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Laukkanen S, Veloso A, Yan C, Oksa L, Alpert EJ, Do D, Hyvärinen N, McCarthy K, Adhikari A, Yang Q, Iyer S, Garcia SP, Pello A, Ruokoranta T, Moisio S, Adhikari S, Yoder JA, Gallagher K, Whelton L, Allen JR, Jin AH, Loontiens S, Heinäniemi M, Kelliher M, Heckman CA, Lohi O, Langenau DM. Therapeutic targeting of LCK tyrosine kinase and mTOR signaling in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2022; 140:1891-1906. [PMID: 35544598 PMCID: PMC10082361 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021015106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse and refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) has a poor prognosis, and new combination therapies are sorely needed. Here, we used an ex vivo high-throughput screening platform to identify drug combinations that kill zebrafish T-ALL and then validated top drug combinations for preclinical efficacy in human disease. This work uncovered potent drug synergies between AKT/mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) inhibitors and the general tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib. Importantly, these same drug combinations effectively killed a subset of relapse and dexamethasone-resistant zebrafish T-ALL. Clinical trials are currently underway using the combination of mTORC1 inhibitor temsirolimus and dasatinib in other pediatric cancer indications, leading us to prioritize this therapy for preclinical testing. This combination effectively curbed T-ALL growth in human cell lines and primary human T-ALL and was well tolerated and effective in suppressing leukemia growth in patient-derived xenografts (PDX) grown in mice. Mechanistically, dasatinib inhibited phosphorylation and activation of the lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) to blunt the T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathway, and when complexed with mTORC1 inhibition, induced potent T-ALL cell killing through reducing MCL-1 protein expression. In total, our work uncovered unexpected roles for the LCK kinase and its regulation of downstream TCR signaling in suppressing apoptosis and driving continued leukemia growth. Analysis of a wide array of primary human T-ALLs and PDXs grown in mice suggest that combination of temsirolimus and dasatinib treatment will be efficacious for a large fraction of human T-ALLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Laukkanen
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent, and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alexandra Veloso
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Chuan Yan
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Laura Oksa
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent, and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eric J. Alpert
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel Do
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Noora Hyvärinen
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent, and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Karin McCarthy
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Abhinav Adhikari
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Qiqi Yang
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Sowmya Iyer
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Sara P. Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Annukka Pello
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tanja Ruokoranta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanni Moisio
- The Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sadiksha Adhikari
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jeffrey A. Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, Comparative Medicine Institute, and Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Kayleigh Gallagher
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Lauren Whelton
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - James R. Allen
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Alex H. Jin
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Siebe Loontiens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent and Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Merja Heinäniemi
- The Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Michelle Kelliher
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Caroline A. Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Lohi
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent, and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital, Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - David M. Langenau
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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2
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Rodríguez-Caparrós A, Álvarez-Santiago J, López-Castellanos L, Ruiz-Rodríguez C, Valle-Pastor MJ, López-Ros J, Angulo Ú, Andrés-León E, Suñé C, Hernández-Munain C. Differently Regulated Gene-Specific Activity of Enhancers Located at the Boundary of Subtopologically Associated Domains: TCRα Enhancer. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:910-928. [PMID: 35082160 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Enhancers activate transcription through long-distance interactions with their cognate promoters within a particular subtopologically associated domain (sub-TAD). The TCRα enhancer (Eα) is located at the sub-TAD boundary between the TCRα and DAD1 genes and regulates transcription toward both sides in an ∼1-Mb region. Analysis of Eα activity in transcribing the unrearranged TCRα gene at the 5'-sub-TAD has defined Eα as inactive in CD4-CD8- thymocytes, active in CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, and strongly downregulated in CD4+ and CD8+ thymocytes and αβ T lymphocytes. Despite its strongly reduced activity, Eα is still required for high TCRα transcription and expression of TCRαβ in mouse and human T lymphocytes, requiring collaboration with distant sequences for such functions. Because VαJα rearrangements in T lymphocytes do not induce novel long-range interactions between Eα and other genomic regions that remain in cis after recombination, strong Eα connectivity with the 3'-sub-TAD might prevent reduced transcription of the rearranged TCRα gene. Our analyses of transcriptional enhancer dependence during T cell development and non-T lineage tissues at the 3'-sub-TAD revealed that Eα can activate the transcription of specific genes, even when it is inactive to transcribe the TCRα gene at the 5'-sub-TAD. Hence distinct requirements for Eα function are necessary at specific genes at both sub-TADs, implying that enhancers do not merely function as chromatin loop anchors that nucleate the formation of factor condensates to increase gene transcription initiated at their cognate promoters. The observed different regulated Eα activity for activating specific genes at its flanking sub-TADs may be a general feature for enhancers located at sub-TAD boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Rodríguez-Caparrós
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra-Spanish National Research Council and Health Science Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Álvarez-Santiago
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra-Spanish National Research Council and Health Science Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura López-Castellanos
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra-Spanish National Research Council and Health Science Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Candela Ruiz-Rodríguez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra-Spanish National Research Council and Health Science Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - María Jesús Valle-Pastor
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra-Spanish National Research Council and Health Science Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Jennifer López-Ros
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra-Spanish National Research Council and Health Science Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Úrsula Angulo
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra-Spanish National Research Council and Health Science Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Eduardo Andrés-León
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra-Spanish National Research Council and Health Science Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Suñé
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra-Spanish National Research Council and Health Science Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernández-Munain
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra-Spanish National Research Council and Health Science Technology Park, Granada, Spain
