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Barrier J, Kim M, Kumar RK, Xin N, Kumaravadivel P, Hague L, Nguyen E, Berdyugin AI, Moulsdale C, Enaldiev VV, Prance JR, Koppens FHL, Gorbachev RV, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Glazman LI, Grigorieva IV, Fal'ko VI, Geim AK. One-dimensional proximity superconductivity in the quantum Hall regime. Nature 2024; 628:741-745. [PMID: 38658686 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07271-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Extensive efforts have been undertaken to combine superconductivity and the quantum Hall effect so that Cooper-pair transport between superconducting electrodes in Josephson junctions is mediated by one-dimensional edge states1-6. This interest has been motivated by prospects of finding new physics, including topologically protected quasiparticles7-9, but also extends into metrology and device applications10-13. So far it has proven challenging to achieve detectable supercurrents through quantum Hall conductors2,3,6. Here we show that domain walls in minimally twisted bilayer graphene14-18 support exceptionally robust proximity superconductivity in the quantum Hall regime, allowing Josephson junctions to operate in fields close to the upper critical field of superconducting electrodes. The critical current is found to be non-oscillatory and practically unchanging over the entire range of quantizing fields, with its value being limited by the quantum conductance of ballistic, strictly one-dimensional, electronic channels residing within the domain walls. The system described is unique in its ability to support Andreev bound states at quantizing fields and offers many interesting directions for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Barrier
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yong-in, South Korea
| | - Roshan Krishna Kumar
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Na Xin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - P Kumaravadivel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lee Hague
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E Nguyen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A I Berdyugin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Christian Moulsdale
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - V V Enaldiev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J R Prance
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - F H L Koppens
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R V Gorbachev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - K Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - L I Glazman
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - I V Grigorieva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - V I Fal'ko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A K Geim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Wang TH, Watanabe K, Hamada N, Tani-Ishii N. Role of MAPKs in TGF-β1-induced maturation and mineralization in human osteoblast-like cells. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:61-67. [PMID: 38110177 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to clarify the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-stimulated mineralization in the human osteoblast-like MG63 cells. METHODS The viability of MG63 cells under TGF-β1 stimulation was assessed by MTS assay. Western blotting determined TGF-β1-mediated activation of extracellular signal-related protein kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK). Mineralization-related gene expression was examined by quantitative real-time PCR, and mineral deposition levels were evaluated by alizarin red S staining. RESULTS TGF-β1 had no effect on MG63 cell proliferation. Activation of p38 was observed at 3 h post TGF-β1 stimulation. Moreover, JNK phosphorylation was upregulated by TGF-β1 from 1 to 6 h post stimulation, but had no activation on ERK phosphorylation throughout the experimental period. Treatment with JNK inhibitor diminished the alizarin red S-stained area in a dose-dependent manner. Mineral deposition was unaffected by MEK inhibitor, whereas p38 inhibitor increased the red-stained area. Gene expression levels of ALP and BSP were significantly decreased under treatment with JNK inhibitor and p38 inhibitor. The MEK inhibitor had no effect on the TGF-β1-mediated upregulation of ALP and BSP. Although all three inhibitors suppressed expression of COL I, none were found to stimulate expression of OCN. CONCLUSIONS Human osteoblast-like MG63 cells maturation and mineralization are induced through JNK activation of MAPK signaling in response to TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsuan Wang
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Watanabe
- Department of Liberal Arts Education, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Nobushiro Hamada
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tani-Ishii
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, 238-8580, Japan.
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Srivastav SK, Udupa A, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Sen D, Das A. Electric-Field-Tunable Edge Transport in Bernal-Stacked Trilayer Graphene. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:096301. [PMID: 38489611 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.096301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
This Letter presents a nonlocal study on the electric-field-tunable edge transport in h-BN-encapsulated dual-gated Bernal-stacked (ABA) trilayer graphene across various displacement fields (D) and temperatures (T). Our measurements revealed that the nonlocal resistance (R_{NL}) surpassed the expected classical Ohmic contribution by a factor of at least 2 orders of magnitude. Through scaling analysis, we found that the nonlocal resistance scales linearly with the local resistance (R_{L}) only when the D exceeds a critical value of ∼0.2 V/nm. Additionally, we observed that the scaling exponent remains constant at unity for temperatures below the bulk-band gap energy threshold (T<25 K). Further, the value of R_{NL} decreases in a linear fashion as the channel length (L) increases. These experimental findings provide evidence for edge-mediated charge transport in ABA trilayer graphene under the influence of a finite displacement field. Furthermore, our theoretical calculations support these results by demonstrating the emergence of dispersive edge modes within the bulk-band gap energy range when a sufficient displacement field is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adithi Udupa
- Centre for High Energy Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - K Watanabe
- National Institute of Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- National Institute of Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Diptiman Sen
- Centre for High Energy Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Anindya Das
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Takeshita T, Iwamoto T, Niikura N, Watanabe K, Kikawa Y, Kobayashi K, Iwakuma N, Okamura T, Tada H, Ozaki S, Okuno T, Toh U, Yamamoto Y, Tsuneizumi M, Ishiguro H, Masuda N, Saji S. Identifying prognostic biomarkers for palbociclib add-on therapy in fulvestrant-resistant breast cancer using cell-free DNA sequencing. ESMO Open 2024; 9:102385. [PMID: 38387111 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FUTURE trial (UMIN000029294) demonstrated the safety and efficacy of adding palbociclib after fulvestrant resistance in patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) advanced and metastatic breast cancer (ABC/MBC). In this planned sub-study, cancer panel sequencing of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was utilized to explore prognostic and predictive biomarkers for further palbociclib treatment following fulvestrant resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Herein, 149 cfDNA samples from 65 patients with fulvestrant-resistant disease were analysed at the time of palbociclib addition after fulvestrant resistance (baseline), on day 15 of cycle 1, and at the end of treatment using the assay for identifying diverse mutations in 34 cancer-related genes. RESULTS During the course of treatment, mutations in ESR1, PIK3CA, FOXA1, RUNX1, TBX3, and TP53 were the most common genomic alterations observed. Analysis of genomic mutations revealed that before fulvestrant introduction, baseline PIK3CA mutations were marginally lower in metastatic aromatase inhibitor (AI)-treated patients compared to adjuvant AI-treated patients (P = 0.063). Baseline PIK3CA mutations were associated with poorer progression-free survival [hazard ratio: 1.62, P = 0.04]. Comparative analysis between baseline and early-changing gene mutations identified poor prognostic factors including early-changing MAP3K1 mutations (hazard ratio: 4.66, P = 0.04), baseline AR mutations (hazard ratio: 3.53, P = 0.04), and baseline PIK3CA mutations (hazard ratio: 3.41, P = 0.02). Notably, the relationship between ESR1 mutations and mutations in PIK3CA, MAP3K1, and TP53 weakened as treatment progressed. Instead, PIK3CA mutations became correlated with TP53 and FOXA1 mutations. CONCLUSIONS Cancer panel testing for cfDNA identified prognostic and predictive biomarkers for palbociclib add-on therapy after acquiring fulvestrant resistance in patients with HR+/HER2- ABC/MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takeshita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kumamoto City Hospital, Kumamoto.
| | - T Iwamoto
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital, Kurashiki
| | - N Niikura
- Department of Breast Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa
| | - K Watanabe
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido
| | - Y Kikawa
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Hirakata, Osaka
| | - K Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, Chuo-ku, Saitama
| | - N Iwakuma
- Breast Center, Department of Breast Surgery, NHO Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka
| | - T Okamura
- Department of Breast Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa
| | - H Tada
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi
| | - S Ozaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Breast Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima
| | - T Okuno
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Hyogo
| | - U Toh
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Fukuoka
| | - Y Yamamoto
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto
| | - M Tsuneizumi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka
| | - H Ishiguro
- Breast Oncology Service, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama
| | - N Masuda
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | - S Saji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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Abidi E, Khan A, Delgado-Notario JA, Clericó V, Calvo-Gallego J, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Otsuji T, Velázquez JE, Meziani YM. Terahertz Detection by Asymmetric Dual Grating Gate Bilayer Graphene FETs with Integrated Bowtie Antenna. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:383. [PMID: 38392756 PMCID: PMC10891749 DOI: 10.3390/nano14040383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
An asymmetric dual-grating gate bilayer graphene-based field effect transistor (ADGG-GFET) with an integrated bowtie antenna was fabricated and its response as a Terahertz (THz) detector was experimentally investigated. The device was cooled down to 4.5 K, and excited at different frequencies (0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 THz) using a THz solid-state source. The integration of the bowtie antenna allowed to obtain a substantial increase in the photocurrent response (up to 8 nA) of the device at the three studied frequencies as compared to similar transistors lacking the integrated antenna (1 nA). The photocurrent increase was observed for all the studied values of the bias voltage applied to both the top and back gates. Besides the action of the antenna that helps the coupling of THz radiation to the transistor channel, the observed enhancement by nearly one order of magnitude of the photoresponse is also related to the modulation of the hole and electron concentration profiles inside the transistor channel by the bias voltages imposed to the top and back gates. The creation of local n and p regions leads to the formation of homojuctions (np, pn or pp+) along the channel that strongly affects the overall photoresponse of the detector. Additionally, the bias of both back and top gates could induce an opening of the gap of the bilayer graphene channel that would also contribute to the photocurrent.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Abidi
- Nanotech Group, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (A.K.); (J.A.D.-N.); (V.C.); (J.C.-G.); (J.E.V.)
| | - A. Khan
- Nanotech Group, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (A.K.); (J.A.D.-N.); (V.C.); (J.C.-G.); (J.E.V.)
| | - J. A. Delgado-Notario
- Nanotech Group, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (A.K.); (J.A.D.-N.); (V.C.); (J.C.-G.); (J.E.V.)
| | - V. Clericó
- Nanotech Group, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (A.K.); (J.A.D.-N.); (V.C.); (J.C.-G.); (J.E.V.)
| | - J. Calvo-Gallego
- Nanotech Group, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (A.K.); (J.A.D.-N.); (V.C.); (J.C.-G.); (J.E.V.)
| | - T. Taniguchi
- National Institute of Material Sciences, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan; (T.T.); (K.W.)
| | - K. Watanabe
- National Institute of Material Sciences, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan; (T.T.); (K.W.)
| | - T. Otsuji
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan;
| | - J. E. Velázquez
- Nanotech Group, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (A.K.); (J.A.D.-N.); (V.C.); (J.C.-G.); (J.E.V.)
| | - Y. M. Meziani
- Nanotech Group, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (A.K.); (J.A.D.-N.); (V.C.); (J.C.-G.); (J.E.V.)
