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Yi M, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Su N, Liu S. Association between the polymorphism of C861G (rs6296) in the serotonin 1B receptor gene and Tourette syndrome in Han Chinese people. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2017; 9. [PMID: 26123080 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical, neuroimaging and other studies provided evidence that the dysfunction of the serotonin neurotransmitter system were found in Tourette syndrome (TS). This study is to explore the association between the polymorphism of C861G (rs6296) in HTR1B and TS in Han Chinese people. METHODS Two hundred ninety-nine TS patients (260 TS trios and 39 TS patients) and 388 healthy controls were collected. The genotype of HTR1B C861G was detected using Taqman probes. The case-control study and family-based study was used separately to study association between HTR1B C861G and TS in Han Chinese people. RESULTS In case-control study, no statistically significant difference was found in the distribution of HTR1B C861G polymorphism between TS patients and controls (for genotype: χ2 = 3.408, P = 0.182; for allele: χ2 = 0.395, P = 0.530, OR = 0.934, 95%CI: 0.754-1.156). In family-based study, we observed nonsignificant over-transmission of the G861 allele in HTR1B to TS offspring using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), haplotype relative risk (HRR) and haplotype-based HRR (HHRR) (TDT χ2 = 0.410, P = 0.560; HRR = 1.151, χ2 = 0.421, P = 0.517, 95% CI: 0.753-1.759; HHRR = 0.919, χ2 = 0.467, P = 0.495, 95%CI: 0.720-1.172). DISCUSSION Our study suggested that the polymorphism of HTR1B C861G is not a risk factor for TS in Han Chinese population. However, the result should be replicated in larger sample and different population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingji Yi
- Department of Child Health Care, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Child Health Care, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Nailun Su
- Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Women and Children Medical Health Care Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Genetic Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Zayats T, Johansson S, Haavik J. Expanding the toolbox of ADHD genetics. How can we make sense of parent of origin effects in ADHD and related behavioral phenotypes? Behav Brain Funct 2015; 11:33. [PMID: 26475699 PMCID: PMC4609130 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-015-0078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have shown that many different genetic variants cumulatively contribute to the risk of psychiatric disorders. It has also been demonstrated that various parent-of-origin effects (POE) may differentially influence the risk of these disorders. Together, these observations have provided important new possibilities to uncover the genetic underpinnings of such complex phenotypes. As POE so far have received little attention in neuropsychiatric disorders, there is still much progress to be made. Here, we mainly focus on the new and emerging role of POE in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We review the current evidence that POE play an imperative role in vulnerability to ADHD and related disorders. We also discuss how POE can be assessed using statistical genetics tools, expanding the resources of modern psychiatric genetics. We propose that better comprehension and inspection of POE may offer new insight into the molecular basis of ADHD and related phenotypes, as well as the potential for preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Zayats
- Department of Biomedicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Department of Clinical Science, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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Thissen AJAM, Rommelse NNJ, Altink ME, Oosterlaan J, Buitelaar JK. Parent-of-origin effects in ADHD: distinct influences of paternal and maternal ADHD on neuropsychological functioning in offspring. J Atten Disord 2014; 18:521-31. [PMID: 22628139 DOI: 10.1177/1087054712443159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors examined parent-of-origin effects in transmission of ADHD and neuropsychological functioning. Proof of these effects can identify more etiologically homogeneous ADHD subgroups and facilitate genetic studies. METHOD The authors included 238 ADHD and 147 control families. ADHD in children was assessed using parent and teacher ratings, while parents completed self-reports. Children were assessed with neuropsychological paradigms measuring IQ, motor, timing, and executive functions. RESULTS Paternal and maternal ADHD were equally positively related to ADHD in offspring. Paternal ADHD was related to poorer time reproduction in offspring and to lower verbal and total IQ in daughters. Maternal ADHD was related to poorer inhibition and motor control in offspring. No mediating effects of neuropsychological functions were found between parent and offspring ADHD symptoms. CONCLUSION Neuropsychological functions may be more sensitive to parent-of-origin effects than ADHD symptoms and possibly useful in detecting the transmission of different gene-brain network pathways depending on parental sex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nanda N J Rommelse
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marieke E Altink
