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Yang A, Zhu D, Zhang W, Shao Y, Shi Y, Liu X, Lu Z, Zhu YG, Wang H, Fu S. Canopy nitrogen deposition enhances soil ecosystem multifunctionality in a temperate forest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17250. [PMID: 38500362 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition affects ecosystem functions crucial to human health and well-being. However, the consequences of this scenario for soil ecosystem multifunctionality (SMF) in forests are poorly understood. Here, we conducted a long-term field experiment in a temperate forest in China, where N deposition was simulated by adding N above and under the canopies. We discover that canopy N addition promotes SMF expression, whereas understory N addition suppresses it. SMF was regulated by fungal diversity in canopy N addition treatments, which is largely due to the strong resistance to soil acidification and efficient resource utilization characteristics of fungi. While in understory N addition treatments, SMF is regulated by bacterial diversity, which is mainly because of the strong resilience to disturbances and fast turnover of bacteria. Furthermore, rare microbial taxa may play a more important role in the maintenance of the SMF. This study provides the first evidence that N deposition enhanced SMF in temperate forests and enriches the knowledge on enhanced N deposition affecting forest ecosystems. Given the divergent results from two N addition approaches, an innovative perspective of canopy N addition on soil microbial diversity-multifunctionality relationships is crucial to policy-making for the conservation of soil microbial diversity and sustainable ecosystem management under enhanced N deposition. In future research, the consideration of canopy N processes is essential for more realistic assessments of the effects of atmospheric N deposition in forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Dabieshan National Field Observation & Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Xinyang, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Weixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Dabieshan National Field Observation & Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Xinyang, China
| | - Yuanhu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Dabieshan National Field Observation & Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Xinyang, China
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziluo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Dabieshan National Field Observation & Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Xinyang, China
| | - Shenglei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Dabieshan National Field Observation & Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Xinyang, China
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Tian Y, Zhou P, Zhou L, Zhang L, Lin Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Hui D, Ren H, Lu H. Multi-ecosystem services differently affected by over-canopy and understory nitrogen additions in a typical subtropical forest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17192. [PMID: 38369693 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Obtaining a holistic understanding of the impacts of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on multiple ecosystem services of forest is essential for developing comprehensive and sustainable strategies, particularly in heavy N deposition regions such as subtropical China. However, such impacts remain incompletely understood, with most previous studies focus on individual ecosystem function or service via understory N addition experiments. To address this knowledge gap, we quantified the effects of over-canopy and understory N additions on multiple ecosystem services based on a 7-year large-scale field experiment in a typical subtropical forest. Our results showed continued over-canopy N addition with 50 kg ha-1 year-1 over a period of 4-7 years significantly increased plant nutrient retention, but did not affect the services of soil nutrient accumulation, water yield, C sequestration (in plants and soil), or oxygen release. There were trade-offs between the soil and plant on providing the services of nutrient accumulation/retention and C sequestration under over-canopy N addition. However, without uptake and retention of tree canopy, the trade-off between soil and plant were more weaken under the understory N addition with 50 kg ha-1 year-1 , and their relationships were even synergetic under the understory N addition with 25 kg ha-1 year-1 . The results suggest that understory N addition cannot accurately simulate the effects of atmospheric N deposition on multiple services, along with mutual relationships. Interestingly, the services of plant N, P retention, and C sequestration exhibited a synergetic increase under the over-canopy N addition but a decrease under the understory N addition. Our results also found tree layer plays a primary role in providing plant nutrient retention service and is sensitive to atmospheric N deposition. Further studies are needed to investigate the generalized effects of forest canopy processes on alleviating the threaten of global change factors in different forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Forestry Survey and Planning Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Guangzhou Collaborative Innovation Center on Science-Tech of Ecology and Landscape, Guangzhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Urban Ecosystem, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Zhou
- Forestry Comprehensive Affairs Center of Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongbiao Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjia Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hai Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongfang Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang X, Li B, Peñuelas J, Sardans J, Cheng D, Yu H, Zhong Q. Resource-acquisitive species have greater plasticity in leaf functional traits than resource-conservative species in response to nitrogen addition in subtropical China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166177. [PMID: 37572896 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The evergreen broad-leaf forest is subtropical zonal vegetation in China, and its species diversity and stability are crucial for maintaining forest ecosystem functions. The region is generally affected by global changes such as high levels of nitrogen deposition. Therefore, it is critical to determine the adaptation strategies of subtropical dominant species under nitrogen addition. Here, we conducted two-year field experiments with nitrogen addition levels as 0 kg N ha-1 yr-1 (CK), 50 kg N ha-1 yr-1 (LN) and 100 kg N ha-1 yr-1 (HN). We investigated the effects of nitrogen addition on leaf functional traits (including nutrition, structural and physiological characteristics) of five dominant species in subtropical evergreen broad-leaf forest. Results suggested that the effect of nitrogen addition on leaf functional traits was species-specific. Contrary to Rhododendron delavayi and Eurya muricata, Quercus glauca, Schima superba and Castanopsis eyrei all responded more to the HN treatment than LN treatment. Compared to other leaf functional traits, leaf anatomical structure traits had the highest average plasticity (0.246), and the relative effect of leaf photosynthetic property was highest (7.785) under N addition. Among the five species, S. superba was highest in terms of the index of plasticity for leaf functional traits under nitrogen addition, followed by Q. glauca, E. muricata, C. eyrei and R. delavayi. The major leaf functional traits representing the economic spectrum of leaves (LES) showed resource acquisitive strategy (high SLA, LNC, LPC, Pn) and conservative strategy (high LTD, LDMC, C/N) clustering on the opposite ends of the PCA axis. The PCA analysis indicated that species with high leaf plasticity adopt resource acquisitive strategy (S. superba and Q. glauca), whereas species with low leaf plasticity adopt resource conservative strategy (E. muricata, C. eyrei and R. delavayi). In aggregate, resource-acquisitive species benefit from nitrogen addition more than resource-conservative species, suggesting that S. superba and Q. glauca will occupy the dominant position in community succession under persistently elevated nitrogen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China; College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China
| | - Baoyin Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China; College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province funded), Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Dongliang Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China; College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province funded), Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Ocean College, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China
| | - Quanlin Zhong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China; College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province funded), Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China.