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Uto T, Evrard B, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kroner M, İmamoğlu A. Interaction-Induced ac Stark Shift of Exciton-Polaron Resonances. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:056901. [PMID: 38364159 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.056901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Laser-induced shift of atomic states due to the ac Stark effect has played a central role in cold-atom physics and facilitated their emergence as analog quantum simulators. Here, we explore this phenomenon in an atomically thin layer of semiconductor MoSe_{2}, which we embedded in a heterostructure enabling charge tunability. Shining an intense pump laser with a small detuning from the material resonances, we generate a large population of virtual collective excitations and achieve a regime where interactions with this background population are the leading contribution to the ac Stark shift. Using this technique we study how itinerant charges modify-and dramatically enhance-the interactions between optical excitations. In particular, our experiments show that the interaction between attractive polarons could be more than an order of magnitude stronger than those between bare excitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Uto
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - B Evrard
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, NIMS, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, NIMS, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - M Kroner
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A İmamoğlu
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Staplin N, Haynes R, Judge PK, Wanner C, Green JB, Emberson J, Preiss D, Mayne KJ, Ng SYA, Sammons E, Zhu D, Hill M, Stevens W, Wallendszus K, Brenner S, Cheung AK, Liu ZH, Li J, Hooi LS, Liu WJ, Kadowaki T, Nangaku M, Levin A, Cherney D, Maggioni AP, Pontremoli R, Deo R, Goto S, Rossello X, Tuttle KR, Steubl D, Petrini M, Seidi S, Landray MJ, Baigent C, Herrington WG, Abat S, Abd Rahman R, Abdul Cader R, Abdul Hafidz MI, Abdul Wahab MZ, Abdullah NK, Abdul-Samad T, Abe M, Abraham N, Acheampong S, Achiri P, Acosta JA, Adeleke A, Adell V, Adewuyi-Dalton R, Adnan N, Africano A, Agharazii M, Aguilar F, Aguilera A, Ahmad M, Ahmad MK, Ahmad NA, Ahmad NH, Ahmad NI, Ahmad Miswan N, Ahmad Rosdi H, Ahmed I, Ahmed S, Ahmed S, Aiello J, Aitken A, AitSadi R, Aker S, Akimoto S, Akinfolarin A, Akram S, Alberici F, Albert C, Aldrich L, Alegata M, Alexander L, Alfaress S, Alhadj Ali M, Ali A, Ali A, Alicic R, Aliu A, Almaraz R, Almasarwah R, Almeida J, Aloisi A, Al-Rabadi L, Alscher D, Alvarez P, Al-Zeer B, Amat M, Ambrose C, Ammar H, An Y, Andriaccio L, Ansu K, Apostolidi A, Arai N, Araki H, Araki S, Arbi A, Arechiga O, Armstrong S, Arnold T, Aronoff S, Arriaga W, Arroyo J, Arteaga D, Asahara S, Asai A, Asai N, Asano S, Asawa M, Asmee MF, Aucella F, Augustin M, Avery A, Awad A, Awang IY, Awazawa M, Axler A, Ayub W, Azhari Z, Baccaro R, Badin C, Bagwell B, Bahlmann-Kroll E, Bahtar AZ, Baigent C, Bains D, Bajaj H, Baker R, Baldini E, Banas B, Banerjee D, Banno S, Bansal S, Barberi S, Barnes S, Barnini C, Barot C, Barrett K, Barrios R, Bartolomei Mecatti B, Barton I, Barton J, Basily W, Bavanandan S, Baxter A, Becker L, Beddhu S, Beige J, Beigh S, Bell S, Benck U, Beneat A, Bennett A, Bennett D, Benyon S, Berdeprado J, Bergler T, Bergner A, Berry M, Bevilacqua M, Bhairoo J, Bhandari S, Bhandary N, Bhatt A, Bhattarai M, Bhavsar M, Bian W, Bianchini F, Bianco S, Bilous R, Bilton J, Bilucaglia D, Bird C, Birudaraju D, Biscoveanu M, Blake C, Bleakley N, Bocchicchia K, Bodine S, Bodington R, Boedecker S, Bolduc M, Bolton S, Bond C, Boreky F, Boren K, Bouchi R, Bough L, Bovan D, Bowler C, Bowman L, Brar N, Braun C, Breach A, Breitenfeldt M, Brenner S, Brettschneider B, Brewer A, Brewer G, Brindle V, Brioni E, Brown C, Brown H, Brown L, Brown R, Brown S, Browne D, Bruce K, Brueckmann M, Brunskill N, Bryant M, Brzoska M, Bu Y, Buckman C, Budoff M, Bullen M, Burke A, Burnette S, Burston C, Busch M, Bushnell J, Butler S, Büttner C, Byrne C, Caamano A, Cadorna J, Cafiero C, Cagle M, Cai J, Calabrese K, Calvi C, Camilleri B, Camp S, Campbell D, Campbell R, Cao H, Capelli I, Caple M, Caplin B, Cardone A, Carle J, Carnall V, Caroppo M, Carr S, Carraro G, Carson M, Casares P, Castillo C, Castro C, Caudill B, Cejka V, Ceseri M, Cham L, Chamberlain A, Chambers J, Chan CBT, Chan JYM, Chan YC, Chang E, Chang E, Chant T, Chavagnon T, Chellamuthu P, Chen F, Chen J, Chen P, Chen TM, Chen Y, Chen Y, Cheng C, Cheng H, Cheng MC, Cherney D, Cheung AK, Ching CH, Chitalia N, Choksi R, Chukwu C, Chung K, Cianciolo G, Cipressa L, Clark S, Clarke H, Clarke R, Clarke S, Cleveland B, Cole E, Coles H, Condurache L, Connor A, Convery K, Cooper A, Cooper N, Cooper Z, Cooperman L, Cosgrove L, Coutts P, Cowley A, Craik R, Cui G, Cummins T, Dahl N, Dai H, Dajani L, D'Amelio A, Damian E, Damianik K, Danel L, Daniels C, Daniels T, Darbeau S, Darius H, Dasgupta T, Davies J, Davies L, Davis A, Davis J, Davis L, Dayanandan R, Dayi S, Dayrell R, De Nicola L, Debnath S, Deeb W, Degenhardt S, DeGoursey K, Delaney M, Deo R, DeRaad R, Derebail V, Dev D, Devaux M, Dhall P, Dhillon G, Dienes J, Dobre M, Doctolero E, Dodds V, Domingo D, Donaldson D, Donaldson P, Donhauser C, Donley V, Dorestin S, Dorey S, Doulton T, Draganova D, Draxlbauer K, Driver F, Du H, Dube F, Duck T, Dugal T, Dugas J, Dukka H, Dumann H, Durham W, Dursch M, Dykas R, Easow R, Eckrich E, Eden G, Edmerson E, Edwards H, Ee LW, Eguchi J, Ehrl Y, Eichstadt K, Eid W, Eilerman B, Ejima Y, Eldon H, Ellam T, Elliott L, Ellison R, Emberson J, Epp R, Er A, Espino-Obrero M, Estcourt S, Estienne L, Evans G, Evans J, Evans S, Fabbri G, Fajardo-Moser M, Falcone C, Fani F, Faria-Shayler P, Farnia F, Farrugia D, Fechter M, Fellowes D, Feng F, Fernandez J, Ferraro P, Field A, Fikry S, Finch J, Finn H, Fioretto P, Fish R, Fleischer A, Fleming-Brown D, Fletcher L, Flora R, Foellinger C, Foligno N, Forest S, Forghani Z, Forsyth K, Fottrell-Gould D, Fox P, Frankel A, Fraser D, Frazier R, Frederick K, Freking N, French H, Froment A, Fuchs B, Fuessl L, Fujii H, Fujimoto A, Fujita A, Fujita K, Fujita Y, Fukagawa M, Fukao Y, Fukasawa A, Fuller T, Funayama T, Fung E, Furukawa M, Furukawa Y, Furusho M, Gabel S, Gaidu J, Gaiser S, Gallo K, Galloway C, Gambaro G, Gan CC, Gangemi C, Gao M, Garcia K, Garcia M, Garofalo C, Garrity M, Garza A, Gasko S, Gavrila M, Gebeyehu B, Geddes A, Gentile G, George A, George J, Gesualdo L, Ghalli F, Ghanem A, Ghate T, Ghavampour S, Ghazi A, Gherman A, Giebeln-Hudnell U, Gill B, Gillham S, Girakossyan I, Girndt M, Giuffrida A, Glenwright M, Glider T, Gloria R, Glowski D, Goh BL, Goh CB, Gohda T, Goldenberg R, Goldfaden R, Goldsmith C, Golson B, Gonce V, Gong Q, Goodenough B, Goodwin N, Goonasekera M, Gordon A, Gordon J, Gore A, Goto H, Goto S, Goto S, Gowen D, Grace A, Graham J, Grandaliano G, Gray M, Green JB, Greene T, Greenwood G, Grewal B, Grifa R, Griffin D, Griffin S, Grimmer P, Grobovaite E, Grotjahn S, Guerini A, Guest C, Gunda S, Guo B, Guo Q, Haack S, Haase M, Haaser K, Habuki K, Hadley A, Hagan S, Hagge S, Haller H, Ham S, Hamal S, Hamamoto Y, Hamano N, Hamm M, Hanburry A, Haneda M, Hanf C, Hanif W, Hansen J, Hanson L, Hantel S, Haraguchi T, Harding E, Harding T, Hardy C, Hartner C, Harun Z, Harvill L, Hasan A, Hase H, Hasegawa F, Hasegawa T, Hashimoto A, Hashimoto C, Hashimoto M, Hashimoto S, Haskett S, Hauske SJ, Hawfield A, Hayami T, Hayashi M, Hayashi S, Haynes R, Hazara A, Healy C, Hecktman J, Heine G, Henderson H, Henschel R, Hepditch A, Herfurth K, Hernandez G, Hernandez Pena A, Hernandez-Cassis C, Herrington WG, Herzog C, Hewins S, Hewitt D, Hichkad L, Higashi S, Higuchi C, Hill C, Hill L, Hill M, Himeno T, Hing A, Hirakawa Y, Hirata K, Hirota Y, Hisatake T, Hitchcock S, Hodakowski A, Hodge W, Hogan R, Hohenstatt U, Hohenstein B, Hooi L, Hope S, Hopley M, Horikawa S, Hosein D, Hosooka T, Hou L, Hou W, Howie L, Howson A, Hozak M, Htet Z, Hu X, Hu Y, Huang J, Huda N, Hudig L, Hudson A, Hugo C, Hull R, Hume L, Hundei W, Hunt N, Hunter A, Hurley S, Hurst A, Hutchinson C, Hyo T, Ibrahim FH, Ibrahim S, Ihana N, Ikeda T, Imai A, Imamine R, Inamori A, Inazawa H, Ingell J, Inomata K, Inukai Y, Ioka M, Irtiza-Ali A, Isakova T, Isari W, Iselt M, Ishiguro A, Ishihara K, Ishikawa T, Ishimoto T, Ishizuka K, Ismail R, Itano S, Ito H, Ito K, Ito M, Ito Y, Iwagaitsu S, Iwaita Y, Iwakura T, Iwamoto M, Iwasa M, Iwasaki H, Iwasaki S, Izumi K, Izumi K, Izumi T, Jaafar SM, Jackson C, Jackson Y, Jafari G, Jahangiriesmaili M, Jain N, Jansson K, Jasim 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S, Kiyosue A, Kiyota M, Klauser F, Klausmann G, Kmietschak W, Knapp K, Knight C, Knoppe A, Knott C, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi R, Kobayashi T, Koch M, Kodama S, Kodani N, Kogure E, Koizumi M, Kojima H, Kojo T, Kolhe N, Komaba H, Komiya T, Komori H, Kon SP, Kondo M, Kondo M, Kong W, Konishi M, Kono K, Koshino M, Kosugi T, Kothapalli B, Kozlowski T, Kraemer B, Kraemer-Guth A, Krappe J, Kraus D, Kriatselis C, Krieger C, Krish P, Kruger B, Ku Md Razi KR, Kuan Y, Kubota S, Kuhn S, Kumar P, Kume S, Kummer I, Kumuji R, Küpper A, Kuramae T, Kurian L, Kuribayashi C, Kurien R, Kuroda E, Kurose T, Kutschat A, Kuwabara N, Kuwata H, La Manna G, Lacey M, Lafferty K, LaFleur P, Lai V, Laity E, Lambert A, Landray MJ, Langlois M, Latif F, Latore E, Laundy E, Laurienti D, Lawson A, Lay M, Leal I, Leal I, Lee AK, Lee J, Lee KQ, Lee R, Lee SA, Lee YY, Lee-Barkey Y, Leonard N, Leoncini G, Leong CM, Lerario S, Leslie A, Levin A, Lewington A, Li J, Li N, Li X, Li Y, Liberti L, Liberti ME, Liew A, Liew YF, Lilavivat U, Lim SK, Lim YS, Limon E, Lin H, Lioudaki E, Liu H, Liu J, Liu L, Liu Q, Liu WJ, Liu X, Liu Z, Loader D, Lochhead H, Loh CL, Lorimer A, Loudermilk L, Loutan J, Low CK, Low CL, Low YM, Lozon Z, Lu Y, Lucci D, Ludwig U, Luker N, Lund D, Lustig R, Lyle S, Macdonald C, MacDougall I, Machicado R, MacLean D, Macleod P, Madera A, Madore F, Maeda K, Maegawa H, Maeno S, Mafham M, Magee J, Maggioni AP, Mah DY, Mahabadi V, Maiguma M, Makita Y, Makos G, Manco L, Mangiacapra R, Manley J, Mann P, Mano S, Marcotte G, Maris J, Mark P, Markau S, Markovic M, Marshall C, Martin M, Martinez C, Martinez S, Martins G, Maruyama K, Maruyama S, Marx K, Maselli A, Masengu A, Maskill A, Masumoto S, Masutani K, Matsumoto M, Matsunaga T, Matsuoka N, Matsushita M, Matthews M, Matthias S, Matvienko E, Maurer M, Maxwell P, Mayne KJ, Mazlan N, Mazlan SA, Mbuyisa A, McCafferty K, McCarroll F, McCarthy T, McClary-Wright C, McCray K, McDermott P, McDonald C, McDougall R, McHaffie E, McIntosh K, McKinley T, McLaughlin S, McLean N, McNeil L, Measor A, Meek J, Mehta A, Mehta R, Melandri M, Mené P, Meng T, Menne J, Merritt K, Merscher S, Meshykhi C, Messa P, Messinger