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Wang Q, Xu J, Bao M, Wang H, Sun X, Ji D, Wang J, Li Y. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveals genes related to growth performance in Hu sheep. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13043. [PMID: 38844572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Hu sheep are a unique breed in our country with great reproductive potential, the extent of whose breeding has been steadily rising in recent years. The study subjects in this experiment were 8-month-old Hu sheep (n = 112). First of all, the growth performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of their eye muscle quality were assessed, meanwhile their live weight, carcass weight, body length, body height, chest circumference, chest depth and tube circumference were respectively 33.81 ± 5.47 kg, 17.43 ± 3.21 kg, 60.36 ± 4.41 cm, 63.25 ± 3.88 cm, 72.03 ± 5.02 cm, 30.70 ± 2.32 cm and 7.36 ± 0.56 cm, with a significant difference between rams and ewes (P < 0.01). Following that, transcriptome sequencing was done, and candidate genes related to growth performance were identified using the weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) approach, which was used to identified 15 modules, with the turquoise and blue modules having the strongest association with growth and slaughter performance, respectively. We discovered hub genes such as ARHGAP31, EPS8, AKT3, EPN1, PACS2, KIF1C, C12H1orf115, FSTL1, PTGFRN and IFIH1 in the gene modules connected with growth and slaughter performance. Our research identifies the hub genes associated with the growth and slaughter performance of Hu sheep, which play an important role in their muscle growth, organ and cartilage development, blood vessel development and energy metabolic pathways. Our findings might lead to the development of potentially-useful biomarkers for the selection of growth and slaughterer performance-related attributes of sheep and other livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Menghuan Bao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Huining Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - XiaoMei Sun
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Dejun Ji
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jian Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Kondo A, Tanaka H, Rai S, Shima H, Matsumura I, Watanabe T. Depletion of Ppp6c in hematopoietic and vascular endothelial cells causes embryonic lethality and decreased hematopoietic potential. Exp Hematol 2024; 133:104205. [PMID: 38490577 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 6 (PP6) is a serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein phosphatase, and its catalytic subunit is Ppp6c. PP6 forms the PP2A subfamily with PP2A and PP4. The diverse phenotypes observed following small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based knockdown of Ppp6c in cultured mammalian cells suggest that PP6 plays roles in cell growth and DNA repair. There is also evidence that PP6 regulates nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling and mitogen-activated protein kinases and inactivates transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). Loss of Ppp6c causes several abnormalities, including those of T cell and regulatory T cell function, neurogenesis, oogenesis, and spermatogenesis. PP2A has been reported to play an important role in erythropoiesis. However, the roles of PP6 in other hematopoietic cells have not been investigated. We generated Ppp6cfl/fl;Tie2-Cre (Ppp6cTKO) mice, in which Ppp6c was specifically deleted in hematopoietic and vascular endothelial cells. Ppp6cTKO mice displayed embryonic lethality. Ppp6c deficiency increased the number of dead cells and decreased the percentages of erythroid and monocytic cells during fetal hematopoiesis. By contrast, the number of Lin-Sca-1+c-Kit+ cells, which give rise to all hematopoietic cells, was slightly increased, but their colony-forming cell activity was markedly decreased. Ppp6c deficiency also increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and c-Jun amino (N)-terminal kinase in fetal liver hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Kondo
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Rai
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shima
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Itaru Matsumura
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Watanabe
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan.
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Dutta D, Ray P, De A, Ghosh A, Hazra RS, Ghosh P, Banerjee S, Diaz FJ, Upadhyay SP, Quadir M, Banerjee SK. pH-responsive targeted nanoparticles release ERK-inhibitor in the hypoxic zone and sensitize free gemcitabine in mutant K-Ras-addicted pancreatic cancer cells and mouse model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297749. [PMID: 38687749 PMCID: PMC11060587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic options for managing Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the deadliest types of aggressive malignancies, are limited and disappointing. Therefore, despite suboptimal clinical effects, gemcitabine (GEM) remains the first-line chemotherapeutic drug in the clinic for PDAC treatment. The therapeutic limitations of GEM are primarily due to poor bioavailability and the development of chemoresistance resulting from the addiction of mutant-K-RAS/AKT/ERK signaling-mediated desmoplastic barriers with a hypoxic microenvironment. Several new therapeutic approaches, including nanoparticle-assisted drug delivery, are being investigated by us and others. This study used pH-responsive nanoparticles encapsulated ERK inhibitor (SCH772984) and surface functionalized with tumor-penetrating peptide, iRGD, to target PDAC tumors. We used a small molecule, SCH772984, to target ERK1 and ERK2 in PDAC and other cancer cells. This nanocarrier efficiently released ERKi in hypoxic and low-pH environments. We also found that the free-GEM, which is functionally weak when combined with nanoencapsulated ERKi, led to significant synergistic treatment outcomes in vitro and in vivo. In particular, the combination approaches significantly enhanced the GEM effect in PDAC growth inhibition and prolonged survival of the animals in a genetically engineered KPC (LSL-KrasG12D/+/LSL-Trp53R172H/+/Pdx-1-Cre) pancreatic cancer mouse model, which is not observed in a single therapy. Mechanistically, we anticipate that the GEM efficacy was increased as ERKi blocks desmoplasia by impairing the production of desmoplastic regulatory factors in PDAC cells and KPC mouse tumors. Therefore, 2nd generation ERKi (SCH 772984)-iRGD-pHNPs are vital for the cellular response to GEM and denote a promising therapeutic target in PDAC with mutant K-RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Dutta
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - Priyanka Ray
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - Archana De
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Raj Shankar Hazra
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - Pratyusha Ghosh
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
| | - Snigdha Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Francisco J. Diaz
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Sunil P. Upadhyay
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - Sushanta K. Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
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Bommaraju S, Dhokne MD, Arun EV, Srinivasan K, Sharma SS, Datusalia AK. An insight into crosstalk among multiple signalling pathways contributing to the pathophysiology of PTSD and depressive disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 131:110943. [PMID: 38228244 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive disorders represent two significant mental health challenges with substantial global prevalence. These are debilitating conditions characterized by persistent, often comorbid, symptoms that severely impact an individual's quality of life. Both PTSD and depressive disorders are often precipitated by exposure to traumatic events or chronic stress. The profound impact of PTSD and depressive disorders on individuals and society necessitates a comprehensive exploration of their shared and distinct pathophysiological features. Although the activation of the stress system is essential for maintaining homeostasis, the ability to recover from it after diminishing the threat stimulus is also equally important. However, little is known about the main reasons for individuals' differential susceptibility to external stressful stimuli. The solution to this question can be found by delving into the interplay of stress with the cognitive and emotional processing of traumatic incidents at the molecular level. Evidence suggests that dysregulation in these signalling cascades may contribute to the persistence and severity of PTSD and depressive symptoms. The treatment strategies available for this disorder are antidepressants, which have shown good efficiency in normalizing symptom severity; however, their efficacy is limited in most individuals. This calls for the exploration and development of innovative medications to address the treatment of PTSD. This review delves into the intricate crosstalk among multiple signalling pathways implicated in the development and manifestation of these mental health conditions. By unravelling the complexities of crosstalk among multiple signalling pathways, this review aims to contribute to the broader knowledge base, providing insights that could inform the development of targeted interventions for individuals grappling with the challenges of PTSD and depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumadhura Bommaraju
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh (UP) 226002, India
| | - Mrunali D Dhokne
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh (UP) 226002, India
| | - E V Arun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh (UP) 226002, India
| | - Krishnamoorthy Srinivasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Datusalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh (UP) 226002, India; Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh (UP) 226002, India.
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El-Masry TA, El-Nagar MMF, El Mahdy NA, Alherz FA, Taher R, Osman EY. Potential Antitumor Activity of Combined Lycopene and Sorafenib against Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma via Targeting Autophagy and Apoptosis and Suppressing Proliferation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:527. [PMID: 38675487 PMCID: PMC11055160 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An FDA-approved kinase inhibitor called sorafenib (SOR) is used to treat primary kidney and liver cancer as well as to stop the spread of advanced breast cancer. Side effects from SOR, such as palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, can negatively impact an individual's quality of life. There are a lot of data supporting the importance of lycopene (LYC) in preventing cancer. The antitumor properties of the combination of sorafenib and lycopene were examined in this study. A viability test against MDA-MB-231 was used to assess the anticancer efficacy of sorafenib, lycopene, and their combination in vitro. Moreover, a cell cycle analysis and Annexin-V/PI double staining were performed by using flow cytometry. In addition, the protein level of JNK-1, ERK-1, Beclin-1, P38, and P53 of the MDA-MB-231 cell line was estimated using ELISA kits. In addition, mice with SEC were divided into four equal groups at random (n = 10) to investigate the possible processes underlying the in vivo antitumor effect. Group IV (SEC-SOR-LYC) received SOR (30 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and LYC (20 mg/kg/day, p.o.); Group I received the SEC control; Group II received SEC-SOR (30 mg/kg/day, p.o.); and Group III received SEC-LYC (20 mg/kg/day, p.o.). The findings demonstrated that the combination of sorafenib and lycopene was superior to sorafenib and lycopene alone in causing early cell cycle arrest, suppressing the viability of cancer cells, and increasing cell apoptosis and autophagy. Likewise, the combination of sorafenib and lycopene demonstrated inhibition of the levels of Bcl-2, Ki-67, VEGF, IL-1β, and TNF-α protein. Otherwise, the quantities of the proteins BAX, P53, and caspase 3 were amplified. Furthermore, the combined treatment led to a substantial increase in TNF-α, caspase 3, and VEGF gene expression compared to the equivalent dosages of monotherapy. The combination of sorafenib and lycopene enhanced apoptosis and reduced inflammation, as seen by the tumor's decreased weight and volume, hence demonstrating its potential anticancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanaa A. El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (N.A.E.M.); (R.T.); (E.Y.O.)
| | - Maysa M. F. El-Nagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (N.A.E.M.); (R.T.); (E.Y.O.)
| | - Nageh A. El Mahdy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (N.A.E.M.); (R.T.); (E.Y.O.)
| | - Fatemah A. Alherz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reham Taher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (N.A.E.M.); (R.T.); (E.Y.O.)
| | - Enass Y. Osman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (N.A.E.M.); (R.T.); (E.Y.O.)