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3
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Chimeric antigen receptor T cells for gamma-delta T cell malignancies. Leukemia 2021; 36:577-579. [PMID: 34389804 PMCID: PMC8807386 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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4
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Paul S, Pearlman AH, Douglass J, Mog BJ, Hsiue EHC, Hwang MS, DiNapoli SR, Konig MF, Brown PA, Wright KM, Sur S, Gabelli SB, Li Y, Ghiaur G, Pardoll DM, Papadopoulos N, Bettegowda C, Kinzler KW, Zhou S, Vogelstein B. TCR β chain-directed bispecific antibodies for the treatment of T cell cancers. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabd3595. [PMID: 33649188 PMCID: PMC8236299 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and bispecific antibodies redirect healthy T cells to kill cancer cells expressing the target antigen. The pan-B cell antigen-targeting immunotherapies have been remarkably successful in treating B cell malignancies. Such therapies also result in the near-complete loss of healthy B cells, but this depletion is well tolerated by patients. Although analogous targeting of pan-T cell markers could, in theory, help control T cell cancers, the concomitant healthy T cell depletion would result in severe and unacceptable immunosuppression. Thus, therapies directed against T cell cancers require more selective targeting. Here, we describe an approach to target T cell cancers through T cell receptor (TCR) antigens. Each T cell, normal or malignant, expresses a unique TCR β chain generated from 1 of 30 TCR β chain variable gene families (TRBV1 to TRBV30). We hypothesized that bispecific antibodies targeting a single TRBV family member expressed in malignant T cells could promote killing of these cancer cells, while preserving healthy T cells that express any of the other 29 possible TRBV family members. We addressed this hypothesis by demonstrating that bispecific antibodies targeting TRBV5-5 (α-V5) or TRBV12 (α-V12) specifically lyse relevant malignant T cell lines and patient-derived T cell leukemias in vitro. Treatment with these antibodies also resulted in major tumor regressions in mouse models of human T cell cancers. This approach provides an off-the-shelf, T cell cancer selective targeting approach that preserves enough healthy T cells to maintain cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Paul
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Ludwig Center and Lustgarten Laboratory, at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Alexander H Pearlman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Ludwig Center and Lustgarten Laboratory, at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jacqueline Douglass
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Ludwig Center and Lustgarten Laboratory, at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Brian J Mog
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Ludwig Center and Lustgarten Laboratory, at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Emily Han-Chung Hsiue
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Ludwig Center and Lustgarten Laboratory, at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Michael S Hwang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Ludwig Center and Lustgarten Laboratory, at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sarah R DiNapoli
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Ludwig Center and Lustgarten Laboratory, at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Maximilian F Konig
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Ludwig Center and Lustgarten Laboratory, at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Patrick A Brown
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Katharine M Wright
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Surojit Sur
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Ludwig Center and Lustgarten Laboratory, at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sandra B Gabelli
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yana Li
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Hematologic Malignancies and Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Nickolas Papadopoulos
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Ludwig Center and Lustgarten Laboratory, at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Ludwig Center and Lustgarten Laboratory, at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kenneth W Kinzler
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Ludwig Center and Lustgarten Laboratory, at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Shibin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Ludwig Center and Lustgarten Laboratory, at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Ludwig Center and Lustgarten Laboratory, at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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5
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The Proteomic Landscape of Resting and Activated CD4+ T Cells Reveal Insights into Cell Differentiation and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010275. [PMID: 33383959 PMCID: PMC7795831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells (T helper cells) are cytokine-producing adaptive immune cells that activate or regulate the responses of various immune cells. The activation and functional status of CD4+ T cells is important for adequate responses to pathogen infections but has also been associated with auto-immune disorders and survival in several cancers. In the current study, we carried out a label-free high-resolution FTMS-based proteomic profiling of resting and T cell receptor-activated (72 h) primary human CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood of healthy donors as well as SUP-T1 cells. We identified 5237 proteins, of which significant alterations in the levels of 1119 proteins were observed between resting and activated CD4+ T cells. In addition to identifying several known T-cell activation-related processes altered expression of several stimulatory/inhibitory immune checkpoint markers between resting and activated CD4+ T cells were observed. Network analysis further revealed several known and novel regulatory hubs of CD4+ T cell activation, including IFNG, IRF1, FOXP3, AURKA, and RIOK2. Comparison of primary CD4+ T cell proteomic profiles with human lymphoblastic cell lines revealed a substantial overlap, while comparison with mouse CD+ T cell data suggested interspecies proteomic differences. The current dataset will serve as a valuable resource to the scientific community to compare and analyze the CD4+ proteome.
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Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator FTY720 attenuates experimental myeloperoxidase-ANCA vasculitis in a T cell-dependent manner. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1475-1489. [PMID: 32538435 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic lysosphingolipid derived from the metabolism of plasma membrane lipids. The interaction between S1P and its ubiquitously expressed G-protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1-5) is crucial in many pathophysiological processes. Emerging evidence suggested a potential role for S1P receptors in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). In the present study, we investigated the effects of three different S1P receptors modulators (FTY720, SEW2871 and TY52156) in a recognized rat model of experimental autoimmune vasculitis (EAV). The effects of treatments were evaluated with clinico-pathological parameters including hematuria, proteinuria, crescent formation, pulmonary hemorrhage, etc. In vitro functional studies were performed in a Jurkat T-cell line following stimulations of serum from myeloperoxidase-AAV patients. We found that only the FTY720 treatment significantly alleviated hematuria and proteinuria, and diminished glomerular crescent formation, renal tubulointerstitial lesions and pulmonary hemorrhage in EAV. The attenuation was accompanied by less renal T-cell infiltration, up-regulated mRNA of S1PR1 and down-regulated IL-1β in kidneys, but not altered circulating ANCA levels, suggesting that the therapeutic effects of FTY720 were B-cell independent. Further in vitro studies demonstrated that FTY720 incubation could significantly inhibit the proliferation, adhesion, and migration, and increase apoptosis of T cells. In conclusion, the S1P modulator FTY720 could attenuate EAV through the reduction and inhibition of T cells, which might become a novel treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis.
