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Mérour JY, Buron F, Plé K, Bonnet P, Routier S. The azaindole framework in the design of kinase inhibitors. Molecules 2014; 19:19935-79. [PMID: 25460315 PMCID: PMC6271083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191219935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article illustrates the growing use of azaindole derivatives as kinase inhibitors and their contribution to drug discovery and innovation. The different protein kinases which have served as targets and the known molecules which have emerged from medicinal chemistry and Fragment-Based Drug Discovery (FBDD) programs are presented. The various synthetic routes used to access these compounds and the chemical pathways leading to their synthesis are also discussed. An analysis of their mode of binding based on X-ray crystallography data gives structural insights for the design of more potent and selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Mérour
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Orléans F-45067, France.
| | - Frédéric Buron
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Orléans F-45067, France.
| | - Karen Plé
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Orléans F-45067, France.
| | - Pascal Bonnet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Orléans F-45067, France.
| | - Sylvain Routier
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Orléans F-45067, France.
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Chinnasamy S, Chinnasamy S, Nagamani S, Muthusamy K. Identification of potent inhibitors against snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP) using molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2014; 33:1516-27. [PMID: 25192471 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.963146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP) (Echis coloratus (Carpet viper) is a multifunctional enzyme that is involved in producing several symptoms that follow a snakebite, such as severe local hemorrhage, nervous system effects and tissue necrosis. Because the three-dimensional (3D) structure of SVMP is not known, models were constructed, and the best model was selected based on its stereo-chemical quality. The stability of the modeled protein was analyzed through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. Structure-based virtual screening was performed, and 15 potential molecules with the highest binding energies were selected. Further analysis was carried out with induced fit docking, Prime/MM-GBSA (ΔGBind calculations), quantum-polarized ligand docking, and density functional theory calculations. Further, the stability of the lead molecules in the SVMP-active site was examined using MD simulation. The results showed that the selected lead molecules were highly stable in the active site of SVMP. Hence, these molecules could potentially be selective inhibitors of SVMP. These lead molecules can be experimentally validated, and their backbone structural scaffold could serve as building blocks in designing drug-like molecules for snake antivenom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathishkumar Chinnasamy
- a Department of Bioinformatics , Alagappa University , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu 630004 , India
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3
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Harry BL, Eckhardt SG, Jimeno A. JAK2 inhibition for the treatment of hematologic and solid malignancies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:637-55. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.677432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Harry
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Medical Scientist Training Program, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - S. Gail Eckhardt
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Developmental Therapeutics Program, 12801 E. 17th Avenue, MS 8117, Aurora, CO 80045, USA ;
| | - Antonio Jimeno
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Developmental Therapeutics Program, 12801 E. 17th Avenue, MS 8117, Aurora, CO 80045, USA ;
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4