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Elkhadragy L, Myers A, Long W. Role of the Atypical MAPK ERK3 in Cancer Growth and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1381. [PMID: 38611058 PMCID: PMC11011113 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3 (ERK3) is an atypical mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) whose structural and regulatory features are distinct from those of conventional MAPKs, such as ERK1/2. Since its identification in 1991, the regulation, substrates and functions of ERK3 have remained largely unknown. However, recent years have witnessed a wealth of new findings about ERK3 signaling. Several important biological functions for ERK3 have been revealed, including its role in neuronal morphogenesis, inflammation, metabolism, endothelial cell tube formation and epithelial architecture. In addition, ERK3 has been recently shown to play important roles in cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and chemoresistance in multiple types of cancers. Furthermore, accumulating studies have uncovered various molecular mechanisms by which the expression level, protein stability and activity of ERK3 are regulated. In particular, several post-translational modifications (PTMs), including ubiquitination, hydroxylation and phosphorylation, have been shown to regulate the stability and activity of ERK3 protein. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding biochemical and cellular functions of ERK3, with a main focus on its roles in cancers, as well as the molecular mechanisms of regulating its expression and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna Elkhadragy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; (L.E.); (A.M.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Amanda Myers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; (L.E.); (A.M.)
| | - Weiwen Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; (L.E.); (A.M.)
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Wang TH, Watanabe K, Hamada N, Tani-Ishii N. Role of MAPKs in TGF-β1-induced maturation and mineralization in human osteoblast-like cells. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:61-67. [PMID: 38110177 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to clarify the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-stimulated mineralization in the human osteoblast-like MG63 cells. METHODS The viability of MG63 cells under TGF-β1 stimulation was assessed by MTS assay. Western blotting determined TGF-β1-mediated activation of extracellular signal-related protein kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK). Mineralization-related gene expression was examined by quantitative real-time PCR, and mineral deposition levels were evaluated by alizarin red S staining. RESULTS TGF-β1 had no effect on MG63 cell proliferation. Activation of p38 was observed at 3 h post TGF-β1 stimulation. Moreover, JNK phosphorylation was upregulated by TGF-β1 from 1 to 6 h post stimulation, but had no activation on ERK phosphorylation throughout the experimental period. Treatment with JNK inhibitor diminished the alizarin red S-stained area in a dose-dependent manner. Mineral deposition was unaffected by MEK inhibitor, whereas p38 inhibitor increased the red-stained area. Gene expression levels of ALP and BSP were significantly decreased under treatment with JNK inhibitor and p38 inhibitor. The MEK inhibitor had no effect on the TGF-β1-mediated upregulation of ALP and BSP. Although all three inhibitors suppressed expression of COL I, none were found to stimulate expression of OCN. CONCLUSIONS Human osteoblast-like MG63 cells maturation and mineralization are induced through JNK activation of MAPK signaling in response to TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsuan Wang
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Watanabe
- Department of Liberal Arts Education, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Nobushiro Hamada
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tani-Ishii
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, 238-8580, Japan.
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Li J, Wang L, Zeng Q, He J, Tang Q, Wang K, He G. MKP-1 regulates the inflammatory activation of microglia against Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14409. [PMID: 37602891 PMCID: PMC10848084 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases leading to dementia in elderly people. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in AD pathogenesis, so modulation of neuroinflammation has emerged as an essential therapeutic method to improve AD. The current study aims to investigate whether MKP-1 can regulate microglia phenotype and inflammatory factor release in AD and explore its possible mechanisms. METHODS Amyloid precursor protein/PS1 double transgenic mice and wild-type mice were selected to study the locations of microglia and amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in different regions of mice brains. Changes in MKP-1 of microglia were detected using AD model mice and AD model cells. Changes in phenotype and the release of inflammatory factors within immortalized BV2 murine microglia were investigated by regulating the expression of MKP-1. RESULTS The distribution of microglia and Aβ plaques in the AD brain was region-specific. MKP-1 expression was downregulated in AD mice, and in vitro, with increasing Aβ concentrations, MKP-1 expression was reduced. MKP-1 over-expression increased M2 microglia but decreased M1 microglia accompanied by changes in inflammatory factors and inhibition of MKP-1 yielded the opposite result. CONCLUSION MKP-1 regulated microglia phenotype and inflammatory factor release in AD through modulation of the p38 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Basic MedicineChongqing College of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqingChina
| | - Qinhua Zeng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jing He
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qing Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Kejian Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Guiqiong He
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Ragupathi A, Kim C, Jacinto E. The mTORC2 signaling network: targets and cross-talks. Biochem J 2024; 481:45-91. [PMID: 38270460 PMCID: PMC10903481 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin, mTOR, controls cell metabolism in response to growth signals and stress stimuli. The cellular functions of mTOR are mediated by two distinct protein complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. Rapamycin and its analogs are currently used in the clinic to treat a variety of diseases and have been instrumental in delineating the functions of its direct target, mTORC1. Despite the lack of a specific mTORC2 inhibitor, genetic studies that disrupt mTORC2 expression unravel the functions of this more elusive mTOR complex. Like mTORC1 which responds to growth signals, mTORC2 is also activated by anabolic signals but is additionally triggered by stress. mTORC2 mediates signals from growth factor receptors and G-protein coupled receptors. How stress conditions such as nutrient limitation modulate mTORC2 activation to allow metabolic reprogramming and ensure cell survival remains poorly understood. A variety of downstream effectors of mTORC2 have been identified but the most well-characterized mTORC2 substrates include Akt, PKC, and SGK, which are members of the AGC protein kinase family. Here, we review how mTORC2 is regulated by cellular stimuli including how compartmentalization and modulation of complex components affect mTORC2 signaling. We elaborate on how phosphorylation of its substrates, particularly the AGC kinases, mediates its diverse functions in growth, proliferation, survival, and differentiation. We discuss other signaling and metabolic components that cross-talk with mTORC2 and the cellular output of these signals. Lastly, we consider how to more effectively target the mTORC2 pathway to treat diseases that have deregulated mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Ragupathi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Christian Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Estela Jacinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A
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Lee M, Morris LGT. Genetic alterations in thyroid cancer mediating both resistance to BRAF inhibition and anaplastic transformation. Oncotarget 2024; 15:36-48. [PMID: 38275291 PMCID: PMC10812235 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A subset of thyroid cancers present at advanced stage or with dedifferentiated histology and have limited response to standard therapy. Tumors harboring the BRAF V600E mutation may be treated with BRAF inhibitors; however, tumor response is often short lived due to multiple compensatory resistance mechanisms. One mode of resistance is the transition to an alternative cell state, which on rare occasions can correspond to tumor dedifferentiation. DNA sequencing and RNA expression profiling show that thyroid tumors that dedifferentiate after BRAF inhibition are enriched in known genetic alterations that mediate resistance to BRAF blockade, and may also drive tumor dedifferentiation, including mutations in the PI3K/AKT/MTOR (PIK3CA, MTOR), MAP/ERK (MET, NF2, NRAS, RASA1), SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex (ARID2, PBRM1), and JAK/STAT pathways (JAK1). Given these findings, recent investigations have evaluated the efficacy of dual-target therapies; however, continued lack of long-term tumor control illustrates the complex and multifactorial nature of these compensatory mechanisms. Transition to an immune-suppressed state is another correlate of BRAF inhibitor resistance and tumor dedifferentiation, suggesting a possible role for concurrent targeted therapy with immunotherapy. Investigations into combined targeted and immunotherapy are ongoing, but early results with checkpoint inhibitors, viral therapies, and CAR T-cells suggest enhanced anti-tumor immune activity with these combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Luc GT Morris
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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11
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Sayin AZ, Abali Z, Senyuz S, Cankara F, Gursoy A, Keskin O. Conformational diversity and protein-protein interfaces in drug repurposing in Ras signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1239. [PMID: 38216592 PMCID: PMC10786864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We focus on drug repurposing in the Ras signaling pathway, considering structural similarities of protein-protein interfaces. The interfaces formed by physically interacting proteins are found from PDB if available and via PRISM (PRotein Interaction by Structural Matching) otherwise. The structural coverage of these interactions has been increased from 21 to 92% using PRISM. Multiple conformations of each protein are used to include protein dynamics and diversity. Next, we find FDA-approved drugs bound to structurally similar protein-protein interfaces. The results suggest that HIV protease inhibitors tipranavir, indinavir, and saquinavir may bind to EGFR and ERBB3/HER3 interface. Tipranavir and indinavir may also bind to EGFR and ERBB2/HER2 interface. Additionally, a drug used in Alzheimer's disease can bind to RAF1 and BRAF interface. Hence, we propose a methodology to find drugs to be potentially used for cancer using a dataset of structurally similar protein-protein interface clusters rather than pockets in a systematic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahenk Zeynep Sayin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Koc University, Rumeli Feneri Yolu Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Abali
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Computational Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Simge Senyuz
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Computational Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Cankara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Computational Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Attila Gursoy
- Department of Computer Engineering, Koc University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Keskin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Koc University, Rumeli Feneri Yolu Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
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12
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Kozyra P, Pitucha M. Revisiting the Role of B-RAF Kinase as a Therapeutic Target in Melanoma. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2003-2020. [PMID: 37855341 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673258495231011065225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the rarest but most aggressive and deadly skin cancer. Melanoma is the result of a malignant transformation of melanocytes, which leads to their uncontrolled proliferation. Mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which are crucial for the control of cellular processes, such as apoptosis, division, growth, differentiation, and migration, are one of its most common causes. BRAF kinase, as one of the known targets of this pathway, has been known for many years as a prominent molecular target in melanoma therapy, and the following mini-review outlines the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding its structure, mutations and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kozyra
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, PL, 20093, Poland
| | - Monika Pitucha
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, PL-20093, Poland
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13
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Moloudi K, Abrahamse H, George BP. Nanotechnology-mediated photodynamic therapy: Focus on overcoming tumor hypoxia. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1937. [PMID: 38072393 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The oxygen level in the tumor is a critical marker that determines response to different treatments. Cancerous cells can adapt to hypoxia and low pH conditions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) to regulate tumor metabolism, proliferation, and promote tumor metastasis as well as angiogenesis, consequently leading to treatment failure and recurrence. In recent years, widespread attempts have been made to overcome tumor hypoxia through different methods, such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), hyperthermia, O2 carriers, artificial hemoglobin, oxygen generator hydrogels, and peroxide materials. While oxygen is found to be an essential agent to improve the treatment response of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and other cancer treatment modalities, the development of hypoxia within the tumor is highly associated with PDT failure. Recently, the use of nanoparticles has been a hot topic for researchers and exploited to overcome hypoxia through Oxygen-generating hydrogels, O2 nanocarriers, and O2 -generating nanoparticles. This review aimed to discuss the role of nanotechnology in tumor oxygenation and highlight the challenges, prospective, and recent advances in this area to improve PDT outcomes. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kave Moloudi