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Liu N, Liu F, Sun Z, Wang Z, Yang L. Nitrogen addition changes the canopy biological characteristics of dominant tree species in an evergreen broad-leaved forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:165914. [PMID: 37524183 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have focused on the impact of nitrogen deposition on plants, but due to technical limitations, research on the responses of forest canopy to manipulated nitrogen deposition is relatively scarce. Based on a canopy nitrogen addition (CN) platform, this study used laboratory analysis and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) observations to assess the impact of CN on the canopy traits of dominant tree species (Engelhardia roxburghiana, Schima superba, and Castanea henryi) in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in China. The results showed that nitrogen application at 25 kg N ha-1 y-1 (CN25) and 50 kg N ha-1 y-1 (CN50) significantly increased the actual net photosynthetic rate (An) of all the three tree species. CN25 significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activities in C. henryi. CN50 significantly increased the leaf area of all the three tree species and significantly reduced the leaf thickness of C. henryi, and significantly increased the POD and Rubisco activities in S. superba and C. henryi. CN significantly changed the number of forest gaps, but did not significantly change the area of forest gaps within the sample plots. CN25 significantly decreased the vertical projection area but increased the canopy flowering coverage of S. superba in dominant directions. CN25 and CN50 significantly increased the flowering coverage of C. henryi in favorable directions. It is found that under long-term (10-year) nitrogen addition, the balance between carbon fixation and antioxidant defense functions of E. roxburghiana may be broken down, but the carbon assimilation, antioxidant capacity and reproduction potential of S. superba and C. henryi may be well coordinated, which will have a potential impact on the species composition and ecological functions of the evergreen broad-leaved forest. This study may also provide scientific basis for forest management in the context of enhanced atmospheric nitrogen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China; College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, 341000 Ganzhou, China.
| | - Fangyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyu Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510070 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510070 Guangzhou, China
| | - Long Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510070 Guangzhou, China
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Liu N, Feng Y, Wei L, Liu F. Responses of plant carbon and nitrogen assimilations to nitrogen addition in a subtropical forest: Canopy addition vs. understory addition. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115545. [PMID: 37806128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The global atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has intensified in recent years, resulting in a complex impact on forest ecosystems. This study investigated the effects of canopy (CAN) and understory additions of N (UAN) on leaf carbon (C) and N assimilations, as well as growth parameters of representative woody plant species in an evergreen broad-leaved forest, i.e. Castanea henryi, Schefflera heptaphylla, Blastus cochinchinensis, and Lasianthus chinensis. The results showed that leaf N assimilation key enzyme nitrate reductase (NR) activities of B. cochinchinensis and S. heptaphylla were significantly decreased by UAN, and were significantly decreased by CAN for C. henryi. CAN significantly decreased the nitrite reductase activity of C. henryi, while significantly increased that of L. chinensis. However, the Amax values of each woody species were not significantly different among control (CK), CAN, and UAN. Community surveys demonstrated that CAN and UAN inhibited the growth (diameter at breast height, height, or crown width) of the representative large tree, C. henryi, while promoting the growths of understory woody species (B. cochinchinensis and L. chinensis). Overall, N addition was found to change the physiological processes of N and C metabolisms of the dominant woody species in an evergreen broad-leaved forest. The community of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests may further decline and its C fixation capacity may be detrimentally changed under N deposition in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China; College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, 341000 Ganzhou, China.
| | - Yarong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Liping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
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Wang L, Wu S, Liu X, Liu N. The carbon and nitrogen metabolisms of Ardisia quinquegona were altered in different degrees by canopy and understory nitrogen addition in a subtropical forest. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:57653-57666. [PMID: 36971945 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Although effects of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on forest plants have been widely investigated, N interception and absorption effects by forest canopy should not be neglected. Moreover, how N deposition change the molecular biological process of understory dominant plants, which was easily influenced by canopy interception so as to further change physiological performance, remains poorly understood. To assess the effects of N deposition on forest plants, we investigated the effects of understory (UAN) and canopy N addition (CAN) on the transcriptome and physiological properties of Ardisia quinquegona, a dominant subtropical understory plant species in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in China. We identified a total of 7394 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Three of these genes were found to be co-upregulated in CAN as compared to control (CK) after 3 and 6 h of N addition treatment, while 133 and 3 genes were respectively found to be co-upregulated and co-downregulated in UAN as compared to CK. In addition, highly expressed genes including GP1 (a gene involved in cell wall biosynthesis) and STP9 (sugar transport protein 9) were detected in CAN, which led to elevated photosynthetic capacity and accumulation of protein and amino acid as well as decrease in glucose, sucrose, and starch contents. On the other hand, genes associated with transport, carbon and N metabolism, redox response, protein phosphorylation, cell integrity, and epigenetic regulation mechanism were affected by UAN, resulting in enhanced photosynthetic capacity and carbohydrates and accumulation of protein and amino acid. In conclusion, our results showed that the CAN compared to UAN treatment had less effects on gene regulation and carbon and N metabolism. Canopy interception of N should be considered through CAN treatment to simulate N deposition in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Shuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuncheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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Li W, Wang C, Liu H, Wang W, Sun R, Li M, Shi Y, Zhu D, Du W, Ma L, Fu S. Fine root biomass and morphology in a temperate forest are influenced more by canopy water addition than by canopy nitrogen addition. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1132248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionIncreasing atmospheric N deposition and changes in precipitation patterns could profoundly impact forest community structure and ecosystem functions. However, most N and water (W) addition experiments have focused on direct N application to leaf litter or soil, neglecting canopy processes such as leaf evaporation and absorption.MethodsIn this study, we aimed to assess the effects of atmospheric N deposition and increased precipitation on the fine root biomass and morphology of plants in a temperate deciduous forest. To achieve this, we applied N and W above the forest canopy and quantified the seasonal dynamics (January, July, and October) of fine root biomass and morphology.ResultsOur results revealed that only canopy W addition significantly increased the biomass of fine roots in January compared to that in other seasons (p < 0.05). We observed no significant interaction effect of N and W on fine root biomass. However, we found that the different growth seasons had a significant impact on the fine root biomass (p < 0.001). The combined application of N and W significantly affected the root tip density (p = 0.002). Although canopy N addition was significantly positively correlated with available soil N (p < 0.05), we detected no significant association with fine root biomass or morphology.DiscussionThe findings of this study indicated that fine root biomass and morphology, are affected to a greater extent by the provision of W than by N application. These findings provide a new perspective and a more precise understanding of the effects of the actual N deposition and precipitation on the dynamics of plant fine roots in forest ecosystems.
