, Shan J, Chen J, Li F, Liu L, Liu C, Xu Y, Jiang L, Guo D, Prieto J, Ávila MA, Shen J, Qian C. MEF2D Transduces Microenvironment Stimuli to ZEB1 to Promote Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5054-67. [PMID: 27364559 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential mechanism of metastasis, including in colorectal cancer. Although EMT processes are often triggered in cancer cells by their surrounding microenvironment, how EMT-relevant genes control these processes is not well understood. In multiple types of cancers, the transcription factor MEF2D has been implicated in cell proliferation, but its contributions to metastasis have not been addressed. Here, we show MEF2D is overexpressed in clinical colorectal cancer tissues where its high expression correlates with metastatic process. Functional investigations showed that MEF2D promoted cancer cell invasion and EMT and that it was essential for certain microenvironment signals to induce EMT and metastasis in vivo Mechanistically, MEF2D directly regulated transcription of the EMT driver gene ZEB1 and facilitated histone acetylation at the ZEB1 promoter. More importantly, MEF2D responded to various tumor microenvironment signals and acted as a central integrator transducing multiple signals to activate ZEB1 transcription. Overall, our results define a critical function for MEF2D in upregulating EMT and the metastatic capacity of colorectal cancer cells. Further, they offer new insights into how microenvironment signals activate EMT-relevant genes and deepen the pathophysiologic significance of MEF2D, with potential implications for the prevention and treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer Res; 76(17); 5054-67. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Su
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongli Luo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feifei Cheng
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Shan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Limei Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chungang Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanmin Xu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lupin Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Deyu Guo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jesus Prieto
- Center of Investigation for Applied Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Matías A Ávila
- Center of Investigation for Applied Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Junjie Shen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Cheng Qian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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16
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Deciphering "B-others": Novel fusion genes driving B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. EBioMedicine 2016; 8:8-9. [PMID: 27428404 PMCID: PMC4919499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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17
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Genomic Profiling of Adult and Pediatric B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. EBioMedicine 2016; 8:173-183. [PMID: 27428428 PMCID: PMC4919728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic landscapes of 92 adult and 111 pediatric patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) were investigated using next-generation sequencing and copy number alteration analysis. Recurrent gene mutations and fusions were tested in an additional 87 adult and 93 pediatric patients. Among the 29 newly identified in-frame gene fusions, those involving MEF2D and ZNF384 were clinically relevant and were demonstrated to perturb B-cell differentiation, with EP300-ZNF384 inducing leukemia in mice. Eight gene expression subgroups associated with characteristic genetic abnormalities were identified, including leukemia with MEF2D and ZNF384 fusions in two distinct clusters. In subgroup G4 which was characterized by ERG deletion, DUX4-IGH fusion was detected in most cases. This comprehensive dataset allowed us to compare the features of molecular pathogenesis between adult and pediatric B-ALL and to identify signatures possibly related to the inferior outcome of adults to that of children. We found that, besides the known discrepancies in frequencies of prognostic markers, adult patients had more cooperative mutations and greater enrichment for alterations of epigenetic modifiers and genes linked to B-cell development, suggesting difference in the target cells of transformation between adult and pediatric patients and may explain in part the disparity in their responses to treatment. The genomic landscapes of adult and pediatric B-ALL were defined by next-generation sequencing of patient samples. MEF2D and ZNF384 fusions could perturb B-cell differentiation or induce leukemia in mice and exhibited clinical relevance. Adult patients showed greater enrichment for alterations of genes linked to epigenetic modification and B-cell development.
This study comprehensively addressed the genomic signatures of adult versus pediatric B-ALL. The identification of distinct MEF2D and ZNF384 fusions expands the existing knowledge about molecular subtypes of B-ALL in both age groups. RNA-seq data allowed most of the B-ALL cases to be clustered into 8 subgroups related to genetic abnormalities. Notably, adult patients have more cooperative sequence variation mutations than pediatric patients, especially in genes involved in epigenetic regulation and B-cell development. These findings may improve our understanding of leukemogenesis in B-ALL, leading to a more precise genetic classification and the further development of targeted therapy in this disease.