L, Miftari N, Miller R, Miller Y, Miller-Hodges E, Minatoguchi M, Miners M, Minutolo R, Mita T, Miura Y, Miyaji M, Miyamoto S, Miyatsuka T, Miyazaki M, Miyazawa I, Mizumachi R, Mizuno M, Moffat S, Mohamad Nor FS, Mohamad Zaini SN, Mohamed Affandi FA, Mohandas C, Mohd R, Mohd Fauzi NA, Mohd Sharif NH, Mohd Yusoff Y, Moist L, Moncada A, Montasser M, Moon A, Moran C, Morgan N, Moriarty J, Morig G, Morinaga H, Morino K, Morisaki T, Morishita Y, Morlok S, Morris A, Morris F, Mostafa S, Mostefai Y, Motegi M, Motherwell N, Motta D, Mottl A, Moys R, Mozaffari S, Muir J, Mulhern J, Mulligan S, Munakata Y, Murakami C, Murakoshi M, Murawska A, Murphy K, Murphy L, Murray S, Murtagh H, Musa MA, Mushahar L, Mustafa R, Mustafar R, Muto M, Nadar E, Nagano R, Nagasawa T, Nagashima E, Nagasu H, Nagelberg S, Nair H, Nakagawa Y, Nakahara M, Nakamura J, Nakamura R, Nakamura T, Nakaoka M, Nakashima E, Nakata J, Nakata M, Nakatani S, Nakatsuka A, Nakayama Y, Nakhoul G, Nangaku M, Naverrete G, Navivala A, Nazeer I, Negrea L, Nethaji C, Newman E, Ng SYA, Ng TJ, Ngu LLS, Nimbkar T, Nishi H, Nishi M, Nishi S, Nishida Y, Nishiyama A, Niu J, Niu P, Nobili G, Nohara N, Nojima I, Nolan J, Nosseir H, Nozawa M, Nunn M, Nunokawa S, Oda M, Oe M, Oe Y, Ogane K, Ogawa W, Ogihara T, Oguchi G, Ohsugi M, Oishi K, Okada Y, Okajyo J, Okamoto S, Okamura K, Olufuwa O, Oluyombo R, Omata A, Omori Y, Ong LM, Ong YC, Onyema J, Oomatia A, Oommen A, Oremus R, Orimo Y, Ortalda V, Osaki Y, Osawa Y, Osmond Foster J, O'Sullivan A, Otani T, Othman N, Otomo S, O'Toole J, Owen L, Ozawa T, Padiyar A, Page N, Pajak S, Paliege A, Pandey A, Pandey R, Pariani H, Park J, Parrigon M, Passauer J, Patecki M, Patel M, Patel R, Patel T, Patel Z, Paul R, Paul R, Paulsen L, Pavone L, Peixoto A, Peji J, Peng BC, Peng K, Pennino L, Pereira E, Perez E, Pergola P, Pesce F, Pessolano G, Petchey W, Petr EJ, Pfab T, Phelan P, Phillips R, Phillips T, Phipps M, Piccinni G, Pickett T, Pickworth S, Piemontese M, Pinto D, Piper J, Plummer-Morgan J, Poehler D, Polese L, Poma V, Pontremoli R, Postal A, Pötz C, Power A, Pradhan N, Pradhan R, Preiss D, Preiss E, Preston K, Prib N, Price L, Provenzano C, Pugay C, Pulido R, Putz F, Qiao Y, Quartagno R, Quashie-Akponeware M, Rabara R, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Radhakrishnan D, Radley M, Raff R, Raguwaran S, Rahbari-Oskoui F, Rahman M, Rahmat K, Ramadoss S, Ramanaidu S, Ramasamy S, Ramli R, Ramli S, Ramsey T, Rankin A, Rashidi A, Raymond L, Razali WAFA, Read K, Reiner H, Reisler A, Reith C, Renner J, Rettenmaier B, Richmond L, Rijos D, Rivera R, Rivers V, Robinson H, Rocco M, Rodriguez-Bachiller I, Rodriquez R, Roesch C, Roesch J, Rogers J, Rohnstock M, Rolfsmeier S, Roman M, Romo A, Rosati A, Rosenberg S, Ross T, Rossello X, Roura M, Roussel M, Rovner S, Roy S, Rucker S, Rump L, Ruocco M, Ruse S, Russo F, Russo M, Ryder M, Sabarai A, Saccà C, Sachson R, Sadler E, Safiee NS, Sahani M, Saillant A, Saini J, Saito C, Saito S, Sakaguchi K, Sakai M, Salim H, Salviani C, Sammons E, Sampson A, Samson F, Sandercock P, Sanguila S, Santorelli G, Santoro D, Sarabu N, Saram T, Sardell R, Sasajima H, Sasaki T, Satko S, Sato A, Sato D, Sato H, Sato H, Sato J, Sato T, Sato Y, Satoh M, Sawada K, Schanz M, Scheidemantel F, Schemmelmann M, Schettler E, Schettler V, Schlieper GR, Schmidt C, Schmidt G, Schmidt U, Schmidt-Gurtler H, Schmude M, Schneider A, Schneider I, Schneider-Danwitz C, Schomig M, Schramm T, Schreiber A, Schricker S, Schroppel B, Schulte-Kemna L, Schulz E, Schumacher B, Schuster A, Schwab A, Scolari F, Scott A, Seeger W, Seeger W, Segal M, Seifert L, Seifert M, Sekiya M, Sellars R, Seman MR, Shah S, Shah S, Shainberg L, Shanmuganathan M, Shao F, Sharma K, Sharpe C, Sheikh-Ali M, Sheldon J, Shenton C, Shepherd A, Shepperd M, Sheridan R, Sheriff Z, Shibata Y, Shigehara T, Shikata K, Shimamura K, Shimano H, Shimizu Y, Shimoda H, Shin K, Shivashankar G, Shojima N, Silva R, Sim CSB, Simmons K, Sinha S, Sitter T, Sivanandam S, Skipper M, Sloan K, Sloan L, Smith R, Smyth J, Sobande T, Sobata M, Somalanka S, Song X, Sonntag F, Sood B, Sor SY, Soufer J, Sparks H, Spatoliatore G, Spinola T, Squyres S, Srivastava A, Stanfield J, Staplin N, Staylor K, Steele A, Steen O, Steffl D, Stegbauer J, Stellbrink C, Stellbrink E, Stevens W, Stevenson A, Stewart-Ray V, Stickley J, Stoffler D, Stratmann B, Streitenberger S, Strutz F, Stubbs J, Stumpf J, Suazo N, Suchinda P, Suckling R, Sudin A, Sugamori K, Sugawara H, Sugawara K, Sugimoto D, Sugiyama H, Sugiyama H, Sugiyama T, Sullivan M, Sumi M, Suresh N, Sutton D, Suzuki H, Suzuki R, Suzuki Y, Suzuki Y, Suzuki Y, Swanson E, Swift P, Syed S, Szerlip H, Taal M, Taddeo M, Tailor C, Tajima K, Takagi M, Takahashi K, Takahashi K, Takahashi M, Takahashi T, Takahira E, Takai T, Takaoka M, Takeoka J, Takesada A, Takezawa M, Talbot M, Taliercio J, Talsania T, Tamori Y, Tamura R, Tamura Y, Tan CHH, Tan EZZ, Tanabe A, Tanabe K, Tanaka A, Tanaka A, Tanaka N, Tang S, Tang Z, Tanigaki K, Tarlac M, Tatsuzawa A, Tay JF, Tay LL, Taylor J, Taylor K, Taylor K, Te A, Tenbusch L, Teng KS, Terakawa A, Terry J, Tham ZD, Tholl S, Thomas G, Thong KM, Tietjen D, Timadjer A, Tindall H, Tipper S, Tobin K, Toda N, Tokuyama A, Tolibas M, Tomita A, Tomita T, Tomlinson J, Tonks L, Topf J, Topping S, Torp A, Torres A, Totaro F, Toth P, Toyonaga Y, Tripodi F, Trivedi K, Tropman E, Tschope D, Tse J, Tsuji K, Tsunekawa S, Tsunoda R, Tucky B, Tufail S, Tuffaha A, Turan E, Turner H, Turner J, Turner M, Tuttle KR, Tye YL, Tyler A, Tyler J, Uchi H, Uchida H, Uchida T, Uchida T, Udagawa T, Ueda S, Ueda Y, Ueki K, Ugni S, Ugwu E, Umeno R, Unekawa C, Uozumi K, Urquia K, Valleteau A, Valletta C, van Erp R, Vanhoy C, Varad V, Varma R, Varughese A, Vasquez P, Vasseur A, Veelken R, Velagapudi C, Verdel K, Vettoretti S, Vezzoli G, Vielhauer V, Viera R, Vilar E, Villaruel S, Vinall L, Vinathan J, Visnjic M, Voigt E, von-Eynatten M, Vourvou M, Wada J, Wada J, Wada T, Wada Y, Wakayama K, Wakita Y, Wallendszus K, Walters T, Wan Mohamad WH, Wang L, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Y, Wanner C, Wanninayake S, Watada H, Watanabe K, Watanabe K, Watanabe M, Waterfall H, Watkins D, Watson S, Weaving L, Weber B, Webley Y, Webster A, Webster M, Weetman M, Wei W, Weihprecht H, Weiland L, Weinmann-Menke J, Weinreich T, Wendt R, Weng Y, Whalen M, Whalley G, Wheatley R, Wheeler A, Wheeler J, Whelton P, White K, Whitmore B, Whittaker S, Wiebel J, Wiley J, Wilkinson L, Willett M, Williams A, Williams E, Williams K, Williams T, Wilson A, Wilson P, Wincott L, Wines E, Winkelmann B, Winkler M, Winter-Goodwin B, Witczak J, Wittes J, Wittmann M, Wolf G, Wolf L, Wolfling R, Wong C, Wong E, Wong HS, Wong LW, Wong YH, Wonnacott A, Wood A, Wood L, Woodhouse H, Wooding N, Woodman A, Wren K, Wu J, Wu P, Xia S, Xiao H, Xiao X, Xie Y, Xu C, Xu Y, Xue H, Yahaya H, Yalamanchili H, Yamada A, Yamada N, Yamagata K, Yamaguchi M, Yamaji Y, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T, Yamanaka A, Yamano T, Yamanouchi Y, Yamasaki N, Yamasaki Y, Yamasaki Y, Yamashita C, Yamauchi T, Yan Q, Yanagisawa E, Yang F, Yang L, Yano S, Yao S, Yao Y, Yarlagadda S, Yasuda Y, Yiu V, Yokoyama T, Yoshida S, Yoshidome E, Yoshikawa H, Young A, Young T, Yousif V, Yu H, Yu Y, Yuasa K, Yusof N, Zalunardo N, Zander B, Zani R, Zappulo F, Zayed M, Zemann B, Zettergren P, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang N, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Zhong H, Zhou N, Zhou S, Zhu D, Zhu L, Zhu S, Zietz M, Zippo M, Zirino F, Zulkipli FH. Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:39-50. [PMID: 38061371 PMCID: PMC7615591 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce progression of chronic kidney disease and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients. However, their effects on kidney disease progression in some patients with chronic kidney disease are unclear because few clinical kidney outcomes occurred among such patients in the completed trials. In particular, some guidelines stratify their level of recommendation about who should be treated with SGLT2 inhibitors based on diabetes status and albuminuria. We aimed to assess the effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease both overall and among specific types of participants in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA), and included individuals aged 18 years or older with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or with an eGFR of 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher. We explored the effects of 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily versus placebo on the annualised rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR slope), a tertiary outcome. We studied the acute slope (from randomisation to 2 months) and chronic slope (from 2 months onwards) separately, using shared parameter models to estimate the latter. Analyses were done in all randomly assigned participants by intention to treat. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and then followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroups of eGFR included 2282 (34·5%) participants with an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2, 2928 (44·3%) with an eGFR of 30 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and 1399 (21·2%) with an eGFR 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or higher. Prespecified subgroups of uACR included 1328 (20·1%) with a uACR of less than 30 mg/g, 1864 (28·2%) with a uACR of 30 to 300 mg/g, and 3417 (51·7%) with a uACR of more than 300 mg/g. Overall, allocation to empagliflozin caused an acute 2·12 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 1·83-2·41) reduction in eGFR, equivalent to a 6% (5-6) dip in the first 2 months. After this, it halved the chronic slope from -2·75 to -1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (relative difference 50%, 95% CI 42-58). The absolute and relative benefits of empagliflozin on the magnitude of the chronic slope varied significantly depending on diabetes status and baseline levels of eGFR and uACR. In particular, the absolute difference in chronic slopes was lower in patients with lower baseline uACR, but because this group progressed more slowly than those with higher uACR, this translated to a larger relative difference in chronic slopes in this group (86% [36-136] reduction in the chronic slope among those with baseline uACR <30 mg/g compared with a 29% [19-38] reduction for those with baseline uACR ≥2000 mg/g; ptrend<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin slowed the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease among all types of participant in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, including those with little albuminuria. Albuminuria alone should not be used to determine whether to treat with an SGLT2 inhibitor. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly.
