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Guo L, Deng J, He Y, Deng X, Huang J, Huang G, Gao X, Zhang WH, Lu C. Alcohol use and alcohol-related problems among adolescents in China: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4533. [PMID: 27661013 PMCID: PMC5044883 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol misuse among adolescents is a common issue worldwide and is an emerging problem in China. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of alcohol drinking and alcohol-related problems among Chinese adolescents and to explore their risk factors and connections.A cross-sectional study using an anonymous questionnaire was conducted among junior and senior high school students between 2010 and 2012. Data on self-reported alcohol use, alcohol-related problems, school factors, family factors, and psychosocial factors were collected. Descriptive analyses were made of the proportions of sociodemographics, family, school, and psychosocial factors. Multilevel logistic regression models were conducted to analyze the risk factors for alcohol drinking and alcohol-related problems.Of the 105,752 students who ranged in age from 9 to 21 years, the prevalence of current drinking among students was 7.3%, and 13.2% students reported having alcohol-related problems. Male students were 1.78 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.69-1.87) times more likely to be involved in current drinking and 1.86 (95% CI = 1.79-1.93) times more likely to have alcohol-related problems. Higher grade level students were at a higher risk of current drinking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.05-1.13) and having alcohol-related problems (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.42-1.58). Older students were more likely to report current drinking (AOR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.04-1.17) and having alcohol-related problems (AOR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.82-1.85). Having poor classmate relations (AOR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.03-1.37), having poor relationships with teachers (AOR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.00-1.16), and below average academic achievement (AOR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.41-1.59) were positively associated with current drinking. Moreover, students with suicidal ideation were at a higher risk of current drinking (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.61-1.81) and having alcohol-related problems (AOR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.98-2.16). Having higher Center for Epidemiology Scale for Depression scores was positively associated with current drinking (AOR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.05-1.11) and having alcohol-related problems (AOR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.06-1.18).Alcohol drinking and alcohol-related problems among Chinese adolescents are major public health problems, and effective preventive programs will require full consideration of the individual, social, and environmental factors that facilitate and prevent alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research Centre, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
| | - Jianxiong Deng
- Center for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Xueqing Deng
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Jinghui Huang
- Center for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Huang
- Center for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Wei-Hong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research Centre, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
- Correspondence: Prof Wei-Hong Zhang, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research Centre, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme—CP591, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium (e-mail: ); Prof Lu Ciyong, Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhonshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China (e-mail: )
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University
- Correspondence: Prof Wei-Hong Zhang, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research Centre, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme—CP591, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium (e-mail: ); Prof Lu Ciyong, Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhonshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China (e-mail: )
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Tsering D, Pal R, Dasgupta A. Licit and illicit substance use by adolescent students in eastern India: Prevalence and associated risk factors. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2010; 1:76-81. [PMID: 21808508 PMCID: PMC3139354 DOI: 10.4103/0976-3147.71721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of tobacco, alcohol, and other substances is a worldwide problem and affects many adolescents. OBJECTIVE (1) To find out the magnitude of licit and illicit substance use among students; and (2) to find out the association between socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the students and habits of use. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a population-based cross-sectional study conducted during June 2003 to May 2004. In a multistage random sampling among all the districts and schools in West Bengal, India, 416 high school students from two schools were selected. The main outcome measures were substance use, namely, tobacco, alcohol, and cannabinoids. From the schools, all the students in the classes VIII, IX, and X were taken as the study population and were administered a pretested close-ended anonymous self-administered questionnaire relating to pattern, frequency, and correlates of substance use. RESULTS The ultimate response rate was 87.02% and 416 students could be covered in our study. The overall prevalence rates among rural and urban students were 6.14% and 0.6% for illicit drug use, 8.60% and 11.04% for tobacco, and 7.37% and 5.23% for alcohol consumption, respectively. Both licit and illicit substance use was associated more with male students. Current and regular use were mostly restricted to tobacco, and the use of a substance by family members had a significant impact on its use by their children. "Enjoyment" and "Curiosity" were found to have the major influence in their decision to use a substance. CONCLUSIONS Early identification of the magnitude and the factors related to substance use can improve scopes for planning and preventive approaches for this vulnerable group before the problems get serious after which interventions become difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechenla Tsering