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18
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Xu K, Zhao YC. MEF2D/Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and is regulated by microRNA-19. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9059-69. [PMID: 26762410 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying molecular pathogenesis in gastric cancer remains poorly unknown. The transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) participates in the initiation and development of many human cancers. However, its potential roles in gastric cancer have surprisingly not been studied. In present study, we first explored MEF2's expression in gastric cancer, finding that only MEF2D rather than MEF2A, 2B, or 2C was elevated in gastric cancer clinical specimens. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis on the tissue samples obtained from 260 patients with gastric cancer revealed that MEF2D expression was significantly associated with the clinical stage, vascular invasion, metastasis, and tumor size. Gastric cancer patients with MEF2D expression showed a significantly shorter overall survival time compared with that of patients lacking of MEF2D. Multivariate analysis revealed that MEF2D expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. These results indicated that MEF2D was a prognostic marker for gastric cancer. Notably, MEF2D silencing was able to reduce the proliferation and survival of gastric cancer cells. Further study revealed that MEF2D suppression significantly inactivated the oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Downregulation of MEF2D inhibited the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer cells in nude mice. Finally, MEF2D is a direct target of miR-19, which was found to be decreased in gastric cancer clinical specimens. Collectively, we found that miR-19/MEF2D/Wnt/β-catenin regulatory network contributes to the growth of gastric cancer, hinting a new promising target for gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying-Chao Zhao
- Department of Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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19
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Essential control of early B-cell development by Mef2 transcription factors. Blood 2015; 127:572-81. [PMID: 26660426 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-04-643270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The sequential activation of distinct developmental gene networks governs the ultimate identity of a cell, but the mechanisms involved in initiating downstream programs are incompletely understood. The pre-B-cell receptor (pre-BCR) is an important checkpoint of B-cell development and is essential for a pre-B cell to traverse into an immature B cell. Here, we show that activation of myocyte enhancer factor 2 (Mef2) transcription factors (TFs) by the pre-BCR is necessary for initiating the subsequent genetic network. We demonstrate that B-cell development is blocked at the pre-B-cell stage in mice deficient for Mef2c and Mef2d TFs and that pre-BCR signaling enhances the transcriptional activity of Mef2c/d through phosphorylation by the Erk5 mitogen-activating kinase. This activation is instrumental in inducing Krüppel-like factor 2 and several immediate early genes of the AP1 and Egr family. Finally, we show that Mef2 proteins cooperate with the products of their target genes (Irf4 and Egr2) to induce secondary waves of transcriptional regulation. Our findings uncover a novel role for Mef2c/d in coordinating the transcriptional network that promotes early B-cell development.
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20
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Zhao Y, Li Y, Ma Y, Wang S, Cheng J, Yang T, Sun Z, Kuang Y, Huang H, Fan K, Gu J. Myocyte enhancer factor 2D promotes tumorigenicity in malignant glioma cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:601-10. [PMID: 26234765 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3791-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with malignant glioma is always quite poor, and this poor prognosis is probably due to our incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying malignant glioma. It is known that myocyte enhancer factor-2D (MEF2D) plays an oncogenic role in hepatocellular carcinoma and promotes the survival of various types of cells. However, little is known about the expression profile and function of MEF2D in malignant glioma. In this study, we investigated the function and expression of MEF2D in malignant glioma. We found that in malignant glioma, there is an aberrantly high expression of MEF2D, which leads to poor prognosis of malignant glioma. The downregulation of MEF2D suppresses the proliferation of malignant glioma cell lines by inducing delay of S and G2/M phases of cell cycle and promoting apoptosis. Furthermore, the overexpression of MEF2D in astrocytes accelerates cell proliferation by regulating cell cycle progression. Furthermore, a mouse malignant glioma model demonstrated that MEF2D deficiency blocks malignant glioma formation in vivo. We conclude that MEF2D may act as a potential oncogene in malignant glioma and thus serve as a candidate target for malignant glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youguang Zhao
- Department of Postgraduate, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Wang
- Section of Scientific Research and Training, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmin Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqin Kuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexia Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. .,The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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21