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Gnanasambandan K, Sayeski PP. A structure-function perspective of Jak2 mutations and implications for alternate drug design strategies: the road not taken. Curr Med Chem 2012; 18:4659-73. [PMID: 21864276 DOI: 10.2174/092986711797379267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Jak2 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that is involved in the control of cellular growth and proliferation. Due to its significant role in hematopoiesis, Jak2 is a frequent target for mutations in cancer, especially myeloid leukemia, lymphoid leukemia and the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). These mutations are common amongst different populations all over the world and there is a great deal of effort to develop therapeutic drugs for the affected patients. Jak2 mutations, whether they are point, deletion, or gene fusion, most commonly result in constitutive kinase activation. Here, we explore the structure-function relation of various Jak2 mutations identified in cancer and understand how they disrupt Jak2 regulation. Current Jak2 inhibitors target the highly conserved active site in the kinase domain and therefore, these inhibitors may lack specificity. Based on our knowledge regarding structure-function correlations as they pertain to regulation of Jak2 kinase activity, an alternative approach for specific Jak2 targeting could be via allosteric inhibitor design. Successful reports of allosteric inhibitors developed against other kinases provide precedent for the development of Jak2 allosteric inhibitors. Here, we suggest plausible target sites in the Jak2 structure for allosteric inhibition. Such targets include the type II inhibitor pocket and substrate binding site in the kinase domain, the kinase-pseudokinase domain interface, SH2-JH2 linker region and the FERM domain. Thus, future Jak2 inhibitors that target these sites via allosteric mechanisms may provide alternative therapeutic strategies to existing ATP competitive inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gnanasambandan
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA
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5
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Jatiani SS, Cosenza SC, Reddy MVR, Ha JH, Baker SJ, Samanta AK, Olnes MJ, Pfannes L, Sloand EM, Arlinghaus RB, Reddy EP. A Non-ATP-Competitive Dual Inhibitor of JAK2 and BCR-ABL Kinases: Elucidation of a Novel Therapeutic Spectrum Based on Substrate Competitive Inhibition. Genes Cancer 2011; 1:331-45. [PMID: 20717479 DOI: 10.1177/1947601910371337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report the discovery of ON044580, an α-benzoyl styryl benzyl sulfide that possesses potent inhibitory activity against two unrelated kinases, JAK2 and BCR-ABL, and exhibits cytotoxicity to human tumor cells derived from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and myelodysplasia (MDS) patients or cells harboring a mutant JAK2 kinase. This novel spectrum of activity is explained by the non-ATP-competitive inhibition of JAK2 and BCR-ABL kinases. ON044580 inhibits mutant JAK2 kinase and the proliferation of JAK2(V617F)-positive leukemic cells and blocks the IL-3-mediated phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT5. Interestingly, this compound also directly inhibits the kinase activity of both wild-type and imatinib-resistant (T315I) forms of the BCR-ABL kinase. Finally, ON044580 effectively induces apoptosis of imatinib-resistant CML patient cells. The apparently unrelated JAK2 and BCR-ABL kinases share a common substrate, STAT5, and such substrate competitive inhibitors represent an alternative therapeutic strategy for development of new inhibitors. The novel mechanism of kinase inhibition exhibited by ON044580 renders it effective against mutant forms of kinases such as the BCR-ABL(T315I) and JAK2(V617F). Importantly, ON044580 selectively reduces the number of aneuploid cells in primary bone marrow samples from monosomy 7 MDS patients, suggesting another regulatory cascade amenable to this agent in these aberrant cells. Data presented suggest that this compound could have multiple therapeutic applications including monosomy 7 MDS, imatinib-resistant CML, and myeloproliferative neoplasms that develop resistance to ATP-competitive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashidhar S Jatiani
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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6
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Pharmacophore filtering and 3D-QSAR in the discovery of new JAK2 inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2011; 30:186-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Harikrishnan LS, Kamau MG, Wan H, Inghrim JA, Zimmermann K, Sang X, Mastalerz HA, Johnson WL, Zhang G, Lombardo LJ, Poss MA, Trainor GL, Tokarski JS, Lorenzi MV, You D, Gottardis MM, Baldwin KF, Lippy J, Nirschl DS, Qiu R, Miller AV, Khan J, Sack JS, Purandare AV. Pyrrolo[1,2-f]triazines as JAK2 inhibitors: achieving potency and selectivity for JAK2 over JAK3. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1425-8. [PMID: 21282055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SAR studies of pyrrolo[1,2-f]triazines as JAK2 inhibitors is presented. Achieving JAK2 inhibition selectively over JAK3 is discussed.