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Lee S, Haraga H, Satoh T, Mutoh N, Watanabe K, Hamada N, Tani-Ishii N. Effect of periodontitis induced by Fusobacterium nucleatum on the microbiota of the gut and surrounding organs. Odontology 2024; 112:177-184. [PMID: 37432500 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Detection of the oral bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer tissues suggests that periodontitis may alter gut microbiota. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence and infection route of periodontal inflammation caused by F. nucleatum, and microbiota of the gut and surrounding organs (heart, liver, kidney). Wistar female rats were orally inoculated with F. nucleatum to establish an experimental periodontitis model that was confirmed by X-ray imaging and histopathological analysis. The mandibles, gut, liver, heart, and kidneys were collected from the experimental group at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, and from the uninfected control group at 0 weeks, for DNA extraction for PCR amplification and comprehensive microbiota analysis using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Imaging confirmed the onset of periodontitis at 2 weeks post-inoculation, and histopathology showed inflammatory cell infiltration from 2 to 8 weeks. PCR and comprehensive microbiota analysis showed the presence of F. nucleatum in the heart and liver at 2 weeks, and in the liver at 4 and 8 weeks. There were changes of microbiota of the gut, heart, liver, and kidneys at 4 weeks: namely, decreased Verrucomicrobia and Bacteroidetes, and increased Firmicutes. F. nucleatum induced the onset of periodontitis and infected the heart and liver in rats. As the periodontic lesion progressed, the microbiota of the gut, liver, heart, and kidneys were altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Lee
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, 82. Inaoka-Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Haraga
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, 82. Inaoka-Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan
- Ministry of Defense Japan Self-Defense Forces Hospital Yokosuka, 1766-1 Tauraminato-Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0071, Japan
| | - Takenori Satoh
- Department of Molecular-Biology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82. Inaoka-Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Noriko Mutoh
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, 82. Inaoka-Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Watanabe
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82. Inaoka-Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Nobushiro Hamada
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82. Inaoka-Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tani-Ishii
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, 82. Inaoka-Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan.
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Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:51-60. [PMID: 38061372 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62-0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16-1·59), representing a 50% (42-58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). INTERPRETATION In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council.
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10
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Parappurath A, Ghawri B, Bhowmik S, Singha A, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Ghosh A. Band structure sensitive photoresponse in twisted bilayer graphene proximitized with WSe 2. Nanoscale 2023; 15:18818-18824. [PMID: 37962416 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04864k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The ability to tune the twist angle between different layers of two-dimensional (2D) materials has enabled the creation of electronic flat bands artificially, leading to exotic quantum phases. When a twisted blilayer of graphene (tBLG) is placed at the van der Waals proximity to a semiconducting layer of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC), such as WSe2, the emergent phases in the tBLG can fundamentally modify the functionality of such heterostructures. Here we have performed photoresponse measurements in few-layer-WSe2/tBLG heterostructure, where the mis-orientation angle of the tBLG layer was chosen to lie close to the magic angle of 1.1°. Our experiments show that the photoresponse is extremely sensitive to the band structure of tBLG and gets strongly suppressed when the Fermi energy was placed within the low-energy moiré bands. Photoresponse could however be recovered when Fermi energy exceeded the moiré band edge where it was dominated by the photogating effect due to transfer of charge between the tBLG and the WSe2 layers. Our observations suggest the possibility of the screening effects from moiré flat bands that strongly affect the charge transfer process at the WSe2/tBLG interface, which is further supported by time-resolved photo-resistance measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Parappurath
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Bhaskar Ghawri
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Saisab Bhowmik
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Arup Singha
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Arindam Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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11
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Hecker K, Banszerus L, Schäpers A, Möller S, Peters A, Icking E, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Volk C, Stampfer C. Coherent charge oscillations in a bilayer graphene double quantum dot. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7911. [PMID: 38036517 PMCID: PMC10689829 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The coherent dynamics of a quantum mechanical two-level system passing through an anti-crossing of two energy levels can give rise to Landau-Zener-Stückelberg-Majorana (LZSM) interference. LZSM interference spectroscopy has proven to be a fruitful tool to investigate charge noise and charge decoherence in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Recently, bilayer graphene has developed as a promising platform to host highly tunable QDs potentially useful for hosting spin and valley qubits. So far, in this system no coherent oscillations have been observed and little is known about charge noise in this material. Here, we report coherent charge oscillations and [Formula: see text] charge decoherence times in a bilayer graphene double QD. The charge decoherence times are measured independently using LZSM interference and photon assisted tunneling. Both techniques yield [Formula: see text] average values in the range of 400-500 ps. The observation of charge coherence allows to study the origin and spectral distribution of charge noise in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hecker
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
| | - L Banszerus
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - A Schäpers
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Möller
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - A Peters
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - E Icking
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - C Volk
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - C Stampfer
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
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12
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Kumar P, Kim H, Tripathy S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Novoselov KS, Kotekar-Patil D. Excited state spectroscopy and spin splitting in single layer MoS 2 quantum dots. Nanoscale 2023; 15:18203-18211. [PMID: 37920920 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03844k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are very promising materials for quantum dots and spin-qubit implementation. Reliable operation of spin qubits requires the knowledge of the Landé g-factor, which can be measured by exploiting the discrete energy spectrum on a quantum dot. However, the quantum dots realized in TMDCs are yet to reach the required control and quality for reliable measurement of excited state spectroscopy and the g-factor, particularly in atomically thin layers. Quantum dot sizes reported in TMDCs so far are not small enough to observe discrete energy levels on them. Here, we report on electron transport through discrete energy levels of quantum dots in a single layer MoS2 isolated from its environment using a dual gate geometry. The quantum dot energy levels are separated by a few (5-6) meV such that the ground state and the first excited state transitions are clearly visible, thanks to the low contact resistance of ∼700 Ω and relatively low gate voltages. This well-resolved energy separation allowed us to accurately measure the ground state g-factor of ∼5 in MoS2 quantum dots. We observed a spin-filling sequence in our quantum dots under a perpendicular magnetic field. Such a system offers an excellent testbed to measure the key parameters for evaluation and implementation of spin-valley qubits in TMDCs, thus accelerating the development of quantum systems in two-dimensional semiconducting TMDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kumar
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - H Kim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Innovis, 2 Fusionopolis way, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - S Tripathy
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Innovis, 2 Fusionopolis way, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials, Science, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials, Science, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - K S Novoselov
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore.