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De Braekeleer M, De Braekeleer E, Douet-Guilbert N. Geographic/ethnic variability of chromosomal and molecular abnormalities in leukemia. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1068123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Yu H, Sun H, Bai Y, Han J, Liu G, Liu Y, Zhang N. MEF2D overexpression contributes to the progression of osteosarcoma. Gene 2015; 563:130-5. [PMID: 25814384 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The underlying molecular pathogenesis of osteosarcoma remains poorly understood. The transcription factor MEF2D promotes the survival of various types of cells and functions as an oncogene in liver cancer. However, its potential contribution to osteosarcoma has not been explored. In this study, we investigated MEF2D expression and function in osteosarcoma, finding that MEF2D elevation in osteosarcoma clinical specimens was associated with patients' poor prognosis. MEF2D suppression was shown to decrease the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells, while forced expression of MEF2D was able to promote the proliferation of normal bone fibroblast. Notably, MEF2D silencing abolished osteosarcoma tumorigenicity in an animal model. Mechanistic investigations revealed that MEF2D silencing triggered G2-M arrest in osteosarcoma cells by suppressing RPRM and CDKN1A. miR-144 was found to suppress the expression of MEF2D in osteosarcoma cells. Collectively, our results demonstrated that MEF2D is a candidate oncogene for osteosarcoma and a potential molecular target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichi Yu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Honghui Sun
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yunshen Bai
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Jinhua Han
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Guomin Liu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yi Liu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Nan Zhang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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23
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Cao Q, Dong P, Wang Y, Zhang J, Shi X, Wang Y. miR-218 suppresses cardiac myxoma proliferation by targeting myocyte enhancer factor 2D. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2606-12. [PMID: 25812649 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac myxoma is the most common type of human heart tumor, yet the molecular mechanism is still poorly understood. In the present study, we found that the level of myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D), a key regulatory protein for cardiac development, was elevated in specimens of cardiac myxoma, and was positively associated with the proliferation of myxoma cells. MEF2D suppression reduced the proliferation of myxoma cells and its tumorigenicity. Cell cycle progression was also inhibited by MEF2D suppression. miR-218, which is downregulated in myxoma, suppressed MEF2D expression by targeting its mRNA 3'UTR. Altogether, we found that miR-218/MEF2D may be an effective target for myxoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxing Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Pingshuan Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Yanyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Xinge Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
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24
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Ma L, Liu J, Liu L, Duan G, Wang Q, Xu Y, Xia F, Shan J, Shen J, Yang Z, Bie P, Cui Y, Bian XW, Prieto J, Avila MA, Qian C. Overexpression of the transcription factor MEF2D in hepatocellular carcinoma sustains malignant character by suppressing G2-M transition genes. Cancer Res 2014; 74:1452-62. [PMID: 24390737 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The underlying molecular pathogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma remains poorly understood. The transcription factor MEF2D promotes survival in various cell types and it seems to function as an oncogene in leukemia. However, its potential contributions to solid cancers have not been explored. In this study, we investigated MEF2D expression and function in hepatocellular carcinoma, finding that MEF2D elevation in hepatocellular carcinoma clinical specimens was associated with poor prognosis. MEF2D-positive primary hepatocellular carcinoma cells displayed a faster proliferation rate compared with MEF2D-negative cells, and silencing or promoting MEF2D expression in these settings limited or accelerated cell proliferation, respectively. Notably, MEF2D-silencing abolished hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenicity in mouse xenograft models. Mechanistic investigations revealed that MEF2D-silencing triggered G2-M arrest in a manner associated with direct downregulation of the cell-cycle regulatory genes RPRM, GADD45A, GADD45B, and CDKN1A. Furthermore, we identified MEF2D as an authentic target of miR-122, the reduced expression of which in hepatocellular carcinoma may be responsible for MEF2D upregulation. Together, our results identify MEF2D as a candidate oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma and a potential target for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leina Ma
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center; Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona; and CIBERehd. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Chen HY, Yu YH, Yen PH. DAZAP1 regulates the splicing of Crem, Crisp2 and Pot1a transcripts. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:9858-69. [PMID: 23965306 PMCID: PMC3834821 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Deleted in Azoospermia Associated Protein 1 (DAZAP1) is a ubiquitous heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) that is expressed abundantly in the testis. DAZAP1 deficiency in mice results in growth retardation and spermatogenic arrest. Previous reports on DAZAP1’s binding to several naturally occurring splicing mutations support a role for DAZAP1 in RNA splicing. To elucidate the biological function(s) of DAZAP1 and to search for its natural RNA substrates, we used microarrays to compare the expression profiles and exon usages of wild-type and Dazap1 mutant testes and identified three genes (Crem, Crisp2 and Pot1a) with aberrant RNA splicing in the mutant testes. We further demonstrated that DAZAP1, but not DAZAP1 mutant proteins, promoted the inclusion of Crem exon 4, Crisp2 exon 9 and Pot1a exon 4 in splicing reporter transcripts in cultured cells. Additional studies on the binding of DAZAP1 to the exons and their flanking intronic sequences and the effects of minigene deletions on exon inclusion identified regulatory regions in Crem intron 3, Crisp2 intron 9 and Pot1a intron 4 where DAZAP1 bound and regulated splicing. Aberrant splicing of the Pot1a gene, which encodes an essential protein that protects telomere integrity, may partially account for the growth retardation phenotype of DAZAP1-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Ying Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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26