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Pérez B, Kosmider O, Cassinat B, Renneville A, Lachenaud J, Kaltenbach S, Bertrand Y, Baruchel A, Chomienne C, Fontenay M, Preudhomme C, Cavé H. Genetic typing of CBL, ASXL1, RUNX1, TET2 and JAK2 in juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia reveals a genetic profile distinct from chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2010; 151:460-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08393.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Haan C, Behrmann I, Haan S. Perspectives for the use of structural information and chemical genetics to develop inhibitors of Janus kinases. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 14:504-27. [PMID: 20132407 PMCID: PMC3823453 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in the genes encoding Janus kinases have been discovered in various haematologic diseases. Jaks are composed of a FERM domain, an SH2 domain, a pseudokinase domain and a kinase domain, and a complex interplay of the Jak domains is involved in regulation of catalytic activity and association to cytokine receptors. Most activating mutations are found in the pseudokinase domain. Here we present recently discovered mutations in the context of our structural models of the respective domains. We describe two structural hotspots in the pseudokinase domain of Jak2 that seem to be associated either to myeloproliferation or to lymphoblastic leukaemia, pointing at the involvement of distinct signalling complexes in these disease settings. The different domains of Jaks are discussed as potential drug targets. We present currently available inhibitors targeting Jaks and indicate structural differences in the kinase domains of the different Jaks that may be exploited in the development of specific inhibitors. Moreover, we discuss recent chemical genetic approaches which can be applied to Jaks to better understand the role of these kinases in their biological settings and as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Haan
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 162A, av. de la Faïencerie, 1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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Wang T, Ledeboer MW, Duffy JP, Pierce AC, Zuccola HJ, Block E, Shlyakter D, Hogan JK, Bennani YL. A novel chemotype of kinase inhibitors: Discovery of 3,4-ring fused 7-azaindoles and deazapurines as potent JAK2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:153-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 10/31/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Panani AD. Janus kinase 2 mutations in Philadelphia negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders: Clinical implications. Cancer Lett 2009; 284:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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12
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Ohnishi H, Hosoi KI, Yoshino H, Sugiura M, Matsushima S, Watanabe T, Bessho F. A novel JAK2 splicing mutation in neonatal myeloproliferative disorder accompanying congenital anomalies. Br J Haematol 2009; 145:676-8. [PMID: 19344419 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The saga of JAK2 mutations and translocations in hematologic disorders: pathogenesis, diagnostic and therapeutic prospects, and revised World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for myeloproliferative neoplasms. Hum Pathol 2008; 39:795-810. [PMID: 18538168 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
JAK2 is a tyrosine kinase involved in cytokine signaling. The JAK2V617F point mutation, first described in 2005, results in constitutive activation of JAK2 and is now widely used as a diagnostic marker for Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. In recent years, more novel JAK2 mutations and fusion genes have been discovered in myeloproliferative neoplasms and other hematologic malignancies. This review aims to summarize the discovery and use of the JAK2V617F point mutation, other novel JAK2 mutations, and JAK2 translocations in diagnosing myeloproliferative neoplasms, acute myeloid leukemia, and acute lymphoid leukemia. JAK2 mutation testing is addressed, including the sensitivity and specificity of the different JAK2 mutation testing methods, clinical indications for use, and the use of quantitative JAK2 mutation testing for routine pathologic diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring response to therapy. The relationship of JAK2 mutation to endogenous erythroid colony formation, thrombopoietin receptor mutation, polycythemia rubra vera-1 overexpression, and thrombopoietin receptor underexpression in myeloproliferative neoplasms are explored. Also discussed are the JAK2 inhibitors for clinical trials. Finally, the advantages of the newly proposed World Health Organization classification for myeloproliferative neoplasms are reviewed.
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Koike K, Matsuda K. Recent advances in the pathogenesis and management of juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2008; 141:567-75. [PMID: 18422786 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Koike
- Department of Paediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
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Speletas M, Katodritou E, Daiou C, Mandala E, Papadakis E, Kioumi A, Ritis K, Korantzis I. Correlations of JAK2–V617F mutation with clinical and laboratory findings in patients with myeloproliferative disorders. Leuk Res 2007; 31:1053-62. [PMID: 17045648 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Revised: 08/17/2006] [Accepted: 09/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the acquired mutation JAK2-V617F has been described in the majority of patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs). In this study we evaluated its clinical and laboratory correlates in 166 patients with MPDs. The mutation was detected by allele-specific PCR in 119 patients: 81.4% (35/43) of those with polycythemia vera, 69.1% (77/111) of those with essential thrombocythemia and 58.1% (7/12) of those with idiopathic myelofibrosis. The patients carrying the mutation were older (p=0.02) and displayed higher levels of Ht (p<0.01) and Hb (<0.01) and lower erythropoietin levels (p<0.01). Moreover, mutation-positive patients displayed a higher probability of having leucocytosis, splenomegaly and thrombotic events (three-fold, two-fold and two-fold, respectively) than mutation-negative patients. These correlations imply that the JAK2-V617F mutation may be useful for the classification and the management of patients with MPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthaios Speletas