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7
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Litjens NHR, Langerak AW, van der List ACJ, Klepper M, de Bie M, Azmani Z, den Dekker AT, Brouwer RWW, Betjes MGH, Van IJcken WFJ. Validation of a Combined Transcriptome and T Cell Receptor Alpha/Beta (TRA/TRB) Repertoire Assay at the Single Cell Level for Paucicellular Samples. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1999. [PMID: 33013853 PMCID: PMC7500136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomics can be combined with TRA and TRB clonotype analysis at the single cell level. The aim of this study was to validate this approach on the ICELL8 Single-Cell system and to evaluate its usefulness to analyse clinical paucicellular samples. For this purpose, we carefully selected T cell lines with defined TRA/TRB clonotypes as well as clinical samples enriched for CD3+ T cells that possess a complex TCR repertoire. Low cell numbers of the different samples were dispensed in a chip on the ICELL8 Single-Cell System. Two sequencing libraries were generated from each single cell cDNA preparation, one for the TRA/TRB repertoire and one for the 5' ends of transcripts, and subsequently sequenced. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the cell lines on average express 2,268 unique genes/cell and T cells of clinical samples 770 unique genes/cell. The expected combined TRA/TRB clonotype was determined for on average 71% of the cells of the cell lines. In the clinical samples the TRA/TRB repertoire was more complex than those of the cell lines. Furthermore, the TRB clonotype distribution of the clinical samples was positively correlated to frequencies of TCRVβ families in CD3+ T cells obtained by a flow cytometry-based approach (Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient 0.81, P = 6.49 * 10-7). Combined analyses showed that transcriptome-based cell type-specific clusters in clinical samples corresponded to clinical features such as CMV status. In conclusion, we showed that the ICELL8 Single-Cell System enabled combined interrogation of both TRA/TRB repertoire and transcriptome of paucicellular clinical samples. This opens the way to study the response of single T cells within heterogeneous samples for both their transcriptome and TRA/TRB clonotypes in disease or upon treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle H R Litjens
- Department of Internal Medicine Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anton W Langerak
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Amy C J van der List
- Department of Internal Medicine Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariska Klepper
- Department of Internal Medicine Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maaike de Bie
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zakia Azmani
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexander T den Dekker
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rutger W W Brouwer
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michiel G H Betjes
- Department of Internal Medicine Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J Van IJcken
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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8
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Looney TJ, Topacio-Hall D, Lowman G, Conroy J, Morrison C, Oh D, Fong L, Zhang L. TCR Convergence in Individuals Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibition for Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2985. [PMID: 31993050 PMCID: PMC6962348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor antigen-driven selection may expand T cells having T cell receptors (TCRs) of shared antigen specificity but different amino acid or nucleotide sequence in a process known as TCR convergence. Substitution sequencing errors introduced by TCRβ (TCRB) repertoire sequencing may create artifacts resembling TCR convergence. Given the anticipated differences in substitution error rates across different next-generation sequencing platforms, the choice of platform could be consequential. To test this, we performed TCRB sequencing on the same peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from individuals with cancer receiving anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-1 using an Illumina-based approach (Sequenta) and an Ion Torrent-based approach (Oncomine TCRB-LR). While both approaches found similar TCR diversity, clonality, and clonal overlap, we found that Illumina-based sequencing resulted in higher TCR convergence than with the Ion Torrent approach. To build upon this initial observation we conducted a systematic comparison of Illumina-based TCRB sequencing assays, including those employing molecular barcodes, with the Oncomine assay, revealing differences in the frequency of convergent events, purportedly artifactual rearrangements, and sensitivity of detection. Finally, we applied the Ion Torrent-based approach to evaluate clonality and convergence in a cohort of individuals receiving anti-CTLA-4 blockade for cancer. We found that clonality and convergence independently predicted response and could be combined to improve the accuracy of a logistic regression classifier. These results demonstrate the importance of the sequencing platform in assessing TCRB convergence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Geoffrey Lowman
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Conroy
- OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, NY, United States.,Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Carl Morrison
- OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, NY, United States.,Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - David Oh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lawrence Fong
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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9
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Ultrasmall silica nanoparticles directly ligate the T cell receptor complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:285-291. [PMID: 31871161 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911360117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of ultrasmall nanoparticles (<10-nm diameter) on the immune system is poorly understood. Recently, ultrasmall silica nanoparticles (USSN), which have gained increasing attention for therapeutic applications, were shown to stimulate T lymphocytes directly and at relatively low-exposure doses. Delineating underlying mechanisms and associated cell signaling will hasten therapeutic translation and is reported herein. Using competitive binding assays and molecular modeling, we established that the T cell receptor (TCR):CD3 complex is required for USSN-induced T cell activation, and that direct receptor complex-particle interactions are permitted both sterically and electrostatically. Activation is not limited to αβ TCR-bearing T cells since those with γδ TCR showed similar responses, implying that USSN mediate their effect by binding to extracellular domains of the flanking CD3 regions of the TCR complex. We confirmed that USSN initiated the signaling pathway immediately downstream of the TCR with rapid phosphorylation of both ζ-chain-associated protein 70 and linker for activation of T cells protein. However, T cell proliferation or IL-2 secretion were only triggered by USSN when costimulatory anti-CD28 or phorbate esters were present, demonstrating that the specific impact of USSN is in initiation of the primary, nuclear factor of activated T cells-pathway signaling from the TCR complex. Hence, we have established that USSN are partial agonists for the TCR complex because of induction of the primary T cell activation signal. Their ability to bind the TCR complex rapidly, and then to dissolve into benign orthosilicic acid, makes them an appealing option for therapies targeted at transient TCR:CD3 receptor binding.