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Yang CK, Yen P. Differential translation of Dazap1 transcripts during spermatogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60873. [PMID: 23658607 PMCID: PMC3637229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Deleted in AZoospermia Associated Protein 1 (DAZAP1) is a ubiquitous hnRNP protein that has been implicated in RNA transcription, splicing, and translation. It is highly expressed in testes, predominantly in late stage spermatocytes and post-meiotic spermatids. Dazap1 deficiency in mice results in growth retardation and spermatogenic arrest. The gene produces two major transcripts of 2.4 and 1.8 kb, designated Dazap1-L and Dazap1-S, respectively. Results of our previous RNA in situ hybridization and immunostaining suggested translational regulation of the Dazap1 transcripts during spermatogenesis. The main objectives of the study were to determine the origin of the two Dazap1 transcripts and to investigate whether they were similarly translated. Our Northern and 3′ RACE analyses showed that the two transcripts were generated through alternative polyadenylation. In mouse testes, the levels of both transcripts were low at postnatal day 12 (P12), increased significantly at P18, and reached maximum at P27. Sucrose gradient analyses showed that at P12 both transcripts were actively translated. Afterward, an increasing portion of Dazap1-S became associated with the translationally inactive mRNPs, and the translational repression was accompanied by an increase in the length of its poly(A) tail. A much smaller portion of Dazap1-L was also sequestered to mRNPs as testes matured, but there was no changes in its poly(A) tail length. Using RNA pull-down followed by mass spectrometry, we identified DAZL, a germ-cell specific translation regulator, as one of the proteins that bound to the 3′UTR region specific for Dazap1-L. We further showed that DAZL preferentially bound to Dazap1-L in testis lysates and stimulated the translation of a reporter gene carrying Dazap1-L 3′UTR. In summary, our study shows that the translation of the two Dazap1 transcripts is differentially regulated. It also provides a new example of translational repression associated with poly(A) tail elongation during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Kai Yang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pauline Yen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Myocyte enhancer factor 2C in hematopoiesis and leukemia. Oncogene 2013; 33:403-10. [PMID: 23435431 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MEF2C is a selectively expressed transcription factor involved in different transcriptional complexes. Originally identified as an essential regulator of muscle development, ectopic expression of MEF2C as a result of chromosomal rearrangements is now linked to leukemia. Specifically, high MEF2C expression has been linked to mixed lineage leukemia-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia as well as to the immature subgroup of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This review focuses on the role of MEF2C in the hematopoietic system and on aberrant MEF2C expression in human leukemia.
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Abstract
Lysine acetylation refers to transfer of the acetyl moiety from acetyl-CoA to the ε-amino group of a lysine residue on a protein. This has recently emerged as a major covalent modification and interplays with other modifications, such as phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination (addition of a small protein called ubiquitin) and SUMOylation [addition of a ubiquitin-like protein known as SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier)], to form multisite modification programmes for cellular regulation in diverse organisms. This modification is post-translational (i.e. after synthesis of a protein) and reversible, with its level being dynamically balanced by two groups of enzymes known as lysine acetyltransferases and deacetylases. The acetyltransferases belong to three major families, whereas deacetylases have been divided into the classical and sirtuin [Sir-tu-in, for Sir2 (silent information regulator 2)-like protein; named after the yeast protein Sir2] families. In addition to these enzymes, proteins containing the bromodomain, a protein module named after the fly protein Brahma (God of creation in Hindu), are relevant to lysine acetylation biology due to their ability to recognize acetyl-lysine-containing peptides. Importantly, recent studies have made intimate links between these three different groups of proteins to different pathological conditions. In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of these proteins and emphasize their direct links to related human diseases.
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Jayathilaka N, Han A, Gaffney KJ, Dey R, Jarusiewicz JA, Noridomi K, Philips MA, Lei X, He J, Ye J, Gao T, Petasis NA, Chen L. Inhibition of the function of class IIa HDACs by blocking their interaction with MEF2. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:5378-88. [PMID: 22396528 PMCID: PMC3384312 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes that modify the epigenetic status of cells provide attractive targets for therapy in various diseases. The therapeutic development of epigenetic modulators, however, has been largely limited to direct targeting of catalytic active site conserved across multiple members of an enzyme family, which complicates mechanistic studies and drug development. Class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a group of epigenetic enzymes that depends on interaction with Myocyte Enhancer Factor-2 (MEF2) for their recruitment to specific genomic loci. Targeting this interaction presents an alternative approach to inhibiting this class of HDACs. We have used structural and functional approaches to identify and characterize a group of small molecules that indirectly target class IIa HDACs by blocking their interaction with MEF2 on DNA.Weused X-ray crystallography and 19F NMRto show that these compounds directly bind to MEF2. We have also shown that the small molecules blocked the recruitment of class IIa HDACs to MEF2-targeted genes to enhance the expression of those targets. These compounds can be used as tools to study MEF2 and class IIa HDACs in vivo and as leads for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimanthi Jayathilaka
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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30