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Tian Y, Wang J, Zhou L, Tao L, Lin Y, Hui D, Ren H, Lu H. Nitrogen budgets of a lower subtropical forest as affected by 6 years of over-canopy and understory nitrogen additions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158546. [PMID: 36067860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although tropical and subtropical regions have replaced temperate regions as the global-change hotspots for increased atmosphere nitrogen (N) deposition, whether the regional forests reach N saturation is still unclear. Understory or floor N addition has been commonly used in N-deposition studies, but the results of such studies have recently been challenged because they fail to account for canopy interception, assimilation, and leaching processes. Here, we conducted a field experiment to quantify the effects of over-canopy and understory N addition on N budgets in a lower subtropical monsoon evergreen broadleaved (LSMEB) forest. We found that the LSMEB forest was not N saturated after receiving additional N at 25 and 50 kg ha-1 yr-1 for 6 years. Plants were able to absorb the added N by increasing the N concentrations in their organs, with 120-412 % increasing trend of plant N pools under N-addition treatments. Canopy absorption of N resulting from over-canopy N addition led to increases in N concentrations in tree organs but not to increases in tree biomass. Understory N addition could underestimate the effects of N deposition in forests due to neglecting canopy N interception and canopy effects on N redistribution. Additional experiments using over-canopy N addition are needed to assess the true effects of N deposition on different forest ecosystems in different climate zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tian
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Jun Wang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lang Zhou
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Forestry Comprehensive Affairs Center of Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510540, China
| | - Libin Tao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yongbiao Lin
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Hai Ren
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Hongfang Lu
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China.
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Ji L, Wei L, Zhang L, Li Y, Tian Y, Liu K, Ren H. Effects of Simulated Nitrogen Deposition and Micro-Environment on the Functional Traits of Two Rare and Endangered Fern Species in a Subtropical Forest. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3320. [PMID: 36501359 PMCID: PMC9740810 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although the effects of N deposition on forest plants have been widely reported, few studies have focused on rare and endangered fern species (REFs). Information is also lacking on the effects of micro-environments on REFs. We investigated the effects of N addition (canopy and understory N addition, CAN, and UAN) and micro-environments (soil and canopy conditions) on the functional traits (growth, defense, and reproduction; 19 traits in total) of two REFs-Alsophila podophylla and Cibotium baromet-in a subtropical forest in South China. We found that, compared to controls, CAN or UAN decreased the growth traits (e.g., plant height, H) of C. baromet, increased its defense traits (e.g., leaf organic acid concentrations, OA), delayed its reproductive event (all-spore release date), and prolonged its reproductive duration. In contrast, A. podophylla showed increased growth traits (e.g., H), decreased defense traits (e.g., OA), and advanced reproductive events (e.g., the all-spore emergence date) under CAN or UAN. Meanwhile, the negative effects on the C. baromet growth traits and A. podophylla defense traits were stronger for CAN than for UAN. In addition, the soil chemical properties always explained more of the variations in the growth and reproductive traits of the two REFs than the N addition. Our study indicates that, under simulated N deposition, C. baromet increases its investment in defense, whereas A. podophylla increases its investment in growth and reproduction; this may cause an increasing A. podophylla population and decreasing C. baromet population in subtropical forests. Our study also highlights the importance of considering micro-environments and the N-addition approach when predicting N deposition impact on subtropical forest REFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Ji
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liping Wei
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yuanqiu Li
- Shimentai National Natural Reserve, Yingde 513000, China
| | - Yang Tian
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ke Liu
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai Ren
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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10
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Jiang X, Song M, Qiao Y, Liu M, Ma L, Fu S. Long-term water use efficiency and non-structural carbohydrates of dominant tree species in response to nitrogen and water additions in a warm temperate forest. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1025162. [PMID: 36420022 PMCID: PMC9676439 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1025162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition tends to accompany precipitation in temperate forests, and vegetation productivity is mostly controlled by water and N availability. Many studies showed that tree species response to precipitation or N deposition alone influences, while the N deposition and precipitation interactive effects on the traits of tree physiology, especially in non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) and long-term water use efficiency (WUE), are still unclear. In this study, we measured carbon stable isotope (δ13C), total soluble sugar and starch content, total phenols, and other physiological traits (e.g., leaf C:N:P stoichiometry, lignin, and cellulose content) of two dominant tree species (Quercus variabilis Blume and Liquidambar formosana Hance) under canopy-simulated N deposition and precipitation addition to analyze the changes of long-term WUE and NSC contents and to explain the response strategies of dominant trees to abiotic environmental changes. This study showed that N deposition decreased the root NSC concentrations of L. formosana and the leaf lignin content of Q. variabilis. The increased precipitation showed a negative effect on specific leaf area (SLA) and a positive effect on leaf WUE of Q. variabilis, while it increased the leaf C and N content and decreased the leaf cellulose content of L. formosana. The nitrogen-water interaction reduced the leaf lignin and total phenol content of Q. variabilis and decreased the leaf total phenol content of L. formosana, but it increased the leaf C and N content of L. formosana. Moreover, the response of L. formosana to the nitrogen-water interaction was greater than that of Q. variabilis, highlighting the differences between the two dominant tree species. The results showed that N deposition and precipitation obviously affected the tree growth strategies by affecting the NSC contents and long-term WUE. Canopy-simulated N deposition and precipitation provide a new insight into the effect of the nitrogen-water interaction on tree growth traits in a temperate forest ecosystem, enabling a better prediction of the response of dominant tree species to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengya Song