- Laser Research Centre (LRC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre (LRC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Blassan P George
- Laser Research Centre (LRC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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14
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Zayed A, Al-Saedi DA, Mensah EO, Kanwugu ON, Adadi P, Ulber R. Fucoidan's Molecular Targets: A Comprehensive Review of Its Unique and Multiple Targets Accounting for Promising Bioactivities Supported by In Silico Studies. Mar Drugs 2023; 22:29. [PMID: 38248653 PMCID: PMC10820140 DOI: 10.3390/md22010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a class of multifunctional polysaccharides derived from marine organisms. Its unique and diversified physicochemical and chemical properties have qualified them for potential and promising pharmacological uses in human diseases, including inflammation, tumors, immunity disorders, kidney diseases, and diabetes. Physicochemical and chemical properties are the main contributors to these bioactivities. The previous literature has attributed such activities to its ability to target key enzymes and receptors involved in potential disease pathways, either directly or indirectly, where the anionic sulfate ester groups are mainly involved in these interactions. These findings also confirm the advantageous pharmacological uses of sulfated versus non-sulfated polysaccharides. The current review shall highlight the molecular targets of fucoidans, especially enzymes, and the subsequent responses via either the upregulation or downregulation of mediators' expression in various tissue abnormalities. In addition, in silico studies will be applied to support the previous findings and show the significant contributors. The current review may help in understanding the molecular mechanisms of fucoidan. Also, the findings of this review may be utilized in the design of specific oligomers inspired by fucoidan with the purpose of treating life-threatening human diseases effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zayed
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Guish Street (Medical Campus), Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Dalal A. Al-Saedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Emmanuel Ofosu Mensah
- Faculty of Ecotechnology, ITMO University, Lomonosova Street 9, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia;
| | - Osman Nabayire Kanwugu
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 28, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia;
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Parise Adadi
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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15
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Bahar ME, Kim HJ, Kim DR. Targeting the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway for cancer therapy: from mechanism to clinical studies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:455. [PMID: 38105263 PMCID: PMC10725898 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination of solid tumors, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, underscores the urgent need for enhanced insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying metastasis, chemoresistance, and the mechanistic backgrounds of individuals whose cancers are prone to migration. The most prevalent signaling cascade governed by multi-kinase inhibitors is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, encompassing the RAS-RAF-MAPK kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway. RAF kinase is a primary mediator of the MAPK pathway, responsible for the sequential activation of downstream targets, such as MEK and the transcription factor ERK, which control numerous cellular and physiological processes, including organism development, cell cycle control, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell survival, and death. Defects in this signaling cascade are associated with diseases such as cancer. RAF inhibitors (RAFi) combined with MEK blockers represent an FDA-approved therapeutic strategy for numerous RAF-mutant cancers, including melanoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and thyroid cancer. However, the development of therapy resistance by cancer cells remains an important barrier. Autophagy, an intracellular lysosome-dependent catabolic recycling process, plays a critical role in the development of RAFi resistance in cancer. Thus, targeting RAF and autophagy could be novel treatment strategies for RAF-mutant cancers. In this review, we delve deeper into the mechanistic insights surrounding RAF kinase signaling in tumorigenesis and RAFi-resistance. Furthermore, we explore and discuss the ongoing development of next-generation RAF inhibitors with enhanced therapeutic profiles. Additionally, this review sheds light on the functional interplay between RAF-targeted therapies and autophagy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Entaz Bahar
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.
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16
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Ram A, Murphy D, DeCuzzi N, Patankar M, Hu J, Pargett M, Albeck JG. A guide to ERK dynamics, part 1: mechanisms and models. Biochem J 2023; 480:1887-1907. [PMID: 38038974 PMCID: PMC10754288 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) has long been studied as a key driver of both essential cellular processes and disease. A persistent question has been how this single pathway is able to direct multiple cell behaviors, including growth, proliferation, and death. Modern biosensor studies have revealed that the temporal pattern of ERK activity is highly variable and heterogeneous, and critically, that these dynamic differences modulate cell fate. This two-part review discusses the current understanding of dynamic activity in the ERK pathway, how it regulates cellular decisions, and how these cell fates lead to tissue regulation and pathology. In part 1, we cover the optogenetic and live-cell imaging technologies that first revealed the dynamic nature of ERK, as well as current challenges in biosensor data analysis. We also discuss advances in mathematical models for the mechanisms of ERK dynamics, including receptor-level regulation, negative feedback, cooperativity, and paracrine signaling. While hurdles still remain, it is clear that higher temporal and spatial resolution provide mechanistic insights into pathway circuitry. Exciting new algorithms and advanced computational tools enable quantitative measurements of single-cell ERK activation, which in turn inform better models of pathway behavior. However, the fact that current models still cannot fully recapitulate the diversity of ERK responses calls for a deeper understanding of network structure and signal transduction in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhineet Ram
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Devan Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Nicholaus DeCuzzi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Madhura Patankar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Jason Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Michael Pargett
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, U.S.A
| | - John G. Albeck
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, U.S.A
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17
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Bernacchioni C, Rossi M, Vannuzzi V, Prisinzano M, Seidita I, Raeispour M, Muccilli A, Castiglione F, Bruni P, Petraglia F, Donati C. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 is a non-hormonal target to counteract endometriosis-associated fibrosis. Fertil Steril 2023:S0015-0282(23)02074-5. [PMID: 38072366 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the molecular mechanisms responsible for fibrosis in endometriosis by investigating whether the protein expression levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3), one of the five specific receptors of the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), correlate with fibrosis extent in endometriotic lesions and which are the cellular mechanisms involved in this process. DESIGN Case-control laboratory study and cultured endometriotic cells. SETTING University research institute and university hospital. PATIENT(S) A total of 33 women, with and without endometriosis, were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS(S) Endometriotic lesions were obtained from women with endometriosis (ovarian endometrioma, n = 8; deep infiltrating endometriosis, n = 15; [urological n = 5, gastrointestinal n = 6, and posterior n = 4]) and control endometrium from healthy women, n = 10, by means of laparoscopic and hysteroscopic surgery. The expression of S1PR3 was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and the extent of fibrosis was assessed using Masson's trichrome staining. Human-cultured epithelial endometriotic 12Z cells were used to evaluate the mechanisms involved in the profibrotic effect of S1PR3 activation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The expression of S1PR3 in endometriotic lesions is positively correlated with endometriosis-associated fibrosis. In addition, S1P induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrosis in epithelial endometriotic cells. Using RNA interference and pharmacological approaches, the profibrotic effect of S1P was shown to rely on S1PR3, thus unveiling the molecular mechanism implicated in the profibrotic action of the bioactive sphingolipid. RESULT(S) The protein expression levels of S1PR3 were significantly augmented in the glandular sections of endometrioma and deep infiltrating endometriosis of different localizations with respect to the control endometrium and positively correlated with the extent of fibrosis. Sphingosine-1-phosphate was shown to have a crucial role in the onset of fibrosis in epithelial endometriotic cells, stimulating the expression of EMT and fibrotic markers. Genetic approaches have highlighted that S1PR3 mediates the fibrotic effect of S1P. Downstream of S1PR3, ezrin and extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 signaling were found to be critically implicated in the EMT and fibrosis elicited by S1P. CONCLUSION(S) Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 may represent a possible innovative pharmacological target for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Bernacchioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Margherita Rossi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Prisinzano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Isabelle Seidita
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maryam Raeispour
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Angela Muccilli
- Histopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Castiglione
- Histopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Donati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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18
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Braun-Walicka N, Pluta A, Wolak T, Maj E, Maryniak A, Gos M, Abramowicz A, Landowska A, Obersztyn E, Bal J. Research on the Pathogenesis of Cognitive and Neurofunctional Impairments in Patients with Noonan Syndrome: The Role of Rat Sarcoma-Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway Gene Disturbances. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2173. [PMID: 38136995 PMCID: PMC10742480 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is one of the most common genetic conditions inherited mostly in an autosomal dominant manner with vast heterogeneity in clinical and genetic features. Patients with NS might have speech disturbances, memory and attention deficits, limitations in daily functioning, and decreased overall intelligence. Here, 34 patients with Noonan syndrome and 23 healthy controls were enrolled in a study involving gray and white matter volume evaluation using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), white matter connectivity measurements using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) probability distributions were calculated. Cognitive abilities were assessed using the Stanford Binet Intelligence Scales. Reductions in white matter connectivity were detected using DTI in NS patients. The rs-fMRI revealed hyper-connectivity in NS patients between the sensorimotor network and language network and between the sensorimotor network and salience network in comparison to healthy controls. NS patients exhibited decreased verbal and nonverbal IQ compared to healthy controls. The assessment of the microstructural alterations of white matter as well as the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analysis in patients with NS may shed light on the mechanisms responsible for cognitive and neurofunctional impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Braun-Walicka
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pluta
- The Bioimaging Research Center, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Kajetany, 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
- The Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, 00-183 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wolak
- The Bioimaging Research Center, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Kajetany, 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Edyta Maj
- The Bioimaging Research Center, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Kajetany, 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland
- 2nd Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Monika Gos
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Abramowicz
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Landowska
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Obersztyn
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Bal
