1
|
Sarwar MS, Ramirez CN, Kuo HCD, Chou P, Wu R, Sargsyan D, Yang Y, Shannar A, Peter RM, Yin R, Wang Y, Su X, Kong AN. Triterpenoid ursolic acid regulates the environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene-driven epigenetic and metabolic alterations in SKH-1 hairless mice for skin cancer interception. Carcinogenesis 2024; 45:288-299. [PMID: 38466106 PMCID: PMC11102768 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental carcinogens accountable to developing skin cancers. Recently, we reported that exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a common PAH, causes epigenetic and metabolic alterations in the initiation, promotion and progression of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). As a follow-up investigation, this study examines how dietary triterpenoid ursolic acid (UA) regulates B[a]P-driven epigenetic and metabolic pathways in SKH-1 hairless mice. Our results show UA intercepts against B[a]P-induced tumorigenesis at different stages of NMSC. Epigenomic cytosines followed by guanine residues (CpG) methyl-seq data showed UA diminished B[a]P-mediated differentially methylated regions (DMRs) profiles. Transcriptomic RNA-seq revealed UA revoked B[a]P-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of skin cancer-related genes, such as leucine-rich repeat LGI family member 2 (Lgi2) and kallikrein-related peptidase 13 (Klk13), indicating UA plays a vital role in B[a]P-mediated gene regulation and its potential consequences in NMSC interception. Association analysis of DEGs and DMRs found that the mRNA expression of KLK13 gene was correlated with the promoter CpG methylation status in the early-stage comparison group, indicating UA could regulate the KLK13 by modulating its promoter methylation at an early stage of NMSC. The metabolomic study showed UA alters B[a]P-regulated cancer-associated metabolisms like thiamin metabolism, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism during the initiation phase; pyruvate, citrate and thiamin metabolism during the promotion phase; and beta-alanine and pathothenate coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis during the late progression phase. Taken together, UA reverses B[a]P-driven epigenetic, transcriptomic and metabolic reprogramming, potentially contributing to the overall cancer interception against B[a]P-mediated NMSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Christina N Ramirez
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hsiao-Chen Dina Kuo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Pochung Chou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Renyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Davit Sargsyan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yuqing Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ahmad Shannar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rebecca Mary Peter
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yujue Wang
- Metabolomics Shared Resource, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Metabolomics Shared Resource, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sarwar MS, Ramirez CN, Dina Kuo HC, Chou P, Wu R, Sargsyan D, Yang Y, Shannar A, Mary Peter R, Yin R, Wang Y, Su X, Kong AN. The environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene regulates epigenetic reprogramming and metabolic rewiring in a two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis model. Carcinogenesis 2023; 44:436-449. [PMID: 37100755 PMCID: PMC10414144 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common cancer in the world. Environmental exposure to carcinogens is one of the major causes of NMSC initiation and progression. In the current study, we utilized a two-stage skin carcinogenesis mouse model generated by sequential exposure to cancer-initiating agent benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and promoting agent 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), to study epigenetic, transcriptomic and metabolic changes at different stages during the development of NMSC. BaP/TPA caused significant alterations in DNA methylation and gene expression profiles in skin carcinogenesis, as evidenced by DNA-seq and RNA-seq analysis. Correlation analysis between differentially expressed genes and differentially methylated regions found that the mRNA expression of oncogenes leucine rich repeat LGI family member 2 (Lgi2), kallikrein-related peptidase 13 (Klk13) and SRY-Box transcription factor (Sox5) are correlated with the promoter CpG methylation status, indicating BaP/TPA regulates these oncogenes through regulating their promoter methylation at different stages of NMSC. Pathway analysis identified that the modulation of macrophage-stimulating protein-recepteur d'origine nantais and high-mobility group box 1 signaling pathways, superpathway of melatonin degradation, melatonin degradation 1, sirtuin signaling and actin cytoskeleton signaling pathways are associated with the development of NMSC. The metabolomic study showed BaP/TPA regulated cancer-associated metabolisms like pyrimidine and amino acid metabolisms/metabolites and epigenetic-associated metabolites, such as S-adenosylmethionine, methionine and 5-methylcytosine, indicating a critical role in carcinogen-mediated metabolic reprogramming and its consequences on cancer development. Altogether, this study provides novel insights integrating methylomic, transcriptomic and metabolic-signaling pathways that could benefit future skin cancer treatment and interception studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Christina N Ramirez
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hsiao-Chen Dina Kuo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Pochung Chou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Renyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Davit Sargsyan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yuqing Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ahmad Shannar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rebecca Mary Peter
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yujue Wang
- Metabolomics Shared Resource, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Metabolomics Shared Resource, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gopinatha Pillai MS, Aiswarya SU, Keerthana CK, Rayginia TP, Anto RJ. Targeting receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: Avenues in the management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. iScience 2023; 26:106816. [PMID: 37235052 PMCID: PMC10206193 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide. Among the various types of NMSCs, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) exhibits more aggressive phenotype and is also the second-most prevalent type. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) triggers key signaling events that play critical roles in the development of various cancers including cSCC. Unsurprisingly, for this reason, this family of proteins has become the cynosure of anti-cancer drug discovery pipelines and is also being considered as attractive targets against cSCC. Though inhibition of RTKs in cSCC has yielded favourable results, there is still scope for bettering the therapeutic outcome. In this review, we discuss the relevance of RTK signaling in the progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and observations from clinical trials that used RTK inhibitors against cSCC. Backed by results from preclinical studies, including those from our lab, we also give insights into the scope of using some natural products as effective suppressors of RTK signaling and skin carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sreekumar U. Aiswarya
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Chenicheri K. Keerthana
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Tennyson P. Rayginia
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ruby John Anto
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang T, Rho O, Eguiarte-Solomon F, DiGiovanni J. Twist1 as a target for prevention of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:62-76. [PMID: 36373194 PMCID: PMC9772054 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) represents an important clinical problem requiring novel approaches for both prevention and treatment. The transcription factor, Twist-related protein 1 (Twist1), has been identified as having a key mechanistic role in the development and progression of cSCC. Studies in relevant mouse models of cSCC have shown that Twist1 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness driving progression and metastasis of cSCC. In addition, further research has shown that Twist1 regulates the balance between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation and therefore impacts earlier stages of cSCC development. Through use of keratinocyte specific Twist1 knockout models, a role for this gene in keratinocyte stem cell homeostasis has been revealed. As a transcription factor, Twist1 regulates a large number of genes both in a positive, as well as a negative manner across several interdependent pathways. Studies in keratinocyte specific knockout models have shown that Twist1 upregulates the expression of genes involved in proliferation, stemness, and EMT while downregulating the expression of genes associated with differentiation. Furthermore, a number of compounds, including naturally occurring compounds, have been identified that target Twist1 and can block its effects in cancer cells and in keratinocytes in vivo. Collectively, the current understanding of Twist1 function in cSCC development and progression suggests that it represents a potential target for prevention and treatment of cSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingzeng Wang
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, United States
| | - Okkyung Rho
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, United States
| | - Fernando Eguiarte-Solomon
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, United States
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, United States
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, United States
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ramchatesingh B, Martínez Villarreal A, Arcuri D, Lagacé F, Setah SA, Touma F, Al-Badarin F, Litvinov IV. The Use of Retinoids for the Prevention and Treatment of Skin Cancers: An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012622. [PMID: 36293471 PMCID: PMC9603842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoids are natural and synthetic vitamin A derivatives that are effective for the prevention and the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). NMSCs constitute a heterogenous group of non-melanocyte-derived skin cancers that impose substantial burdens on patients and healthcare systems. They include entities such as basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (collectively called keratinocyte carcinomas), cutaneous lymphomas and Kaposi’s sarcoma among others. The retinoid signaling pathway plays influential roles in skin physiology and pathology. These compounds regulate diverse biological processes within the skin, including proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis and immune regulation. Collectively, retinoids can suppress skin carcinogenesis. Both topical and systemic retinoids have been investigated in clinical trials as NMSC prophylactics and treatments. Desirable efficacy and tolerability in clinical trials have prompted health regulatory bodies to approve the use of retinoids for NMSC management. Acceptable off-label uses of these compounds as drugs for skin cancers are also described. This review is a comprehensive outline on the biochemistry of retinoids, their activities in the skin, their effects on cancer cells and their adoption in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Domenico Arcuri