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yaqi Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengzhou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shenglei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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11
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Yang Y, Chen X, Liu L, Li T, Dou Y, Qiao J, Wang Y, An S, Chang SX. Nitrogen fertilization weakens the linkage between soil carbon and microbial diversity: A global meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6446-6461. [PMID: 35971768 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbes make up a significant portion of the genetic diversity and play a critical role in belowground carbon (C) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Soil microbial diversity and organic C are often tightly coupled in C cycling processes; however, this coupling can be weakened or broken by rapid global change. A global meta-analysis was performed with 1148 paired comparisons extracted from 229 articles published between January 1998 and December 2021 to determine how nitrogen (N) fertilization affects the relationship between soil C content and microbial diversity in terrestrial ecosystems. We found that N fertilization decreased soil bacterial (-11%) and fungal diversity (-17%), but increased soil organic C (SOC) (+19%), microbial biomass C (MBC) (+17%), and dissolved organic C (DOC) (+25%) across different ecosystems. Organic N (urea) fertilization had a greater effect on SOC, MBC, DOC, and bacterial and fungal diversity than inorganic N fertilization. Most importantly, soil microbial diversity decreased with increasing SOC, MBC, and DOC, and the absolute values of the correlation coefficients decreased with increasing N fertilization rate and duration, suggesting that N fertilization weakened the linkage between soil C and microbial diversity. The weakened linkage might negatively impact essential ecosystem services under high rates of N fertilization; this understanding is important for mitigating the negative impact of global N enrichment on soil C cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, China
- National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinli Chen
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Liangxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Guangzhou Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxing Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiangbo Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yunqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, China
- National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaoshan An
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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12
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Liu S, Behm JE, Meng Y, Zhang W, Xia S, Yang X, Fu S. Nitrogen addition enhances the bottom-up effects in the detrital food web. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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13
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Wu G, Chen D, Zhou Z, Ye Q, Wu J. Canopy nitrogen addition enhance the photosynthetic rate of canopy species by improving leaf hydraulic conductivity in a subtropical forest. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:942851. [PMID: 35991414 PMCID: PMC9389171 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.942851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the effects of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on the photosynthetic capacity of plants is critical to understand forest growth and conservation under global change. However, studies on this topic generally consider only understory N addition, which ignores the effect of canopy interception. In this study, we conducted a field experiment in a subtropical forest to compare the effects of canopy vs. understory N addition on the photosynthetic rate of canopy and understory species. We found that canopy N addition enhanced the photosynthetic rate of canopy species by increasing leaf hydraulic conductivity and shortening the distance of CO2 transportation. In contrast, understory N addition had non-significant effects on the photosynthetic rate of canopy species. Moreover, the photosynthetic rate of understory species was not affected by canopy or understory N addition. Interestingly, changes in hydraulic conductivity contributed more to accelerating the photosynthetic rate than changes in CO2 transport distance. Our results provide important insights into the dissimilar effects of canopy and understory N addition on the photosynthetic rates of species in subtropical forests. Based on our findings, we highlighted the urgent need to consider canopy processes in future studies on N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Wu
- Hainan Jianfengling Forest Ecosystem National Field Science Observation and Research Station, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dexiang Chen
- Hainan Jianfengling Forest Ecosystem National Field Science Observation and Research Station, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Zhou
- Hainan Jianfengling Forest Ecosystem National Field Science Observation and Research Station, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Hainan Jianfengling Forest Ecosystem National Field Science Observation and Research Station, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Different-Sized Vessels of Quercus variabilis Blume Respond Diversely to Six-Year Canopy and Understory N Addition in a Warm-Temperate Transitional Zone. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13071075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen is a necessary macroelement in plant growth and is usually considered a limiting factor in many forest ecosystems. Increasing N deposition has been reported to affect tree growth. However, the effects still remain controversial due to variable N fertilization methods used. In order to study the realistic responses of tree growth to increasing N deposition, we investigated effects of canopy and understory N addition on tree-ring growth and vessel traits of Quercus variabilis Blume. Since 2013, 50 kg N ha−1 year was applied monthly from April to December to either the canopy (CN) or understory (UN) of trees in a warm-temperate forest in Central China. During 2013–2018, tree-ring growth and vessel-related traits (mean vessel area, theoretical xylem hydraulic conductivity (KH), relative ratio of KH, etc.) were analyzed. Tree rings were negatively impacted by both CN and UN treatments, but only the effect of UN was significant. Neither CN nor UN significantly impacted the detected vessel traits. However, some diverging influencing trends were still showed in some vessel traits. Both CN and UN treatments positively affected the percentage of annual total vessel area and vessel density, with the effect of UN on vessel density being more severe. All the detected vessel traits of the large vessels formed at the beginning of the tree-ring responded positively to CN, whereas the opposite response to UN was showed on mean vessel area and the relative ratio of KH. All these diverging responses in different vessel traits likely reflected the compensation and trade-off between maximizing growth and adapting to CN and UN treatments. Six-year long N addition negatively and positively affected tree-ring growth and vessel traits of Q. variabilis in Central China, respectively. UN treatment could not fully simulate the real effect on tree growth, especially on the hydraulic architecture.