- Hematology Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Periferiaki Odos Thessalonikis, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Hussein K, Bock O, Kreipe H. Histological and Molecular Classification of Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders in the Age of JAK2: Persistence of Old Questions despite New Answers. Pathobiology 2007; 74:72-80. [PMID: 17587878 DOI: 10.1159/000099120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the Janus kinase 2 gain-of-function V617F mutation (JAK2(V617F)) provided a major breakthrough in the understanding of Philadelphia chromosome-negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders (Ph(-) CMPD). Among haematologic neoplasm the mutation appears to be almost specific for Ph(-) CMPD but the different entities comprising polycythaemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythaemia and chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis (CIMF) are not discriminated by the mutation. It is unclear how the diversity with heterogeneous clinical and pathoanatomical presentations comes about. It has been suggested that differences in JAK2(V617F) gene dosage or different degrees to which the haematologic lineages are affected by the mutation could explain the heterogeneity of morphology and prognosis. Indeed the mutation mediates a PV-like phenotype but with regard to myelofibrosis JAK2(V617F) does not appear to be a causative factor. Megakaryocytes are homozygous in the majority of fibrotic CIMF and PV, whereas JAK2(V617F) heterozygosity is predominantly encountered in prefibrotic CIMF and essential thrombocythaemia but transition from hetero- to homozygosity with onset of fibrosis is rare. In conclusion, JAK2(V617F) provides a valuable adjunct to the diagnosis of Ph(-) CMPD, in particular with regard to discrimination from reactive proliferations, but the challenge of correct subtyping and hence prognostication persists for clinicians and bone marrow pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kais Hussein
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Langabeer SE, Ni Ainle F, Conneally E, Lawler M. Incidence and significance of the JAK2 V617F mutation in patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Ir J Med Sci 2007; 176:105-9. [PMID: 17440677 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-007-0026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2006] [Accepted: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chronic myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) are clonal haemopoietic stem cell disorders. AIMS The incidence of JAK2 V617F mutation was sought in a population of patients with MPD. METHODS The JAK2 V617 mutation status was determined in 79 patients with known MPD and 59 patients with features suggestive of MPD. RESULTS The mutation was found in patients with polycythaemia vera, essential thrombocythaemia, idiopathic myelofibrosis and in patients with other chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Eight JAK2 V617F positive cases were identified amongst those patients with features suggestive of MPD. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of the JAK2 V617F mutation in MPD patients is similar to that reported by other groups. The assay confirmed and refined the diagnosis of several patients with features indicative of MPD. We suggest screening for this mutation in all patients with known and suspected MPD as identification is valuable in classification and is a potential target for signal transduction therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Langabeer
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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18
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Panani AD. Cytogenetic and molecular aspects of Philadelphia negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders: clinical implications. Cancer Lett 2007; 255:12-25. [PMID: 17383090 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPD) are clonal disorders of the hematopoietic stem cell. The myeloid lineage shows increased proliferation with effective maturation, while peripheral leukocytosis, thrombocytosis or elevated red blood cell mass are found. In Philadelphia negative CMPD recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities occur, but no specific abnormality has been defined to date. The spectrum of cytogenetic aberrations is heterogeneous ranging from numerical gains and losses to structural changes including unbalanced translocations. The most common chromosomal abnormalities are 20q-, 13q-, 12p-, +8, +9, partial duplication of 1q, balanced translocations involving 8p11 and gains in 9p. Cytogenetic analysis of CMPD by conventional or molecular techniques has an important role in establishing the diagnosis of a malignant disease, adding also more information for disease outcome. Molecular studies may detect the possible role of candidate genes implicated in the neoplastic process, addressing new molecular target therapies. FIP1L1/PDGFRalpha rearrangements, as well as alterations of PDGFRbeta or FGFR1 gene have been found to be associated with specific types of CMPD. Recently, a novel somatic mutation, JAK2V617F, has been reported in most of the polycthemia vera (PV) patients, as well as in a lower percentage in essential thrombocythemia (ET) or idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF) patients. This finding represents the most important advance in understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlined the pathogenesis of CMPD, contributing to the classification and management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna D Panani
- Critical Care Department, Research Unit, Medical School of Athens University, Evangelismos Hospital, Ipsilandou 45-47, Athens, Greece.