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - François Lagacé
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Samy Abu Setah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Fadi Touma
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Faris Al-Badarin
- Faculté de Médicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0V6, Canada
| | - Ivan V. Litvinov
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Asare O, Ayala Y, Hafeez BB, Ramirez-Correa GA, Cho YY, Kim DJ. Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure and its Impacts on Cutaneous Phosphorylation Signaling in Carcinogenesis: Focusing on Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases †. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 99:344-355. [PMID: 36029171 DOI: 10.1111/php.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight exposure is a significant risk factor for UV-induced deteriorating transformations of epidermal homeostasis leading to skin carcinogenesis. The ability of UVB radiation to cause melanoma, as well as basal and squamous cell carcinomas, makes UVB the most harmful among the three known UV ranges. UVB-induced DNA mutations and dysregulation of signaling pathways contribute to skin cancer formation. Among various signaling pathways modulated by UVB, tyrosine phosphorylation signaling which is mediated by the action of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) on specific tyrosine residues is highly implicated in photocarcinogenesis. Following UVB irradiation, PTKs get activated and their downstream signaling pathways contribute to photocarcinogenesis by promoting the survival of damaged keratinocytes and increasing cell proliferation. While UVB activates oncogenic signaling pathways, it can also activate tumor suppressive signaling pathways as initial protective mechanisms to maintain epidermal homeostasis. Tyrosine dephosphorylation is one of the protective mechanisms and is mediated by the action of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTP can counteract UVB-mediated PTK activation and downregulate oncogenic signaling pathways. However, PTPs have not been studied extensively in photocarcinogenesis with previous studies regarding their inactivation induced by UVB. This current review will summarize the recent progress in the protective function of PTPs in epidermal photocarcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Obed Asare
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX
| | - Yasmin Ayala
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX
| | - Bilal Bin Hafeez
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX.,South Texas Center for Excellence in Cancer Research, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX
| | - Genaro A Ramirez-Correa
- Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Korea
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX.,South Texas Center for Excellence in Cancer Research, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX.,Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang X, Guo Y, Xiao T, Li J, Guo A, Lei L, Jin C, Long Q, Su J, Yin M, Liu H, Chen C, Zhou Z, Zhu S, Tao J, Hu S, Chen X, Peng C. CD147 mediates epidermal malignant transformation through the RSK2/AP-1 pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:246. [PMID: 35964097 PMCID: PMC9375950 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02427-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Malignant transformation of the epidermis is an essential process in the pathogenesis of cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (cSCC). Although evidence has demonstrated that CD147 plays key roles in various tumors, the role of CD147 in epidermal malignant transformation in vivo remains unclear.
Methods
Epidermal CD147-overexpression or knockout (EpiCD147-OE or EpiCD147-KO) transgenic mouse models were generated for in vivo study. RNA-sequencing and q-PCR were performed to identify the differentially expressed genes. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were performed to investigate the role of CD147 in regulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Immunoprecipitation, EMSA and ChIP assays were performed to investigate the mechanism of CD147 in cell transformation.
Results
We found that specific overexpression of CD147 in the epidermis (EpiCD147-OE) induces spontaneous tumor formation; moreover, a set of chemokines and cytokines including CXCL1, which play essential function in MDSC recruitment, were significantly upregulated in EpiCD147-OE transgenic mice. As expected, overexpression of CD147 in the epidermis remarkably facilitated tumorigenesis by increasing the rate of tumor initiation and the number and size of tumors in the DMBA/TPA mouse model. Interestingly, the expression of CXCL1 and the infiltration of MDSCs were dramatically increased in EpiCD147-OE transgenic mice. Our findings also showed that knockdown of CD147 attenuated EGF-induced malignant transformation as well as CXCL1 expression in HaCaT cells. Consistently, CD147 was found overexpressed in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), and positively related with the expression of CD33, a myeloid-associated marker. We further identified RSK2, a serine/threonine kinase, as an interacting partner of CD147 at the binding site of CD147D207-230. The interaction of CD147 and RSK2 activated RSK2, thus enhancing AP-1 transcriptional activation. Furthermore, EMSAs and ChIP assays showed that AP-1 could associate with the CXCL1 promoter. Importantly, RSK2 inhibitor suppressed the tumor growth in DMBA/TPA mouse model by inhibiting the recruitment of MDSCs.
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate that CD147 exerts a key function in epidermal malignant transformation in vivo by activating keratinocytes and recruiting MDSCs via the RSK2/AP-1 pathway.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Y, Zhang W, Bai X, Liu Y. Targeting the transcriptional activity of STAT3 by a novel fusion protein. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:751. [PMID: 35810312 PMCID: PMC9271252 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continuous activation of transcription factors drives many diseases, including tumors, autoimmune disease, neurodegenerative disease, and male infertility. Thus, Blocking the transcriptional activity of these proteins may inhibit disease progression. In this study, we developed a new method to specifically inhibit the activity of the transcription factor STAT3. METHODS Fusing the transcriptional inhibitory domain KRAB with STAT3 successfully blocked the transcription activity of STAT3 in cancer cells without affecting its function in the mitochondria and lysosomes. RESULTS the expression of KRAB-STAT3 fusion protein inhibited the growth of tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS The KRAB-STAT3 fusion protein provides a novel approach for drug development for the treatment of cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Research Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (RIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiufeng Bai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Laboratory of Human Disease and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Research Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (RIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Research Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (RIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rammohan M, Harris E, Bhansali RS, Zhao E, Li LS, Crispino JD. The chromosome 21 kinase DYRK1A: emerging roles in cancer biology and potential as a therapeutic target. Oncogene 2022; 41:2003-2011. [PMID: 35220406 PMCID: PMC8977259 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1 A (DYRK1A) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the DYRK family of proteins, a subgroup of the evolutionarily conserved CMGC protein kinase superfamily. Due to its localization on chromosome 21, the biological significance of DYRK1A was initially characterized in the pathogenesis of Down syndrome (DS) and related neurodegenerative diseases. However, increasing evidence has demonstrated a prominent role in cancer through its ability to regulate biologic processes including cell cycle progression, DNA damage repair, transcription, ubiquitination, tyrosine kinase activity, and cancer stem cell maintenance. DYRK1A has been identified as both an oncogene and tumor suppressor in different models, underscoring the importance of cellular context in its function. Here, we review mechanistic contributions of DYRK1A to cancer biology and its role as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malini Rammohan
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ethan Harris
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rahul S Bhansali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Zhao
- Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Loretta S Li
- Molecular and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John D Crispino
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
STAT3 Activation in Psoriasis and Cancers. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101903. [PMID: 34679602 PMCID: PMC8534757 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 has been reported in many cancers. It is also well known that STAT3 is activated in skin lesions of psoriasis, a chronic skin disease. In this study, to ascertain whether patients with psoriasis have a predisposition to STAT3 activation, we examined phosphorylated STAT3 in cancer cells of psoriasis patients via immunohistochemistry. We selected patients with psoriasis who visited the Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University Hospital, from January 2000 to May 2015, and had a history of cancer. We performed immunostaining for phosphorylated STAT3 in tumor cells of five, four, and six cases of gastric, lung, and head and neck cancer, respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference in STAT3 activation in any of the three cancer types between the psoriasis and control groups. Although this study presents limitations in its sample size and inconsistency in the histology and differentiation of the cancers, results suggest that psoriasis patients do not have a predisposition to STAT3 activation. Instead, STAT3 activation is intricately regulated by each disorder or cellular microenvironment in both cancer and psoriasis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Piipponen M, Riihilä P, Nissinen L, Kähäri VM. The Role of p53 in Progression of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184507. [PMID: 34572732 PMCID: PMC8466956 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancers are the most common types of cancer worldwide, and their incidence is increasing. Melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are the three major types of skin cancer. Melanoma originates from melanocytes, whereas BCC and cSCC originate from epidermal keratinocytes and are therefore called keratinocyte carcinomas. Chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a common risk factor for skin cancers, but they differ with respect to oncogenic mutational profiles and alterations in cellular signaling pathways. cSCC is the most common metastatic skin cancer, and it is associated with poor prognosis in the advanced stage. An important early event in cSCC development is mutation of the TP53 gene and inactivation of the tumor suppressor function of the tumor protein 53 gene (TP53) in epidermal keratinocytes, which then leads to accumulation of additional oncogenic mutations. Additional genomic and proteomic alterations are required for the progression of premalignant lesion, actinic keratosis, to invasive and metastatic cSCC. Recently, the role of p53 in the invasion of cSCC has also been elucidated. In this review, the role of p53 in the progression of cSCC and as potential new therapeutic target for cSCC will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minna Piipponen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (M.P.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