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10
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Verstegen RHJ, Aui PM, Watson E, De Jong S, Bartol SJW, Bosco JJ, Cameron PU, Stirling RG, de Vries E, van Dongen JJM, van Zelm MC. Quantification of T-Cell and B-Cell Replication History in Aging, Immunodeficiency, and Newborn Screening. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2084. [PMID: 31543882 PMCID: PMC6730487 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) has impacted on human T-cell research, but interpretations on T-cell replication have been limited due to the lack of a genomic coding joint. We here overcome this limitation with multiplex TRG rearrangement quantification (detecting ~0.98 alleles per TCRαβ+ T cell) and the HSB-2 cell line with a retrovirally introduced TREC construct. We uncovered <5 cell divisions in naive and >10 cell divisions in effector memory T-cell subsets. Furthermore, we show that TREC dilution with age in healthy adults results mainly from increased T cell replication history. This proliferation was significantly increased in patients with predominantly antibody deficiency. Finally, Guthrie cards of neonates with Down syndrome have fewer T and B cells than controls, with similar T-cell and slightly higher B-cell replication. Thus, combined analysis of TRG coding joints and TREC signal joints can be utilized to quantify in vivo T-cell replication, and has direct applications for research into aging, immunodeficiency, and newborn screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud H J Verstegen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pei M Aui
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eliza Watson
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel De Jong
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sophinus J W Bartol
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Julian J Bosco
- The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul U Cameron
- The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert G Stirling
- The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Esther de Vries
- Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Welfare, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.,Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Jacques J M van Dongen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Menno C van Zelm
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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11
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Chapoval SP, Hritzo M, Qi X, Tamagnone L, Golding A, Keegan AD. Semaphorin 4A Stabilizes Human Regulatory T Cell Phenotype via Plexin B1. Immunohorizons 2019; 3:71-87. [PMID: 31236543 PMCID: PMC6590919 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1800026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that neuroimmune semaphorin (Sema) 4A regulates the severity of experimental allergic asthma and increases regulatory T (Treg) cell numbers in vivo; however, the mechanisms of Sema4A action remain unknown. It was also reported that Sema4A controls murine Treg cell function and survival acting through neuropilin 1 (NRP-1) receptor. To clarify Sema4A action on human T cells, we employed T cell lines (HuT78 and HuT102), human PBMCs, and CD4+ T cells in phenotypic and functional assays. We found that HuT78 demonstrated a T effector-like phenotype (CD4+CD25lowFoxp3-), whereas HuT102 expressed a Treg-like phenotype (CD4+CD25hi Foxp3+). Neither cell line expressed NRP-1. HuT102 cells expressed Sema4A counter receptor Plexin B1, whereas HuT78 cells were Sema4A+. All human peripheral blood CD4+ T cells, including Treg cells, expressed PlexinB1 and lacked both NRP-1 and -2. However, NRP-1 and Sema4A were detected on CD3negativeCD4intermediate human monocytes. Culture of HuT cells with soluble Sema4A led to an upregulation of CD25 and Foxp3 markers on HuT102 cells. Addition of Sema4A increased the relative numbers of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells in PBMCs and CD4+ T cells, which were NRP-1negative but PlexinB1+, suggesting the role of this receptor in Treg cell stability. The inclusion of anti-PlexinB1 blocking Ab in cultures before recombinant Sema4A addition significantly decreased Treg cell numbers as compared with cultures with recombinant Sema4A alone. Sema4A was as effective as TGF-β in inducible Treg cell induction from CD4+CD25depleted cells but did not enhance Treg cell suppressive activity in vitro. These results suggest strategies for the development of new Sema4A-based therapeutic measures to combat allergic inflammatory diseases. ImmunoHorizons, 2019, 3: 71-87.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana P Chapoval
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Program in Oncology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Molly Hritzo
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Xiulan Qi
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, Piedmont Foundation for Cancer Research, Institute of Hospitalization and Scientific Care, University of Torino Medical School, Turin, Italy 10060; and
| | - Amit Golding
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Achsah D Keegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201;
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Program in Oncology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
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12
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Mulder DT, Mahé ER, Dowar M, Hanna Y, Li T, Nguyen LT, Butler MO, Hirano N, Delabie J, Ohashi PS, Pugh TJ. CapTCR-seq: hybrid capture for T-cell receptor repertoire profiling. Blood Adv 2018; 2:3506-3514. [PMID: 30530777 PMCID: PMC6290103 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017014639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature T-cell lymphomas consisting of an expanded clonal population of T cells that possess common rearrangements of the T-cell receptor (TCR) encoding genes can be identified and monitored using molecular methods of T-cell repertoire analysis. We have developed a hybrid-capture method that enriches DNA sequencing libraries for fragments encoding rearranged TCR genes from all 4 loci in a single reaction. We use this method to describe the TCR repertoires of 63 putative lymphoma clinical isolates, 7 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) populations, and a collection of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Dominant Variable (V) and Joining (J) gene pair rearrangements in cancer cells were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and Sanger sequencing; clonality assessment of clinical isolates using BIOMED-2 methods showed agreement for 73% and 77% of samples at the β and γ loci, respectively, whereas β locus V and J allele prevalence in PBMCs were well correlated with results from commercial PCR-based DNA sequencing assays (r 2 = 0.94 with Adaptive ImmunoSEQ, 0.77-0.83 with Invivoscribe LymphoTrack TRB Assay). CapTCR-seq allows for rapid, high-throughput and flexible characterization of dominant clones within TCR repertoire that will facilitate quantitative analysis of patient samples and enhance sensitivity of tumor surveillance over time.