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19
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Zecca M, Bergamaschi G, Kratz C, Bergsträsser E, Danesino C, De Filippi P, Hasle H, Lisini D, Locatelli F, Pession A, Sainati L, Starý J, Trebo M, van den Heuvel-Eibrink M, Wójcik D, Niemeyer CM. JAK2 V617F mutation is a rare event in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2006; 21:367-9. [PMID: 17151700 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Litzow MR. Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Disorder Overlap Syndrome: How Should it be Approached? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3816/clk.2006.n.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Steensma DP. JAK2 V617F in myeloid disorders: molecular diagnostic techniques and their clinical utility: a paper from the 2005 William Beaumont Hospital Symposium on Molecular Pathology. J Mol Diagn 2006; 8:397-411; quiz 526. [PMID: 16931578 PMCID: PMC1867618 DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2006.060007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In early 2005, several groups of investigators studying myeloid malignancies described a novel somatic point mutation (V617F) in the conserved autoinhibitory pseudokinase domain of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) protein, which plays an important role in normal hematopoietic growth factor signaling. The V617F mutation is present in blood and marrow from a large proportion of patients with classic BCR/ABL-negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders and of a few patients with other clonal hematological diseases such as myelodysplastic syndrome, atypical myeloproliferative disorders, and acute myeloid leukemia. The JAK2 V617F mutation causes constitutive activation of the kinase, with deregulated intracellular signaling that mimics continuous hematopoietic growth factor stimulation. Within 7 months of the first electronic publication describing this new mutation, clinical molecular diagnostic laboratories in the United States and Europe began offering JAK2 mutation testing on a fee-for-service basis. Here, I review the various techniques used by research groups and clinical laboratories to detect the genetic mutation underlying JAK2 V617F, including fluorescent dye chemistry sequencing, allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, DNA-melting curve analysis, pyrosequencing, and others. I also discuss diagnostic sensitivity, performance, and other practical concerns relevant to the clinical laboratorian in addition to the potential diagnostic utility of JAK2 mutation tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Steensma
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Building West 10, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Szpurka H, Tiu R, Murugesan G, Aboudola S, Hsi ED, Theil KS, Sekeres MA, Maciejewski JP. Refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts associated with marked thrombocytosis (RARS-T), another myeloproliferative condition characterized by JAK2 V617F mutation. Blood 2006; 108:2173-81. [PMID: 16741247 PMCID: PMC1895556 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-02-005751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
JAK2 V617F mutation recently was identified as a pathogenic factor in typical chronic myeloproliferative diseases (CMPD). Some forms of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) show a significant overlap with CMPD (classified as MDS/MPD), but the diagnostic assignment may be challenging. We studied blood or bone marrow from 270 patients with MDS, MDS/MPD, and CMPD for the presence of JAK2 V617F mutation using polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, and melting curve analysis. The detection rate of JAK2 V617F mutants for polycythemia vera, chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis, and essential thrombocythemia (n = 103) was similar to the previously reported results. In typical forms of MDS (n = 89) JAK2 V617F mutation was very rare (n = 2). However, a higher prevalence of this mutation was found in patients with MDS/MPD-U (9 of 35). Within this group, most of the patients harboring JAK2 V617F mutation showed features consistent with the provisional MDS/MPD-U entity refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (RARS-T). Among 9 RARS-T patients, 6 showed the presence of JAK2 V617F mutation, and in 1 patient without mutation, aberrant, positive phospho-STAT5 staining was seen that is typically present in association with JAK2 V617F mutation. In summary, we found that RARS-T reveals a high frequency of JAK2 V617F mutation and likely constitutes another JAK2 mutation-associated form of CMPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrian Szpurka
- Experimental Hematology and Hematopoiesis Section, R40, Taussig Cancer Center R-40, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Park MJ, Shimada A, Asada H, Koike K, Tsuchida M, Hayashi Y. JAK2 mutation in a boy with polycythemia vera, but not in other pediatric hematologic Disorders. Leukemia 2006; 20:1453-4. [PMID: 16710304 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tefferi A, Pardanani A. Mutation screening for JAK2V617F: when to order the test and how to interpret the results. Leuk Res 2006; 30:739-44. [PMID: 16460800 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2005] [Revised: 01/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
With the application of adequately sensitive tests, it is now becoming evident that more than 90% of patients with conventionally-defined polycythemia vera (PV) carry the somatic JAK2V617F mutation in their granulocytes. However, the specific mutation is also found in other classic and atypical myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), albeit at a lesser frequency. In contrast, JAK2V617F has not been reported in patients with either reactive myeloproliferation or lymphoid disorders. Therefore, mutation screening for JAK2V617F can be considered as a myeloid-specific clonality assay and it is diagnostically most useful in the evaluation of "polycythemia".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayalew Tefferi
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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