- FICAN West Cancer Centre Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Dermatology and Venereology Division, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (M.P.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
- FICAN West Cancer Centre Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (M.P.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
- FICAN West Cancer Centre Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (M.P.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
- FICAN West Cancer Centre Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-2-3131600
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Choi J, West CE, Roh YS, Sutaria N, Kwatra SG, Kwatra MM. Mouse models for actinic keratoses. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2021; 110:107071. [PMID: 33933627 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Actinic keratoses (AKs) represent a premalignant skin condition due to chronic sun damage that dramatically increases in prevalence in the aging population. Currently, animal models of AKs utilize photocarcinogenesis, chemical carcinogens, or targeted gene modulation, and each method possesses unique strengths and weaknesses. Models using photodamage most comprehensively describe methods for preferentially selecting AK lesions, while replicating the pathogenesis of AKs with greater fidelity than models utilizing other carcinogenic methods. The following review of current murine models of AKs will aid in the selection of mouse models appropriate for future in vivo studies to test the efficacy of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of AKs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | | | - Youkyung S Roh
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Nishadh Sutaria
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Shawn G Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Madan M Kwatra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Eguiarte-Solomon F, Blazanin N, Rho O, Carbajal S, Felsher DW, Tran PT, DiGiovanni J. Twist1 is required for the development of UVB-induced squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:342-353. [PMID: 33713497 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Twist1 has been reported to be essential for the formation and invasiveness of chemically induced tumors in mouse skin. However, the impact of keratinocyte-specific Twist1 deletion on skin carcinogenesis caused by UVB radiation has not been reported. Deletion of Twist1 in basal keratinocytes of mouse epidermis using K5.Cre × Twist1flox/flox mice led to significantly reduced UVB-induced epidermal hyperproliferation. In addition, keratinocyte-specific deletion of Twist1 significantly suppressed UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis. Further analyses revealed that deletion of Twist1 in cultured keratinocytes or mouse epidermis in vivo led to keratinocyte differentiation. In this regard, deletion of Twist1 in epidermal keratinocytes showed significant induction of early and late differentiation markers, including TG1, K1, OVOL1, loricrin, and filaggrin. Similar results were obtained with topical application of harmine, a Harmala alkaloid that leads to degradation of Twist1. In contrast, overexpression of Twist1 in cultured keratinocytes suppressed calcium-induced differentiation. Further analyses using both K5.Cre × Twist1flox/flox mice and an inducible system where Twist1 was deleted in bulge region keratinocytes showed loss of expression of hair follicle stem/progenitor markers, including CD34, Lrig1, Lgr5, and Lgr6. These data support the conclusion that Twist1 has a direct role in maintaining the balance between proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes and keratinocyte stem/progenitor populations. Collectively, these results demonstrate a critical role for Twist1 early in the process of UVB skin carcinogenesis, and that Twist1 may be a novel target for the prevention of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Eguiarte-Solomon
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and the Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Nicholas Blazanin
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and the Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Okkyung Rho
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and the Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Steve Carbajal
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and the Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and the Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ishimoto T, Takaishi M, Ishizuka M, Inoue K, Sano S. Photodynamic therapy selectively eradicates ultraviolet B-induced squamous cell carcinoma lesion through rapid apoptosis to restore normal epidermis in a mouse model. J Dermatol 2020; 48:245-247. [PMID: 33249624 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsushi Ishimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Mikiro Takaishi
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | | | - Keiji Inoue
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan.,Center for Photodynamic Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Sano
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan.,Center for Photodynamic Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Method to Study Skin Cancer: Two-Stage Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mouse Skin. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32314221 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0648-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-stage chemical carcinogenesis method is widely used to elucidate genetic and molecular changes that lead to skin cancer development, as well as to test chemotherapeutic properties of novel drugs. This protocol allows researchers to reliably induce benign papilloma development and their conversion to squamous cell carcinoma in the skin of susceptible mouse strains in response to a single dose of carcinogen 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (DMBA) and repetitive applications of tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA).
Collapse
|
16
|
Gualandi M, Iorio M, Engeler O, Serra-Roma A, Gasparre G, Schulte JH, Hohl D, Shakhova O. Oncogenic ALK F1174L drives tumorigenesis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/6/e201900601. [PMID: 32312912 PMCID: PMC7184028 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we show for the first time that anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a receptor tyrosine kinase of the insulin receptor superfamily, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cSCC. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer characterized by increased mortality. Here, we show for the first time that anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a receptor tyrosine kinase of the insulin receptor superfamily, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cSCC. Our data demonstrate that the overexpression of the constitutively active, mutated ALK, ALKF1174L, is sufficient to initiate the development of cSCC and is 100% penetrant. Moreover, we show that cSCC development upon ALKF1174L overexpression is independent of the cell-of-origin. Molecularly, our data demonstrate that ALKF1174L cooperates with oncogenic KrasG12D and loss of p53, well-established events in the biology of cSCC. This cooperation results in a more aggressive cSCC type associated with a higher grade histological morphology. Finally, we demonstrate that Stat3 is a key downstream effector of ALKF1174L and likely plays a role in ALKF1174L-driven cSCC tumorigenesis. In sum, these findings reveal that ALK can exert its tumorigenic potential via cooperation with multiple pathways crucial in the pathogenesis of cSCC. Finally, we show that human cSCCs contain mutations in the ALK gene. Taken together, our data identify ALK as a new key player in the pathogenesis of cSCC, and this knowledge suggests that oncogenic ALK signaling can be a target for future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gualandi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Iorio
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Medical Genetics Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Olivia Engeler
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - André Serra-Roma
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Medical Genetics Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Hohl
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hôpital de Beaumont, Lausanne University Hospital Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olga Shakhova
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shankar G. M, Alex VV, Nisthul A. A, Bava SV, Sundaram S, Retnakumari AP, Chittalakkottu S, Anto RJ. Pre-clinical evidences for the efficacy of tryptanthrin as a potent suppressor of skin cancer. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12710. [PMID: 31663659 PMCID: PMC6985671 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of indigo naturalis, a traditional Chinese medicine ingredient, against psoriasis, a skin disease characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation and inflammation. The present study investigates the efficacy of tryptanthrin, a bioactive compound in indigo naturalis, against non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and the signalling events involved. METHODS Efficacy of tryptanthrin against NMSC was assessed using DMBA/PMA-induced skin carcinogenesis model in Swiss albino mice. Immunostaining for PCNA and ki-67 was used to mark proliferating cells in tissues. Haematoxylin and eosin staining and toluidine staining were employed to assess inflammation, and TUNEL assay was used to detect apoptosis in tissues. The signalling events were evaluated using Western blot, imunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. MTT assay and clonogenic assay were performed to assess the viability and proliferation of cancer cells, in vitro. RESULTS In mice, topical application of tryptanthrin suppressed skin carcinogenesis. It attenuated inflammation, impeded the proliferation of hair follicle (HF) cells and suppressed the activation of β-catenin, a major driver of HF cell proliferation. Additionally tryptanthrin suppressed the activation of ERK1/2 and p38, both of which promote β-catenin activation and lowered the expression of c-Myc and cyclin-D1. Tryptanthrin suppressed the proliferation of the human NMSC cell line, A431 and abrogated EGF-induced activation of β-catenin and subsequent cytoskeletal rearrangement. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates with molecular evidence that tryptanthrin is an effective suppressor of NMSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Shankar G.
- Division of Cancer ResearchRajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuramKeralaIndia
- Research ScholarManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Vijai V. Alex
- Division of Cancer ResearchRajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuramKeralaIndia
| | - Amrutha Nisthul A.