| | - D Kotekar-Patil
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Innovis, 2 Fusionopolis way, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
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13
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Ciorciaro L, Smoleński T, Morera I, Kiper N, Hiestand S, Kroner M, Zhang Y, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Demler E, İmamoğlu A. Kinetic magnetism in triangular moiré materials. Nature 2023; 623:509-513. [PMID: 37968525 PMCID: PMC10651480 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic properties of materials ranging from conventional ferromagnetic metals to strongly correlated materials such as cuprates originate from Coulomb exchange interactions. The existence of alternate mechanisms for magnetism that could naturally facilitate electrical control has been discussed theoretically1-7, but an experimental demonstration8 in an extended system has been missing. Here we investigate MoSe2/WS2 van der Waals heterostructures in the vicinity of Mott insulator states of electrons forming a frustrated triangular lattice and observe direct evidence of magnetic correlations originating from a kinetic mechanism. By directly measuring electronic magnetization through the strength of the polarization-selective attractive polaron resonance9,10, we find that when the Mott state is electron-doped, the system exhibits ferromagnetic correlations in agreement with the Nagaoka mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ciorciaro
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T Smoleński
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - I Morera
- Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Kiper
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Hiestand
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Kroner
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Min H. Kao Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - E Demler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A İmamoğlu
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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14
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Montanaro A, Piccinini G, Mišeikis V, Sorianello V, Giambra MA, Soresi S, Giorgi L, D'Errico A, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Pezzini S, Coletti C, Romagnoli M. Sub-THz wireless transmission based on graphene-integrated optoelectronic mixer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6471. [PMID: 37833246 PMCID: PMC10575943 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Optoelectronics is a valuable solution to scale up wireless links frequency to sub-THz in the next generation antenna systems and networks. Here, we propose a low-power consumption, small footprint building block for 6 G and 5 G new radio wireless transmission allowing broadband capacity (e.g., 10-100 Gb/s per link and beyond). We demonstrate a wireless datalink based on graphene, reaching setup limited sub-THz carrier frequency and multi-Gbit/s data rate. Our device consists of a graphene-based integrated optoelectronic mixer capable of mixing an optically generated reference oscillator approaching 100 GHz, with a baseband electrical signal. We report >96 GHz optoelectronic bandwidth and -44 dB upconversion efficiency with a footprint significantly smaller than those of state-of-the-art photonic transmitters (i.e., <0.1 mm2). These results are enabled by an integrated-photonic technology based on wafer-scale high-mobility graphene and pave the way towards the development of optoelectronics-based arrayed-antennas for millimeter-wave technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Montanaro
- Photonic Networks and Technologies Lab - CNIT, Via G. Moruzzi,1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
- TeCIP Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giulia Piccinini
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vaidotas Mišeikis
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Vito Sorianello
- Photonic Networks and Technologies Lab - CNIT, Via G. Moruzzi,1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco A Giambra
- Inphotec, CamGraPhIC srl, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Soresi
- Inphotec, CamGraPhIC srl, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Giorgi
- Ericsson Research, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Sergio Pezzini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, P.zza S. Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Camilla Coletti
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Romagnoli
- Photonic Networks and Technologies Lab - CNIT, Via G. Moruzzi,1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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15
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Slot MR, Maximenko Y, Haney PM, Kim S, Walkup DT, Strelcov E, Le ST, Shih EM, Yildiz D, Blankenship SR, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Barlas Y, Zhitenev NB, Ghahari F, Stroscio JA. A quantum ruler for orbital magnetism in moiré quantum matter. Science 2023; 382:81-87. [PMID: 37797004 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
For almost a century, magnetic oscillations have been a powerful "quantum ruler" for measuring Fermi surface topology. In this study, we used Landau-level spectroscopy to unravel the energy-resolved valley-contrasting orbital magnetism and large orbital magnetic susceptibility that contribute to the energies of Landau levels of twisted double-bilayer graphene. These orbital magnetism effects led to substantial deviations from the standard Onsager relation, which manifested as a breakdown in scaling of Landau-level orbits. These substantial magnetic responses emerged from the nontrivial quantum geometry of the electronic structure and the large length scale of the moiré lattice potential. Going beyond traditional measurements, Landau-level spectroscopy performed with a scanning tunneling microscope offers a complete quantum ruler that resolves the full energy dependence of orbital magnetic properties in moiré quantum matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Slot
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Y Maximenko
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - P M Haney
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - S Kim
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - D T Walkup
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - E Strelcov
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Son T Le
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - E M Shih
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - D Yildiz
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - S R Blankenship
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Y Barlas
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - N B Zhitenev
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - F Ghahari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - J A Stroscio
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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16
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Ren L, Robert C, Glazov M, Semina M, Amand T, Lombez L, Lagarde D, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Marie X. Control of the Bright-Dark Exciton Splitting Using the Lamb Shift in a Two-Dimensional Semiconductor. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:116901. [PMID: 37774277 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.116901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the exciton fine structure in atomically thin WSe_{2}-based van der Waals heterostructures where the density of optical modes at the location of the semiconductor monolayer can be tuned. The energy splitting Δ between the bright and dark exciton is measured by photoluminescence spectroscopy. We demonstrate that Δ can be tuned by a few meV as a result of a significant Lamb shift of the optically active exciton that arises from emission and absorption of virtual photons triggered by the vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. We also measure strong variations of the bright exciton radiative linewidth as a result of the Purcell effect. All these experimental results illustrate the strong sensitivity of the excitons to local vacuum field fluctuations. We find a very good agreement with a model that demonstrates the equivalence, for our system, of a classical electrodynamical transfer matrix formalism and quantum-electrodynamical approach. The bright-dark splitting control we demonstrate here in the weak light-matter coupling regime should apply to any semiconductor structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ren
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Av. Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - C Robert
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Av. Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - M Glazov
- Ioffe Institute, 26 Polytechnicheskaya, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - M Semina
- Ioffe Institute, 26 Polytechnicheskaya, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - T Amand
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Av. Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - L Lombez
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Av. Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - D Lagarde
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Av. Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - T Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-00044, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-00044, Japan
| | - X Marie
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Av. Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
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17
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Vallejo Bustamante J, Ribeiro-Palau R, Fermon C, Pannetier-Lecoeur M, Watanabe K, Tanigushi T, Deblock R, Guéron S, Ferrier M, Fuchs JN, Montambaux G, Piéchon F, Bouchiat H. Paramagnetic Singularities of the Orbital Magnetism in Graphene with a Moiré Potential. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:116201. [PMID: 37774305 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.116201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The recent detection of the singular diamagnetism of Dirac electrons in a single graphene layer paved a new way of probing 2D quantum materials through the measurement of equilibrium orbital currents which cannot be accessed in usual transport experiments. Among the theoretical predictions is an intriguing orbital paramagnetism at saddle points of the dispersion relation. Here we present magnetization measurements in graphene monolayers aligned on hexagonal boron nitride crystals. Besides the sharp diamagnetic McClure response at the Dirac point, we detect extra diamagnetic singularities at the satellite Dirac points of the moiré lattice. Surrounding these diamagnetic satellite peaks, we also observe paramagnetic peaks located at the chemical potential of the saddle points of the graphene moiré band structure and relate them to the presence of van Hove logarithmic singularities in the density of states. These findings reveal the long ago predicted anomalous paramagnetic orbital response in 2D systems when the Fermi energy is tuned to the vicinity of saddle points.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vallejo Bustamante
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France
| | | | - C Fermon
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - T Tanigushi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - R Deblock
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - S Guéron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Ferrier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J N Fuchs
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, LPTMC, 75005 Paris, France
| | - G Montambaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Piéchon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - H Bouchiat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France
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18
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Watanabe K, Tichy A, Kamoi K, Hiasa M, Yonekura K, Tanaka E, Nakajima M, Hosaka K. Restoration of a Microdont Using the Resin Composite Injection Technique With a Fully Digital Workflow: A Flexible 3D-printed Index With a Stabilization Holder. Oper Dent 2023; 48:483-489. [PMID: 37503684 DOI: 10.2341/23-007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Direct composite restorations are accepted as a treatment option for microdontia, which is a relatively prevalent condition that poses esthetic concerns. While free-hand composite placement is technique-sensitive and time-consuming, the resin composite injection technique is more straightforward and predictable. A fully digital workflow has been recently introduced, but the 3D-printed resin index is rigid and challenged by undercuts, as opposed to the silicone index. This case report presents a flexible 3D-printed resin index, which can accurately transfer the digitally simulated functional and esthetic form to the final restoration. In addition, a rigid stabilization holder was designed to stabilize the flexible index.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Watanabe
- Keiichiro Watanabe, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - A Tichy
- Antonin Tichy, DDS, PhD, Institute of Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Kamoi
- Kohei Kamoi, RDT, Department of Dental Laboratory, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - M Hiasa
- Masahiro Hiasa, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - K Yonekura
- Kazuhide Yonekura, DDS, PhD, Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, and Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - E Tanaka
- Eiji Tanaka, DDS, PhD, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - M Nakajima
- Masatoshi Nakajima, DDS, PhD, Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - K Hosaka
- *Keiichi Hosaka, DDS, PhD, Department of Regenerataive Dental Medicine Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, and Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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19
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Del Águila AG, Wong YR, Wadgaonkar I, Fieramosca A, Liu X, Vaklinova K, Dal Forno S, Do TTH, Wei HY, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Novoselov KS, Koperski M, Battiato M, Xiong Q. Ultrafast exciton fluid flow in an atomically thin MoS 2 semiconductor. Nat Nanotechnol 2023; 18:1012-1019. [PMID: 37524907 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Excitons (coupled electron-hole pairs) in semiconductors can form collective states that sometimes exhibit spectacular nonlinear properties. Here, we show experimental evidence of a collective state of short-lived excitons in a direct-bandgap, atomically thin MoS2 semiconductor whose propagation resembles that of a classical liquid as suggested by the nearly uniform photoluminescence through the MoS2 monolayer regardless of crystallographic defects and geometric constraints. The exciton fluid flows over ultralong distances (at least 60 μm) at a speed of ~1.8 × 107 m s-1 (~6% the speed of light). The collective phase emerges above a critical laser power, in the absence of free charges and below a critical temperature (usually Tc ≈ 150 K) approaching room temperature in hexagonal-boron-nitride-encapsulated devices. Our theoretical simulations suggest that momentum is conserved and local equilibrium is achieved among excitons; both these features are compatible with a fluid dynamics description of the exciton transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Granados Del Águila
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yi Ren Wong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Indrajit Wadgaonkar
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xue Liu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Kristina Vaklinova
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stefano Dal Forno
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T Thu Ha Do
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ho Yi Wei
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kostya S Novoselov
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maciej Koperski
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marco Battiato
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China.
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, P.R. China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, P.R. China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.
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20
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Bhowmik S, Ghawri B, Park Y, Lee D, Datta S, Soni R, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Ghosh A, Jung J, Chandni U. Spin-orbit coupling-enhanced valley ordering of malleable bands in twisted bilayer graphene on WSe 2. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4055. [PMID: 37422470 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent experiments in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene have revealed a wealth of novel electronic phases as a result of interaction-driven spin-valley flavour polarisation. In this work, we investigate correlated phases due to the combined effect of spin-orbit coupling-enhanced valley polarisation and the large density of states below half filling of the moiré band in twisted bilayer graphene coupled to tungsten diselenide. We observe an anomalous Hall effect, accompanied by a series of Lifshitz transitions that are highly tunable with carrier density and magnetic field. The magnetisation shows an abrupt change of sign near half-filling, confirming its orbital nature. While the Hall resistance is not quantised at zero magnetic fields-indicating a ground state with partial valley polarisation-perfect quantisation and complete valley polarisation are observed at finite fields. Our results illustrate that singularities in the flat bands in the presence of spin-orbit coupling can stabilise ordered phases even at non-integer moiré band fillings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisab Bhowmik
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Bhaskar Ghawri
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Youngju Park
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Korea
| | - Dongkyu Lee
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Korea
- Department of Smart Cities, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Korea
| | - Suvronil Datta
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Radhika Soni
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Arindam Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Jeil Jung
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Korea.
- Department of Smart Cities, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Korea.