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15
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Liu Y, Tan X, Fu S, Shen W. Canopy and Understory Nitrogen Addition Alters Organic Soil Bacterial Communities but Not Fungal Communities in a Temperate Forest. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:888121. [PMID: 35756006 PMCID: PMC9226683 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.888121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is known to alter soil microbial communities, but how canopy and understory N addition affects soil bacterial and fungal communities in different soil layers remains poorly understood. Conducting a 6-year canopy and understory N addition experiment in a temperate forest, we showed that soil bacterial and fungal communities in the organic layer exhibited different responses to N addition. The main effect of N addition decreased soil bacterial diversity and altered bacterial community composition in the organic layer, but not changed fungal diversity and community composition in all layers. Soil pH was the main factor that regulated the responses of soil bacterial diversity and community composition to N addition, whereas soil fungal diversity and community composition were mainly controlled by soil moisture and nutrient availability. In addition, compared with canopy N addition, the understory N addition had stronger effects on soil bacterial Shannon diversity and community composition but had a weaker effect on soil bacteria richness in the organic soil layer. Our study demonstrates that the bacterial communities in the organic soil layer were more sensitive than the fungal communities to canopy and understory N addition, and the conventional method of understory N addition might have skewed the effects of natural atmospheric N deposition on soil bacterial communities. This further emphasizes the importance of considering canopy processes in future N addition studies and simultaneously evaluating soil bacterial and fungal communities in response to global environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Ecological Conservation and Restoration Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangping Tan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenglei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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16
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Yu B, Rossi S, Liang H, Guo X, Ma Q, Zhang S, Kang J, Zhao P, Zhang W, Ju Y, Huang JG. Effects of nitrogen addition and increased precipitation on xylem growth of Quercus acutissima Caruth. in central China. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:754-770. [PMID: 35029689 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and increasing precipitation affect carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems, but how these two concurrent global change variables affect xylem growth in trees (i.e., independently or interactively) remains unclear. We conducted novel experiments in central China to monitor the xylem growth in a dominant species (Quercus acutissima Caruth.) in response to N addition (CN), supplemental precipitation (CW) or both treatments (CNW), compared with untreated controls (C). Measurements were made at weekly intervals during 2014-15. We found that supplemental precipitation significantly enhanced xylem growth in the dry spring of 2015, indicating a time-varying effect of increased precipitation on intra-annual xylem growth. Elevated N had no significant effect on xylem increment, xylem growth rate, and lumen diameters and potential hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of earlywood vessels, but Ks with elevated N was significantly negatively related to xylem increment. The combination of additional N and supplemental precipitation suppressed the positive effect of supplemental precipitation on xylem increment in the dry spring of 2015. These findings indicated that xylem width was more responsive to supplemental precipitation than to increasing N in a dry early growing season; the positive effect of supplemental precipitation on xylem growth could be offset by elevated N resources. The negative interactive effect of N addition and supplemental precipitation also suggested that increasing N deposition and precipitation in the future might potentially affect carbon sequestration of Q. acutissima during the early growing season in central China. The effects of N addition and supplemental precipitation on tree growth are complex and might vary depending on the growth period and local climatic conditions. Therefore, future models of tree growth need to consider multiple-time scales and local climatic conditions when simulating and projecting global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Hanxue Liang
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiali Guo
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Shaokang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jian Kang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yuxi Ju
- Jigongshan National Natural Reserve, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Jian-Guo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Ferraretto D, Nair R, Shah NW, Reay D, Mencuccini M, Spencer M, Heal KV. Forest canopy nitrogen uptake can supply entire foliar demand. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Ferraretto
- School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Crew Building Edinburgh EH9 3FF UK
| | - R. Nair
- Department Biogeochemical Integration Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena Germany
| | - N. W. Shah
- Forest Research Northern Research Station Roslin Midlothian EH25 9SY UK
| | - D. Reay
- School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Crew Building Edinburgh EH9 3FF UK
| | - M. Mencuccini
- CREAF Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) 08193 Spain
- ICREA Pg. Lluís Companys 23 Barcelona 08010 Spain
| | - M. Spencer
- School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Crew Building Edinburgh EH9 3FF UK
| | - K. V. Heal
- School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Crew Building Edinburgh EH9 3FF UK
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18
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Wang J, Hui D, Ren H, Liu N, Sun Z, Yang L, Lu H. Short-term canopy and understory nitrogen addition differ in their effects on seedlings of dominant woody species in a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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19
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Impacts of Canopy and Understory Nitrogen Additions on Stomatal Conductance and Carbon Assimilation of Dominant Tree Species in a Temperate Broadleaved Deciduous Forest. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Mori T, Wang S, Zhou K, Mo J, Zhang W. Ratios of phosphatase activity to activities of carbon and nitrogen-acquiring enzymes in throughfall were larger in tropical forests than a temperate forest. TROPICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3759/tropics.ms21-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Mori
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Senhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Kaijun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jiangming Mo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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21
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Li X, Zhang C, Zhang B, Wu D, Shi Y, Zhang W, Ye Q, Yan J, Fu J, Fang C, Ha D, Fu S. Canopy and understory nitrogen addition have different effects on fine root dynamics in a temperate forest: implications for soil carbon storage. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1377-1386. [PMID: 33993502 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the effects of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on fine root dynamics and the potential underlying mechanisms is required to understand the changes in belowground and aboveground carbon storage. However, research on these effects in forests has mostly involved direct understory addition of N and has ignored canopy interception and processing of N. Here, we conducted a field experiment comparing the effects of canopy addition of N (CAN) with those of understory addition of N (UAN) at three N-addition rates (0, 25 and 50 kg N ha-1 yr-1 ) on fine root dynamics in a temperate deciduous forest. Fine root production and biomass were significantly higher with CAN than with UAN. At the same N-addition rate, increases in fine root production with CAN were at least two-fold greater than with UAN. At the high N-addition rate and relative to the control, fine root biomass was significantly increased by CAN (by 23.5%) but was significantly decreased by UAN (by 12.2%). Our results indicate that traditional UAN may underestimate the responses of fine root dynamics to atmospheric N deposition in forest ecosystems. Canopy N processes should be considered for more realistic assessments of the effects of atmospheric N deposition in forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Chenlu Zhang
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yifei Shi
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Junhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Juemin Fu
- Jigongshan National Nature Reserve, Xinyang, 464039, China
| | | | - Denglong Ha
- Jigongshan National Nature Reserve, Xinyang, 464039, China
| | - Shenglei Fu
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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22
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Zhang T, Liang X, Ye Q, BassiriRad H, Liu H, He P, Wu G, Lu X, Mo J, Cai X, Rao X, Yan J, Fu S. Leaf hydraulic acclimation to nitrogen addition of two dominant tree species in a subtropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:145415. [PMID: 33736159 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant hydraulic traits have been shown to be sensitive to changes in nitrogen (N) availability in short-term studies largely using seedlings or saplings. The extent and the magnitude of N-sensitivity of the field grown mature trees in long-term experiments, however, are relatively unknown. Here, we investigated responses of leaf water relations and morphological and anatomical traits of two dominant tree species (Castanopsis chinensis and Schima superba) to a six-year canopy N addition in a subtropical forest. We found that N addition increased leaf hydraulic conductivity in both species along with higher transpiration rate and less negative water potential at 50% loss of leaf hydraulic conductivity and at leaf turgor loss point. Examination of leaf morphological and anatomical traits revealed that increased leaf hydraulic efficiency was at least in part due to increased vessel diameter which also compromised the hydraulic safety under increased water stress. Moreover, reduced vessel reinforcement and increased thickness shrinkage index further interpreted the increases in leaf hydraulic vulnerability under N addition. Our results demonstrated that N deposition may lead to increases of plant water loss to the atmosphere as well as tree vulnerability to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xingyun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Haibin Road 1119, Nansha, Guangzhou 511458, China.