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Wu MT, Lee TC, Wu IC, Su HJ, Huang JL, Peng CY, Wang W, Chou TY, Lin MY, Lin WY, Huang CT, Pan CH, Ho CK. Whole genome expression in peripheral-blood samples of workers professionally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:1636-43. [PMID: 21854004 DOI: 10.1021/tx200181q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine global gene expression profiles before and after the work-shift among coke-oven workers (COWs). COWs work six consecutive days and then take two days off. Two blood and urine samples in each worker were collected before starting to work after two days off and end-of-shift in the sixth day of work in 2009. Altered gene expressions (ratio of gene expression levels between end-of-shift and preshift work) were performed by a Human OneArray expression system which probes ~30,000-transcription expression profiling of human genes. Sixteen workers, all men, were enrolled in this study. Median urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1OHP) levels (μmol/mol creatinine) in end-of-shift work were significantly higher than those in preshift work (2.58 vs 0.29, p = 0.0002). Among the 20,341 genes which passed experimental quality control, 26 gene expression changes, 7 positive and 19 negative, were highly correlated with across-the-shift urinary 1OHP levels (end-of-shift-preshift 1OHP) (p-value <0.001). The high and low exposure groups of across-the-shift urinary 1OHP levels dichotomized in ~2.00 μmol/mol creatinine were able to be distinguished by these 26 genes. Some of them are known to be involved in apoptosis, chromosome stability/DNA repair, cell cycle control/tumor suppressor, cell adhesion, development/spermatogenesis, immune function, and neuronal cell function. These findings in COWs will be an ideal model to study the relationship of PAH exposure with acute changes of gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tsang Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Wu Y, Dey R, Han A, Jayathilaka N, Philips M, Ye J, Chen L. Structure of the MADS-box/MEF2 domain of MEF2A bound to DNA and its implication for myocardin recruitment. J Mol Biol 2010; 397:520-33. [PMID: 20132824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) regulates specific gene expression in diverse developmental programs and adaptive responses. MEF2 recognizes DNA and interacts with transcription cofactors through a highly conserved N-terminal domain referred to as the MADS-box/MEF2 domain. Here we present the crystal structure of the MADS-box/MEF2 domain of MEF2A bound to DNA. In contrast to previous structural studies showing that the MEF2 domain of MEF2A is partially unstructured, the present study reveals that the MEF2 domain participates with the MADS-box in both dimerization and DNA binding as a single domain. The sequence divergence at and immediately following the C-terminal end of the MEF2 domain may allow different MEF2 dimers to recognize different DNA sequences in the flanking regions. The current structure also suggests that the ligand-binding pocket previously observed in the Cabin1-MEF2B-DNA complex and the HDAC9 (histone deacetylase 9)-MEF2B-DNA complex is not induced by cofactor binding but rather preformed by intrinsic folding. However, the structure of the ligand-binding pocket does undergo subtle but significant conformational changes upon cofactor binding. On the basis of these observations, we generated a homology model of MEF2 bound to a myocardin family protein, MASTR, that acts as a potent coactivator of MEF2-dependent gene expression. The model shows excellent shape and chemical complementarity at the binding interface and is consistent with existing mutagenesis data. The apo structure presented here can also serve as a target for virtual screening and soaking studies of small molecules that can modulate the function of MEF2 as research tools and therapeutic leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Wu
- Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, RRI 204c, 1050 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Burmeister T, Gökbuget N, Schwartz S, Fischer L, Hubert D, Sindram A, Hoelzer D, Thiel E. Clinical features and prognostic implications of TCF3-PBX1 and ETV6-RUNX1 in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2009; 95:241-6. [PMID: 19713226 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.011346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The t(9;22) and t(4;11) chromosomal translocations, which generate the BCR-ABL and MLL-AF4 fusion genes, define high-risk subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults. However, the prognostic impact of other rarer fusion genes is less well established in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia than in the childhood form. DESIGN AND METHODS In the context of the German Multicenter Therapy Study Group for Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (GMALL) we used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to investigate 441 cases of BCR-ABL- and MLL-AF4-negative B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia for the TCF3-PBX1 (E2A-PBX1) and ETV6-RUNX1 (TEL-AML1) fusion transcripts generated by the t(1;19)(q23;p13.3) and t(12;21)(p13;q22) translocations. Both are well-known molecular alterations in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia in which they have favorable prognostic implications. RESULTS We identified 23 adult patients with TCF3-PBX1 and ten with ETV6-RUNX1. In contrast to previous reports we found no significant difference in overall survival between TCF3-PBX1-positive and -negative patients. At 2 years after diagnosis all the ETV6-RUNX1-positive patients were alive and in continuous complete remission, but their long-term outcome was negatively affected by late relapses. TCF3-PBX1-positive patients exhibited a characteristic CD34(-)/CD33(-) and mostly cyIg(+) immunophenotype. ETV6-RUNX1 only occurred in patients under 35 years old and was associated with a significantly lower white blood count. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to previous suggestions, adult patients with TCF3-PBX1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia do not appear to have a worse outcome than their negative counterparts. ETV6-RUNX1-positive patients had a very favorable performance status during the first few years but their long-term survival was negatively affected by late relapses. Both groups of patients are characterized by distinct clinicobiological features which facilitate their diagnostic identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Burmeister
- Med Klinik für Hämatologie/Onkologie Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany.