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MESH Headings
- Gene Library
- Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Genetic Loci
- Humans
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Mulder
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Etienne R Mahé
- Division of Hematology, Calgary Laboratory Services and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mark Dowar
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Youstina Hanna
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tiantian Li
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Linh T Nguyen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jan Delabie
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; and
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Tan KT, Ding LW, Sun QY, Lao ZT, Chien W, Ren X, Xiao JF, Loh XY, Xu L, Lill M, Mayakonda A, Lin DC, Yang H, Koeffler HP. Profiling the B/T cell receptor repertoire of lymphocyte derived cell lines. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:940. [PMID: 30285677 PMCID: PMC6167786 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonal VDJ rearrangement of B/T cell receptors (B/TCRs) occurring during B/T lymphocyte development has been used as a marker to track the clonality of B/T cell populations. METHODS We systematically profiled the B/T cell receptor repertoire of 936 cancer cell lines across a variety of cancer types as well as 462 Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) transformed normal B lymphocyte lines using RNA sequencing data. RESULTS Rearranged B/TCRs were readily detected in cell lines derived from lymphocytes, and subclonality or potential biclonality were found in a number of blood cancer cell lines. Clonal BCR/TCR rearrangements were detected in several blast phase CML lines and unexpectedly, one gastric cancer cell line (KE-97), reflecting a lymphoid origin of these cells. Notably, clonality was highly prevalent in EBV transformed B lymphocytes, suggesting either transformation only occurred in a few B cells or those with a growth advantage dominated the transformed population through clonal evolution. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis reveals the complexity and heterogeneity of the BCR/TCR rearrangement repertoire and provides a unique insight into the clonality of lymphocyte derived cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar-Tong Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling-Wen Ding
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Qiao-Yang Sun
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhen-Tang Lao
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenwen Chien
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Xi Ren
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin-Fen Xiao
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Yi Loh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Xu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Lill
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Anand Mayakonda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De-Chen Lin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
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14
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Borlido J, Sakuma S, Raices M, Carrette F, Tinoco R, Bradley LM, D'Angelo MA. Nuclear pore complex-mediated modulation of TCR signaling is required for naïve CD4 + T cell homeostasis. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:594-605. [PMID: 29736031 PMCID: PMC5976539 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are channels connecting the nucleus with the cytoplasm. We report that loss of the tissue-specific NPC component Nup210 causes a severe deficit of naïve CD4+ T cells. Nup210-deficient CD4+ T lymphocytes develop normally but fail to survive in the periphery. The decreased survival results from both an impaired ability to transmit tonic T cell receptor (TCR) signals and increased levels of Fas, which sensitize Nup210-/- naïve CD4+ T cells to Fas-mediated cell death. Mechanistically, Nup210 regulates these processes by modulating the expression of Cav2 (encoding Caveolin-2) and Jun at the nuclear periphery. Whereas the TCR-dependent and CD4+ T cell-specific upregulation of Cav2 is critical for proximal TCR signaling, cJun expression is required for STAT3-dependent repression of Fas. Our results uncover an unexpected role for Nup210 as a cell-intrinsic regulator of TCR signaling and T cell homeostasis and expose NPCs as key players in the adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Borlido
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Sakuma
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marcela Raices
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Florent Carrette
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Roberto Tinoco
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Linda M Bradley
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maximiliano A D'Angelo
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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15
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Kallemeijn MJ, Kavelaars FG, van der Klift MY, Wolvers-Tettero ILM, Valk PJM, van Dongen JJM, Langerak AW. Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis of the Human TCRγδ+ T-Cell Repertoire Reveals Shifts in Vγ- and Vδ-Usage in Memory Populations upon Aging. Front Immunol 2018; 9:448. [PMID: 29559980 PMCID: PMC5845707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological aging remodels the immune system at several levels. This has been documented in particular for the T-cell receptor (TCR)αβ+ T-cell compartment, showing reduced naive T-cell outputs and an accumulation of terminally differentiated clonally expanding effector T-cells, leading to increased proneness to autoimmunity and cancer development at older age. Even though TCRαβ+ and TCRγδ+ T-cells follow similar paths of development involving V(D)J-recombination of TCR genes in the thymus, TCRγδ+ T-cells tend to be more subjected to peripheral rather than central selection. However, the impact of aging in shaping of the peripheral TRG/TRD repertoire remains largely elusive. Next-generation sequencing analysis methods were optimized based on a spike-in method using plasmid vector DNA-samples for accurate TRG/TRD receptor diversity quantification, resulting in optimally defined primer concentrations, annealing temperatures and cycle numbers. Next, TRG/TRD repertoire diversity was evaluated during TCRγδ+ T-cell ontogeny, showing a broad, diverse repertoire in thymic and cord blood samples with Gaussian CDR3-length distributions, in contrast to the more skewed repertoire in mature circulating TCRγδ+ T-cells in adult peripheral blood. During aging the naive repertoire maintained its diversity with Gaussian CDR3-length distributions, while in the central and effector memory populations a clear shift from young (Vγ9/Vδ2 dominance) to elderly (Vγ2/Vδ1 dominance) was observed. Together with less clear Gaussian CDR3-length distributions, this would be highly suggestive of differentially heavily selected repertoires. Despite the apparent age-related shift from Vγ9/Vδ2 to Vγ2/Vδ1, no clear aging effect was observed on the Vδ2 invariant T nucleotide and canonical Vγ9-Jγ1.2 selection determinants. A more detailed look into the healthy TRG/TRD repertoire revealed known cytomegalovirus-specific TRG/TRD clonotypes in a few donors, albeit without a significant aging-effect, while Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific clonotypes were absent. Notably, in effector subsets of elderly individuals, we could identify reported TRG and TRD receptor chains from TCRγδ+ T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia proliferations, which typically present in the elderly population. Collectively, our results point to relatively subtle age-related changes in the human TRG/TRD repertoire, with a clear shift in Vγ/Vδ usage in memory cells upon aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine J Kallemeijn
- Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - François G Kavelaars
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michèle Y van der Klift
- Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid L M Wolvers-Tettero
- Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter J M Valk
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jacques J M van Dongen
- Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anton W Langerak
- Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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16
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Shir A, Klein S, Sagiv-Barfi I, Geiger T, Zigler M, Langut Y, Edinger N, Levitzki A. S101, an Inhibitor of Proliferating T Cells, Rescues Mice From Superantigen-Induced Shock. J Infect Dis 2018; 217:288-297. [PMID: 29149330 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Superantigens (SAgs) are extremely potent bacterial toxins, which evoke a virulent immune response, inducing nonspecific T-cell proliferation, rapid cytokine release, and lethal toxic shock, for which there is no effective treatment. We previously developed a small molecule, S101, which potently inhibits proliferating T cells. In a severe mouse model of toxic shock, a single injection of S101 given together with superantigen challenge rescued 100% of the mice. Even when given 2 hours after challenge, S101 rescued 40% of the mice. S101 targets the T-cell receptor, inflammatory response, and actin cytoskeleton pathways. S101 inhibits the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, a ligand-activated transcription factor that is involved in the differentiation of T-helper cells, especially Th17, and regulatory T cells. Our results provide the rationale for developing S101 to treat superantigen-induced toxic shock and other pathologies characterized by T-cell activation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Shir
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Israel
| | - Shoshana Klein
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Israel
| | - Idit Sagiv-Barfi
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Israel
| | - Tamar Geiger
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Maya Zigler
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Israel
| | - Yael Langut
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Israel
| | - Nufar Edinger
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Israel
| | - Alexander Levitzki
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Israel
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17
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Palchetti S, Pozzi D, Marchini C, Amici A, Andreani C, Bartolacci C, Digiacomo L, Gambini V, Cardarelli F, Di Rienzo C, Peruzzi G, Amenitsch H, Palermo R, Screpanti I, Caracciolo G. Manipulation of lipoplex concentration at the cell surface boosts transfection efficiency in hard-to-transfect cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:681-691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Rovito R, Korndewal MJ, van Zelm MC, Ziagkos D, Wessels E, van der Burg M, Kroes ACM, Langerak AW, Vossen ACTM. T and B Cell Markers in Dried Blood Spots of Neonates with Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: B Cell Numbers at Birth Are Associated with Long-Term Outcomes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:102-109. [PMID: 27903736 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Congenital CMV infection (cCMV) is the most common congenital infection that can cause long-term impairment (LTI). The pathogenesis of LTI is not completely understood. Fetal immunity may play a role in controlling the infection and preventing LTI, although immune activation may also contribute to fetal immunopathology. In this study, we analyzed various molecular markers of T and B cell numbers in neonatal dried blood spots of 99 children with cCMV and 54 children without cCMV: δRec-ψJα signal joints on TCR excision circles, intron recombination signal sequence k-deleting element signal joints on Igκ-deleting recombination excision circles, genomic intron recombination signal sequence k-deleting element coding joint, genomic Vδ1-Jδ1, and Vδ2-Jδ1 rearrangements. Of this cohort, clinical symptoms at birth and LTI at 6 y of age were recorded. Neonates with cCMV had fewer TCR excision circles in their blood than non-infected controls. Furthermore, cCMV infection was associated with increased numbers of γδ T cells and B cells, and these numbers were positively correlated with CMV viral load in the dried blood spots. Infected children with a better long-term outcome had higher numbers of B cells at birth than those who developed LTI; no difference in B cell replication was observed. The potential protective role of B cells in controlling cCMV-related disease and the clinical value of this marker as a predictor of long-term outcome merit further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rovito
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands;
| | - Marjolein J Korndewal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.,Centre for Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology and Surveillance, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Menno C van Zelm
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Dimitrios Ziagkos
- Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Els Wessels
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aloys C M Kroes
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anton W Langerak
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ann C T M Vossen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
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19
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Minervina AA, Komkov AY, Mamedov IZ, Lebedev YB. Advanced lymphoblastic clones detection in T-cell leukemia. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2016; 467:85-8. [PMID: 27193704 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672916020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm of the lymphocyte precursors that suffered malignant transformation arresting the lymphoid cell differentiation. Clinical studies revealed monoor, more rarely, oligoclonal nature of the disease. A precise identification of malignant clone markers is both the crucial stage of early diagnostics and the essential prognostic factor for therapeutic treatment. Here we present an improved system for unbiased detection of lymphoblastic clones in bone marrow aspirates of T-ALL patients. The system based on multiplex PCR of rearranged T-cell receptor locus (TRB) and straightforward sequencing of the resulted PCR fragments. Testing of the system on genomic DNA from Jurkat cell line and four clinical bone marrow aspirates revealed a set of unique TRB rearrangements that precisely characterize each of tested samples. Therefore, the outcome of the system produces highly informative molecular genetic markers for further monitoring of minimal residual disease in T-ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Minervina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - A Y Komkov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - I Z Mamedov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Y B Lebedev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
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20