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Chiu CH, Lin YJ, Ramesh S, Kuo WW, Chen MC, Kuo CH, Li CC, Wang TF, Lin YM, Liao PH, Huang CY. Gemcitabine resistance in non-small cell lung cancer is mediated through activation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway and suppression of ERK signaling by reactive oxygen species. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23497. [PMID: 37564025 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Chemotherapy is a standard clinical treatment. However, tumor cells often develop multidrug resistance after chemotherapy, an inevitable bottleneck in cancer treatment. Therefore, this study used gemcitabine-resistant (GEM-R) CL1-0 lung cancer cells. First, we used flow cytometry and western blot analysis to examine differences in performance between resistant and parental cells. The results showed that compared with parental cells, GEM-R CL1-0 cells significantly enhanced the activation of the AKT pathway, which promoted survival and growth, and decreased the activation of the reactive oxygen species-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ROS)-ERK pathway. Next, the AKT and ERK pathways' role in tumor growth was further explored in vivo using a xenograft model. The results showed that enhancing AKT and inhibiting ERK activation reduced GEM-induced inhibition of tumor growth. Finally, combining the above results, we found that GEM-R CL1-0 cells showed reduced sensitivity to GEM by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/NF-kB pathway and inhibiting the ROS-ERK pathway leading to resistance against GEM. Therefore, the AKT and ERK pathways are potential targets for improving the sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Lin
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Samiraj Ramesh
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Research and Innovation, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering (SSE), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Li
- Center of Stem Cell & Precision Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Fu Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiang Liao
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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20
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Torres Robles J, Lou HJ, Shi G, Pan PL, Turk BE. Linear motif specificity in signaling through p38α and ERK2 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2316599120. [PMID: 37988460 PMCID: PMC10691213 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316599120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are essential for eukaryotic cells to integrate and respond to diverse stimuli. Maintaining specificity in signaling through MAPK networks is key to coupling distinct inputs to appropriate cellular responses. Docking sites-short linear motifs found in MAPK substrates, regulators, and scaffolds-can promote signaling specificity through selective interactions, but how they do so remains unresolved. Here, we screened a proteomic library for sequences interacting with the MAPKs extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) and p38α, identifying selective and promiscuous docking motifs. Sequences specific for p38α had high net charge and lysine content, and selective binding depended on a pair of acidic residues unique to the p38α docking interface. Finally, we validated a set of full-length proteins harboring docking sites selected in our screens to be authentic MAPK interactors and substrates. This study identifies features that help define MAPK signaling networks and explains how specific docking motifs promote signaling integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaylissa Torres Robles
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Hua Jane Lou
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Guangda Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | | | - Benjamin E. Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
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21
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Kuzmich AS, Romanenko LA, Kokoulin MS. Cell-cycle arrest and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis induction in T-47D cells by the capsular polysaccharide from the marine bacterium Kangiella japonica KMM 3897. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 320:121237. [PMID: 37659798 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we reported the in vitro mechanisms of antiproliferative activity of capsular polysaccharide derived from marine Gram-negative bacteria Kangiella japonica KMM 3897 in human breast сarcinoma T-47D cells. Flow cytometric and Western blot analysis revealed that capsular polysaccharide effectively suppressed T-47D cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1 phase arrest and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, polysaccharide influenced the ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways. The results of this study would enrich our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the anti-cancer activity of sulfated polysaccharides from marine Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Kuzmich
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159/2, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Lyudmila A Romanenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159/2, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Maxim S Kokoulin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159/2, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
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22
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Pan P, He Y, Geng T, Li Z, Li Z, Meng X. Design, Synthesis, and Antitumor Activity Evaluation of Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras as Degraders of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases 1/2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16290. [PMID: 38003480 PMCID: PMC10671693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) alone or in combination with other targets has emerged as a promising treatment strategy for a variety of human tumors. In addition to the development of inhibitors, the development of ERK1/2 degraders is an alternative approach to decrease its activity. We synthesized proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) as effective ERK1/2 degraders, among which B1-10J showed high degradative activity, with DC50 of 102 nM and cytotoxic IC50 of 2.2 μM against HCT116 cells. Moreover, B1-10J dose-dependently inhibited tumor cell migration. Xenograft experiments in nude mice demonstrated that B1-10J inhibited HCT116 tumor cell growth and achieved significant regression of tumors at a daily dose of 25 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengming Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yichao He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tongtong Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhongtang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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23
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Jurado M, Zorzano A, Castaño O. Cooperativity and oscillations: Regulatory mechanisms of K-Ras nanoclusters. Comput Biol Med 2023; 166:107455. [PMID: 37742420 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
K-Ras nanoclusters (NCs) concentrate all required molecules belonging to the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in a small area where signaling events take place, increasing efficiency and specificity of signaling. Such nanostructures are characterized by controlled sizes and lifetimes distributions, but there is a poor understanding of the mechanisms involved in their dynamics of growth/decay. Here, a minimum computational model is presented to analyze the behavior of K-Ras NCs as cooperative dynamic structures that self-regulate their growth and decay according to their size. Indeed, the proposed model reveals that the growth and the local production of a K-Ras nanocluster depend positively on its actual size, whilst its lifetime is inversely proportional to the root of its size. The cooperative binding between the structural constituents of the NC (K-Ras proteins) induces oscillations in the size distributions of K-Ras NCs allowing them to range within controlled values, regulating the growth/decay dynamics of these NCs. Thereby, the size of a K-Ras NC is proposed as a key factor to regulate cell signaling, opening a range of possibilities to develop strategies for use in chronic diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Jurado
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Oscar Castaño
- Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Nanobioengineering and Biomaterials, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Gosman LM, Țăpoi DA, Costache M. Cutaneous Melanoma: A Review of Multifactorial Pathogenesis, Immunohistochemistry, and Emerging Biomarkers for Early Detection and Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15881. [PMID: 37958863 PMCID: PMC10650804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is an increasingly significant public health concern. Due to alarming mortality rates and escalating incidence, it is crucial to understand its etiology and identify emerging biomarkers for improved diagnosis and treatment strategies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the multifactorial etiology of CM, underscore the importance of early detection, discuss the molecular mechanisms behind melanoma development and progression, and shed light on the role of the potential biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment. The pathogenesis of CM involves a complex interplay of genetic predispositions and environmental exposures, ultraviolet radiation exposure being the predominant environmental risk factor. The emergence of new biomarkers, such as novel immunohistochemical markers, gene mutation analysis, microRNA, and exosome protein expressions, holds promise for improved early detection, and prognostic and personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maria Gosman
- Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Pathology, Saint Pantelimon Clinical Emergency Hospital, 021659 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana-Antonia Țăpoi
- Department of Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Pathology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Costache
- Department of Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Pathology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
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25
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Marcus DJ, Bruchas MR. Optical Approaches for Investigating Neuromodulation and G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1119-1139. [PMID: 37429736 PMCID: PMC10595021 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that roughly 40% of all US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmacological therapeutics target G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), there remains a gap in our understanding of the physiologic and functional role of these receptors at the systems level. Although heterologous expression systems and in vitro assays have revealed a tremendous amount about GPCR signaling cascades, how these cascades interact across cell types, tissues, and organ systems remains obscure. Classic behavioral pharmacology experiments lack both the temporal and spatial resolution to resolve these long-standing issues. Over the past half century, there has been a concerted effort toward the development of optical tools for understanding GPCR signaling. From initial ligand uncaging approaches to more recent development of optogenetic techniques, these strategies have allowed researchers to probe longstanding questions in GPCR pharmacology both in vivo and in vitro. These tools have been employed across biologic systems and have allowed for interrogation of everything from specific intramolecular events to pharmacology at the systems level in a spatiotemporally specific manner. In this review, we present a historical perspective on the motivation behind and development of a variety of optical toolkits that have been generated to probe GPCR signaling. Here we highlight how these tools have been used in vivo to uncover the functional role of distinct populations of GPCRs and their signaling cascades at a systems level. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) remain one of the most targeted classes of proteins for pharmaceutical intervention, yet we still have a limited understanding of how their unique signaling cascades effect physiology and behavior at the systems level. In this review, we discuss a vast array of optical techniques that have been devised to probe GPCR signaling both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Marcus
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain and Emotion (D.J.M., M.R.B.), Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.J.M., M.R.B.), Department of Pharmacology (M.R.B.), and Department of Bioengineering (M.R.B.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain and Emotion (D.J.M., M.R.B.), Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.J.M., M.R.B.), Department of Pharmacology (M.R.B.), and Department of Bioengineering (M.R.B.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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26
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González B, Mirzaei M, Basu S, Pujari AN, Vandermeulen MD, Prabhakar A, Cullen PJ. Turnover and bypass of p21-activated kinase during Cdc42-dependent MAPK signaling in yeast. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105297. [PMID: 37774975 PMCID: PMC10641623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways regulate multiple cellular behaviors, including the response to stress and cell differentiation, and are highly conserved across eukaryotes. MAPK pathways can be activated by the interaction between the small GTPase Cdc42p and the p21-activated kinase (Ste20p in yeast). By studying MAPK pathway regulation in yeast, we recently found that the active conformation of Cdc42p is regulated by turnover, which impacts the activity of the pathway that regulates filamentous growth (fMAPK). Here, we show that Ste20p is regulated in a similar manner and is turned over by the 26S proteasome. This turnover did not occur when Ste20p was bound to Cdc42p, which presumably stabilized the protein to sustain MAPK pathway signaling. Although Ste20p is a major component of the fMAPK pathway, genetic approaches here identified a Ste20p-independent branch of signaling. Ste20p-independent signaling partially required the fMAPK pathway scaffold and Cdc42p-interacting protein, Bem4p, while Ste20p-dependent signaling required the 14-3-3 proteins, Bmh1p and Bmh2p. Interestingly, Ste20p-independent signaling was inhibited by one of the GTPase-activating proteins for Cdc42p, Rga1p, which unexpectedly dampened basal but not active fMAPK pathway activity. These new regulatory features of the Rho GTPase and p21-activated kinase module may extend to related pathways in other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz González
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Mahnoosh Mirzaei
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sukanya Basu
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Atindra N Pujari
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Matthew D Vandermeulen
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Aditi Prabhakar
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Paul J Cullen
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.