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Hsu LCL, Chen HY, Lin YW, Chu WC, Lin MJ, Yan YT, Yen PH. DAZAP1, an hnRNP protein, is required for normal growth and spermatogenesis in mice. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2008; 14:1814-1822. [PMID: 18669443 PMCID: PMC2525968 DOI: 10.1261/rna.1152808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
DAZAP1 (Deleted in Azoospermia Associated Protein 1) is a ubiquitous hnRNP protein that is expressed most abundantly in the testis. Its ability to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and its exclusion from the transcriptionally inactive XY body in pachytene spermatocytes implicate it in mRNA transcription and transport. We generated Dazap1 mutant alleles to study the role of DAZAP1 in mouse development. Most mice homozygous for the null allele as well as a hypomorphic Fn allele died soon after birth. The few Dazap1(Fn/Fn) mice that survived could nonetheless live for more than a year. They appeared and behaved normally but were much smaller in size compared to their wild-type and heterozygous littermates. Both male and female Dazap1(Fn/Fn) mice were sterile. Males had small testes, and the seminiferous tubules were atrophic with increased numbers of apoptotic cells. The tubules contained many germ cells, including pachytene spermatocytes with visible XY-bodies and diplotene spermatocytes, but no post-meiotic cells. FACS analyses confirmed the absence of haploid germ cells, indicating spermatogenesis arrested right before the meiotic division. Female Dazap1(Fn/Fn) mice had small ovaries that contained normal-appearing follicles, yet their pregnancy produced no progeny due to failure in embryonic development. The phenotypes of Dazap1 mutant mice indicate that DAZAP1 is not only essential for spermatogenesis, but also required for the normal growth and development of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Chia-Ling Hsu
- 1Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
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Abstract
AbstractMef2c is a MADS (MCM1-agamous–deficient serum response factor) transcription factor best known for its role in muscle and cardiovascular development. A causal role of up-regulated MEF2C expression in myelomonocytic acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has recently been demonstrated. Due to the pronounced monocytic component observed in Mef2c-induced AML, this study was designed to assess the importance of Mef2c in normal myeloid differentiation. Analysis of bone marrow (BM) cells manipulated to constitutively express Mef2c demonstrated increased monopoiesis at the expense of granulopoiesis, whereas BM isolated from Mef2cΔ/− mice showed reduced levels of monocytic differentiation in response to cytokines. Mechanistic studies showed that loss of Mef2c expression correlated with reduced levels of transcripts encoding c-Jun, but not PU.1, C/EBPα, or JunB transcription factors. Inhibiting Jun expression by short-interfering RNA impaired Mef2c-mediated inhibition of granulocyte development. Moreover, retroviral expression of c-Jun in BM cells promoted monocytic differentiation. The ability of Mef2c to modulate cell-fate decisions between monocyte and granulocyte differentiation, coupled with its functional sensitivity to extracellular stimuli, demonstrate an important role in immunity—and, consistent with findings of other myeloid transcription factors, a target of oncogenic lesions in AML.