- Department of Biotechnology and MicrobiologyKannur UniversityKannurKeralaIndia
| | - Smitha V. Bava
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of CalicutCalicutKeralaIndia
| | - Sankar Sundaram
- Department of PathologyGovernment Medical CollegeKottayamKeralaIndia
| | - Archana P. Retnakumari
- Division of Cancer ResearchRajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuramKeralaIndia
| | | | - Ruby John Anto
- Division of Cancer ResearchRajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuramKeralaIndia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Morales LD, Archbold AK, Olivarez S, Slaga TJ, DiGiovanni J, Kim DJ. The role of T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase in epithelial carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1640-1647. [PMID: 31264291 PMCID: PMC6692238 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP, encoded by PTPN2) is a nonreceptor PTP that is most highly expressed in hematopoietic tissues. TC-PTP modulates a variety of physiological functions including cell cycle progression, cell survival and proliferation, and hematopoiesis through tyrosine dephosphorylation of its target substrates, such as EGFR, JAK1, JAK3, STAT1, and STAT3. Studies with whole or tissue-specific loss of TC-PTP function transgenic mice have shown that TC-PTP has crucial roles in the regulation of the immune response, insulin signaling, and oncogenic signaling. More recently, the generation of epidermal-specific TC-PTP-deficient mice for use in multistage skin carcinogenesis bioassays demonstrated that TC-PTP suppresses skin tumor formation by negatively regulating STAT3 and AKT signaling. Further investigation showed that TC-PTP also minimizes UVB-induced epidermal cell damage by promoting apoptosis through the negative regulation of Flk-1/JNK signaling. These findings provide major evidence for a tumor suppressive function for TC-PTP against environment-induced skin cancer. Here, we will discuss TC-PTP, its substrates, and its functions with an emphasis on its role in skin carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liza D. Morales
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA
| | - Anna K. Archbold
- Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA
| | - Serena Olivarez
- Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA
| | - Thomas J. Slaga
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA
- Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shoemaker RH, Fox JT, Juliana MM, Moeinpour FL, Grubbs CJ. Evaluation of the STAT3 inhibitor GLG‑302 for the prevention of estrogen receptor‑positive and ‑negative mammary cancers. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1205-1213. [PMID: 31322250 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a key role in the transformation of normal cells to cancerous cells. Although inhibitors of STAT3 have been shown to suppress the growth of multiple cancer types in vitro and in vivo, such agents are of particular interest for the prevention of breast cancer, which affects over 200,000 women and claims more than 40,000 lives in the United States each year. In the present study, we employed the MMTV/Neu transgenic mouse model, which develops estrogen receptor (ER)‑negative, Neu‑overexpressing tumors, and the Sprague‑Dawley (SD) rat model, which develops ER‑positive tumors upon exposure to the carcinogen 7,12‑dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), to test the efficacy of the STAT3 inhibitor GLG‑302 in the prevention of mammary cancer. Orally administered GLG‑302 and its trizma salt derivative reduced mammary cancer incidence, multiplicity, and tumor weights in female MMTV/Neu mice, and GLG‑302 reduced tumor multiplicity and weights in female DMBA‑treated rats. Consistent with the mechanism of action of STAT3 inhibitors, the reductions in mammary tumors were correlated with decreases in STAT3 phosphorylation and cell proliferation. These data suggest that GLG‑302 is a novel agent with potential for prevention of mammary cancer and support the further development of STAT3 inhibitors for this cause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Shoemaker
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jennifer T Fox
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Margaret M Juliana
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Fariba L Moeinpour
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Clinton J Grubbs
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases as Potential Regulators of STAT3 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092708. [PMID: 30208623 PMCID: PMC6164089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein is a major transcription factor involved in many cellular processes, such as cell growth and proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cell death or cell apoptosis. It is activated in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli including cytokines and growth factors. The aberrant activation of STAT3 contributes to several human diseases, particularly cancer. Consequently, STAT3-mediated signaling continues to be extensively studied in order to identify potential targets for the development of new and more effective clinical therapeutics. STAT3 activation can be regulated, either positively or negatively, by different posttranslational mechanisms including serine or tyrosine phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, acetylation, or demethylation. One of the major mechanisms that negatively regulates STAT3 activation is dephosphorylation of the tyrosine residue essential for its activation by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). There are seven PTPs that have been shown to dephosphorylate STAT3 and, thereby, regulate STAT3 signaling: PTP receptor-type D (PTPRD), PTP receptor-type T (PTPRT), PTP receptor-type K (PTPRK), Src homology region 2 (SH-2) domain-containing phosphatase 1(SHP1), SH-2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2), MEG2/PTP non-receptor type 9 (PTPN9), and T-cell PTP (TC-PTP)/PTP non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2). These regulators have great potential as targets for the development of more effective therapies against human disease, including cancer.
Collapse
|
21
|
Vorhagen S, Kleefisch D, Persa OD, Graband A, Schwickert A, Saynisch M, Leitges M, Niessen CM, Iden S. Shared and independent functions of aPKCλ and Par3 in skin tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2018; 37:5136-5146. [PMID: 29789715 PMCID: PMC6137026 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The polarity proteins Par3 and aPKC are key regulators of processes altered in cancer. Par3/aPKC are thought to dynamically interact with Par6 but increasing evidence suggests that aPKC and Par3 also exert complex-independent functions. Whereas aPKCλ serves as tumor promotor, Par3 can either promote or suppress tumorigenesis. Here we asked whether and how Par3 and aPKCλ genetically interact to control two-stage skin carcinogenesis. Epidermal loss of Par3, aPKCλ, or both, strongly reduced tumor multiplicity and increased latency but inhibited invasion to similar extents, indicating that Par3 and aPKCλ function as a complex to promote tumorigenesis. Molecularly, Par3/aPKCλ cooperate to promote Akt, ERK and NF-κB signaling during tumor initiation to sustain growth, whereas aPKCλ dominates in promoting survival. In the inflammatory tumorigenesis phase Par3/aPKCλ cooperate to drive Stat3 activation and hyperproliferation. Unexpectedly, the reduced inflammatory signaling did not alter carcinogen-induced immune cell numbers but reduced IL-4 Receptor-positive stromal macrophage numbers in all mutant mice, suggesting that epidermal aPKCλ and Par3 promote a tumor-permissive environment. Importantly, aPKCλ also serves a distinct, carcinogen-independent role in controlling skin immune cell homeostasis. Collectively, our data demonstrates that Par3 and aPKCλ cooperate to promote skin tumor initiation and progression, likely through sustaining growth, survival, and inflammatory signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Vorhagen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Dominik Kleefisch
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Oana-Diana Persa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany
| | - Annika Graband
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schwickert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Michael Saynisch
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Michael Leitges
- Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.