- Department of Community Medicine, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences and Central Referral Hospital, 5 Mile Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim – 737 102, India
| | - Ranabir Pal
- Department of Community Medicine, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences and Central Referral Hospital, 5 Mile Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim – 737 102, India
| | - Aparajita Dasgupta
- Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, 110 Chittaranjan Avenue, Kolkata, India
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Tsering D, Pal R, Dasgupta A. Substance use among adolescent high school students in India: A survey of knowledge, attitude, and opinion. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2010; 2:137-40. [PMID: 21814448 PMCID: PMC3147098 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.67005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Is knowledge regarding the consequences of substance use among adolescents enough to prevent them from initiating and continuing its use, is a question that needs to be clarified further? OBJECTIVE To assess the knowledge regarding harm of use and to obtain information about attitudes among high school students. Also, to discover the opinion of substance use held by users. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a population based cross-sectional study conducted in two high schools of West Bengal, India, among 416 students, in classes VIII, IX, and X, with no interventions. Primary outcome measurements were substance use: knowledge regarding harm, attitude, and opinion. Following this proportions and the chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Out of 416 students, 52 (12.5%) used or abused any one of the substances irrespective of time and frequency in lifetime; 26 (15.1 %) were among the urban students and 26 (10.7 %) were among their rural counterparts. More than two-thirds (73.07%) of the respondents expressed a desire to quit substance use and 57.69% had tried to stop. 'Easy availability' and 'relief from tension' were the most frequent reasons for continuation of substance use. Level of knowledge on harmfulness of substance use among students was very high (urban - -84.6% and rural - 61.5%) and they stated media as the most frequent source of information. Users were successful in influencing their peers into taking up this habit (urban - 15.4% and rural - 26.9%). CONCLUSIONS Inspite of being aware of the harmful effects of substance use, adolescents take up this habit. This requires comprehensive prevention and control programs in schools and the community, targeted toward adolescents and their parents and other family members. Effective measures are required to encourage shaping the attitude of school children toward self-confidence and adequacy, as also to prevent risk behavior among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechenla Tsering
- Department of Community Medicine, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences (SMIMS) and Central Referral Hospital (CRH), 5th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim-737102, India
| | - Ranabir Pal
- Department of Community Medicine, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences (SMIMS) and Central Referral Hospital (CRH), 5th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim-737102, India
| | - Aparajita Dasgupta
- Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Chittaranjan Avenue, Kolkata - 73, India
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Chen WJ, Fu TC, Ting TT, Huang WL, Tang GM, Hsiao CK, Chen CY. Use of ecstasy and other psychoactive substances among school-attending adolescents in Taiwan: national surveys 2004-2006. BMC Public Health 2009; 9:27. [PMID: 19159468 PMCID: PMC2636802 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the backdrop of a global ecstasy epidemic, this study sought to examine the trend, correlates, and onset sequence of ecstasy use among adolescents in Taiwan, where a well-established gateway drug such as marijuana is much less popular. Methods A multistage probability survey of school-attending adolescents in grades 7, 9, 10, and 12, aged 11–19 years, was conducted in 2004, 2005, and 2006. A self-administered anonymous questionnaire elicited response rates ranging from 94.3% to 96.6%. The sample sizes were 18232 respondents in 2004, 17986 in 2005, and 17864 in 2006. Results In terms of lifetime prevalence and incidence, ecstasy and ketamine by and large appeared as the first and second commonly used illegal drugs, respectively, among middle (grades 7 and 9) and high school students (grades 10 and 12) during the 3-year survey period; however, this order was reversed in the middle school-aged students starting in 2006. Having sexual experience, tobacco use, and betel nut use were factors consistently associated with the onset of ecstasy use across years. The majority of ecstasy users had been involved in polydrug use, such as the use of ketamine (41.4%–53.5%), marijuana (12.7%–18.7%), and methamphetamine (4.2%–9.5%). Conclusion From 2004 to 2006, a decline was noted in the prevalence and incidence rate of ecstasy, a leading illegal drug used by school-attending adolescents in Taiwan since the early 2000s. The emerging ketamine use trend may warrant more attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei J Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Abstract