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center Nijmegen, Netherlands Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Banerjee E, Banerjee D, Chatterjee A, Sinha S, Nandagopal K. Selective maternal inheritance of risk alleles and genetic interaction between serotonin receptor-1B (5-HTR1B) and serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) in ADHD. Psychiatry Res 2012; 200:1083-5. [PMID: 22575343 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wilson D, da Silva Lobo DS, Tavares H, Gentil V, Vallada H. Family-based association analysis of serotonin genes in pathological gambling disorder: evidence of vulnerability risk in the 5HT-2A receptor gene. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 49:550-3. [PMID: 22740152 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pathological gambling (PG) has become a growing public health problem in many countries around the world. PG is an impulse control disorder and its behavior and psychopathology present similarities with substance abuse disorders. Evidence from twin studies supports a significant genetic predisposition to PG, but the precise genetic loci still remain unclear. The present study investigates the allele and genotype distribution of polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter, serotonin receptor 1B and 2A genes in 140 sib-pairs discordant for the diagnosis of PG. A significant association of the C/C genotype of the serotonin receptor 2A T102C (rs 6313) polymorphism and the PG phenotype was observed [OR = 1.7 (1.1-3.4)]. This preliminary result is consistent with the hypothesis that the serotonin system is associated with addiction behavior and similar results have been reported for nicotine and alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wilson
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry (LIM 23), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Rua Dr Ovídio Pires de Campos 785, 05403-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Wang KS, Liu X, Zhang Q, Aragam N, Pan Y. Parent-of-origin effects of FAS and PDLIM1 in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2012; 37:46-52. [PMID: 21651830 PMCID: PMC3244498 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.100173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that there may be a parent-of-origin effect for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) candidate genes. The objective of the present study was to investigate parent-of-origin effects using a genome-wide association analysis of the International Multicentre ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study sample. METHODS Family-based association analysis for ADHD using 846 ADHD probands and their parents was performed using the PLINK program, and parent-of-origin effects were studied using a Z score for the difference in paternal versus maternal odds ratios. RESULTS We identified 44 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showing parent-of-origin effects at a significance level of p < 0.001. The most significant SNP, rs7614907, is at position 3q13.33 in the CDGAP gene (p = 0.000064 for parent-of-origin effect). Furthermore, 2 genes (FAS and PDLIM1) showed moderate parent-of-origin effects (p = 0.00086 for rs9658691 and p = 0.00077 for rs11188249) and strong maternal transmission (p = 0.000059 for rs9658691 and p = 0.0000068 for rs11188249). In addition, ZNF775 showed a moderate parent-of-origin effect (p = 0.00036 for rs7790549) and strong paternal transmission (p = 0.000041 for rs7790549). LIMITATIONS We only had 1 sample available for analysis. CONCLUSION These results suggest several genes or regions with moderate parent-of-origin effects, and these findings will serve as a resource for replication in other populations to elucidate the potential role of these genetic variants in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Sheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70259, Lamb Hall, Johnson City, TN 37614-1700, USA.
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Elia J, Laracy S, Allen J, Nissley-Tsiopinis J, Borgmann-Winter K. Epigenetics: genetics versus life experiences. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2012; 9:317-340. [PMID: 21728139 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2011_144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics is the field of research that examines alterations in gene expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in DNA sequence. ADHD is highly heritable; however, epigenetics are considered relevant in potentially explaining the variance not accounted for by genetic influence. In this chapter, some of the well-known processes of epigenetics, such as chromosome organization, DNA methylation, and effects of transcriptional factors are reviewed along with studies examining the role of these processes in the pathophysiology of ADHD. Potential epigenetic factors conferring risk for ADHD at various developmental stages, such as alcohol, tobacco, toxins, medications, and psychosocial stressor are discussed. Animal studies investigating ADHD medications and changes in CNS Gene/Protein Expression are also explored since they provide insight into the neuronal pathways involved in ADHD pathophysiology. The current limited data suggest that identification of the epigenetic processes involved in ADHD is extremely important and may lead to potential interventions that may be applied to modify the expression of deleterious, as well as protective, genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Elia
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Science Center, 3440 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,
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Archer T, Oscar-Berman M, Blum K. Epigenetics in Developmental Disorder: ADHD and Endophenotypes. JOURNAL OF GENETIC SYNDROMES & GENE THERAPY 2011; 2:1000104. [PMID: 22224195 PMCID: PMC3250517 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7412.1000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with complex interactive operations of genetic and environmental factors, is expressed in a variety of disorder manifestations: severity, co-morbidities of symptoms, and the effects of genes on phenotypes. Neurodevelopmental influences of genomic imprinting have set the stage for the structural-physiological variations that modulate the cognitive, affective, and pathophysiological domains of ADHD. The relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors provide rapidly proliferating insights into the developmental trajectory of the condition, both