| | - Hormoz BassiriRad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago 60607, IL, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Pengcheng He
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guilin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiankai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jiangming Mo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xi'an Cai
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xingquan Rao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Junhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Shenglei Fu
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
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23
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Borruso L, Bani A, Pioli S, Ventura M, Panzacchi P, Antonielli L, Giammarchi F, Polo A, Tonon G, Brusetti L. Do Aerial Nitrogen Depositions Affect Fungal and Bacterial Communities of Oak Leaves? Front Microbiol 2021; 12:633535. [PMID: 33935994 PMCID: PMC8085328 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.633535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The amount of nitrogen (N) deposition onto forests has globally increased and is expected to double by 2050, mostly because of fertilizer production and fossil fuel burning. Several studies have already investigated the effects of N depositions in forest soils, highlighting negative consequences on plant biodiversity and the associated biota. Nevertheless, the impact of N aerial inputs deposited directly on the tree canopy is still unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the influence of increased N deposition on the leaf-associated fungal and bacterial communities in a temperate forest dominated by Sessile oak [Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.]. The study area was located in the Monticolo forest (South Tyrol, Italy), where an ecosystem experiment simulating an increased N deposition has been established. The results highlighted that N deposition affected the fungal beta-diversity and bacterial alpha-diversity without affecting leaf total N and C contents. We found several indicator genera of both fertilized and natural conditions within bacteria and fungi, suggesting a highly specific response to altered N inputs. Moreover, we found an increase of symbiotrophic fungi in N-treated, samples which are commonly represented by lichen-forming mycobionts. Overall, our results indicated that N-deposition, by increasing the level of bioavailable nutrients in leaves, could directly influence the bacterial and fungal community diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigimaria Borruso
- Department of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alessia Bani
- Department of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex Colchester Campus, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Pioli
- Department of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ventura
- Department of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Pietro Panzacchi
- Department of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Livio Antonielli
- Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francesco Giammarchi
- Department of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Andrea Polo
- Department of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giustino Tonon
- Department of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brusetti
- Department of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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24
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Li X, Zhang C, Zhang B, Wu D, Zhu D, Zhang W, Ye Q, Yan J, Fu J, Fang C, Ha D, Fu S. Nitrogen deposition and increased precipitation interact to affect fine root production and biomass in a temperate forest: Implications for carbon cycling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:144497. [PMID: 33418324 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fine roots connect belowground and aboveground systems and help regulate the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems by providing nutrients and water for plants. To evaluate the effects of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and increased precipitation on fine root production and standing biomass in a temperate deciduous forest in central China, we conducted a 6-year experiment. From 2013 to 2018, we applied N (25 kg N ha-1 yr-1) and water (336 mm, 30% of the ambient annual precipitation) above the forest canopy, and we quantified fine root production and biomass in 2017 and 2018. At 0-10 cm soil depth, the statistical interaction between addition of N and water was not significant in terms of fine root production or biomass. At 0-10 cm soil depth, N addition significantly increased fine root production by 18.1%, but did not affect fine root biomass. Water addition significantly increased fine root production and biomass by 13.6 and 17.0%, respectively. Both N and water addition had significant direct positive effects on fine root production, and water addition had indirect positive effects on fine root biomass through decreasing soil NO3- concentration. At 10-30 cm soil depth, the statistical interaction between N addition and water addition was significant in terms of both fine root production and biomass, i.e., the positive effect of N addition was reduced by water addition, and vice versa. These findings indicate that fine roots and therefore belowground carbon storage may have complex responses to increases in atmospheric N deposition and changes in precipitation predicted for the future. The findings also suggest that results obtained from experiments that consider only one independent variable (e.g., N input or water input) and only one soil depth should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Chenlu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Junhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Juemin Fu
- Jigongshan National Nature Reserve, Xinyang 464039, China
| | | | - Denglong Ha
- Jigongshan National Nature Reserve, Xinyang 464039, China
| | - Shenglei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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25
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Wang X, Wang B, Wang C, Wang Z, Li J, Jia Z, Yang S, Li P, Wu Y, Pan S, Liu L. Canopy processing of N deposition increases short-term leaf N uptake and photosynthesis, but not long-term N retention for aspen seedlings. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2601-2610. [PMID: 33112419 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forest canopies can retain nitrogen (N) from atmospheric deposition. However, most empirical and modeling studies do not consider the processing of the N deposited in the canopy. To assess whether N deposition through canopy will alter the plant's N uptake and retention, we conducted a 3-yr mesocosm experiment by applying (15 NH4 )2 SO4 solution to aspen sapling canopies or directly to the soil. We found that 15 N-NH4+ applied to the canopy was directly taken up by leaves. Compared with the soil N application, the canopy N application resulted in higher photosynthesis but lower N retention of the plant-soil system in the first growing season. Plant biomass, N concentration, and leaf N resorption were not significantly different between the canopy and soil N applications. The partitioning of retained 15 N among plant components and soil layers was similar between the two treatments 3 yr after the N application. Our findings indicated that the canopy N processing could alter leaf N supply and photosynthesis in the short term but not N retention in the long term. Under natural conditions, the chronic N deposition could continuously refill the canopy N pool, causing a sustained increase in canopy carbon uptake. Canopy N processing needs to be considered for accurately predicting the impact of N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhou Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuntao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shengnan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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26