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27
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Hadwiger JA, Aranda RG, Fatima S. Atypical MAP kinases - new insights and directions from amoeba. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261447. [PMID: 37850857 PMCID: PMC10617611 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been the focus of many studies over the past several decades, but the understanding of one subgroup of MAPKs, orthologs of MAPK15, known as atypical MAPKs, has lagged behind others. In most organisms, specific activating signals or downstream responses of atypical MAPK signaling pathways have not yet been identified even though these MAPKs are associated with many eukaryotic processes, including cancer and embryonic development. In this Review, we discuss recent studies that are shedding new light on both the regulation and function of atypical MAPKs in different organisms. In particular, the analysis of the atypical MAPK in the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum has revealed important roles in chemotactic responses and gene regulation. The rapid and transient phosphorylation of the atypical MAPK in these responses suggest a highly regulated activation mechanism in vivo despite the ability of atypical MAPKs to autophosphorylate in vitro. Atypical MAPK function can also impact the activation of other MAPKs in amoeba. These advances are providing new perspectives on possible MAPK roles in animals that have not been previously considered, and this might lead to the identification of potential targets for regulating cell movement in the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Hadwiger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3020, USA
| | - Ramee G. Aranda
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3020, USA
| | - Saher Fatima
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3020, USA
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28
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Minagawa E, Yamauchi N, Taguchi Y, Umeda M. Photodynamic reactions using high-intensity red LED promotes gingival wound healing by ROS induction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17081. [PMID: 37816801 PMCID: PMC10564724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a treatment that combines a light source with a photosensitizer. LEDs have attracted considerable attention in clinical dentistry because they are inexpensive and safe to use. Although the interaction between photosensitizers and LEDs in dental practice is effective for treating periodontal disease by killing periodontopathic bacteria, little is known about the effects of LEDs on human gingival fibroblasts (HGnFs), which play an important role in gingival wound healing. In this study, we investigated the effects of high-intensity red LED irradiation on HGnFs after the addition of methylene blue (MB), one of the least harmful photosensitizers, on wound healing and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by photodynamic reactions. We found that irradiation of MB with high-intensity red LED at controlled energy levels promoted cell proliferation, migration, and production of wound healing factors. Furthermore, ROS production by a photodynamic reaction enabled the translocation of phosphorylated Grb2-associated binder-1, activating Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signals. Our findings suggest that proper control of ROS production has a beneficial effect on gingival fibroblasts, which constitute periodontal tissue, from the perspective of gingival wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emika Minagawa
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yamauchi
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Taguchi
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Makoto Umeda
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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29
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Azizi SA, Qiu T, Brookes NE, Dickinson BC. Regulation of ERK2 activity by dynamic S-acylation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113135. [PMID: 37715953 PMCID: PMC10591828 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) are key effector proteins of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, choreographing essential processes of cellular physiology. Here, we discover that ERK1/2 are subject to S-acylation, a reversible lipid modification of cysteine residues, at C271/C254. The levels of ERK1/2 S-acylation are modulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling, mirroring its phosphorylation dynamics, and acylation-deficient ERK2 displays altered phosphorylation patterns. We show that ERK1/2 S-acylation is mediated by "writer" protein acyl transferases (PATs) and "eraser" acyl protein thioesterases (APTs) and that chemical inhibition of either lipid addition or removal alters ERK1/2's EGF-triggered transcriptional program. Finally, in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome, we find that ERK1/2 lipidation levels correlate with alterations in ERK1/2 lipidation writer/eraser expression, solidifying a link between ERK1/2 activity, ERK1/2 lipidation, and organismal health. This study describes how lipidation regulates ERK1/2 and offers insight into the role of dynamic S-acylation in cell signaling more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara-Anne Azizi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Noah E Brookes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bryan C Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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30
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Jiang L, Liu T, Lyu K, Chen Y, Lu J, Wang X, Long L, Li S. Inflammation-related signaling pathways in tendinopathy. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220729. [PMID: 37744452 PMCID: PMC10512452 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon is a connective tissue that produces movement by transmitting the force produced by muscle contraction to the bones. Most tendinopathy is caused by prolonged overloading of the tendon, leading to degenerative disease of the tendon. When overloaded, the oxygen demand of tenocytes increases, and the tendon structure is special and lacks blood supply, which makes it easier to form an oxygen-deficient environment in tenocytes. The production of reactive oxygen species due to hypoxia causes elevation of inflammatory markers in the tendon, including PGE2, IL-1β, and TNF-α. In the process of tendon healing, inflammation is also a necessary stage. The inflammatory environment formed by cytokines and various immune cells play an important role in the clearance of necrotic material, the proliferation of tenocytes, and the production of collagen fibers. However, excessive inflammation can lead to tendon adhesions and hinder tendon healing. Some important and diverse biological functions of the body originate from intercellular signal transduction, among which cytokine mediation is an important way of signal transduction. In particular, NF-κB, NLRP3, p38/MAPK, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, four common signaling pathways in tendinopathy inflammatory response, play a crucial role in the regulation and transcription of inflammatory factors. Therefore, summarizing the specific mechanisms of inflammatory signaling pathways in tendinopathy is of great significance for an in-depth understanding of the inflammatory response process and exploring how to inhibit the harmful part of the inflammatory response and promote the beneficial part to improve the healing effect of the tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Tianzhu Liu
- Neurology Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Kexin Lyu
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jingwei Lu
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Longhai Long
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Sen Li
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital
of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
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31
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Qiu B, Lawan A, Xirouchaki CE, Yi JS, Robert M, Zhang L, Brown W, Fernández-Hernando C, Yang X, Tiganis T, Bennett AM. MKP1 promotes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by suppressing AMPK activity through LKB1 nuclear retention. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5405. [PMID: 37669951 PMCID: PMC10480499 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is triggered by hepatocyte death through activation of caspase 6, as a result of decreased adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase-alpha (AMPKα) activity. Increased hepatocellular death promotes inflammation which drives hepatic fibrosis. We show that the nuclear-localized mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1 (MKP1) is upregulated in NASH patients and in NASH diet fed male mice. The focus of this work is to investigate whether and how MKP1 is involved in the development of NASH. Under NASH conditions increased oxidative stress, induces MKP1 expression leading to nuclear p38 MAPK dephosphorylation and decreases liver kinase B1 (LKB1) phosphorylation at a site required to promote LKB1 nuclear exit. Hepatic deletion of MKP1 in NASH diet fed male mice releases nuclear LKB1 into the cytoplasm to activate AMPKα and prevents hepatocellular death, inflammation and NASH. Hence, nuclear-localized MKP1-p38 MAPK-LKB1 signaling is required to suppress AMPKα which triggers hepatocyte death and the development of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qiu
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Center of Molecular and Systems Metabolism, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Ahmed Lawan
- University of Alabama, Department of Biological Sciences, 301 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | - Chrysovalantou E Xirouchaki
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jae-Sung Yi
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Center of Molecular and Systems Metabolism, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Marie Robert
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Center of Molecular and Systems Metabolism, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Wendy Brown
- Monash University Department of Surgery, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Center of Molecular and Systems Metabolism, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale University School of Medicine, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Center of Molecular and Systems Metabolism, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anton M Bennett
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Center of Molecular and Systems Metabolism, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Yale University School of Medicine, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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32