| | - Sandra Iden
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Morgan EL, Wasson CW, Hanson L, Kealy D, Pentland I, McGuire V, Scarpini C, Coleman N, Arthur JSC, Parish JL, Roberts S, Macdonald A. STAT3 activation by E6 is essential for the differentiation-dependent HPV18 life cycle. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006975. [PMID: 29630659 PMCID: PMC5908086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) activate a number of host factors to control their differentiation-dependent life cycles. The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 is important for cell cycle progression and cell survival in response to cytokines and growth factors. STAT3 requires phosphorylation on Ser727, in addition to phosphorylation on Tyr705 to be transcriptionally active. In this study, we show that STAT3 is essential for the HPV life cycle in undifferentiated and differentiated keratinocytes. Primary human keratinocytes containing high-risk HPV18 genomes display enhanced STAT3 phosphorylation compared to normal keratinocytes. Expression of the E6 oncoprotein is sufficient to induce the dual phosphorylation of STAT3 at Ser727 and Tyr705 by a mechanism requiring Janus kinases and members of the MAPK family. E6-mediated activation of STAT3 induces the transcription of STAT3 responsive genes including cyclin D1 and Bcl-xL. Silencing of STAT3 protein expression by siRNA or inhibition of STAT3 activation by small molecule inhibitors, or by expression of dominant negative STAT3 phosphorylation site mutants, results in blockade of cell cycle progression. Loss of active STAT3 impairs HPV gene expression and prevents episome maintenance in undifferentiated keratinocytes and upon differentiation, lack of active STAT3 abolishes virus genome amplification and late gene expression. Organotypic raft cultures of HPV18 containing keratinocytes expressing a phosphorylation site STAT3 mutant display a profound reduction in suprabasal hyperplasia, which correlates with a loss of cyclin B1 expression and increased differentiation. Finally, increased STAT3 expression and phosphorylation is observed in HPV positive cervical disease biopsies compared to control samples, highlighting a role for STAT3 activation in cervical carcinogenesis. In summary, our data provides evidence of a critical role for STAT3 in the HPV18 life cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan L. Morgan
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher W. Wasson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Hanson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Kealy
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ieisha Pentland
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria McGuire
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Scarpini
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Coleman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J. Simon C. Arthur
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna L. Parish
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Roberts
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Macdonald
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
STAT3 mediates C6-ceramide-induced cell death in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2017; 2:17051. [PMID: 29263930 PMCID: PMC5661641 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2017.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is poorly understood and it remains incurable with current therapies. We have previously shown that nanoliposomal C6-ceramide (CNL) is an effective therapy in an in vivo murine model of CLL. However, the key signaling pathways mediating CNL-induced cell death in CLL remains unknown. We hypothesized that CNL targets STAT3, a critical regulator of hematopoietic biology. We observed that CNL treatment reduced phosphorylated STAT3 at both Y705 and S727 residues in CLL cell lines and patient cells. This, in turn, reduced STAT3 transcriptional activity and expression of critical STAT3-dependent survival factors like Mcl-1 and survivin. The effect of CNL on STAT3 was further confirmed ex vivo as shown by reduced STAT3 phosphorylation in xenograft tumors obtained from mice treated with CNL. CNL suppressed STAT3 phosphorylation at Y705 and S727 through reduction in BTK activity and MEK1/2 kinase/PKC activities, respectively. Moreover, a synergistic reduction in CLL cell viability was observed on co-treatment with CNL and the BTK inhibitor, ibrutinib. Expression of an oncogenic form of STAT3 conferred partial resistance to CNL, providing confirmation that STAT3 mediates CNL-induced cell death. Taken together, these findings provide the first body of evidence demonstrating ceramide regulation of STAT3 phosphorylation. These results are also the first to demonstrate an effect of ceramide on BTK, a critical kinase mediating the B-cell receptor signaling in CLL cells and suggest a novel and synergistic combination of CNL and BTK inhibitors for CLL treatment.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). CSCs possess the ability for perpetual self-renewal and proliferation, producing downstream progenitor cells and cancer cells that drive tumor growth. Studies of many cancer types including OCSCC have identified CSCs using specific markers, but it is still unclear as to where in the stem cell hierarchy these markers fall. This is compounded further by the presence of multiple CSC subtypes within OCSCC, making investigation reliant on the use of multiple markers. This review examines the current knowledge in CSC markers OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, ALDH1, phosphorylated STAT3, CD44, CD24, CD133, and Musashi-1, specifically focusing on their use and validity in OCSCC CSC research and how they may be organized into the CSC hierarchy. OCSCC CSCs also express components of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which suggests CSCs may be novel therapeutic targets by modulation of the RAS using existing medications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranui Baillie
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Swee T Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand.,Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial and Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mao X, Cho MJT, Ellebrecht CT, Mukherjee EM, Payne AS. Stat3 regulates desmoglein 3 transcription in epithelial keratinocytes. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92253. [PMID: 28469076 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an epithelial blistering disease caused by autoantibodies to the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 3 (DSG3). Glucocorticoids improve disease within days by increasing DSG3 gene transcription, although the mechanism for this observation remains unknown. Here, we show that DSG3 transcription in keratinocytes is regulated by Stat3. Treatment of primary human keratinocytes (PHKs) with hydrocortisone or rapamycin, but not the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190, significantly increases DSG3 mRNA and protein expression and correspondingly reduces phospho-S727 Stat3. Stat3 inhibition or shRNA-knockdown also significantly increases DSG3 mRNA and protein levels. Hydrocortisone- or rapamycin-treated PHKs demonstrate increased number and length of desmosomes by electron microscopy and are resistant to PV IgG-induced loss of cell adhesion, whereas constitutive activation of Stat3 in PHKs abrogates DSG3 upregulation and inhibits hydrocortisone and rapamycin's therapeutic effects. Topical hydrocortisone, rapamycin, or Stat3 inhibitor XVIII prevents autoantibody-induced blistering in the PV passive transfer mouse model, correlating with increased epidermal DSG3 expression and decreased phospho-S727 Stat3. Our data indicate that glucocorticoids and rapamycin upregulate DSG3 transcription through inhibition of Stat3. These studies explain how glucocorticoids rapidly improve pemphigus and may also offer novel insights into the physiologic and pathophysiologic regulation of desmosomal cadherin expression in normal epidermis and epithelial carcinomas.
Collapse
|
26
|
Targeted disruption of TC-PTP in the proliferative compartment augments STAT3 and AKT signaling and skin tumor development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45077. [PMID: 28322331 PMCID: PMC5359614 DOI: 10.1038/srep45077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation is a vital mechanism that contributes to skin carcinogenesis. It is regulated by the counter-activities of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Here, we report the critical role of T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP), encoded by Ptpn2, in chemically-induced skin carcinogenesis via the negative regulation of STAT3 and AKT signaling. Using epidermal specific TC-PTP knockout (K14Cre.Ptpn2fl/fl) mice, we demonstrate loss of TC-PTP led to a desensitization to tumor initiator 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced apoptosis both in vivo epidermis and in vitro keratinocytes. TC-PTP deficiency also resulted in a significant increase in epidermal thickness and hyperproliferation following exposure to the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Western blot analysis showed that both phosphorylated STAT3 and phosphorylated AKT expressions were significantly increased in epidermis of TC-PTP-deficient mice compared to control mice following TPA treatment. Inhibition of STAT3 or AKT reversed the effects of TC-PTP deficiency on apoptosis and proliferation. Finally, TC-PTP knockout mice showed a shortened latency of tumorigenesis and significantly increased numbers of tumors during two-stage skin carcinogenesis. Our findings reveal that TC-PTP has potential as a novel target for the prevention of skin cancer through its role in the regulation of STAT3 and AKT signaling.