| | - U Chandni
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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21
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Marcuzzi D, Toigo V, Boldrin M, Chitarin G, Dal Bello S, Grando L, Luchetta A, Pasqualotto R, Pavei M, Serianni G, Zanotto L, Agnello R, Agostinetti P, Agostini M, Aprile D, Barbisan M, Battistella M, Berton G, Bigi M, Brombin M, Candela V, Candeloro V, Canton A, Casagrande R, Cavallini C, Cavazzana R, Cordaro L, Cruz N, Dalla Palma M, Dan M, De Lorenzi A, Delogu R, De Muri M, De Nardi M, Denizeau S, Fadone M, Fellin F, Ferro A, Gaio E, Gasparrini C, Gnesotto F, Jain P, La Rosa A, Lopez-Bruna D, Lorenzini R, Maistrello A, Manduchi G, Manfrin S, Marconato N, Mario I, Martini G, Milazzo R, Patton T, Peruzzo S, Pilan N, Pimazzoni A, Poggi C, Pomaro N, Pouradier-Duteil B, Recchia M, Rigoni-Garola A, Rizzetto D, Rizzolo A, Santoro F, Sartori E, Segalini B, Shepherd A, Siragusa M, Sonato P, Sottocornola A, Spada E, Spagnolo S, Spolaore M, Taliercio C, Tinti P, Tomsič P, Trevisan L, Ugoletti M, Valente M, Valisa M, Veronese F, Vignando M, Zaccaria P, Zagorski R, Zaniol B, Zaupa M, Zuin M, Cavenago M, Boilson D, Rotti C, Decamps H, Geli F, Sharma A, Veltri P, Zacks J, Simon M, Paolucci F, Garbuglia A, Gutierrez D, Masiello A, Mico G, Labate C, Readman P, Bragulat E, Bailly-Maitre L, Gomez G, Kouzmenko G, Albajar F, Kashiwagi M, Tobari H, Kojima A, Murayama M, Hatakeyama S, Oshita E, Maejima T, Shibata N, Yamashita Y, Watanabe K, Singh N, Singh M, Dhola H, Fantz U, Heinemann B, Wimmer C, Wünderlich D, Tsumori K, Croci G, Gorini G, Muraro A, Rebai M, Tardocchi M, Giacomelli L, Rigamonti D, Taccogna F, Bruno D, Rutigliano M, Longo S, Deambrosis S, Miorin E, Montagner F, Tonti A, Panin F. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests. Fusion Engineering and Design 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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22
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Takei H, Saito N, Okamoto T, Watanabe K, Westphal M, Tomioka R, Gölzhäuser A. Mass producible, robust SERS substrates based on metal film on nanosphere (MFON) on an adhesive substrate for detection of surface-adsorbed molecules and their evaluation by helium ion microscopy. Analyst 2023. [PMID: 37212023 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a SERS stamp that can be pressed directly onto a solid surface for characterization of surface-adsorbed target molecules. The stamp was fabricated by transfer of a dense monolayer of SiO2 nanospheres from a glass surface onto a piece of adhesive tape and subsequent evaporation of silver. The performance of the resulting SERS stamps was evaluated by their exposure to methyl mercaptan vapor, and immersion in rhodamine 6G and ferbam solutions. It was found that beside the nanosphere diameter and metal deposition thickness, the extent of burial of the nanospheres into the adhesive tape, dictated by the pressure during the nanosphere transfer process, had a significant effect. We carried out FDTD calculations of the near field. Models are based on morphological information obtained from helium ion microscopy, which can provide high-resolution images of poor electrical conductors such as our SERS stamp. While one of our main eventual goals is detection of pesticides on agricultural produce, we have begun to take a careful step by testing our SERS stamp on better characterized surfaces such as a porous gel surface, having been immersed in fungicides such as ferbam. We also present our preliminary results with ferbam on oranges. It is expected that our well-characterized SERS stamp will play a role in shedding light on the poorly studied transfer process of target molecules onto a SERS surface as well as serving as a new SERS platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takei
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - N Saito
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | | | - K Watanabe
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - M Westphal
- Faculty of Physics, Physics of Supramolecular Systems, University of Bielefeld, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - R Tomioka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - A Gölzhäuser
- Faculty of Physics, Physics of Supramolecular Systems, University of Bielefeld, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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23
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Banszerus L, Möller S, Hecker K, Icking E, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Hassler F, Volk C, Stampfer C. Particle-hole symmetry protects spin-valley blockade in graphene quantum dots. Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-05953-5. [PMID: 37138084 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Particle-hole symmetry plays an important role in the characterization of topological phases in solid-state systems1. It is found, for example, in free-fermion systems at half filling and it is closely related to the notion of antiparticles in relativistic field theories2. In the low-energy limit, graphene is a prime example of a gapless particle-hole symmetric system described by an effective Dirac equation3,4 in which topological phases can be understood by studying ways to open a gap by preserving (or breaking) symmetries5,6. An important example is the intrinsic Kane-Mele spin-orbit gap of graphene, which leads to a lifting of the spin-valley degeneracy and renders graphene a topological insulator in a quantum spin Hall phase7 while preserving particle-hole symmetry. Here we show that bilayer graphene allows the realization of electron-hole double quantum dots that exhibit near-perfect particle-hole symmetry, in which transport occurs via the creation and annihilation of single electron-hole pairs with opposite quantum numbers. Moreover, we show that particle-hole symmetric spin and valley textures lead to a protected single-particle spin-valley blockade. The latter will allow robust spin-to-charge and valley-to-charge conversion, which are essential for the operation of spin and valley qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Banszerus
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - S Möller
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - K Hecker
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - E Icking
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - F Hassler
- JARA-Institute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - C Volk
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - C Stampfer
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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24
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Díez-Mérida J, Díez-Carlón A, Yang SY, Xie YM, Gao XJ, Senior J, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Lu X, Higginbotham AP, Law KT, Efetov DK. Symmetry-broken Josephson junctions and superconducting diodes in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2396. [PMID: 37100775 PMCID: PMC10133447 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of gate-tunable superconducting, magnetic and topological orders in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene provides opportunities for the creation of hybrid Josephson junctions. Here we report the fabrication of gate-defined symmetry-broken Josephson junctions in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, where the weak link is gate-tuned close to the correlated insulator state with a moiré filling factor of υ = -2. We observe a phase-shifted and asymmetric Fraunhofer pattern with a pronounced magnetic hysteresis. Our theoretical calculations of the junction weak link-with valley polarization and orbital magnetization-explain most of these unconventional features. The effects persist up to the critical temperature of 3.5 K, with magnetic hysteresis observed below 800 mK. We show how the combination of magnetization and its current-induced magnetization switching allows us to realise a programmable zero-field superconducting diode. Our results represent a major advance towards the creation of future superconducting quantum electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Díez-Mérida
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
| | - A Díez-Carlón
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
| | - S Y Yang
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
| | - Y-M Xie
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - X-J Gao
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - J Senior
- IST Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - K Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - X Lu
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
| | | | - K T Law
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dmitri K Efetov
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain.
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25
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Grzeszczyk M, Acharya S, Pashov D, Chen Z, Vaklinova K, van Schilfgaarde M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Novoselov KS, Katsnelson MI, Koperski M. Strongly Correlated Exciton-Magnetization System for Optical Spin Pumping in CrBr 3 and CrI 3 . Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2209513. [PMID: 36787625 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ferromagnetism in van der Waals systems, preserved down to a monolayer limit, attracted attention to a class of materials with general composition CrX3 (X=I, Br, and Cl), which are treated now as canonical 2D ferromagnets. Their diverse magnetic properties, such as different easy axes or varying and controllable character of in-plane or interlayer ferromagnetic coupling, make them promising candidates for spintronic, photonic, optoelectronic, and other applications. Still, significantly different magneto-optical properties between the three materials have been presenting a challenging puzzle for researchers over the last few years. Herewith, it is demonstrated that despite similar structural and magnetic configurations, the coupling between excitons and magnetization is qualitatively different in CrBr3 and CrI3 films. Through a combination of the optical spin pumping experiments with the state-of-the-art theory describing bound excitonic states in the presence of magnetization, we concluded that the hole-magnetization coupling has the opposite sign in CrBr3 and CrI3 and also between the ground and excited exciton state. Consequently, efficient spin pumping capabilities are demonstrated in CrBr3 driven by magnetization via spin-dependent absorption, and the different origins of the magnetic hysteresis in CrBr3 and CrI3 are unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grzeszczyk
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - S Acharya
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, AJ Nijmegen, NL-6525, The Netherlands
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - D Pashov
- King's College London, Theory and Simulation of Condensed Matter, The Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Z Chen
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - K Vaklinova
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - M van Schilfgaarde
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
- King's College London, Theory and Simulation of Condensed Matter, The Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - K S Novoselov
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - M I Katsnelson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, AJ Nijmegen, NL-6525, The Netherlands
| | - M Koperski
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
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26
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Charaev I, Bandurin DA, Bollinger AT, Phinney IY, Drozdov I, Colangelo M, Butters BA, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, He X, Medeiros O, Božović I, Jarillo-Herrero P, Berggren KK. Single-photon detection using high-temperature superconductors. Nat Nanotechnol 2023; 18:343-349. [PMID: 36941357 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The detection of individual quanta of light is important for quantum communication, fluorescence lifetime imaging, remote sensing and more. Due to their high detection efficiency, exceptional signal-to-noise ratio and fast recovery times, superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have become a critical component in these applications. However, the operation of conventional SNSPDs requires costly cryocoolers. Here we report the fabrication of two types of high-temperature superconducting nanowires. We observe linear scaling of the photon count rate on the radiation power at the telecommunications wavelength of 1.5 μm and thereby reveal single-photon operation. SNSPDs made from thin flakes of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ exhibit a single-photon response up to 25 K, and for SNSPDs from La1.55Sr0.45CuO4/La2CuO4 bilayer films, this response is observed up to 8 K. While the underlying detection mechanism is not fully understood yet, our work expands the family of materials for SNSPD technology beyond the liquid helium temperature limit and suggests that even higher operation temperatures may be reached using other high-temperature superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Charaev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - D A Bandurin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | | | - I Y Phinney
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - I Drozdov
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - M Colangelo
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - B A Butters
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - T Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute of Material Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute of Material Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - X He
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - O Medeiros
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - I Božović
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - K K Berggren
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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27
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Watanabe K, Birjiniuk A, Crawford R, Robinson J, Magnetta D, Rigsby C, Laternser C, Husain N. Relations Between Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Cell Free Dna in Pediatric Heart Transplant - A Pilot Study for the Future of Heart Transplant Surveillance. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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28
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Tomiyama K, Ishizawa M, Watanabe K, Kawata A, Hamada N, Mukai Y. Antibacterial effects of surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler eluate on polymicrobial biofilms. Am J Dent 2023; 36:91-94. [PMID: 37076299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the effects of surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler eluate on polymicrobial biofilm metabolism and live bacterial count. METHODS Biofilm was formed using glass disks 12 mm in diameter and 150 µm in thickness. Stimulated saliva was diluted 50-fold with buffered McBain 2005 and cultured in anaerobic conditions at 37°C for 24 hours in anaerobic conditions (10% CO₂, 10% H₂, 80% N₂) to form the biofilm on the glass disks. Following this, biofilms were treated with (1) sterilized deionized water (control), (2) 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (0.2CX), (3) S-PRG eluate diluted to 10% (10% S-PRG),(4) 20% S-PRG,(5) 40% S-PRG,(6) 80% S-PRG,and (7) S-PRG for 15 minutes (n= 10 per group), and samples were subdivided into two groups for measuring live bacterial count immediately after treatment and after 48 hours of culturing after treatment. The pH of the spent medium collected at the time of culture medium exchange was tested. RESULTS Immediately after treatment, the live bacterial count of samples treated with drug solutions was significantly lower than the control (8.2 × 10⁸), and the counts of samples treated with 0.2CX (1.3 × 10⁷) and S-PRG (1.4 × 10⁷) were significantly lower than those treated with diluted S-PRG (4.4 × 10⁷-1.4 x 10⁸). When the medium was measured again after culturing for 48 hours, growth was continually inhibited in all treatment groups and the bacterial count of samples treated with S-PRG (9.2 x 10⁷) was significantly lower than that of samples treated with 0.2CX (1.8 × 10⁸). The pH of spent medium immediately after treatment was significantly higher in groups treated with drug solutions (5.5-6.8) than the controls (4.2), and it was highest in the S-PRG-treated group (6.8). Thereafter, when culturing was continued for 48 hours, the pH of all treated groups decreased; however, the pH of the S-PRG-treated group was significantly higher than groups treated with other drug solutions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler eluate not only reduced the live bacterial count of polymicrobial biofilm, but also continuously inhibited the lowering of pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Tomiyama
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masato Ishizawa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Watanabe
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Kawata
- Department of Molecular Oral Histology, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobushiro Hamada
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Mukai
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan,
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29
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Parto K, Azzam SI, Lewis N, Patel SD, Umezawa S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Moody G. Cavity-Enhanced 2D Material Quantum Emitters Deterministically Integrated with Silicon Nitride Microresonators. Nano Lett 2022; 22:9748-9756. [PMID: 36318636 PMCID: PMC9756340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Optically active defects in 2D materials, such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), are an attractive class of single-photon emitters with high brightness, operation up to room temperature, site-specific engineering of emitter arrays with strain and irradiation techniques, and tunability with external electric fields. In this work, we demonstrate a novel approach to precisely align and embed hBN and TMDs within background-free silicon nitride microring resonators. Through the Purcell effect, high-purity hBN emitters exhibit a cavity-enhanced spectral coupling efficiency of up to 46% at room temperature, exceeding the theoretical limit (up to 40%) for cavity-free waveguide-emitter coupling and demonstrating nearly a 1 order of magnitude improvement over previous work. The devices are fabricated with a CMOS-compatible process and exhibit no degradation of the 2D material optical properties, robustness to thermal annealing, and 100 nm positioning accuracy of quantum emitters within single-mode waveguides, opening a path for scalable quantum photonic chips with on-demand single-photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Parto
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering Department, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California93106, United States
| | - S. I. Azzam
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering Department, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California93106, United States
- California
Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
| | - N. Lewis
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering Department, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California93106, United States
| | - S. D. Patel
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering Department, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California93106, United States
| | - S. Umezawa
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering Department, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California93106, United States
| | - K. Watanabe
- Research
Center for Functional Materials, National
Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba305-0044, Japan
| | - T. Taniguchi
- International
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectures, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba305-0044, Japan
| | - G. Moody
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering Department, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California93106, United States
- California
Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
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30
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Ikuno Y, Watanabe K, Kakeya Y, Nakabo T, Ihara D, Fujimoto N, Naka-Kaneda H. 559 Induction of tissue-specific premature stem cell aging promotes senescence-like phenotypes in remote multiple organs. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Sawada Y, Kimura S, Watanabe K, Yamaguchi Y, Arima T, Kimura T. Nonreciprocal Directional Dichroism in Magnetoelectric Spin Glass. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:217201. [PMID: 36461975 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.217201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical absorption spectra in the visible and near-infrared light were measured for magnetoelectric spin glass Ni_{0.4}Mn_{0.6}TiO_{3} under various field-cooled conditions. Despite the absence of long-range magnetic-dipole order, this spin-glass system exhibits nonreciprocal directional dichroism (NDD) at zero external field after a magnetoelectric field-cooled procedure. This result is distinct from previous studies on NDD in systems with magnetic toroidal moments induced either by long-range magnetic-dipole order or by applying crossed electric and magnetic fields. The present Letter conclusively demonstrates that the observed NDD originates from magnetoelectrically induced ferroic order of magnetic toroidal moments without conventional magnetic-dipole order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sawada
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - S Kimura
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Y Yamaguchi
- Division of Materials Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - T Arima
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - T Kimura
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
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32
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Bandurin DA, Principi A, Phinney IY, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Jarillo-Herrero P. Interlayer Electron-Hole Friction in Tunable Twisted Bilayer Graphene Semimetal. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:206802. [PMID: 36461999 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.206802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Charge-neutral conducting systems represent a class of materials with unusual properties governed by electron-hole (e-h) interactions. Depending on the quasiparticle statistics, band structure, and device geometry these semimetallic phases of matter can feature unconventional responses to external fields that often defy simple interpretations in terms of single-particle physics. Here we show that small-angle twisted bilayer graphene (SA TBG) offers a highly tunable system in which to explore interactions-limited electron conduction. By employing a dual-gated device architecture we tune our devices from a nondegenerate charge-neutral Dirac fluid to a compensated two-component e-h Fermi liquid where spatially separated electrons and holes experience strong mutual friction. This friction is revealed through the T^{2} resistivity that accurately follows the e-h drag theory we develop. Our results provide a textbook illustration of a smooth transition between different interaction-limited transport regimes and clarify the conduction mechanisms in charge-neutral SA TBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Bandurin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore
| | - A Principi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - I Y Phinney
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute of Material Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute of Material Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - P Jarillo-Herrero
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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33
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Ando K, Shimomura A, Watanabe K, Kunihisa T, Teruya K, Shimizu C. 441P Malignant diseases diagnosed in people living with HIV in Japan. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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34
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Jo M, Lee JYM, Assouline A, Brasseur P, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Roche P, Glattli DC, Kumada N, Parmentier FD, Sim HS, Roulleau P. Scaling behavior of electron decoherence in a graphene Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5473. [PMID: 36115841 PMCID: PMC9482640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOver the past 20 years, many efforts have been made to understand and control decoherence in 2D electron systems. In particular, several types of electronic interferometers have been considered in GaAs heterostructures, in order to protect the interfering electrons from decoherence. Nevertheless, it is now understood that several intrinsic decoherence sources fundamentally limit more advanced quantum manipulations. Here, we show that graphene offers a unique possibility to reach a regime where the decoherence is frozen and to study unexplored regimes of electron interferometry. We probe the decoherence of electron channels in a graphene quantum Hall PN junction, forming a Mach-Zehnder interferometer1,2, and unveil a scaling behavior of decay of the interference visibility with the temperature scaled by the interferometer length. It exhibits a remarkable crossover from an exponential decay at higher temperature to an algebraic decay at lower temperature where almost no decoherence occurs, a regime previously unobserved in GaAs interferometers.