structurally and functionally. Parent-of-origin effects seem to support the notion that genetic risks for disease process debut often interact with the social environment, i.e., the parental environment in infants and young children. The notion of endophenotypes, markers of an underlying liability to the disorder, may facilitate detection of genetic risks relative to a complex clinical disorder. Simple genetic association has proven insufficient to explain the spectrum of ADHD. At a primary level of analysis, the consideration of epigenetic regulation of brain signalling mechanisms, dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline is examined. Neurotrophic factors that participate in the neurogenesis, survival, and functional maintenance of brain systems, are involved in neuroplasticity alterations underlying brain disorders, and are implicated in the genetic predisposition to ADHD, but not obviously, nor in a simple or straightforward fashion. In the context of intervention, genetic linkage studies of ADHD pharmacological intervention have demonstrated that associations have fitted the "drug response phenotype," rather than the disorder diagnosis. Despite conflicting evidence for the existence, or not, of genetic associations between disorder diagnosis and genes regulating the structure and function of neurotransmitters and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), associations between symptoms-profiles endophenotypes and single nucleotide polymorphisms appear reassuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Box 500, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, and McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Kazantseva A, Gaysina D, Malykh S, Khusnutdinova E. The role of dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) and dopamine D2 receptor/ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (DRD2/ANKK1) gene polymorphisms in personality traits. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:1033-40. [PMID: 21354244 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Variations in personality traits are caused by interactions between multiple genes of small effect and environmental factors. To date, gender- and ethnicity-specific variations in personality have been established. In the present study, we aimed to test: (1) the effects of four polymorphisms of dopamine system genes: ANKK1/DRD2 Taq1A, DRD2 rs6275, SLC6A3 40-bp VNTR and rs27072, on personality traits; (2) whether these effects differ between men and women and between Russians and Tatars. A sample of 652 healthy individuals (222 men and 430 women) of Caucasian origin (233 Russians and 419 Tatars) from Russia was subjected to personality traits assessment with Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and Temperament and Character Inventory-125 (TCI-125). The associations between each personality trait and polymorphisms were assessed with regression models adjusted for gender and ethnicity. There were significant effects of ANKK1/DRD2 Taq1A on Neuroticism (p=0.016) and of SLC6A3 rs27072 on Persistence (p=0.021) in both genders. The association between ANKK1/DRD2 Taq1A A2/A2-genotype and higher Novelty Seeking and lower Reward Dependence was shown in men only (p for gender interaction=0.018). In women only, there was a significant association between SLC6A3 10R*G-haplotype and higher Persistence (p=0.002). Our findings provide evidence for a modifying effect of gender on the associations between dopamine system genes and approach-related traits (in men) and Persistence (in women).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kazantseva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 71, Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450054, Russia.
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10
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Ludwig KU, Roeske D, Herms S, Schumacher J, Warnke A, Plume E, Neuhoff N, Bruder J, Remschmidt H, Schulte-Körne G, Müller-Myhsok B, Nöthen MM, Hoffmann P. Variation in GRIN2B contributes to weak performance in verbal short-term memory in children with dyslexia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:503-511. [PMID: 19591125 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A multi-marker haplotype within GRIN2B, a gene coding for a subunit of the ionotropic glutamate receptor, has recently been found to be associated with variation in human memory performance [de Quervain and Papassotiropoulos, 2006]. The gene locus is located within a region that has been linked to a phonological memory phenotype in a recent genome scan in families with dyslexia [Brkanac et al., 2008]. These findings may indicate the involvement of GRIN2B in memory-related aspects of human cognition. Memory performance is one of the cognitive functions observed to be disordered in dyslexia patients. We therefore investigated whether genetic variation in GRIN2B contributes to specific quantitative measures in a German dyslexia sample by genotyping 66 SNPs in its entire genomic region. We found supportive evidence that markers in intron 3 are associated with short-term memory in dyslexia, and were able to demonstrate that this effect is even stronger when only maternal transmission is considered. These results suggest that variation within GRIN2B may contribute to the genetic background of specific cognitive processes which are correlates of the dyslexia phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin U Ludwig
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Herms
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Warnke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ellen Plume