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Smiles WJ, Catalano L, Stefan VE, Weber DD, Kofler B. Metabolic protein kinase signalling in neuroblastoma. Mol Metab 2023; 75:101771. [PMID: 37414143 PMCID: PMC10362370 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is a paediatric malignancy of incredibly complex aetiology. Oncogenic protein kinase signalling in neuroblastoma has conventionally focussed on transduction through the well-characterised PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, in which the latter has been implicated in treatment resistance. The discovery of the receptor tyrosine kinase ALK as a target of genetic alterations in cases of familial and sporadic neuroblastoma, was a breakthrough in the understanding of the complex genetic heterogeneity of neuroblastoma. However, despite progress in the development of small-molecule inhibitors of ALK, treatment resistance frequently arises and appears to be a feature of the disease. Moreover, since the identification of ALK, several additional protein kinases, including the PIM and Aurora kinases, have emerged not only as drivers of the disease phenotype, but also as promising druggable targets. This is particularly the case for Aurora-A, given its intimate engagement with MYCN, a driver oncogene of aggressive neuroblastoma previously considered 'undruggable.' SCOPE OF REVIEW Aided by significant advances in structural biology and a broader understanding of the mechanisms of protein kinase function and regulation, we comprehensively outline the role of protein kinase signalling, emphasising ALK, PIM and Aurora in neuroblastoma, their respective metabolic outputs, and broader implications for targeted therapies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Despite massively divergent regulatory mechanisms, ALK, PIM and Aurora kinases all obtain significant roles in cellular glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism and neuroblastoma progression, and in several instances are implicated in treatment resistance. While metabolism of neuroblastoma tends to display hallmarks of the glycolytic "Warburg effect," aggressive, in particular MYCN-amplified tumours, retain functional mitochondrial metabolism, allowing for survival and proliferation under nutrient stress. Future strategies employing specific kinase inhibitors as part of the treatment regimen should consider combinatorial attempts at interfering with tumour metabolism, either through metabolic pathway inhibitors, or by dietary means, with a view to abolish metabolic flexibility that endows cancerous cells with a survival advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Smiles
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Luca Catalano
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Victoria E Stefan
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela D Weber
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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Lee DW, Kim KM, Park S, An SH, Lim YJ, Jang WG. Eucalyptol induces osteoblast differentiation through ERK phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1083-1095. [PMID: 37470800 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptol (EU) is monoterpene oxide that is the main component of the essential oil extracted from aromatic plants such as Eucalyptus globules. EU has therapeutic effects such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant in chronic diseases including inflammation disorder, respiratory disease, and diabetic disease. However, the effects of EU on osteoblast differentiation and bone diseases such as osteoporosis have not been studied. The present study investigated the effects of EU on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. EU induces mRNA and protein expression of osteogenic genes in osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 and primary calvarial osteoblasts. EU also promoted alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization. Here, the osteoblast differentiation effect of EU is completely reversed by ERK inhibitor. These results demonstrate that osteoblast differentiation effect of EU is mediated by ERK phosphorylation. The efficacy of EU on bone formation was investigated using surgical bone loss-induced animal models. EU dose-dependently promoted bone regeneration in zebrafish caudal fin rays. In the case of ovariectomized mice, EU increased ERK phosphorylation and ameliorated bone loss of femurs. These results indicate that EU ameliorates bone loss by promoting osteoblast differentiation through ERK phosphorylation. We suggest that EU, plant-derived monoterpenoid, may be useful for preventing bone loss. KEY MESSAGES: Eucalyptol (EU) increases osteoblast differentiation in pre-osteoblasts. EU up-regulates the osteogenic genes expression via ERK phosphorylation. EU promotes bone regeneration in partially amputated zebrafish fin rays. Oral administration of EU improves ovariectomy-induced bone loss and increases ERK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Min Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Park
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun An
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ju Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gu Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Xifeng W, Jiahua Z, Ningxing L, Guowu Z, Yunxia S, Xuepeng C, Jun Q, Xianzhu X, Qingling M. The regulatory roles of Fasciola hepatica GSTO1 protein in inflammatory cytokine expression and apoptosis in murine macrophages. Acta Trop 2023; 245:106977. [PMID: 37399980 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Fascioliasis, a global zoonotic parasitic disease, is mainly caused by Fasciola hepatica (F. hepatica) parasitizing in the livers of hosts, mainly humans and herbivores. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is one of the important excretory- secretory products (ESPs) from F. hepatica, however, the regulatory roles of its Omega subtype in the immunomodulatory effects remain unknown. Here, we expressed F. hepatica recombinant GSTO1 protein (rGSTO1) in Pichia pastoris and analyzed its antioxidant properties. Then, the interaction between F. hepatica rGSTO1 and RAW264.7 macrophages and its effects on inflammatory responses and cell apoptosis were further explored. The results revealed that GSTO1 of F. hepatica owned the potent ability to resist oxidative stress. F. hepatica rGSTO1 could interact with RAW264.7 macrophages and inhibit its cell viability, furthermore, it may suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, but promote the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In addition, F. hepatica rGSTO1 may down-regulate the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and increase the expression of pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3, thereby eliciting the apoptosis of macrophages. Notably, F. hepatica rGSTO1 inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen‑activated protein kinases (MAPKs p38, ERK and JNK) pathways in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells, exerting potent modulatory effects on macrophages. These findings suggested that F. hepatica GSTO1 can modulate the host immune response, which provided new insights into the immune evasion mechanism of F. hepatica infection in host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xifeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Zhang Jiahua
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Li Ningxing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Zhang Guowu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Shang Yunxia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Cai Xuepeng
- State Key Lab of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Qiao Jun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Xia Xianzhu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
| | - Meng Qingling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
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Sammons RM, Cho EJ, Dalby KN. Identification and biochemical characterization of small molecule inhibitors of ERK2 that target the D-recruitment site. Methods Enzymol 2023; 690:445-499. [PMID: 37858538 PMCID: PMC10950554 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is the culmination of a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade that regulates cellular processes like proliferation, migration, and survival. Consequently, abnormal ERK signaling often plays a role in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of numerous cancers. ERK inhibition is a sought-after treatment for cancers, especially since clinically approved drugs that target signaling upstream of ERK often induce acquired resistance. Furthermore, the ERK2 isoform may have a differential role in various cancers from the other canonical isoform, ERK1. We demonstrate that small molecules can inhibit ERK2 catalytic and noncatalytic functions by binding to the D-recruitment site (DRS), a protein-protein interaction site distal to the enzyme active site. Using a fluorescence anisotropy-based high-throughput screening, we identify compounds that bind to the DRS and exhibit dose-dependent inhibition of ERK2 activity and ERK2 phosphorylation. We characterize the dose-dependent potency of ERK2 inhibitors using fluorescence anisotropy-based binding assays, fluorescence-based ERK2 substrate phosphorylation assays, and in vitro ERK2 activation assays. In our example, the binding of a DRS inhibitor can be prevented by mutating the DRS residue Cys-159 to serine, indicating that this residue is essential for the interaction. Resulting inhibitors from this process can be assessed in cellular and in vivo experiments for inhibition of ERK signaling and can be evaluated as potential cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Sammons
- Targeted Therapeutic Drug Discovery and Development Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - E J Cho
- Targeted Therapeutic Drug Discovery and Development Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - K N Dalby
- Targeted Therapeutic Drug Discovery and Development Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; Division of Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
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Bardwell L, Thorner J. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades-A yeast perspective. Enzymes 2023; 54:137-170. [PMID: 37945169 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of the class of protein kinase now dubbed a mitogen (or messenger)-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is an illustrative example of how disparate lines of investigation can converge and reveal an enzyme family universally conserved among eukaryotes, from single-celled microbes to humans. Moreover, elucidation of the circuitry controlling MAPK function defined a now overarching principle in enzyme regulation-the concept of an activation cascade mediated by sequential phosphorylation events. Particularly ground-breaking for this field of exploration were the contributions of genetic approaches conducted using several model organisms, but especially the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Notably, examination of how haploid yeast cells respond to their secreted peptide mating pheromones was crucial in pinpointing genes encoding MAPKs and their upstream activators. Fully contemporaneous biochemical analysis of the activities elicited upon stimulation of mammalian cells by insulin and other growth- and differentiation-inducing factors lead eventually to the demonstration that components homologous to those in yeast were involved. Continued studies of these pathways in yeast were integral to other foundational discoveries in MAPK signaling, including the roles of tethering, scaffolding and docking interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Bardwell
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jeremy Thorner
- Division of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Structural Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.