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35
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Le Breton G, Delagrange R, Hong Y, Garg M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Ribeiro-Palau R, Roulleau P, Roche P, Parmentier FD. Heat Equilibration of Integer and Fractional Quantum Hall Edge Modes in Graphene. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:116803. [PMID: 36154417 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.116803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hole-conjugate states of the fractional quantum Hall effect host counterpropagating edge channels which are thought to exchange charge and energy. These exchanges have been the subject of extensive theoretical and experimental works; in particular, it is yet unclear if the presence of integer quantum Hall edge channels stemming from fully filled Landau levels affects heat equilibration along the edge. In this Letter, we present heat transport measurements in quantum Hall states of graphene demonstrating that the integer channels can strongly equilibrate with the fractional ones, leading to markedly different regimes of quantized heat transport that depend on edge electrostatics. Our results allow for a better comprehension of the complex edge physics in the fractional quantum Hall regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Le Breton
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - R Delagrange
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Y Hong
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Garg
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - K Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, 305-0044 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, 305-0044 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - R Ribeiro-Palau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - P Roulleau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - P Roche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - F D Parmentier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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36
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Watanabe K, Niikura N, Kikawa Y, Oba M, Kobayashi K, Tada H, Ozaki S, Toh U, Yamamoto Y, Tsuneizumi M, Okuno T, Iwakuma N, Takeshita T, Iwamoto T, Ishiguro H, Masuda N, Saji S. 228P Fulvestrant with additional palbociclib in advanced or metastatic hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer after progression to fulvestrant monotherapy: JBCRG- M07 (FUTURE trial). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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37
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Kumar C, Birkbeck J, Sulpizio JA, Perello D, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Reuven O, Scaffidi T, Stern A, Geim AK, Ilani S. Imaging hydrodynamic electrons flowing without Landauer-Sharvin resistance. Nature 2022; 609:276-281. [PMID: 36071191 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Electrical resistance usually originates from lattice imperfections. However, even a perfect lattice has a fundamental resistance limit, given by the Landauer1 conductance caused by a finite number of propagating electron modes. This resistance, shown by Sharvin2 to appear at the contacts of electronic devices, sets the ultimate conduction limit of non-interacting electrons. Recent years have seen growing evidence of hydrodynamic electronic phenomena3-18, prompting recent theories19,20 to ask whether an electronic fluid can radically break the fundamental Landauer-Sharvin limit. Here, we use single-electron-transistor imaging of electronic flow in high-mobility graphene Corbino disk devices to answer this question. First, by imaging ballistic flows at liquid-helium temperatures, we observe a Landauer-Sharvin resistance that does not appear at the contacts but is instead distributed throughout the bulk. This underpins the phase-space origin of this resistance-as emerging from spatial gradients in the number of conduction modes. At elevated temperatures, by identifying and accounting for electron-phonon scattering, we show the details of the purely hydrodynamic flow. Strikingly, we find that electron hydrodynamics eliminates the bulk Landauer-Sharvin resistance. Finally, by imaging spiralling magneto-hydrodynamic Corbino flows, we show the key emergent length scale predicted by hydrodynamic theories-the Gurzhi length. These observations demonstrate that electronic fluids can dramatically transcend the fundamental limitations of ballistic electrons, with important implications for fundamental science and future technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kumar
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - J Birkbeck
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - J A Sulpizio
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - D Perello
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - T Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - O Reuven
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - T Scaffidi
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ady Stern
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A K Geim
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S Ilani
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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38
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Uehara Y, Watanabe K, Yomota M, Hosomi Y. EP08.01-105 Efficacy of First-Line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Advanced NSCLC harboring KRAS, MET, FGFR, RET, BRAF, and HER2 Alterations. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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39
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Watanabe K, Uehara Y, Hosomi Y. EP14.05-007 A Study of the Best Reduction in Target Lesion Size and Treatment Duration in the Durvalumab plus Platinum-Etoposide Regimen for ES-SCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Ren L, Lombez L, Robert C, Beret D, Lagarde D, Urbaszek B, Renucci P, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Crooker SA, Marie X. Optical Detection of Long Electron Spin Transport Lengths in a Monolayer Semiconductor. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:027402. [PMID: 35867459 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.027402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Using a spatially resolved optical pump-probe experiment, we measure the lateral transport of spin-valley polarized electrons over very long distances (tens of micrometers) in a single WSe_{2} monolayer. By locally pumping the Fermi sea of 2D electrons to a high degree of spin-valley polarization (up to 75%) using circularly polarized light, the lateral diffusion of the electron polarization can be mapped out via the photoluminescence induced by a spatially separated and linearly polarized probe laser. Up to 25% spin-valley polarization is observed at pump-probe separations up to 20 μm. Characteristic spin-valley diffusion lengths of 18±3 μm are revealed at low temperatures. The dependence on temperature, pump helicity, pump intensity, and electron density highlight the key roles played by spin relaxation time and pumping efficiency on polarized electron transport in monolayer semiconductors possessing spin-valley locking.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ren
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Av. Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - L Lombez
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Av. Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - C Robert
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Av. Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - D Beret
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Av. Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - D Lagarde
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Av. Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - B Urbaszek
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Av. Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - P Renucci
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Av. Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - T Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-00044, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-00044, Japan
| | - S A Crooker
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - X Marie
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Av. Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
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41
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Karpińska M, Jasiński J, Kempt R, Ziegler JD, Sansom H, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Snaith HJ, Surrente A, Dyksik M, Maude DK, Kłopotowski Ł, Chernikov A, Kuc A, Baranowski M, Plochocka P. Interlayer excitons in MoSe 2/2D perovskite hybrid heterostructures - the interplay between charge and energy transfer. Nanoscale 2022; 14:8085-8095. [PMID: 35611659 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00877g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals crystals have opened a new and exciting chapter in heterostructure research, removing the lattice matching constraint characteristics of epitaxial semiconductors. They provide unprecedented flexibility for heterostructure design. Combining two-dimensional (2D) perovskites with other 2D materials, in particular transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), has recently emerged as an intriguing way to design hybrid opto-electronic devices. However, the excitation transfer mechanism between the layers (charge or energy transfer) remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigate PEA2PbI4/MoSe2 and (BA)2PbI4/MoSe2 heterostructures by combining optical spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We show that band alignment facilitates charge transfer. Namely, holes are transferred from TMDs to 2D perovskites, while the electron transfer is blocked, resulting in the formation of interlayer excitons. Moreover, we show that the energy transfer mechanism can be turned on by an appropriate alignment of the excitonic states, providing a rule of thumb for the deterministic control of the excitation transfer mechanism in TMD/2D-perovskite heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karpińska
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Grenoble and Toulouse, France.
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Jasiński
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - R Kempt
- Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66c, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - J D Ziegler
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - H Sansom
- University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - T Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-004, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-004, Japan
| | - H J Snaith
- University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - A Surrente
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - M Dyksik
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Grenoble and Toulouse, France.
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - D K Maude
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Grenoble and Toulouse, France.
| | - Ł Kłopotowski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Chernikov
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Kuc
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - M Baranowski
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - P Plochocka
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Grenoble and Toulouse, France.