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Exploring the Influence of Biological Traits and Environmental Drivers on Water Use Variations across Contrasting Forests. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding species-specific water use patterns across contrasting sites and how sensitivity of responses to environmental variables changes for different species is critical for evaluating potential forest dynamics and land use changes under global change. To quantify water use patterns and the sensitivity of tree transpiration to environmental drivers among sites and species, sap flow and meteorological data sets from three contrasting climatic zones were combined and compared in this analysis. Agathis australis from NZHP site, Schima wallichii Choisy (native) and Acacia mangium Willd (exotic) from CHS site, Liquidamber formosana Hance, Quercus variabilis Blume and Quercus acutissima Carruth from CJGS site were the dominant trees chosen as our study species. Biological traits were collected to explain the underlying physiological mechanisms for water use variation. Results showed that the strongest environmental drivers of sap flow were photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and temperature across sites, indicating that the response of water use to abiotic drivers converged across sites. Water use magnitude was site specific, which was controlled by site characteristics, species composition and local weather conditions. The species with higher sap flow density (Fd) generally had greater stomatal conductance. Native deciduous broadleaved species had a higher Fd and faster response to stomatal regulation than that of native evergreen broadleaved species (S. wallichii) and conifer species A. australis. The analysis also showed that exotic species (A. mangium) consumed more water than native species (S. wallichii). Trees with diffuse porous and lower wood density had relatively higher Fd for angiosperms, suggesting that water use was regulated by physiological differences. Water use characteristics across sites are controlled by both external factors such as site-specific characteristics (local environmental conditions and species composition) and internal factors such as biological traits (xylem anatomy, root biomass and leaf area), which highlights the complexity of quantifying land water budgets for areas covered by different species.
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27
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Khan A, Sun J, Zarif N, Khan K, Jamil MA, Yang L, Clothier B, Rewald B. Effects of Increased N Deposition on Leaf Functional Traits of Four Contrasting Tree Species in Northeast China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1231. [PMID: 32962033 PMCID: PMC7570078 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Northeast China is persistently affected by heavy nitrogen (N) deposition. Studying the induced variation in leaf traits is pivotal to develop an understanding of the adaptive plasticity of affected species. This study thus assesses effects of increased N deposition on leaf morphological and anatomical traits and their correlation among and with biomass allocation patterns. A factorial experiment was conducted utilizing seedlings of two gymnosperms (Larix gmelinii, Pinus koraiensis) and two angiosperms (Fraxinus mandshurica, Tilia amurensis). Leaf mass per area and leaf density decreased and leaf thickness increased under high N deposition but trait interrelations remained stable. In gymnosperms, leaf mass per area was correlated to both leaf thickness and area, while being correlated to leaf density only in angiosperms. Epidermis, mesophyll thickness, conduit and vascular bundle diameter increased. Despite the differences in taxonomic groups and leaf habits, the common patterns of variation suggest that a certain degree of convergence exists between the species' reaction towards N deposition. However, stomata pore length increased in angiosperms, and decreased in gymnosperms under N deposition. Furthermore, biomass and leaf mass fraction were correlated to leaf traits in gymnosperms only, suggesting a differential coordination of leaf traits and biomass allocation patterns under high N deposition per taxonomic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attaullah Khan
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang, Harbin 150040, China; (A.K.); (J.S.); (N.Z.); (K.K.); (M.A.J.)
| | - Jingjue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang, Harbin 150040, China; (A.K.); (J.S.); (N.Z.); (K.K.); (M.A.J.)
| | - Nowsherwan Zarif
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang, Harbin 150040, China; (A.K.); (J.S.); (N.Z.); (K.K.); (M.A.J.)
- Pakistan Forest Institute Peshawar (PFI), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Khan
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang, Harbin 150040, China; (A.K.); (J.S.); (N.Z.); (K.K.); (M.A.J.)
| | - Muhammad Atif Jamil
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang, Harbin 150040, China; (A.K.); (J.S.); (N.Z.); (K.K.); (M.A.J.)
| | - Lixue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang, Harbin 150040, China; (A.K.); (J.S.); (N.Z.); (K.K.); (M.A.J.)
| | - Brent Clothier
- Sustainable Production, New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand;
| | - Boris Rewald
- Forest Ecology, Department for Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
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28
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Analysis of the Spatial Differences in Canopy Height Models from UAV LiDAR and Photogrammetry. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12182884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Forest canopy height is one of the most important spatial characteristics for forest resource inventories and forest ecosystem modeling. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) can be used to accurately detect canopy surface and terrain information from the backscattering signals of laser pulses, while photogrammetry tends to accurately depict the canopy surface envelope. The spatial differences between the canopy surfaces estimated by LiDAR and photogrammetry have not been investigated in depth. Thus, this study aims to assess LiDAR and photogrammetry point clouds and analyze the spatial differences in canopy heights. The study site is located in the Jigongshan National Nature Reserve of Henan Province, Central China. Six data sets, including one LiDAR data set and five photogrammetry data sets captured from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), were used to estimate the forest canopy heights. Three spatial distribution descriptors, namely, the effective cell ratio (ECR), point cloud homogeneity (PCH) and point cloud redundancy (PCR), were developed to assess the LiDAR and photogrammetry point clouds in the grid. The ordinary neighbor (ON) and constrained neighbor (CN) interpolation algorithms were used to fill void cells in digital surface models (DSMs) and canopy height models (CHMs). The CN algorithm could be used to distinguish small and large holes in the CHMs. The optimal spatial resolution was analyzed according to the ECR changes of DSMs or CHMs resulting from the CN algorithms. Large negative and positive variations were observed between the LiDAR and photogrammetry canopy heights. The stratified mean difference in canopy heights increased gradually from negative to positive when the canopy heights were greater than 3 m, which means that photogrammetry tends to overestimate low canopy heights and underestimate high canopy heights. The CN interpolation algorithm achieved smaller relative root mean square errors than the ON interpolation algorithm. This article provides an operational method for the spatial assessment of point clouds and suggests that the variations between LiDAR and photogrammetry CHMs should be considered when modeling forest parameters.