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Yuan W, Weaver YM, Earnest S, Taylor CA, Cobb MH, Weaver BP. Modulating p38 MAPK signaling by proteostasis mechanisms supports tissue integrity during growth and aging. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4543. [PMID: 37507441 PMCID: PMC10382525 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The conserved p38 MAPK family is activated by phosphorylation during stress responses and inactivated by phosphatases. C. elegans PMK-1 p38 MAPK initiates innate immune responses and blocks development when hyperactivated. Here we show that PMK-1 signaling is enhanced during early aging by modulating the stoichiometry of non-phospho-PMK-1 to promote tissue integrity and longevity. Loss of pmk-1 function accelerates progressive declines in neuronal integrity and lysosome function compromising longevity which has both cell autonomous and cell non-autonomous contributions. CED-3 caspase cleavage limits phosphorylated PMK-1. Enhancing p38 signaling with caspase cleavage-resistant PMK-1 protects lysosomal and neuronal integrity extending a youthful phase. PMK-1 works through a complex transcriptional program to regulate lysosome formation. During early aging, the absolute phospho-p38 amount is maintained but the reservoir of non-phospho-p38 diminishes to enhance signaling without hyperactivation. Our findings show that modulating the stoichiometry of non-phospho-p38 dynamically supports tissue-homeostasis during aging without hyper-activation of stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yi M Weaver
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Svetlana Earnest
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Clinton A Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Melanie H Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin P Weaver
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Adepoju FO, Duru KC, Li E, Kovaleva EG, Tsurkan MV. Pharmacological Potential of Betulin as a Multitarget Compound. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1105. [PMID: 37509141 PMCID: PMC10377123 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulin is a natural triterpene, usually from birch bark, known for its potential wound-healing properties. Despite having a wide range of pharmacological targets, no studies have proposed betulin as a multitarget compound. Betulin has protective effects against cardiovascular and liver diseases, cancer, diabetes, oxidative stress, and inflammation. It reduces postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity, combats tumor cells by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting metastatic proteins, and modulates chronic inflammation by blocking the expression of proinflammatory cytokines via modulation of the NFκB and MAPKs pathways. Given its potential to influence diverse biological networks with high target specificity, it can be hypothesized that betulin may eventually become a new lead for drug development because it can modify a variety of pharmacological targets. The summarized research revealed that the diverse beneficial effects of betulin in various diseases can be attributed, at least in part, to its multitarget anti-inflammatory activity. This review focuses on the natural sources, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activity of betulin, and the multi-target effects of betulin on signaling pathways such as MAPK, NF-κB, and Nrf2, which are important regulators of the response to oxidative stress and inflammation in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyisayo O Adepoju
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Kingsley C Duru
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8021, USA
| | - Erguang Li
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Elena G Kovaleva
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Qiu B, Lawan A, Xirouchaki CE, Yi JS, Robert M, Zhang L, Brown W, Fernández-Hernando C, Yang X, Tiganis T, Bennett AM. MKP1 promotes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by suppressing AMPK activity through LKB1 nuclear retention. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.10.548263. [PMID: 37502892 PMCID: PMC10369865 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.10.548263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is triggered by hepatocyte death through activation of caspase 6, as a result of decreased adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase-alpha (AMPKα) activity. Increased hepatocellular death promotes inflammation which drives hepatic fibrosis. We show that the nuclear-localized mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1 (MKP1) is upregulated in NASH patients and in NASH diet fed mice. The focus of this work was to investigate whether and how MKP1 is involved in the development of NASH. Under NASH conditions increased oxidative stress, induces MKP1 expression leading to nuclear p38 MAPK dephosphorylation and decreased liver kinase B1 (LKB1) phosphorylation at a site required to promote LKB1 nuclear exit. Hepatic deletion of MKP1 in NASH diet fed mice released nuclear LKB1 into the cytoplasm to activate AMPKα and prevent hepatocellular death, inflammation and NASH. Hence, nuclear-localized MKP1-p38 MAPK-LKB1 signaling is required to suppress AMPKα which triggers hepatocyte death and the development of NASH.
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Wu X, Zhou C, Li X, Lin J, Aguila LCR, Wen F, Wang L. Genome-wide identification and immune response analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in tea geometrid, Ectropis grisescens Warren (Geometridae, Lepidoptera). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:344. [PMID: 37349677 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea geometrid Ectropis grisescens (Geometridae: Lepidoptera), is one of the most destructive defoliators in tea plantations in China. The MAPK cascade is known to be an evolutionarily conserved signaling module, acting as pivotal cores of host-pathogen interactions. Although the chromosome-level reference genome of E. grisescens was published, the whole MAPK cascade gene family has not been fully identified yet, especially the expression patterns of MAPK cascade gene family members upon an ecological biopesticide, Metarhizium anisopliae, remains to be understood. RESULTS In this study, we have identified 19 MAPK cascade gene family members in E. grisescens, including 5 MAPKs, 4 MAP2Ks, 8 MAP3Ks, and 2 MAP4Ks. The molecular evolution characteristics of the whole Eg-MAPK cascade gene family, including gene structures, protein structural organization, chromosomal localization, orthologs construction and gene duplication, were systematically investigated. Our results showed that the members of Eg-MAPK cascade gene family were unevenly distributed in 13 chromosomes, and the clustered members in each group shared similar structures of the genes and proteins. Gene expression data revealed that MAPK cascade genes were expressed in all four developmental stages of E. grisescens and were fairly and evenly distributed in four different larva tissues. Importantly, most of the MAPK cascade genes were induced or constitutively expressed upon M. anisopliae infection. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the present study was one of few studies on MAPK cascade gene in E. grisescens. The characterization and expression profiles of Eg-MAPK cascades genes might help develop new ecofriendly biological insecticides to protect tea trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops; Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- School of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, 239099, China
| | - Chenghua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops; Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops; Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jingyi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops; Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Luis Carlos Ramos Aguila
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops; Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Feng Wen
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China.
| | - Liande Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops; Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Ahn HY, Lee CH, Lee MK, Eom JS, Jeong YJ, Kim YD, Cho JS, Lee J, Lee SJ, Shin DH, Kim A. BRAF V600E Mutation of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Korean Patients. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1085. [PMID: 37374289 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: BRAF mutational status in resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the Korean population is poorly understood. We explored BRAF (particularly BRAF V600E) mutational status among Korean patients with NSCLC. Materials and Methods: This study included 378 patients with resected primary NSCLC who were enrolled from January 2015 to December 2017. The authors obtained formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks and performed peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-clamping polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting BRAF V600, real-time PCR for detecting BRAF V600E, and immunohistochemical analyses using the mutation-specific Ventana VE1 monoclonal antibody. For positive cases in any methods mentioned above, direct Sanger sequencing was additionally performed. Results: The PNA-clamping method revealed the BRAF V600 mutation in 5 (1.3%) of the 378 patients. Among these five patients, real-time PCR, direct Sanger sequencing detected BRAF V600E mutations in three (0.8%) patients. Thus, two cases showed differences in their PNA-clamping and the others. Direct Sanger sequencing of PNA-clamping PCR product was performed for two cases showing negative results on direct Sanger sequencing; both contained BRAF mutations other than V600E. All patients harboring BRAF mutations had adenocarcinomas, and all patients with V600E mutation exhibited minor micropapillary components. Conclusions: Despite the low incidence of the BRAF mutation among Korean patients with NSCLC, lung adenocarcinoma patients with micropapillary components should be prioritized in terms of BRAF mutation testing. Immunohistochemical staining using Ventana VE1 antibody may serve as a screening examination for BRAF V600E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Yeong Ahn
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeori, Mulgeum-eop, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hun Lee
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeori, Mulgeum-eop, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ki Lee
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeori, Mulgeum-eop, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Seop Eom
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeori, Mulgeum-eop, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Joo Jeong
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeori, Mulgeum-eop, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Yangsan Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Dae Kim
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeori, Mulgeum-eop, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Su Cho
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeori, Mulgeum-eop, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonggeun Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jeong Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seegene Medical Center, Busan 48792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeori, Mulgeum-eop, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Biomedical Research Institute, Yangsan Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahrong Kim
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeori, Mulgeum-eop, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
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Xian Z, Tian J, Zhao Y, Yi Y, Li C, Han J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang L, Liu S, Pan C, Liu C, Wang D, Meng J, Tang X, Wang F, Liang A. Differences in p38-STAT3-S100A11 signaling after the administration of aristolochic acid I and IVa may account for the disparity in their nephrotoxicity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154815. [PMID: 37062136 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety of herbs containing aristolochic acids (AAs) has become a widespread concern. Previous reports indicate that AAs are highly nephrotoxic and carcinogenic, although there are more than 170 analogues of aristolochic acid. Not all AAs have the same degree of nephrotoxicity or carcinogenicity. Previous studies have found that aristolochic acid IVa (AA-IVa), the principal component of AAs within members of the Aristolochiaceae family, especially Asarum, a commonly used herb in China, has essentially no significant nephrotoxicity. However, several studies, including ours, have shown that aristolochic acid I (AA-I) is clearly nephrotoxic. PURPOSE The focus of the study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism responsible for the difference in nephrotoxicity between the AA-I and AA-IVa. STUDY DESIGN/METHOD Mice were administered with AA-I or AA-IVa for 22 weeks through the oral route, followed by a 50-week recovery time. The kidney tissues of mice were extracted at the end of 22 weeks. Pathological examination and proteomic detection (tandem mass tagging (TMT) and phosphorylated proteomics) were performed on the kidney tissue to investigate the key signaling pathways and targets of AAs-induced renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). The key signaling pathways and targets were verified by Western blot (WB), siRNA transfection, and luciferase assays. RESULTS AA-I caused severe nephrotoxicity, high mortality, and extensive RIF. However, the same AA-IVa dosage exhibited almost no nephrotoxicity and does not trigger RIF. The activation of the p38-STAT3-S100A11 signaling pathway and upregulated expression of α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Bcl2-associated agonist of cell death (Bad) proteins could be the molecular mechanism underlying AA-I-induced nephrotoxicity. On the other hand, AA-IVa did not regulate the activation of the p38-STAT3-S100A11 signaling pathway and had relatively little effect on the expression of α-SMA and Bad. Consequently, the difference in the regulation of p38-STAT3-S100A11 pathway, α-SMA, and Bad proteins between AA-I and AA-IVa may be responsible for the divergence in their level of nephrotoxicity. CONCLUSION This is the first study to reveal the molecular mechanism underlying the difference in nephrotoxicity between AA-I and AA-IVa. Whether STAT3 is activated or not may be the key factor leading to the difference in nephrotoxicity between AA-I and AA-IVa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Xian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Experimental Research Center, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jingzhuo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jiayin Han
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Pathology Department, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Lianmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Suyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chenyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dunfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Aihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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43
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Lv H, Jin Z, Wang D, Guo X, Wang H, Yang S. Erk5 functions in modulation of zebrafish intestinal permeability. Cell Tissue Res 2023:10.1007/s00441-023-03786-2. [PMID: 37256363 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The intestine of zebrafish consists of mucosa, muscularis and serosa. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) act as a physical and biochemical barrier to protect against invasion by external commensal bacteria. Cell junction is one of the crucial basis of the barrier function. When cell junctions were disrupted, intestinal permeability would be naturally impeded. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), belonging to the Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, is involved in the normal physiological development of the cardiovascular system and nervous system. But the role of erk5 in intestinal morphogenesis and intestinal function is yet to know. Here, we showed that knockout of the erk5 in zebrafish larvae resulted in intestinal wall hypoplasia, including the thinned intestinal wall, reduced intestinal folds, and disrupted cell junctions. In addition, the intestinal permeability assay demonstrated that knockout of erk5 resulted in increased intestinal permeability. All of these showed that erk5 plays an essential role in the maintenance of intestinal barrier function. Thus, our data indicate that erk5 is a critical effector in intestinal morphogenesis and intestinal function, and dysfunction of erk5 would lead to intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Lv
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ziwei Jin
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dongxia Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Haihe Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Shulan Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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44
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Wang L, Li S, Cai K, Xiao Y, Ye L. TLR7 Agonists Modulate the Activation of Human Conjunctival Epithelial Cells Induced by IL-1β via the ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2023:10.1007/s10753-023-01818-1. [PMID: 37154978 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Conjunctival epithelia cells play an important role in the development of allergic reactions. TLR7 agonists have been shown in studies to increase the body's immunological tolerance by controlling the proportion of Th1/Th2 cells, although it is still unknown what impact this has on conjunctival epithelial cells. In this study, we examined the effect of TLR7 agonists on the inflammatory-activation of conjunctival epithelial cells induced by IL-1β. Quantitative PCR and ELISA analysis confirmed that TLR7 agonists could impair the proinflammatory cytokines released by the epithelia cells, whereas pro-inflammatory cytokines led to subsequent reactive oxygen species and neutrophil chemotaxis. Phosphorylation analysis and nucleocytoplasmic separation further confirmed that TLR7 agonists inhibit IL-1β-induced epithelia cells activation and ATP depletion via modulating the cytoplasmic residence of ERK1/2. Our finding indicated that TLR7 of conjunctival epithelia cells could be as a potent anti-inflammatory target for the ocular surface. And TLR7 agonists may become potential new drug for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shixu Li
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaihong Cai
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.