Collapse
|
27
|
Masse I, Agaësse G, Berthier-Vergnes O. [Tetraspanins in cutaneous physiopathology]. Med Sci (Paris) 2016; 32:267-73. [PMID: 27011245 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20163203011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins are transmembrane proteins that interact laterally with each other and with different partners such as integrins, immunoglobulin (Ig)-domain-containing proteins, growth factors and cytokine receptors. Such tetraspanin-partner complexes help to organize dynamic membrane networks called "tetraspanin web", which trigger different signalling pathways. Despite the fact that tetraspanins seem abundantly and widely expressed, their function remained unclear. However, it is well established that they control fundamental cellular processes including cell survival, adhesion, migration, invasion or viral infection, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well elucidated. This review focuses on tetraspanins that are expressed in epidermis and the roles they play in normal and pathological conditions, specifically in skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Masse
- Université de Lyon 1, F-69003 Lyon, France - CNRS, UMR5534, centre de génétique et de physiologie moléculaires et cellulaires, 16, rue Raphaël Dubois, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Gweltaz Agaësse
- Université de Lyon 1, F-69003 Lyon, France - CNRS, UMR5534, centre de génétique et de physiologie moléculaires et cellulaires, 16, rue Raphaël Dubois, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Odile Berthier-Vergnes
- Université de Lyon 1, F-69003 Lyon, France - CNRS, UMR5534, centre de génétique et de physiologie moléculaires et cellulaires, 16, rue Raphaël Dubois, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Srivastava J, DiGiovanni J. Non-canonical Stat3 signaling in cancer. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1889-1898. [PMID: 26649644 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Stat3 is a member of the signal transducers and activators of transcription family and is a known regulator of essential biologic processes including angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and cell migration. Canonical Stat3-mediated signaling involves tyrosine phosphorylation on specific residues that leads to homodimerization and translocation to the nucleus. For many years it was presumed that most, if not all, of the functions of Stat3, both normal and aberrant, were due to the canonical cytokine and growth factor signaling mechanisms. Recent studies suggest that Stat3 functions through alternate non-canonical pathways to bring about some of these biological functions both in normal cells as well as during cancer development and progression. A number of studies have now shown that Stat3 has a function in mitochondria and that unphosphorylated Stat3 (uStat3) can also function as a transcription factor broadening the potential mechanisms involved in Stat3 action. In this review article, we discuss these two main non-canonical functions of Stat3 and their potential roles in oncogenesis. Given the many facets of Stat3 signaling, additional comprehensive investigations are required to fully understand the role of non-canonical Stat3 signaling in cancer and whether these pathways can be targeted for cancer prevention and treatment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Srivastava J, Rho O, Youssef RM, DiGiovanni J. Twist1 regulates keratinocyte proliferation and skin tumor promotion. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:941-52. [PMID: 26013710 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the effect of deleting Twist1 on keratinocyte proliferation and on skin tumor development using the two-stage chemical carcinogenesis model. BK5.Cre × Twist1(flox/flox) mice, which have a keratinocyte-specific Twist1 knockout (Twist1 KO), developed significantly reduced numbers of papilloma (70% reduction) and squamous cell carcinoma (75% reduction) as well as delayed tumor latency compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Interestingly, knockdown of Twist1 in primary keratinocytes impeded cell cycle progression at the G1/S transition that coincided with reduced levels of the cell cycle proteins c-Myc, Cyclin E1, and E2F1 and increased levels of p53 and p21. Furthermore, ChIP analyses revealed that Twist1 bound to the promoter regions of Cyclin E1, E2F1, and c-Myc at the canonical E-box binding motif suggesting a direct transcriptional regulation. Further analyses of Twist1 KO mice revealed a significant reduction in the number of label-retaining cells as well as the number of α6-integrin(+) /CD34(+) cells in the hair follicles of untreated mice compared to WT mice. These mice also exhibited significantly reduced epidermal proliferation in response to TPA treatment that again correlated with reduced levels of cell cycle regulators and increased levels of p53 and p21. Finally, Twist1 deficiency in keratinocytes led to an upregulation of p53 via its stabilization and nuclear localization, which is responsible for the increased expression of p21 in these cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that Twist1 has a novel role in epithelial carcinogenesis by regulating proliferation of keratinocytes, including keratinocyte stem cells during tumor promotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Okkyung Rho
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Ronnie M Youssef
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Orecchia V, Regis G, Tassone B, Valenti C, Avalle L, Saoncella S, Calautti E, Poli V. Constitutive STAT3 activation in epidermal keratinocytes enhances cell clonogenicity and favours spontaneous immortalization by opposing differentiation and senescence checkpoints. Exp Dermatol 2014; 24:29-34. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Orecchia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; Molecular Biotechnology Center; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - Gabriella Regis
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; Molecular Biotechnology Center; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - Beatrice Tassone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; Molecular Biotechnology Center; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - Chiara Valenti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; Molecular Biotechnology Center; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - Lidia Avalle
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; Molecular Biotechnology Center; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - Stefania Saoncella
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; Molecular Biotechnology Center; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - Enzo Calautti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; Molecular Biotechnology Center; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - Valeria Poli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; Molecular Biotechnology Center; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Six1 overexpression at early stages of HPV16-mediated transformation of human keratinocytes promotes differentiation resistance and EMT. Virology 2014; 474:144-53. [PMID: 25463612 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in our laboratory discovered that SIX1 mRNA expression increased during in vitro progression of HPV16-immortalized human keratinocytes (HKc/HPV16) toward a differentiation-resistant (HKc/DR) phenotype. In this study, we explored the role of Six1 at early stages of HPV16-mediated transformation by overexpressing Six1 in HKc/HPV16. We found that Six1 overexpression in HKc/HPV16 increased cell proliferation and promoted cell migration and invasion by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, the overexpression of Six1 in HKc/HPV16 resulted in resistance to serum and calcium-induced differentiation, which is the hallmark of the HKc/DR phenotype. Activation of MAPK in HKc/HPV16 overexpressing Six1 is linked to resistance to calcium-induced differentiation. In conclusion, this study determined that Six1 overexpression resulted in differentiation resistance and promoted EMT at early stages of HPV16-mediated transformation of human keratinocytes.
Collapse
|
32
|
WANG XING, JIANG LI. Effects of ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 1 on the proliferation and differentiation of human oral cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:1606-12. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
33
|
p38δ MAPK: Emerging Roles of a Neglected Isoform. Int J Cell Biol 2014; 2014:272689. [PMID: 25313309 PMCID: PMC4182853 DOI: 10.1155/2014/272689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
p38δ mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a unique stress responsive protein kinase. While the p38 MAPK family as a whole has been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes, a specific role for p38δ MAPK in cellular signalling and its contribution to both physiological and pathological conditions are presently lacking. Recent emerging evidence, however, provides some insights into specific p38δ MAPK signalling. Importantly, these studies have helped to highlight functional similarities as well as differences between p38δ MAPK and the other members of the p38 MAPK family of kinases. In this review we discuss the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying p38δ MAPK activity. We outline a role for p38δ MAPK in important cellular processes such as differentiation and apoptosis as well as pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and inflammatory disease. Interestingly, disparate roles for p38δ MAPK in tumour development have also recently been reported. Thus, we consider evidence which characterises p38δ MAPK as both a tumour promoter and a tumour suppressor. In summary, while our knowledge of p38δ MAPK has progressed somewhat since its identification in 1997, our understanding of this particular isoform in many cellular processes still strikingly lags behind that of its counterparts.
Collapse
|
34
|
Yang AY, Lee JH, Shu L, Zhang C, Su ZY, Lu Y, Huang MT, Ramirez C, Pung D, Huang Y, Verzi M, Hart RP, Kong ANT. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in UVB- and DMBA/TPA-induced mouse skin cancer models. Life Sci 2014; 113:45-54. [PMID: 25093921 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ultraviolet irradiation and carcinogens have been reported to induce epigenetic alterations, which potentially contribute to the development of skin cancer. We aimed to study the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of skin cancers induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-1,3-acetate (TPA). MAIN METHODS Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) followed by next-generation sequencing was utilized to ascertain the DNA methylation profiles in the following common mouse skin cancer models: SKH-1 mice treated with UVB irradiation and CD-1 mice treated with DMBA/TPA. Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis (IPA) software was utilized to analyze the data and to identify gene interactions among the different pathways. KEY FINDINGS 6003 genes in the UVB group and 5424 genes in the DMBA/TPA group exhibited a greater than 2-fold change in CpG methylation as mapped by the IPA software. The top canonical pathways identified by IPA after the two treatments were ranked were pathways related to cancer development, cAMP-mediated signaling, G protein-coupled receptor signaling and PTEN signaling associated with UVB treatment, whereas protein kinase A signaling and xenobiotic metabolism signaling were associated with DMBA/TPA treatment. In addition, the mapped IL-6-related inflammatory pathways displayed alterations in the methylation profiles of inflammation-related genes linked to UVB treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Genes with altered methylation were ranked in the UVB and DMBA/TPA models, and the molecular interaction networks of those genes were identified by the IPA software. The genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of skin cancers induced by UV irradiation or by DMBA/TPA will be useful for future studies on epigenetic gene regulation in skin carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Yuqing Yang
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jong Hun Lee
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA university, Kyunggi, Korea
| | - Limin Shu
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zheng-Yuan Su
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yaoping Lu
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Mou-Tuan Huang
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Christina Ramirez
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Douglas Pung
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Michael Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ronald P Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
García-Fernández RA, Pérez-Martínez C, García-Iglesias MJ. In vivo long-term effects of retinoic acid exposure in utero on induced tumours in adult mouse skin. Vet Dermatol 2014; 25:538-46, e93-4. [PMID: 25041412 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoic acid (RA) and its analogues (retinoids) are promising agents in skin cancer prevention following either topical application or oral administration. However, long-term in vivo effects of RA on chemically induced hyperplastic epidermal foci in adult mouse skin have also been described, casting some doubt with regard to its chemopreventive activity. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To characterize chemically induced skin tumours and to investigate the in vivo long-term action and preventive effect of RA on adult mouse skin carcinogenesis. ANIMALS Fifty-six adult Naval Medical Research Institute mice, exposed (n = 28) or not exposed (n = 28) to RA in utero. METHODS Mice were treated with a standard two-stage skin carcinogenesis protocol, which included an initiating application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene followed by promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. RESULTS Retinoic acid administered to pregnant mice showed a long-term inhibitory action on cell differentiation and development of chemically induced tumours on the adult skin of their offspring, as well as a stimulatory effect on cell proliferation and expression of an early marker of malignant progression (keratin 13). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The results suggest that RA exposure in utero confers long-lasting effects on adult mouse skin carcinogenesis. These include chemopreventive activity (reduced number of tumours), as well as enhancement of squamous papilloma progression, which appears to be due to enhanced keratinocyte proliferation and suppression of epidermal maturation. The clinical significance of these findings is not known for other routes of RA administration at this time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa A García-Fernández
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ma DL, Liu LJ, Leung KH, Chen YT, Zhong HJ, Chan DSH, Wang HMD, Leung CH. Antagonizing STAT3 dimerization with a rhodium(III) complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9178-82. [PMID: 24889897 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Kinetically inert metal complexes have arisen as promising alternatives to existing platinum and ruthenium chemotherapeutics. Reported herein, to our knowledge, is the first example of a substitutionally inert, Group 9 organometallic compound as a direct inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) dimerization. From a series of cyclometalated rhodium(III) and iridium(III) complexes, a rhodium(III) complex emerged as a potent inhibitor of STAT3 that targeted the SH2 domain and inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and dimerization. Significantly, the complex exhibited potent anti-tumor activities in an in vivo mouse xenograft model of melanoma. This study demonstrates that rhodium complexes may be developed as effective STAT3 inhibitors with potent anti-tumor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong (China).