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nina Neuhoff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer Bruder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Remschmidt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Markus M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Hawi Z, Kent L, Hill M, Anney RJL, Brookes KJ, Barry E, Franke B, Banaschewski T, Buitelaar J, Ebstein R, Miranda A, Oades RD, Roeyers H, Rothenberger A, Sergeant J, Sonuga-Barke E, Steinhausen HC, Faraone SV, Asherson P, Gill M. ADHD and DAT1: further evidence of paternal over-transmission of risk alleles and haplotype. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:97-102. [PMID: 19388000 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We [Hawi et al. (2005); Am J Hum Genet 77:958-965] reported paternal over-transmission of risk alleles in some ADHD-associated genes. This was particularly clear in the case of the DAT1 3'-UTR VNTR. In the current investigation, we analyzed three new sample comprising of 1,248 ADHD nuclear families to examine the allelic over-transmission of DAT1 in ADHD. The IMAGE sample, the largest of the three-replication samples, provides strong support for a parent of origin effect for allele 6 and the 10 repeat allele (intron 8 and 3'-UTR VNTR, respectively) of DAT1. In addition, a similar pattern of over-transmission of paternal risk haplotypes (constructed from the above alleles) was also observed. Some support is also derived from the two smaller samples although neither is independently significant. Although the mechanism driving the paternal over-transmission of the DAT risk alleles is not known, these finding provide further support for this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Hawi
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Discipline of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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12
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Invernizzi P, Gershwin ME. The genetics of human autoimmune disease. J Autoimmun 2009; 33:290-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Anney RJL, Hawi Z, Sheehan K, Mulligan A, Pinto C, Brookes KJ, Xu X, Zhou K, Franke B, Buitelaar J, Vermeulen SH, Banaschewski T, Sonuga-Barke E, Ebstein R, Manor I, Miranda A, Mulas F, Oades RD, Roeyers H, Rommelse N, Rothenberger A, Sergeant J, Steinhausen HC, Taylor E, Thompson M, Asherson P, Faraone SV, Gill M. Parent of origin effects in attention/deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): analysis of data from the international multicenter ADHD genetics (IMAGE) program. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008; 147B:1495-500. [PMID: 18163388 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There are conflicting reports suggesting that the parental origin of transmitted risk alleles may play a role in the etiology of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A recent report by Hawi and colleagues observed a generalized paternal over-transmission of alleles associated with ADHD. This was not replicated in more recent studies. Using data from a large multicenter study we examined the overall and gene-specific parent of origin effect in 554 independent SNPs across 47 genes. Transmission disequilibrium and explicit parent of origin test were performed using PLINK. Overall parent of origin effect was tested by Chi-square. There was no overall parent of origin effect in the IMAGE sample (chi(1)(2) = 1.82, P = 0.117). Five markers in three genes, DDC, TPH2, and SLC6A2 showed nominal association (P < 0.01) with ADHD combined subtype when restricted to maternal or paternal transmission only. Following the initial report by Hawi and co-workers three studies, including this one, found no evidence to support an overall parent of origin effect for markers associated with ADHD. We cannot however, exclude gene-specific parent of origin effect in the etiology ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J L Anney
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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14
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Grudell ABM, Camilleri M, Carlson P, Gorman H, Ryks M, Burton D, Baxter K, Zinsmeister AR. An exploratory study of the association of adrenergic and serotonergic genotype and gastrointestinal motor functions. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2008; 20:213-9. [PMID: 17971028 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.01026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adrenergic and serotonergic mechanisms alter human gut motor functions. Genotype variation influences phenotype. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that variation in genes that control these functions is associated with gastrointestinal (GI) motor functions in humans with functional GI disorders (FGID). A database of 251 people was assembled by combining genotype data with measurements of gut transit and gastric volumes. Genetic variations evaluated were: alpha(2A) adrenergic (C-1291G), alpha(2C) (Del 332-325), 5-HT transporter (SLC6A4) and GNbeta3 (C825T). We sought associations between motor function or disease groups and genotypes, adjusting for age, gender and body mass index. Among 251 participants, 82 were healthy, 20 with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with mixed bowel habit, 49 with constipation-predominant IBS, 67 with diarrhoea-predominant IBS and 33 with functional dyspepsia. For all candidate genes, there was no significant association between motor function and wildtype vs non-wildtype gene status. There were significant interactions between genotype and motility phenotype, specifically GNbeta3 and alpha(2A) and gastric emptying at 4 h. Borderline associations were noted for SCL6A4 and alpha(2A) and postprandial gastric volume, and for alpha(2C) and gastric emptying at 2 h. We conclude that genotype variation may affect gastric motor functions in different FGID phenotypes. However, these candidate genes account for only a limited amount of the variance in gastric function of patients with FGID.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B M Grudell