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Contributions of the Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR and Jak/STAT pathways to leukemia. Leukemia 2008; 22:686-707. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Shann YJ, Cheng C, Chiao CH, Chen DT, Li PH, Hsu MT. Genome-wide mapping and characterization of hypomethylated sites in human tissues and breast cancer cell lines. Genome Res 2008; 18:791-801. [PMID: 18256232 DOI: 10.1101/gr.070961.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a method for mapping unmethylated sites in the human genome based on the resistance of TspRI-digested ends to ExoIII nuclease degradation. Digestion with TspRI and methylation-sensitive restriction endonuclease HpaII, followed by ExoIII and single-strand DNA nuclease allowed removal of DNA fragments containing unmethylated HpaII sites. We then used array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to map the sequences depleted by these procedures in human genomes derived from five human tissues, a primary breast tumor, and two breast tumor cell lines. Analysis of methylation patterns of the normal tissue genomes indicates that the hypomethylated sites are enriched in the 5' end of widely expressed genes, including promoter, first exon, and first intron. In contrast, genomes of the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines show extensive hypomethylation in the intragenic and intergenic regions whereas the primary tumor exhibits a pattern between those of the normal tissue and the cell lines. A striking characteristic of tumor cell lines is the presence of megabase-sized hypomethylated zones. These hypomethylated zones are associated with large genes, fragile sites, evolutionary breakpoints, chromosomal rearrangement breakpoints, tumor suppressor genes, and with regions containing tissue-specific gene clusters or with gene-poor regions containing novel tissue-specific genes. Correlation with microarray analysis shows that genes with a hypomethylated sequence 2 kb up- or downstream of the transcription start site are highly expressed, whereas genes with extensive intragenic and 3' untranslated region (UTR) hypomethylation are silenced. The method described herein can be used for large-scale screening of changes in the methylation pattern in the genome of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Jyh Shann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Nagel S, Meyer C, Quentmeier H, Kaufmann M, Drexler HG, MacLeod RAF. MEF2C is activated by multiple mechanisms in a subset of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. Leukemia 2007; 22:600-7. [PMID: 18079734 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2405067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) the cardiac homeobox gene NKX2-5 (at 5q35) is variously deregulated by regulatory elements coordinating with BCL11B (at 14q32.2), or the T-cell receptor gene TRD (at 14q11.2), respectively. NKX2-5 is normally expressed in developing spleen and heart, regulating fundamental processes, including differentiation and survival. In this study we investigated whether NKX2-5 expression in T-ALL cell lines reactivates these embryonal pathways contributing to leukemogenesis. Among 18 known targets analyzed, we identified three genes regulated by NKX2-5 in T-ALL cells, including myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C). Knockdown and overexpression assays confirmed MEF2C activation by NKX2-5 at both the RNA and protein levels. Direct interactions between NKX2-5 and GATA3 as indicated by co-immunoprecipitation data may contribute to MEF2C regulation. In T-ALL cell lines LOUCY and RPMI-8402 MEF2C expression was correlated with a 5q14 deletion, encompassing noncoding proximal gene regions. Fusion constructs with green fluorescent protein permitted subcellular detection of MEF2C protein in nuclear speckles interpretable as repression complexes. MEF2C consistently inhibits expression of NR4A1/NUR77, which regulates apoptosis via BCL2 transformation. Taken together, our data identify distinct mechanisms underlying ectopic MEF2C expression in T-ALL, either as a downstream target of NKX2-5, or via chromosomal aberrations deleting proximal gene regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nagel
- Human and Animal Cell Cultures, DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Barber KE, Harrison CJ, Broadfield ZJ, Stewart ARM, Wright SL, Martineau M, Strefford JC, Moorman AV. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of TCF3 (E2A)/19p13.3 rearrangements in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2007; 46:478-86. [PMID: 17311319 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The t(1;19)(q23;p13.3) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) and usually gives rise to the TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene. Additional rare, and sometimes cytogenetically cryptic, translocations involving the TCF3 gene have also been described. Using a dual color split-signal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe, we have investigated the involvement of this gene in a series of BCP-ALLs harboring 19p13 translocations, as well as an unselected patient cohort. The TCF3 gene was shown to be involved in the majority of cases with a cytogenetically visible t(1;19) translocation, while the remaining TCF3-negative ALLs demonstrated breakpoint heterogeneity. Although most "other" 19p13 translocations did not produce a split-signal FISH pattern, a novel t(13;19)(q14;p13) involving TCF3 was discovered. A prospective screen of 161 children with BCP-ALL revealed a cryptic t(12;19)(p13;p13), another novel TCF3 rearrangement, and a series of patients with submicroscopic deletions of TCF3. These results demonstrate the utility of a split-signal FISH strategy in confirming the involvement of the TCF3 gene in 19p13 rearrangements and in identifying novel and cryptic TCF3 translocations. In addition to its role as a fusion partner gene, we propose that TCF3 can also act as a tumor suppressor gene in BCP-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry E Barber
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Cancer Sciences Division, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Prima V, Hunger SP. Cooperative transformation by MEF2D/DAZAP1 and DAZAP1/MEF2D fusion proteins generated by the variant t(1;19) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2007; 21:2470-5. [PMID: 17898785 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A variant t(1;19)(q23;p13.3) translocation creates reciprocal DAZAP1/MEF2D and MEF2D/DAZAP1 fusion genes that are expressed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We used retroviral gene transfer to ectopically express wild-type and chimeric DAZAP1 and MEF2D fusion proteins in NIH 3T3 cells. In soft agar assays, each of the fusion proteins transformed 3T3 cells with a 20-fold increase in colony formation as compared to empty vector or native MEF2D or DAZAP1 proteins. Co-expression of both DAZAP1/MEF2D and MEF2D/DAZAP1 led to a threefold increase in colony formation as compared to either fusion protein alone. Expression of wild-type DAZAP1, MEF2D or DAZAP1/MEF2D allowed 3T3 cells to proliferate under low serum (0.5%) conditions and suppressed apoptosis. In contrast, MEF2D/DAZAP1 expression did not facilitate proliferation in low serum and led to a modest increase in apoptosis. Both MEF2D/DAZAP1 and DAZAP1/MEF2D have oncogenic properties, and co-expression of both fusion proteins is synergistic.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Shape
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/ultrastructure
- Culture Media, Serum-Free/pharmacology
- Humans
- MADS Domain Proteins/genetics
- MEF2 Transcription Factors
- Mice
- Myogenic Regulatory Factors/genetics
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/biosynthesis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/physiology
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Transduction, Genetic
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tumor Stem Cell Assay
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Affiliation(s)
- V Prima
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610-3633, USA.