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45
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Chen Z, Huang Y, Wang B, Peng H, Wang X, Wu H, Chen W, Wang M. T cells: an emerging cast of roles in bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:153. [PMID: 37156764 PMCID: PMC10167236 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02445-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a distinctly heterogeneous and multifactorial disorder with a high individual and social burden. Immune pathway dysregulation is an important pathophysiological feature of BD. Recent studies have suggested a potential role for T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of BD. Therefore, greater insight into T lymphocytes' functioning in patients with BD is essential. In this narrative review, we describe the presence of an imbalance in the ratio and altered function of T lymphocyte subsets in BD patients, mainly in T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17 cells and regulatory T cells, and alterations in hormones, intracellular signaling, and microbiomes may be potential causes. Abnormal T cell presence explains the elevated rates of comorbid inflammatory illnesses in the BD population. We also update the findings on T cell-targeting drugs as potentially immunomodulatory therapeutic agents for BD disease in addition to classical mood stabilizers (lithium, valproic acid). In conclusion, an imbalance in T lymphocyte subpopulation ratios and altered function may be involved in the development of BD, and maintaining T cell immune homeostasis may provide an overall therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenni Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yiran Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Bingqi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Huanqie Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Hongzheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Wanxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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46
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Tkacik E, Li K, Gonzalez-Del Pino G, Ha BH, Vinals J, Park E, Beyett TS, Eck MJ. Structure and RAF family kinase isoform selectivity of type II RAF inhibitors tovorafenib and naporafenib. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104634. [PMID: 36963492 PMCID: PMC10149214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon activation by RAS, RAF family kinases initiate signaling through the MAP kinase cascade to control cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Among RAF isoforms (ARAF, BRAF, and CRAF), oncogenic mutations are by far most frequent in BRAF. The BRAFV600E mutation drives more than half of all malignant melanoma and is also found in many other cancers. Selective inhibitors of BRAFV600E (vemurafenib, dabrafenib, encorafenib) are used clinically for these indications, but they are not effective inhibitors in the context of oncogenic RAS, which drives dimerization and activation of RAF, nor for malignancies driven by aberrantly dimerized truncation/fusion variants of BRAF. By contrast, a number of "type II" RAF inhibitors have been developed as potent inhibitors of RAF dimers. Here, we compare potency of type II inhibitors tovorafenib (TAK-580) and naporafenib (LHX254) in biochemical assays against the three RAF isoforms and describe crystal structures of both compounds in complex with BRAF. We find that tovorafenib and naporafenib are most potent against CRAF but markedly less potent against ARAF. Crystal structures of both compounds with BRAFV600E or WT BRAF reveal the details of their molecular interactions, including the expected type II-binding mode, with full occupancy of both subunits of the BRAF dimer. Our findings have important clinical ramifications. Type II RAF inhibitors are generally regarded as pan-RAF inhibitors, but our studies of these two agents, together with recent work with type II inhibitors belvarafenib and naporafenib, indicate that relative sparing of ARAF may be a property of multiple drugs of this class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Tkacik
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kunhua Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gonzalo Gonzalez-Del Pino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Byung Hak Ha
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Javier Vinals
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eunyoung Park
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tyler S Beyett
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael J Eck
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Katzengruber L, Sander P, Laufer S. MKK4 Inhibitors-Recent Development Status and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087495. [PMID: 37108658 PMCID: PMC10144091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MKK4 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4; also referred to as MEK4) is a dual-specificity protein kinase that phosphorylates and regulates both JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and p38 MAPK (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways and therefore has a great impact on cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Overexpression of MKK4 has been associated with aggressive cancer types, including metastatic prostate and ovarian cancer and triple-negative breast cancer. In addition, MKK4 has been identified as a key regulator in liver regeneration. Therefore, MKK4 is a promising target both for cancer therapeutics and for the treatment of liver-associated diseases, offering an alternative to liver transplantation. The recent reports on new inhibitors, as well as the formation of a startup company investigating an inhibitor in clinical trials, show the importance and interest of MKK4 in drug discovery. In this review, we highlight the significance of MKK4 in cancer development and other diseases, as well as its unique role in liver regeneration. Furthermore, we present the most recent progress in MKK4 drug discovery and future challenges in the development of MKK4-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Katzengruber
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pascal Sander
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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48
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Prasad S, Kumar V, Singh C, Singh A. Crosstalk between phytochemicals and inflammatory signaling pathways. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1117-1147. [PMID: 37022574 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Novel bioactive constituents from natural sources are actively being investigated. The phytochemicals in these phenolic compounds are believed to have a variety of beneficial effects on human health. Several phenolic compounds have been found in plants. The antioxidant potential of phenols has been discussed in numerous studies along with their anti-inflammatory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine, inducible cyclooxygenase-2, and nitric oxide synthase. Through current study, an attempt is made to outline and highlight a wide variety of inflammation-associated signaling pathways that have been modified by several natural compounds. These signaling pathways include nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-кB), activator protein (AP)-1, protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factors, tyrosine phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In light of the influence of natural substances on signaling pathways, their impact on the production of inflammatory mediator is highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonima Prasad
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Vishal Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India.
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49
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Kisty EA, Falco JA, Weerapana E. Redox proteomics combined with proximity labeling enables monitoring of localized cysteine oxidation in cells. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:321-336.e6. [PMID: 36889310 PMCID: PMC10069010 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can modulate protein function through cysteine oxidation. Identifying protein targets of ROS can provide insight into uncharacterized ROS-regulated pathways. Several redox-proteomic workflows, such as oxidative isotope-coded affinity tags (OxICAT), exist to identify sites of cysteine oxidation. However, determining ROS targets localized within subcellular compartments and ROS hotspots remains challenging with existing workflows. Here, we present a chemoproteomic platform, PL-OxICAT, which combines proximity labeling (PL) with OxICAT to monitor localized cysteine oxidation events. We show that TurboID-based PL-OxICAT can monitor cysteine oxidation events within subcellular compartments such as the mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane space. Furthermore, we use ascorbate peroxidase (APEX)-based PL-OxICAT to monitor oxidation events within ROS hotspots by using endogenous ROS as the source of peroxide for APEX activation. Together, these platforms further hone our ability to monitor cysteine oxidation events within specific subcellular locations and ROS hotspots and provide a deeper understanding of the protein targets of endogenous and exogenous ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni A Kisty
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Julia A Falco
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
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50
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Sex Differences in the Expression of Neuroimmune Molecules in the Spinal Cord of a Mouse Model of Antiretroviral-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030875. [PMID: 36979854 PMCID: PMC10045154 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), drugs used to treat HIV infection, can cause neuropathic pain (NP) and neuroinflammation. An NRTI, 2′-3′-dideoxycytidine (ddC), was reported to induce mechanical allodynia and increase proinflammatory cytokines in the brains of female mice. In some models of NP, microglia activation is important for NP pathophysiology in male mice, while T cells are important in female mice. Age-matched female and male mice (BALB/c strain) treated intraperitoneally once daily with ddC for 5 days developed mechanical allodynia. Treatment with ddC increased Cd11b, H2-Aa, Cd3e, Mapk1, Il1b, Tnf, and Il10 mRNA levels in the spinal cords of female, but not male, mice, whereas there was no alteration found in Gfap and Mapk14 transcripts in both sexes on day 7 after ddC administration. The protein expression of CD11b and phospho-p38 MAPK was significantly increased in the spinal cords of ddC-treated female, but not male, mice, whereas Iba1 protein was elevated in ddC-treated male mice. There was no change in GFAP, CD3e, and phospho-p44/42 MAPK protein levels in both sexes. Thus, changes in neuroimmune cells and molecules in the spinal cords during ddC-induced neuroinflammation were sex-dependent, with female mice being more prone to neuroimmune changes than male mice.
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