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
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42
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Asahi R, Nakamura Y, Kanai M, Watanabe K, Yuguchi S, Kamo T, Azami M, Ogihara H, Asano S. Association with sagittal alignment and osteoporosis-related fractures in outpatient women with osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:1275-1284. [PMID: 35091788 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The baseline sagittal vertical axis (SVA) and pelvic tilt (PT) are independent risk factors of osteoporosis-related fractures in women with osteoporosis. We clarified the SVA and PT to predict the incidence of osteoporosis-related fractures. PURPOSE Sagittal alignment with osteoporosis women deteriorates with advancing age and sagittal alignment may indicate osteoporosis-related fractures in the future. However, whether the sagittal alignment predicts future osteoporosis-related fracture in patients with osteoporosis has not been clarified. We aimed to investigate the association between sagittal alignment and future osteoporosis-related fractures. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study. Of the 313 participants (mean follow-up period, 2.9 years), 236 were included in the analysis. At baseline, we measured bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck, sagittal vertical axis (SVA), thoracic kyphosis, pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis, sacral slope, pelvic tilt (PT), geriatric locomotive function scale (GLFS), two-step value, and stand-up test. The information on medications and the duration of treatment were reviewed from the medical records. Additionally, participants reported their history of falls at baseline. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association of future osteoporosis-related fracture, and adjusted Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated with all predictors as covariates. All continuous variables were calculated using standardized OR (sOR). RESULTS Osteoporosis-related fractures occurred in 33 of 313 participants (10.5%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that a history of falls (OR =4.092, 95% CI: 1.029-16.265, p =0.045), SVA (sOR =4.228, 95% CI: 2.118-8.439, p <0.001), and PT (sOR =2.497, 95% CI: 1.087-5.733, p =0.031) were independent risk factors for future osteoporosis-related fractures. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the SVA and PT to predict osteoporosis-related fractures. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER AND DATE OF REGISTRATION UMIN000036516 (April 1, 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Asahi
- School of Health Sciences, Japan University of Health Sciences, 2-555, Hirasuka, Satte City, Saitama, 340-0145, Japan.
| | - Y Nakamura
- Saitama Spine Center, Higashi Saitama General Hospital, 517-5, Yoshino, Satte City, Saitama, 340-0153, Japan
| | - M Kanai
- Saitama Spine Center, Higashi Saitama General Hospital, 517-5, Yoshino, Satte City, Saitama, 340-0153, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- Department of Rehabilitation, Higashi Saitama General Hospital, 517-5, Yoshino, Satte City, Saitama, 340-0153, Japan
| | - S Yuguchi
- School of Health Sciences, Japan University of Health Sciences, 2-555, Hirasuka, Satte City, Saitama, 340-0145, Japan
| | - T Kamo
- School of Health Sciences, Japan University of Health Sciences, 2-555, Hirasuka, Satte City, Saitama, 340-0145, Japan
| | - M Azami
- School of Health Sciences, Japan University of Health Sciences, 2-555, Hirasuka, Satte City, Saitama, 340-0145, Japan
| | - H Ogihara
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nagano University of Health and Medicine, 11-1, Imaihara, Kawanakajima-machi, Nagano City, Nagano, 381-2227, Japan
| | - S Asano
- Saitama Spine Center, Higashi Saitama General Hospital, 517-5, Yoshino, Satte City, Saitama, 340-0153, Japan
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Watanabe K, Moriguchi Y, Ren H. Study design of VGOAL-J: an observational, prospective cohort study to assess effectiveness of vortioxetine on goal achievement and work productivity in patients with MDD in Japan. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9566117 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Goal attainment scaling (GAS) is a method to assess the patient experience of whether a treatment is successful and capture outcomes across a diverse range of goal areas. However, this approach has not yet been used in assessing the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in Japan. GAS was first developed by Kiresuk and Sherman in the 1968, it is increasingly recognised as a sensitive method for recording patient-centred outcomes throughout the course of treatment.
Objectives
To demonstrate the effectiveness of vortioxetine on patient’s goal achievement and depressive symptoms, emotional, cognitive, overall function and quality of life.
Methods
VGOAL-J is a prospective, multi-center, observational cohort study of outpatients initiating vortioxetine treatment for MDD in Japan. Patients with a diagnosis of MDD according to DSM-5 who are 18 to 65 years will be enrolled from 20 sites in Japan and followed for 24 weeks. A total number of 120 patients is planned for enrolment. Primary outcome measures are GAS-D, WPAI, secondary outcome measures include Montgomery – Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Depression 5-item (PDQ-D-5), Oxford Depression Questionnaire (ODQ), EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D). Safety will be also assessed with Adverse Events collected during the study.
Results
The results will be disseminated in late 2022 and provide new insights on GAS-D as an effective strategy to assess MDD treatment in Japan.
Conclusions
We expect to observe patients treated with vortioxetine achieving their treatment goals as assessed by GAS-D and improvements on patient- and clinician-reported measures in real-world settings.
Disclosure
Prof. K. Watanabe reports consultancies undertaken for Eli Lilly, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical, and Takeda Pharmaceutical, honoraria received from Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, J
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Iwamoto N, Chiba K, Sato S, Shiraishi K, Watanabe K, Ohki N, Okada A, Koga T, Kobayashi M, Saito K, Okubo N, Kawakami A. POS0687 INHIBITION OF BONE EROSION, DETERMINED BY HIGH-RESOLUTION PERIPHERAL QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (HR-pQCT), IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS RECEIVING A CONVENTIONAL SYNTHETIC DMARD (csDMARD) PLUS DENOSUMAB VS csDMARD THERAPY ALONE: RESULTS OF AN OPEN-LABEL, RANDOMIZED, PARALLEL-GROUP STUDY. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundDenosumab, a human IgG2 monoclonal antibody with high affinity for RANKL, is approved for treatment of bone erosion (ER) in patients with RA, based on the results of clinical trials. However, its effectiveness in combination with conventional therapy in RA patients has not been fully investigated in clinical practice.ObjectivesThis exploratory study aimed to compare, in patients receiving conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARD) for treatment of RA, the effectiveness of combined use of csDMARD and denosumab vs csDMARD alone, in terms of inhibition of ER determined by HR-pQCT.MethodsDetail protocol of this open-label, randomized, parallel-group study has been published previously.1 RA patients with moderate or low disease activity and progressive ER were eligible, and were randomly assigned to receive denosumab in addition to the csDMARD (denosumab) group or to continued use of the csDMARD alone (csDMARD) group. Denosumab was administered every 6 months during the 12-month study period. The primary endpoint was change in ER-depth at the second and third metacarpal bones, determined by HR-pQCT at month 6. For the primary endpoint, a linear mixed effect model analysis was performed using treatment group, sex, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody (positive vs negative), and baseline disease activity (DAS28-ESR) as fixed effects, patients as random effects, and baseline values as covariates. For extension data, measurement time-point and the interaction between treatment group and measurement time-point was further added as fixed effects. The adverse events (AEs) were recorded.ResultsA total of 46 patients were randomized to denosumab and csDMARD groups (both N=23), and baseline characteristics were similar between both groups. Although the difference was not significant, the estimate mean (95%CI) change of ER-depth at month 6 from baseline as the primary endpoint was −0.57 (−1.52, 0.39) in the denosumab group vs −0.22 (−0.97, 0.53) in the csDMARD group, respectively. At months 6 and 12, ER-depth, -width, and -volume (extension data) were numerically lower in the denosumab group than in the csDMARD group (Table 1). Compared with patients in the csDMARD group, those in the denosumab group had significantly higher volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) at month 12. AEs were reported in 12 (52.2%) and 13 (56.5%) of patients in the denosumab and csDMARD groups, respectively. The most common AEs of denosumab groups was hypocalcemia (reported in 4), and all the events were causally related with denosumab. Serious AEs were reported in 1 (4.3%) and 2 (8.7%) of patients in the denosumab and csDMARD groups, and which were not related to treatment drug.Table 1.ER and microstructure in denosumab group vs csDMARD groupMonthDenosumab group (n=21)csDMARDs group (n=22)Difference (Denosumab- csDMARDs)n1Estimate Means [95%CI]n1Estimate Means [95%CI]Estimate Means [95%CI]ER-depth617−0.46 [−1.31, 0.39]25−0.20 [−0.89, 0.49]−0.27 [−0.86, 0.32]1217−0.56 [−1.41, 0.29]22−0.20 [−0.90, 0.49]−0.35 [−0.95, 0.24]ER-width617−0.26 [−1.10, 0.57]25−0.06 [−0.73, 0.61]−0.20 [−0.81, 0.40]1217−0.27 [−1.10, 0.56]22−0.03 [−0.70, 0.64]−0.24 [−0.85, 0.38]ER-volume616−6.21 [−23.89, 11.46]24−1.71 [−16.07, 12.66]−4.51 [−16.67, 7.65]1217−6.25 [−23.94, 11.44]21−3.18 [−17.56, 11.20]−3.07 [−15.32, 9.17]vBMD6426.41 [2.78, 10.03]442.46 [−1.33, 6.24]3.95 [−0.05, 7.94]12389.20 [5.46, 12.95]423.66 [−0.15, 7.46]5.55 [1.46, 9.63]*These were extension data.This is the efficacy analysis set which excluded 3 patients from the full analysis set.*; p<0.01n, number of patients; n1, number of measurement pointsConclusionOur results suggest that adding denosumab to csDMARD therapy may help prevent ER, promote ER repair, and improve bone microstructure.References[1]Iwamoto N, et al., Trials. 2019;20(1):1–8.Disclosure of InterestsNaoki Iwamoto Speakers bureau: Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Grant/research support from: Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Ko Chiba Speakers bureau: Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shuntaro Sato: None declared, Kazuteru Shiraishi: None declared, Konosuke Watanabe: None declared, Nozomi Ohki: None declared, Akitomo Okada: None declared, Tomohiro Koga: None declared, Makiko Kobayashi Employee of: Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. (retired at submission), Kengo Saito Employee of: Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Naoki Okubo Employee of: Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Atsushi Kawakami Speakers bureau: Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Grant/research support from: Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.
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Hara F, Ono M, Kitano S, Nakayama T, Kawabata H, Watanabe K, Sasaki K, Kataoka T, Saji S, Yonemori K, Shien T, Iwata H. 160TiP A randomized controlled phase III study of bevacizumab and paclitaxel in combination with atezolizumab as a treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer: JCOG1919E/AMBITION study. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.03.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Haraga H, Satoh T, Watanabe K, Hamada N, Tani-Ishii N. Effect of the progression of Fusobacterium nucleatum-induced apical periodontitis on the gut microbiota. J Endod 2022; 48:1038-1045. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Oshitani N, Watanabe K, Sakuma T, Matsuda M, Oyama Y. Tranilast, an antifibrotic agent and COVID-19-induced pulmonary fibrosis. QJM 2022; 115:249-250. [PMID: 35262694 PMCID: PMC9383587 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Oshitani
- Address correspondence to N. Oshitani, Department of Internal Medicine, Social Welfare Service Corporation Ishii Memorial Aizen-en, Aizenbashi Infirmary, 5-16-15, Nipponbashi Naniwa-ku, Osaka 556-0005, Japan.
| | - K Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Social Welfare Service Corporation Ishii Memorial Aizen-en, Aizenbashi Infirmary, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Sakuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Social Welfare Service Corporation Ishii Memorial Aizen-en, Aizenbashi Infirmary, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Matsuda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Social Welfare Service Corporation Ishii Memorial Aizen-en, Aizenbashi Infirmary, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Oyama
- Department of Radiology, Social Welfare Service Corporation Ishii Memorial Aizen-en, Aizenbashi Infirmary, Osaka, Japan
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Turkel S, Swann J, Zhu Z, Christos M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Sachdev S, Scheurer MS, Kaxiras E, Dean CR, Pasupathy AN. Orderly disorder in magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene. Science 2022; 376:193-199. [PMID: 35389784 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene (TTG) has recently emerged as a platform to engineer strongly correlated flat bands. We reveal the normal-state structural and electronic properties of TTG using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy at twist angles for which superconductivity has been observed. Real trilayer samples undergo a strong reconstruction of the moiré lattice, which locks layers into near-magic-angle, mirror symmetric domains comparable in size with the superconducting coherence length. This relaxation introduces an array of localized twist-angle faults, termed twistons and moiré solitons, whose electronic structure deviates strongly from the background regions, leading to a doping-dependent, spatially granular electronic landscape. The Fermi-level density of states is maximally uniform at dopings for which superconductivity has been observed in transport measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Turkel
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Joshua Swann
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ziyan Zhu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Maine Christos
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Subir Sachdev
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Mathias S Scheurer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Efthimios Kaxiras
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Abhay N Pasupathy
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.,Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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Bansal N, Jeewa A, Richmond M, Watanabe K, Lorts A, Rosenthal D, Taylor K, O'Shea C, Smyth L, Koehl D, Zhao H, Hollander S. Reducing Donor Acceptance Practice Variation- Learnings from a Discussion Forum. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Takamori S, Oku Y, Toyokawa G, Wakasu S, Kinoshita F, Watanabe K, Haratake N, Nagano T, Kosai K, Shiraishi Y, Yamashita T, Shimokawa M, Shoji F, Yamazaki K, Okamoto T, Seto T, Takeo S, Nakashima N, Okamoto I, Takenaka T. 62P Impact of the pretreatment prognostic nutritional index on the survival after first-line immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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