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ma DL, Liu LJ, Leung KH, Chen YT, Zhong HJ, Chan DSH, Wang HMD, Leung CH. Antagonizing STAT3 Dimerization with a Rhodium(III) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
38
|
Xiong A, Yang Z, Shen Y, Zhou J, Shen Q. Transcription Factor STAT3 as a Novel Molecular Target for Cancer Prevention. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:926-57. [PMID: 24743778 PMCID: PMC4074810 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6020926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) are a family of transcription factors that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, immune and inflammatory responses, and angiogenesis. Cumulative evidence has established that STAT3 has a critical role in the development of multiple cancer types. Because it is constitutively activated during disease progression and metastasis in a variety of cancers, STAT3 has promise as a drug target for cancer therapeutics. Recently, STAT3 was found to have an important role in maintaining cancer stem cells in vitro and in mouse tumor models, suggesting STAT3 is integrally involved in tumor initiation, progression and maintenance. STAT3 has been traditionally considered as nontargetable or undruggable, and the lag in developing effective STAT3 inhibitors contributes to the current lack of FDA-approved STAT3 inhibitors. Recent advances in cancer biology and drug discovery efforts have shed light on targeting STAT3 globally and/or specifically for cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize current literature and discuss the potential importance of STAT3 as a novel target for cancer prevention and of STAT3 inhibitors as effective chemopreventive agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ailian Xiong
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Zhengduo Yang
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Yicheng Shen
- College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yuan G, Yan SF, Xue H, Zhang P, Sun JT, Li G. Cucurbitacin I induces protective autophagy in glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:10607-10619. [PMID: 24599950 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.528760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new therapeutic avenues to improve the outcome of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Current studies have suggested that cucurbitacin I, a natural selective inhibitor of JAK2/STAT3, has a potent anticancer effect on a variety of cancer cell types. This study showed that autophagy and apoptosis were induced by cucurbitacin I. Exposure of GBM cells to cucurbitacin I resulted in pronounced apoptotic cell death through activating bcl-2 family proteins. Cells treatment with cucurbitacin I up-regulated Beclin 1 and triggered autophagosome formation and accumulation as well as conversion of LC3I to LC3II. Activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70S6K pathway, but not the PI3K/AKT pathway, occurred in autophagy induced by cucurbitacin I, which was accompanied by decreased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Stable overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α induced by FG-4497 prevented cucurbitacin I-induced autophagy and down-regulation of bcl-2. Knockdown of beclin 1 or treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine also inhibited autophagy induced by cucurbitacin I. A coimmunoprecipitation assay showed that the interaction of Bcl-2 and Beclin 1/hVps34 decreased markedly in cells treated with cucurbitacin I. Furthermore, knockdown of beclin 1 or treatment with the lysosome inhibitor chloroquine sensitized cancer cells to cucurbitacin I-induced apoptosis. Finally, a xenograft model provided additional evidence for the occurrence of cucurbitacin I-induced apoptosis and autophagy in vitro. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cucurbitacin I-mediated GBM cell death and may provide an efficacious therapy for patients harboring GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China; Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Shao-Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Jin-Tang Sun
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China; Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Stat3 binds to mtDNA and regulates mitochondrial gene expression in keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:1971-1980. [PMID: 24496235 PMCID: PMC4057971 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear transcription factor Stat3 has recently been reported to have a localized mitochondrial regulatory function. Current data suggest that mitochondrial Stat3 (mitoStat3) is necessary for maximal mitochondrial activity and for Ras-mediated transformation independent of Stat3 nuclear activity. We have previously shown that Stat3 plays a pivotal role in epithelial carcinogenesis. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to determine the role of mitoStat3 in epidermal keratinocytes. Herein, we show that normal and neoplastic keratinocytes contain a pool of mitoStat3. EGF and TPA induce Stat3 mitochondrial translocation mediated through phosphorylation of Stat3 at Ser727. In addition, we report that mitoStat3 binds mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and associates with the mitochondrial transcription factor TFAM. Furthermore, Stat3 ablation resulted in an increase of mitochondrial encoded gene transcripts. An increase in key nuclear-encoded metabolic genes, PGC-1α and NRF-1, was also observed in Stat3 null keratinocytes, however no changes in nuclear-encoded ETC gene transcripts or mtDNA copy number were observed. Collectively, our findings suggest a heretofore-unreported function for mitoStat3 as a potential mitochondrial transcription factor in keratinocytes. This mitoStat3-mtDNA interaction may represent an alternate signaling pathway that could alter mitochondrial function and biogenesis and play a role in tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
41
|
Resemann HK, Watson CJ, Lloyd-Lewis B. The Stat3 paradox: a killer and an oncogene. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:603-611. [PMID: 23827176 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Stat proteins regulate many aspects of mammary gland development, including the profound changes that occur during pregnancy, lactation and involution. Stat3 induces transcriptional activation of genes involved in the inflammatory response, and in seemingly contradictory cellular events such as apoptosis, differentiation and stem cell maintenance. While Stat3 signalling during mammary gland involution induces epithelial cell death, aberrant Stat3 activation is widely implicated in breast tumourigenesis. Specific cytokines may initiate either a Stat3-driven proliferative or death response depending on the cell-type and cell-context specific availability of particular combinations of signals and receptors. The paradoxical functions of Stat3 may also be due to the degree and extent of activation in different circumstances, in addition to paracrine signalling between mammary epithelial cells and the surrounding microenvironment. Deciphering the enigmatic nature of Stat3 in the mammary gland may benefit future therapeutic strategies for inducing cell death in breast tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrike K Resemann
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Christine J Watson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Bethan Lloyd-Lewis
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bozeman R, Abel EL, Macias E, Cheng T, Beltran L, DiGiovanni J. A novel mechanism of skin tumor promotion involving interferon-gamma (IFNγ)/signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (Stat1) signaling. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:642-53. [PMID: 24464587 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to explore the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1) during tumor promotion using the mouse skin multistage carcinogenesis model. Topical treatment with both 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and 3-methyl-1,8-dihydroxy-9-anthrone (chrysarobin or CHRY) led to rapid phosphorylation of Stat1 on both tyrosine (Y701) and serine (S727) residues in epidermis. CHRY treatment also led to upregulation of unphosphorylated Stat1 (uStat1) at later time points. CHRY treatment also led to upregulation of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) mRNA and protein, which was dependent on Stat1. Further analyses demonstrated that topical treatment with CHRY but not TPA upregulated interferon-gamma (IFNγ) mRNA in the epidermis and that the induction of both IRF-1 and uStat1 was dependent on IFNγ signaling. Stat1 deficient (Stat1(-/-) ) mice were highly resistant to skin tumor promotion by CHRY. In contrast, the tumor response (in terms of both papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas) was similar in Stat1(-/-) mice and wild-type littermates with TPA as the promoter. Maximal induction of both cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in epidermis following treatment with CHRY was also dependent on the presence of functional Stat1. These studies define a novel mechanism associated with skin tumor promotion by the anthrone class of tumor promoters involving upregulation of IFNγ signaling in the epidermis and downstream signaling through activated (phosphorylated) Stat1, IRF-1 and uStat1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Bozeman
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Erika L Abel
- Department of Carcinogenesis, Science Park-Research Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas
| | - Everardo Macias
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Tianyi Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Linda Beltran
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Siveen KS, Sikka S, Surana R, Dai X, Zhang J, Kumar AP, Tan BKH, Sethi G, Bishayee A. Targeting the STAT3 signaling pathway in cancer: role of synthetic and natural inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1845:136-54. [PMID: 24388873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) comprise a family of cytoplasmic transcription factors that mediate intracellular signaling that is usually generated at cell surface receptors and thereby transmit it to the nucleus. Numerous studies have demonstrated constitutive activation of STAT3 in a wide variety of human tumors, including hematological malignancies (leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma) as well as diverse solid tumors (such as head and neck, breast, lung, gastric, hepatocellular, colorectal and prostate cancers). There is strong evidence to suggest that aberrant STAT3 signaling promotes initiation and progression of human cancers by either inhibiting apoptosis or inducing cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Suppression of STAT3 activation results in the induction of apoptosis in tumor cells, and accordingly its pharmacological modulation by tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antisense oligonucleotides, decoy nucleotides, dominant negative proteins, RNA interference and chemopreventive agents have been employed to suppress the proliferation of various human cancer cells in culture and tumorigenicity in vivo. However, the identification and development of novel drugs that can target deregulated STAT3 activation effectively remains an important scientific and clinical challenge. This review presents the evidence for critical roles of STAT3 in oncogenesis and discusses the potential for development of novel cancer therapies based on mechanistic understanding of STAT3 signaling cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sakshi Sikka
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Rohit Surana
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyun Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Benny K H Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, American University of Health Sciences, Signal Hill, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
An abundance of evidence shows supporting roles for tetraspanin proteins in human cancer. Many studies show that the expression of tetraspanins correlates with tumour stage, tumour type and patient outcome. In addition, perturbations of tetraspanins in tumour cell lines can considerably affect cell growth, morphology, invasion, tumour engraftment and metastasis. This Review emphasizes new studies that have used de novo mouse cancer models to show that select tetraspanin proteins have key roles in tumour initiation, promotion and metastasis. This Review also emphasizes how tetraspanin proteins can sometimes participate in tumour angiogenesis. These recent data build an increasingly strong case for tetraspanins as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The American Cancer Society estimates that skin cancer is the most prevalent of all cancers with over 2 million cases of nonmelanoma skin cancer each year and 75,000 melanoma cases in 2012. Representative animal cancer models are important for understanding the underlying molecular pathogenesis of these cancers and the development of novel targeted anticancer therapeutics. In this review, we will discuss some of the important animal models that have been useful to identify important pathways involved in basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Gober
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Multiple molecular mechanisms are involved in the promotion of skin carcinogenesis. Induction of sustained proliferation and epidermal hyperplasia by direct activation of mitotic signaling pathways or indirectly in response to chronic wounding and/or inflammation, or due to a block in terminal differentiation or resistance to apoptosis is necessary to allow clonal expansion of initiated cells with DNA mutations to form skin tumors. The mitotic pathways include activation of epidermal growth factor receptor and Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Chronic inflammation results in inflammatory cell secretion of growth factors and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukins, as well as production of reactive oxygen species, all of which can stimulate proliferation. Persistent activation of these pathways leads to tumor promotion.
Collapse
|
47
|
Tarutani M, Nakajima K, Takaishi M, Ohko K, Sano S. Epidermal hyperplasia induced by Raf-MAPK signaling requires Stat3 activation. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 72:110-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
48
|
Monoallelic loss of tumor suppressor GRIM-19 promotes tumorigenesis in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E4213-22. [PMID: 24145455 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1303760110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene-associated with retinoid-interferon induced mortality-19 (GRIM-19), a STAT3-inhibitory protein, was isolated as a growth-suppressive gene product using a genome-wide expression knockdown screen. We and others have shown a loss of expression and occurrence of mutations in the GRIM-19 gene in a variety of primary human cancers, indicating its potential role as tumor suppressor. To help investigate its role in tumor development in vivo, we generated a genetically modified mouse in which Grim-19 can be conditionally inactivated. Deletion of Grim-19 in the skin significantly increased the susceptibility of mice to chemical carcinogenesis, resulting in development of squamous cell carcinomas. These tumors had high Stat3 activity and an increased expression of Stat3-responsive genes. Loss of Grim-19 also caused mitochondrial electron transport dysfunction resulting from failure to assemble electron transport chain complexes and altered the expression of several cellular genes involved in glycolysis. Surprisingly, the deletion of a single copy of the Grim-19 gene was sufficient to promote carcinogenesis and formation of invasive squamous cell carcinomas. These observations highlight the critical role of GRIM-19 as a tumor suppressor.
Collapse
|
49
|
Sox2 cooperates with inflammation-mediated Stat3 activation in the malignant transformation of foregut basal progenitor cells. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 12:304-15. [PMID: 23472872 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sox2 regulates the self-renewal of multiple types of stem cells. Recent studies suggest it also plays oncogenic roles in the formation of squamous carcinoma in several organs, including the esophagus where Sox2 is predominantly expressed in the basal progenitor cells of the stratified epithelium. Here, we use mouse genetic models to reveal a mechanism by which Sox2 cooperates with microenvironmental signals to malignantly transform epithelial progenitor cells. Conditional overexpression of Sox2 in basal cells expands the progenitor population in both the esophagus and forestomach. Significantly, carcinoma only develops in the forestomach, where pathological progression correlates with inflammation and nuclear localization of Stat3 in progenitor cells. Importantly, co-overexpression of Sox2 and activated Stat3 (Stat3C) also transforms esophageal basal cells but not the differentiated suprabasal cells. These findings indicate that basal stem/progenitor cells are the cells of origin of squamous carcinoma and that cooperation between Sox2 and microenvironment-activated Stat3 is required for Sox2-driven tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
50
|
Rao D, Macias E, Carbajal S, Kiguchi K, DiGiovanni J. Constitutive Stat3 activation alters behavior of hair follicle stem and progenitor cell populations. Mol Carcinog 2013; 54:121-33. [PMID: 24038534 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
STATs play crucial roles in a wide variety of biological functions, including development, proliferation, differentiation and migration as well as in cancer development. In the present study, we examined the impact of constitutive activation of Stat3 on behavior of keratinocytes, including keratinocyte stem cells (KSC) in vivo. BK5.Stat3C transgenic (Tg) mice, which express a constitutively active form of Stat3 (Stat3C) in the basal layer of the epidermis and in the bulge region KSCs exhibited a significantly reduced number of CD34+/α6 integrin+ cells compared to non-transgenic (NTg) littermates. There was a concomitant increase in the Lgr-6, Lrig-1, and Sca-1 populations in the Tg mice in contrast to the CD34 and Keratin-15 positive population. In addition, increased expression of c-myc, β-catenin, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes as well as decreased expression of α6-integrin was observed in the hair follicles of Tg mice. Notably, Sca-1 was found to be a direct transcriptional target of Stat3 in keratinocytes. The current data suggest that elevated Stat3 activity leads to depletion of hair follicle KSCs along with a concomitant increase of stem/progenitor cells above the bulge region. Overall, the current data indicate that Stat3 plays an important role in keratinocyte stem/progenitor cell homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dharanija Rao
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Smithville, Texas
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|