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Genetic aspects in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2008; 115:305-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-007-0839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Accepted: 10/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Chen CK, Lin SK, Huang MC, Su LW, Hsiao CC, Chiang YL, Ree SC, Chiang SC, Liu HC. Analysis of association of clinical correlates and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism with suicidal behavior among Chinese methamphetamine abusers. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2007; 61:479-86. [PMID: 17875025 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders are familial, and genetic factors explain a substantial degree of their familial aggregation. Methamphetamine (MAP) abusers are commonly noted as having psychosis, depression and suicidal behavior. The goals of the present study were (i) to investigate relations of clinical correlates, such as gender, drug use behavior, psychiatric comorbidity and psychiatry family history, with suicidal behavior among Chinese MAP abusers; and (ii) to investigate whether there is an association between a polymorphism in the promotor region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) and suicidal behavior among Chinese MAP abusers. A total of 439 MAP abusers from a hospital and detention center in Taipei were interviewed with the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Study and the Family Interview for Genetic Study. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was compared between 94 MAP abusers with suicide attempts and 294 MAP abusers without suicide attempts, for whom DNA data were available. The results of the present study indicate that among MAP abusers in Taiwan, suicide attempts were significantly related to female gender, history of MAP-induced psychotic disorder, history of MAP-induced depressive disorder, and family history of psychotic disorders. Among suicide attempters, the attempters with moderate to severe lethality used higher MAP doses than those with minimal to mild lethality. In the present sample the triallelic 5-HTTLPR polymorphism (S, L(G), L(A)) was not associated with MAP-induced depressive disorder, MAP-induced psychotic disorder or suicidal behavior, but studies with larger sample sizes are warranted before excluding the role of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms in suicidal behavior among MAP abusers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ken Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
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Serretti A, Mandelli L, Lorenzi C, Landoni S, Calati R, Insacco C, Cloninger CR. Temperament and character in mood disorders: influence of DRD4, SERTPR, TPH and MAO-A polymorphisms. Neuropsychobiology 2006; 53:9-16. [PMID: 16319504 DOI: 10.1159/000089916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2004] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gene variants exert a complex range of effects on human normal and abnormal behavior. We previously reported the effect of gene variants in serotoninergic and dopaminergic pathways, in a range of clinical features in mood disorders, such as symptomathology, periodicity, social adjustment and treatment response. In this paper we hypothesized that the same gene variants could influence temperamental traits in mood disorders patients. We focused on genes of the serotoninergic and dopaminergic systems (dopamine receptor D4 gene, DRD4; serotonin transporter gene, promoter region SERTPR; tryptophan hydroxylase gene, TPH; monoamine oxidase A gene, MAO-A). Two hundred and seven euthymic subjects, affected by major depressive disorder (n=73) and bipolar disorder (n=134) were assessed by the Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and typed using PCR-based analyses. Possible stratification factors such as demographic, clinical and other temperamental factors were also taken into account. We observed that homozygosity for the short SERTPR allele was associated with low novelty-seeking scores (p=0.006) and genotypes containing the DRD4 long allele were marginally associated with low harm avoidance (p=0.05). Finally, the long MAO-A allele was associated with decreased persistence scores among females (p=0.006). Our observation of a pattern of influence on temperamental dimension exerted by serotonergic and dopaminergic genes suggests that the contribution of these polymorphisms to the clinical presentation of mood disorders could be mediated by an influence on personality differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Psychiatry, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Munafò MR, Clark TG, Roberts KH, Johnstone EC. Neuroticism mediates the association of the serotonin transporter gene with lifetime major depression. Neuropsychobiology 2006; 53:1-8. [PMID: 16319503 DOI: 10.1159/000089915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2004] [Accepted: 07/24/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES An association between a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5HTT-LPR) and the personality trait of neuroticism has been reported. We sought to address the question of whether trait neuroticism mediates the putative association between this polymorphism and lifetime major depression in adults drawn from the general population. METHODS Two hundred and fifty-one participants completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and an adapted version of the depression section of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R diagnosis, modified for implementation by a self-report questionnaire. A path method was applied to assess the mediator effect of neuroticism on the association between 5HTT-LPR genotype and lifetime major depression. RESULTS 5HTT-LPR genotype was significantly associated with both neuroticism (p=0.02) and lifetime major depression (p=0.04), and neuroticism with lifetime major depression (p<0.001). Neuroticism accounted for 42.3% of the effect of 5HTT-LPR genotype on lifetime major depression, indicating possible mediation (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that neuroticism mediates the association between 5HTT-LPR genotype and lifetime major depression, consistent with models of the aetiology of depression which suggest that anxiety-related personality traits represent a substantial risk factor for affective disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus R Munafò