AIMS To assess the impact of family and peers on both initiation and continuation of substance use among eighth, ninth and tenth grade adolescent high school students. DESIGN Population based cross-sectional study. SETTING Two high schools of West Bengal, India. PARTICIPANTS 416 students in class VIII, IX, and X in two schools. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS SUBSTANCE USE: initiation, sources, reasons for continuation. Then proportions and chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a population based cross sectional study conducted among 416 students from class VII, IX and X in two high schools( urban and rural) of West Bengal, India selected by Multistage random sampling. A self administered anonymous pretested close ended questionnaire was used with the main outcome measures of initiation, sources, reasons for continuation of substance use based on WHO study team questionnaire. RESULTS Prevalence of substance use was found to be higher among the urban students (15.1%) than their rural counterparts (10.7%). The proportion of users was higher in the higher grades as compared to the lower grades. Among urban as well as rural students, 16 years and above were significantly more likely than their counterparts aged 15 years and below to report lifetime use. The mean age of initiation ranged from 12.6 to 13.9 years. Family members and friends were found to have a considerable influence not only on initiation but also important sources for money as well as the substance. Easy availability in the neighborhood was also an important correlate to continuation of substances. CONCLUSIONS Family environment as well as peer groups has an important bearing on initiation and continuation of substance use. Experimentation of substance use motivated by peer groups is common among adolescents and starts early in life. Hence, it is necessary to provide health promotion programs directed toward students and their families which encourage attitude shaping among school children towards self-confidence and adequacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechenla Tsering
- Department of Community Medicine, Sikkim-Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, 5 Mile Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim-737 102, India
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Wen CP, Tsai SP, Cheng TY, Hsu CC, Chen T, Lin HS. Role of parents and peers in influencing the smoking status of high school students in Taiwan. Tob Control 2005; 14 Suppl 1:i10-5. [PMID: 15923441 PMCID: PMC1766185 DOI: 10.1136/tc.2003.005637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess parental influence on smoking behaviour by high school students in an Asian culture and to compare the relative importance of parental and peer influence. METHODS A 5% nationally representative sample, including 44 976 high school students in 10th to 12th grade (aged 15-18 years) in Taiwan, were surveyed in 1995. Each completed a long self administered questionnaire. Parental influence was measured by examining both parental behaviour (smoking status) and attitudes (perceived "tender loving care" (TLC) by adolescents). Changes in smoking status were used to determine peer influence, defined as the increase in the likelihood of smoking from grade 10 to 12 in a steady state environment. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for parental and peer influence, using logistic regression. RESULTS Adolescents of smoking parents with low TLC had the highest smoking rates and those of non-smoking parents with high TLC had the lowest. The difference was more than twofold in boys and more than fourfold in girls. When either parental smoking status or TLC alone was considered, parental influence was similar to peer influence in boys, but larger than peer influence in girls. However, when smoking status and TLC were considered jointly, it became larger than peer influence for both groups (OR 2.8 v 1.8 for boys and OR 3.9 v 1.3 for girls). CONCLUSION When parental influence is taken as parental behaviour and attitude together, it plays a more important role than peer influence in smoking among high school students in Taiwan. This study, characterising such relationships among Asian populations for the first time, implies that future prevention programmes should direct more efforts toward the parental smoking and parent-child relationships, and not aim exclusively at adolescents in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Wen
- Division of Health Policy Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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O'Brien S, Sinclair H, Soni S, O'Dowd T, Thomas D. Trends in alcohol consumption in undergraduate third level students: 1992-1999. Ir J Med Sci 2001; 170:224-7. [PMID: 11918324 DOI: 10.1007/bf03167782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption has increased in the Irish population in recent years. It is not known to what extent the student population has been affected by this increase. AIM To determine levels of alcohol consumption among undergraduates in one Irish university and identify changes in drinking patterns in the years 1992-1999. METHODS Information on alcohol use was obtained by anonymous self-completed questionnaire in a stratified random cross-faculty sample of undergraduates in 1992 and 1999. The CAGE questionnaire to determine problem drinking was included in both surveys. RESULTS A statistically significant (p=0.01) drop in weekly alcohol consumption by males was found, although the proportion of male problem drinkers increased. Consumption for females remained the same. CONCLUSIONS Findings are contrary to recent figures for drinking patterns in young Irish people in general. The fall in alcohol consumption in male students may be linked to improved male insight into the negative effects of alcohol or to the substitution of cheaper available substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O'Brien
- Department of Community Health and General Practice, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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