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Howie B, Sherwood AM, Berkebile AD, Berka J, Emerson RO, Williamson DW, Kirsch I, Vignali M, Rieder MJ, Carlson CS, Robins HS. High-throughput pairing of T cell receptor α and β sequences. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:301ra131. [PMID: 26290413 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac5624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The T cell receptor (TCR) protein is a heterodimer composed of an α chain and a β chain. TCR genes undergo somatic DNA rearrangements to generate the diversity of T cell binding specificities needed for effective immunity. Recently, high-throughput immunosequencing methods have been developed to profile the TCR α (TCRA) and TCR β (TCRB) repertoires. However, these methods cannot determine which TCRA and TCRB chains combine to form a specific TCR, which is essential for many functional and therapeutic applications. We describe and validate a method called pairSEQ, which can leverage the diversity of TCR sequences to accurately pair hundreds of thousands of TCRA and TCRB sequences in a single experiment. Our TCR pairing method uses standard laboratory consumables and equipment without the need for single-cell technologies. We show that pairSEQ can be applied to T cells from both blood and solid tissues, such as tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Howie
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | | | | | - Jan Berka
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | | | | | - Ilan Kirsch
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | | | | | | | - Harlan S Robins
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA 98102, USA. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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21
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Cayuela JM, Mauté C, Fabre AL, Nibourel O, Dulucq S, Delabesse E, Villarèse P, Hayette S, Mozziconacci MJ, Macintyre E. A novel method for room temperature distribution and conservation of RNA and DNA reference materials for guaranteeing performance of molecular diagnostics in onco-hematology: A GBMHM study. Clin Biochem 2015; 48:982-7. [PMID: 25872147 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Performance of methods used for molecular diagnostics must be closely controlled by regular analysis of internal quality controls. However, conditioning, shipping and long lasting storage of nucleic acid controls remain problematic. Therefore, we evaluated the minicapsule-based innovative process developed by Imagene (Evry, France) for implementing DNA and RNA controls designed for clonality assessment of lymphoproliferations and BCR-ABL1 mRNA quantification, respectively. DESIGN & METHODS DNA samples were extracted from 12 cell lines selected for giving specific amplifications with most BIOMED-2 PCR tubes. RNA samples were extracted from 8 cell line mixtures expressing various BCR-ABL1 transcript levels. DNA and RNA were encapsulated by Imagene and shipped at room temperature to participating laboratories. Biologists were asked to report quality data of recovered nucleic acids as well as PCR results. RESULTS Encapsulated nucleic acids samples were easily and efficiently recovered from minicapsules. The expected rearrangements at immunoglobulin, T-cell receptor and BCL2 loci were detected in DNA samples by all laboratories. Quality of RNA was consistent between laboratories and met the criteria requested for quantification of BCR-ABL1 transcripts. Expression levels measured by the 5 laboratories were within ±2 fold interval from the corresponding pre-encapsulation reference value. Moreover aging studies of encapsulated RNA simulating up to 100 years storage at room temperature show no bias in quantitative outcome. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, Imagene minicapsules are suitable for storage and distribution at room temperature of genetic material designed for proficiency control of molecular diagnostic methods based on end point or real-time quantitative PCR.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA/analysis
- DNA/metabolism
- DNA/standards
- Feasibility Studies
- France
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/blood
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Genetic Testing/standards
- Hematology/methods
- Humans
- Laboratory Proficiency Testing
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/blood
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/diagnosis
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Medical Oncology/methods
- Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/standards
- Pilot Projects
- Plasma/chemistry
- Quality Control
- RNA/analysis
- RNA/metabolism
- RNA/standards
- RNA Stability
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reference Standards
- Temperature
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Cayuela
- Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France; EA3518, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
| | - Carole Mauté
- Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Eric Delabesse
- Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Villarèse
- Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital Necker-Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Macintyre
- Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital Necker-Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
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22
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Gazzola A, Mannu C, Rossi M, Laginestra MA, Sapienza MR, Fuligni F, Etebari M, Melle F, Sabattini E, Agostinelli C, Bacci F, Sagramoso Sacchetti CA, Pileri SA, Piccaluga PP. The evolution of clonality testing in the diagnosis and monitoring of hematological malignancies. Ther Adv Hematol 2014; 5:35-47. [PMID: 24688753 PMCID: PMC3949299 DOI: 10.1177/2040620713519729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, distinguishing between benign and malignant lymphoid proliferations is based on a combination of clinical characteristics, cyto/histomorphology, immunophenotype and the identification of well-defined chromosomal aberrations. However, such diagnoses remain challenging in 10-15% of cases of lymphoproliferative disorders, and clonality assessments are often required to confirm diagnostic suspicions. In recent years, the development of new techniques for clonality detection has allowed researchers to better characterize, classify and monitor hematological neoplasms. In the past, clonality was primarily studied by performing Southern blotting analyses to characterize rearrangements in segments of the IG and TCR genes. Currently, the most commonly used method in the clinical molecular diagnostic laboratory is polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is an extremely sensitive technique for detecting nucleic acids. This technique is rapid, accurate, specific, and sensitive, and it can be used to analyze small biopsies as well as formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. These advantages make PCR-based approaches the current gold standard for IG/TCR clonality testing. Since the completion of the first human genome sequence, there has been a rapid development of technologies to facilitate high-throughput sequencing of DNA. These techniques have been applied to the deep characterization and classification of various diseases, patient stratification, and the monitoring of minimal residual disease. Furthermore, these novel approaches have the potential to significantly improve the sensitivity and cost of clonality assays and post-treatment monitoring of B- and T-cell malignancies. However, more studies will be required to demonstrate the utility, sensitivity, and benefits of these methods in order to warrant their adoption into clinical practice. In this review, recent developments in clonality testing are examined with an emphasis on highly sensitive systems for improving diagnostic workups and minimal residual disease assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gazzola
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University Medical School, Unit of Hematopathology, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Mannu
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University Medical School, Unit of Hematopathology, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maura Rossi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University Medical School, Unit of Hematopathology, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Antonella Laginestra