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Abstract
In the last decade, the identification of enzymes that regulate acetylation of histones and nonhistone proteins has revealed the key role of dynamic acetylation and deacetylation in various cellular processes. Mammalian histone deacetylases (HDACs), which catalyse the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues, are grouped into three classes, on the basis of similarity to yeast counterparts. An abundance of experimental evidence has established class IIa HDACs as crucial transcriptional regulators of various developmental and differentiation processes. In the past 5 years, a tremendous effort has been dedicated to characterizing the regulation of these enzymes. In this review, we summarize the latest discoveries in the field and discuss the molecular and structural determinants of class IIa HDACs regulation. Finally, we emphasize that comprehension of the mechanisms underlying class IIa HDAC functions is essential for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martin
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Unit, FUSAGx, Gembloux, Belgium
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Paulsson K, Jonson T, Ora I, Olofsson T, Panagopoulos I, Johansson B. Characterisation of genomic translocation breakpoints and identification of an alternative TCF3/PBX1 fusion transcript in t(1;19)(q23;p13)-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemias. Br J Haematol 2007; 138:196-201. [PMID: 17593026 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The t(1;19)(q23;p13), one of the most common translocations in childhood and adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (ALLs), usually results in fusion of exons 1-16 of TCF3 (previously E2A) and exons 3-9 of PBX1. However, some t(1;19)-positive ALLs are negative for this chimaera. We here report an alternative TCF3/PBX1 transcript, fusing exon 17 of TCF3 with exon 5 of PBX1, in a paediatric t(1;19)-positive ALL. The different breakpoints made this hybrid undetectable by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using standard TCF3 and PBX1 primers. Hence, ALLs with t(1;19) that test negative for TCF3/PBX1 should be analysed further before excluding this alternative fusion. Furthermore, we have characterised the genomic translocation breakpoints in eight TCF3/PBX1-positive ALLs; four cases with a balanced t(1;19) and four with an unbalanced der(19)t(1;19). It has previously been suggested that the breakpoints are clustered, particularly in TCF3, and that N-nucleotides are frequently present in the fusion junctions. Three of seven investigated TCF3 intron 16 breakpoints were within the previously described 14 base pair-cluster, and all but two junctions harboured N-nucleotides. The PBX1 breakpoints were more dispersed, although still clustered in two regions. This confirms that most t(1;19) rearrangements may arise by a combination of illegitimate V(D)J recombination and non-homologous end joining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajsa Paulsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Grégoire S, Tremblay AM, Xiao L, Yang Q, Ma K, Nie J, Mao Z, Wu Z, Giguère V, Yang XJ. Control of MEF2 Transcriptional Activity by Coordinated Phosphorylation and Sumoylation. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:4423-33. [PMID: 16356933 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m509471200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A eukaryotic protein is often subject to regulation by multiple modifications like phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation. How these modifications are coordinated in vivo is an important issue that is poorly understood but is relevant to many biological processes. We recently showed that human MEF2D (myocyte enhancer factor 2D) is sumoylated on Lys-439. Adjacent to the sumoylation motif is Ser-444, which like Lys-439 is highly conserved among MEF2 proteins from diverse species. Here we present [corrected] several lines of evidence to demonstrate that Ser-444 of MEF2D is required for sumoylation of Lys-439. Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) stimulated this modification by acting through Ser-444. In addition, phosphorylation of Ser-444 by Cdk5, a cyclin-dependent kinase known to inhibit MEF2 transcriptional activity, stimulated sumoylation. Opposing the actions of HDAC4 and Cdk5, calcineurin (also known as protein phosphatase 2B) dephosphorylated Ser-444 and inhibited sumoylation of Lys-439. This phosphatase, however, exerted minimal effects on the phosphorylation catalyzed by ERK5, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase known to activate MEF2D. These results identify [corrected] an essential role for Ser-444 in MEF2D sumoylation and reveal [corrected] a novel mechanism by which calcineurin selectively "edits" phosphorylation at different sites, thereby reiterating that interplay between different modifications represents a general mechanism for coordinated regulation of eukaryotic protein functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Grégoire
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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