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Camilleri CE, Carlson PJ, Camilleri M, Castillo EJ, Locke GR, Geno DM, Stephens DA, Zinsmeister AR, Urrutia R. A study of candidate genotypes associated with dyspepsia in a U.S. community. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101:581-92. [PMID: 16464220 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of genetic predisposition to the development of dyspepsia is unclear. Recently, a significant association was reported with CC genotype of GNbeta3. AIM To explore the association of candidate genotypes altering adrenergic, serotonergic, CCKergic, and G protein functions, and dyspepsia in a sample from a U.S. community. METHODS Dyspeptics and healthy controls were identified among community respondents who had been randomly selected to complete validated questionnaires. Other diseases were excluded by face-to-face history and physical examination. Polymorphisms of candidate genes for alpha(2A), alpha(2C), 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2C), CCK-1 receptors and CCK promoter, GNbeta3 protein, and SERT-promoter (SERT-P) were studied. The association between polymorphisms and meal-related or meal-unrelated dyspepsia, high somatic symptom scores, and somatization were evaluated using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS DNA was available from 41 dyspeptics and 47 healthy controls from Olmsted County. Community dyspepsia unrelated to meals was associated with both homozygous GNbeta3 protein 825T and C alleles. There were no significant associations with meal-related dyspepsia. Using Rome II subgroups, the same genotype was associated with dysmotility-like and other dyspepsia. Higher somatization scores were not significantly associated with any of the candidate genes when considered as single factors. CONCLUSION Meal-unrelated dyspepsia in a U.S. community study is associated with the homozygous 825T or C alleles of GNbeta3 protein. Candidate genes controlling adrenergic, serotonergic, and CCKergic functions do not appear to be associated with dyspepsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Camilleri
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Chotai J, Serretti A, Lorenzi C. Interaction between the tryptophan hydroxylase gene and the serotonin transporter gene in schizophrenia but not in bipolar or unipolar affective disorders. Neuropsychobiology 2005; 51:3-9. [PMID: 15627807 DOI: 10.1159/000082849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing focus is being given to identify possible combinations of genes related to specific clinical phenotypes. In our sample of 814 patients comprising 114 with schizophrenia, 416 with bipolar affective disorder and 284 with unipolar affective disorder, we studied interactions between the tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR), and the dopamine receptor (DRD4) genes in relation to five major psychiatric symptomatology scores. There was significant interaction between the TPH and the 5-HTTLPR genes. With an increasing number of short (s) alleles of 5-HTTLPR, the scores for delusions, disorganization and negative symptoms were significantly decreasing among subjects having the TPH genotype AA but increasing among subjects having the TPH genotype AC, yielding the highest scores for the combinations AA x ll and AC x ss. Since high scores on just delusions, disorganization and negative symptoms but low scores on excitement and depression were found among subjects with schizophrenia, we conducted comparisons among the three diagnostic categories and controls as regards the combined TPH x 5-HTTLPR genotype distribution. Schizophrenia subjects had a significantly different distribution of the genotype combination for TPH x 5-HTTLPR as compared to 241 controls or to unipolar or bipolar subjects, and had significantly higher frequencies of AA x ll and of AC x ss. Thus, an interaction between TPH and 5-HTTLPR genes constitutes susceptibility to schizophrenia, thereby yielding apparent relationships between the major psychiatric symptomatology scores and genotype combinations in samples that are obtained by pooling schizophrenia with other diagnostic categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanti Chotai
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden.
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Pae CU, Kim JJ, Lee SJ, Lee CU, Lee C, Paik IH, Park HR, Yang S, Serretti A. Polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene and symptomatic dimensions of schizophrenia in the Korean population. Neuropsychobiology 2003; 47:182-6. [PMID: 12824740 DOI: 10.1159/000071212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to test the association between schizophrenia and a functional serotonin polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in the upstream regulatory region. Genomic DNA analysis with polymerase chain reaction was used for 5-HTTLPR genotyping. One hundred and eleven patients with schizophrenia and 208 healthy individuals participated in this study. There were significant differences in the negative score and general psychopathology score of the positive and negative syndrome scale according to 5-HTTLPR genotypes and alleles, although no significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies between the two groups were found. These results suggest that 5-HTTLPR may contribute to the susceptibility to the symptomatology of schizophrenia but not to the development of the disorder itself, at least in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Un Pae
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, 505 Banpo-Dong, Seocho-Gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
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