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University Medical School, Unit of Hematopathology, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Sapienza
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University Medical School, Unit of Hematopathology, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Fuligni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University Medical School, Unit of Hematopathology, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maryam Etebari
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University Medical School, Unit of Hematopathology, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Melle
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University Medical School, Unit of Hematopathology, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Sabattini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University Medical School, Unit of Hematopathology, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Agostinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University Medical School, Unit of Hematopathology, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Bacci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University Medical School, Unit of Hematopathology, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Sagramoso Sacchetti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University Medical School, Unit of Hematopathology, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Aldo Pileri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University Medical School, Unit of Hematopathology, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Piccaluga
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University Medical School, Unit of Hematopathology, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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23
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van der Weerd K, Dik WA, Schrijver B, Bogers AJJC, Maat APWM, van Nederveen FH, van Hagen PM, van Dongen JJM, Langerak AW, Staal FJT. Combined TCRG and TCRA TREC analysis reveals increased peripheral T-lymphocyte but constant intra-thymic proliferative history upon ageing. Mol Immunol 2012; 53:302-12. [PMID: 23000520 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity, thymic output, clonal size and peripheral T-lymphocyte numbers largely depend on intra-thymic and post-thymic T-lymphocyte proliferation. However, quantitative insight into thymocyte and T-lymphocyte proliferation is still lacking. We developed a new TCRG-based TCR excision circle (TREC) assay, the Vγ-Jγ TREC assay, which we used together with an adjusted δREC-ψJα TREC assay to quantify the proliferative history of human thymocyte and T-lymphocyte subpopulations from children and adults. This revealed that thymocytes undergo ∼6-8 intra-thymic cell divisions from the double negative (DN) 3 developmental stage onwards, which appeared independent of age. Thus thymocyte proliferation after the DN3 developmental stages is stable and therefore not contributing to the reduced thymic output upon ageing. Cord blood naive T lymphocytes had already undergone ∼2-3 post-thymic cell divisions, which increased to ∼6-7 cell divisions in naive T lymphocytes of middle-aged adults, indicating the importance of homeostatic naive T-lymphocyte proliferation from a young age onwards in the maintenance of peripheral T-lymphocyte numbers. In conclusion, our data provide quantitative insight into the proliferative history of thymocyte and T-lymphocyte subpopulations and alterations herein upon ageing. This novel TREC assay approach could prove valuable in immune status monitoring in a variety of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim van der Weerd
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Detection of T-cell receptor gene rearrangement in children with Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis using the BIOMED-2 multiplex polymerase chain reaction combined with GeneScan analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1554-8. [PMID: 21570959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a serious immune disorder. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the most common trigger of secondary HLH. T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement is detectable in half of patients with EBV-associated HLH using Southern blotting and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. However, its clinical significance is unclear. The impact of TCR gene clonality on the outcome of patients with EBV-HLH should be evaluated using more sensitive methods. In this study, we used BIOMED-2 multiplex PCR and GeneScan analysis to evaluate TCR gene rearrangement in childhood EBV-HLH. METHODS Six children with EBV-HLH were enrolled in this study. EBV load in blood was quantified by real-time PCR. TCR gene rearrangement was analyzed by BIOMED-2 multiplex PCR. RESULTS All 6 patients showed monoclonal peaks in TCRβ and/or TCRγ at diagnosis. Serial monitoring of one patient disclosed a change in the rearrangement pattern of the TCR genes in response to immunochemotherapy. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that BIOMED-2 multiplex PCR, a highly sensitive method for detecting T-cell clonality, is useful for predicting the therapeutic response in childhood EBV-HLH.
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25
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Evaluation of T-cell Clonality in Archival Skin Biopsy Samples of Cutaneous T-cell Lymphomas Using the Biomed-2 PCR Protocol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 19:70-7. [DOI: 10.1097/pdm.0b013e3181b2a1b7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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SchüTzinger C, Esterbauer H, Hron G, Skrabs C, Uffmann M, Raderer M, Hauswirth A, Mannhalter C, Dieckmann K, Wagner O, Formanek M, Stift A, Friedl J, Gaiger A, Chott A, Jäger U. Prognostic value of T-cell receptor γ rearrangement in peripheral blood or bone marrow of patients with peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 49:237-46. [DOI: 10.1080/10428190701784409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Groenen PJTA, Langerak AW, van Dongen JJM, van Krieken JHJM. Pitfalls in TCR gene clonality testing: teaching cases. J Hematop 2008; 1:97-109. [PMID: 19669208 PMCID: PMC2713482 DOI: 10.1007/s12308-008-0013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonality testing in T-lymphoproliferations has technically become relatively easy to perform in routine laboratories using standardized multiplex polymerase chain reaction protocols for T-cell receptor (TCR) gene analysis as developed by the BIOMED-2 Concerted Action BMH4-CT98-3936. Expertise with clonality diagnostics and knowledge about the biology of TCR gene recombination are essential for correct interpretation of TCR clonality data. Several immunobiological and technical pitfalls that should be taken into account to avoid misinterpretation of data are addressed in this report. Furthermore, we discuss the need to integrate the molecular data with those from immunohistology, and preferably also flow cytometric immunophenotyping, for appropriate interpretation. Such an interactive, multidisciplinary diagnostic model guarantees integration of available data to reach the most reliable diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia J T A Groenen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 24, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
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29
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Langerak AW, Groenen PJTA, JM van Krieken JH, van Dongen JJM. Immunoglobulin/T-cell receptor clonality diagnostics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 1:451-61. [DOI: 10.1517/17530059.1.4.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Current Awareness in Hematological Oncology. Hematol Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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