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29
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Liu Y, Tan X, Wang Y, Guo Z, He D, Fu S, Wan S, Ye Q, Zhang W, Liu W, Shen W. Responses of litter, organic and mineral soil enzyme kinetics to 6 years of canopy and understory nitrogen additions in a temperate forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:136383. [PMID: 31931193 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition could profoundly impact soil carbon, N and phosphorus cycling that are often regulated by extracellular enzymes. The potential activities of enzymes in response to N deposition have been studied extensively, but the kinetic mechanisms in response to canopy and understory N additions in different soil layers are poorly understood. Here, we conducted a six-year-long field manipulation experiment in a temperate deciduous forest to reveal the kinetic characteristics of seven extracellular hydrolytic enzymes in the litter, organic and mineral soil layers in response to canopy and understory N additions. Canopy N addition and understory N addition exerted similar effects on the kinetics parameters (Vmax and Km) of most enzymes under study. The kinetics parameters of most enzymes generally increased in the litter layer but decreased in the organic layer and had little change in the mineral soil layer in response to N addition. In addition, the changed kinetic parameters were mainly correlated with moisture in the litter layer, with pH, substrate properties (TC, TN, DOC and DON) and microbial communities (G+, G-, total bacterial and fungal biomass) in the organic and mineral soil layers. These findings indicate that enzyme kinetics responses to N deposition differ in soil layers with varying determinant factors, and therefore are driven by various physical, chemical and microbial mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiangping Tan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yaya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhiming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Dan He
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Shenglei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shiqiang Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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30
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Zhu J, Chen Z, Wang Q, Xu L, He N, Jia Y, Zhang Q, Yu G. Potential transition in the effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113739. [PMID: 31874437 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition in China may increase due to urbanization and economic growth. Current research has considered the ecological significance under the assumption of increasing N deposition. Atmospheric N deposition tending toward levelling or declining has been observed in China. Such potential recovery and responses of high N loads ecosystems under decreasing atmospheric N deposition scenarios have yet to be adequately investigated. This work reviews existing literature to consider possible responses of carbon (C) sequestration, biodiversity and species composition, soil acidification, and greenhouse emissions in ecosystems responding to recent patterns of N deposition. Potential effects of N composition and internal ratios may be further explored through state-of-the-art N addition experiments and model development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qiufeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Niangpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yanlong Jia
- Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Qiongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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Tree Growth and Water-Use Efficiency Do Not React in the Short Term to Artificially Increased Nitrogen Deposition. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f11010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and nitrogen deposition are, among the global change related drivers, those playing a major role on forests carbon sequestration potential, affecting both their productivity and water-use efficiency. Up to now, results are however contrasting, showing that the processes underlying them are far from being fully comprehended. In this study, we adopted an innovative approach to simulate the increase of N deposition in a sessile oak forest in North-Eastern Italy, by fertilizing both from above and below the canopy. We observed the dynamics of basal area increment, intrinsic water-use efficiency and of several leaf functional traits over 4 years, to evaluate how the added nitrogen and the two different fertilization system could affect them. We were not able, however, to detect any shift, besides a common yearly variability related to a prevailing background environmental forcing. To this end, we considered as relevant factors both the short time-span of the observation and the relatively low rate of applied nitrogen. Therefore, we stress the importance of long-term, manipulative experiments to improve the understanding of the C sequestration and mitigation ability of forests in response to increased N deposition.
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Zheng M, Chen H, Li D, Luo Y, Mo J. Substrate stoichiometry determines nitrogen fixation throughout succession in southern Chinese forests. Ecol Lett 2019; 23:336-347. [PMID: 31802606 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The traditional view holds that biological nitrogen (N) fixation often peaks in early- or mid-successional ecosystems and declines throughout succession based on the hypothesis that soil N richness and/or phosphorus (P) depletion become disadvantageous to N fixers. This view, however, fails to support the observation that N fixers can remain active in many old-growth forests despite the presence of N-rich and/or P-limiting soils. Here, we found unexpected increases in N fixation rates in the soil, forest floor, and moss throughout three successional forests and along six age-gradient forests in southern China. We further found that the variation in N fixation was controlled by substrate carbon(C) : N and C : (N : P) stoichiometry rather than by substrate N or P. Our findings highlight the utility of ecological stoichiometry in illuminating the mechanisms that couple forest succession and N cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianhai Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.,Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Dejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Jiangming Mo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.,Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
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Zhu L, Hu Y, Zhao X, Zhao P, Ouyang L, Ni G, Liu N. Specific responses of sap flux and leaf functional traits to simulated canopy and understory nitrogen additions in a deciduous broadleaf forest. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:986-993. [PMID: 31280758 DOI: 10.1071/fp18277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on water use characteristics and leaf traits of trees, we performed canopy (C50) and understory (U50) N additions as NH4NO3 of 50 kg N ha-1 year-1 in a deciduous broadleaf forest of central China. We measured xylem sap flux, crown area:sapwood area ratio (Ca:As), specific leaf area (SLA), mass-based leaf nitrogen content (Nmass) and leaf carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) of Liquidambar formosana Hance, Quercus acutissima Carruth. and Quercus variabilis Blume. Functional traits under different N addition treatments and their responses among tree species were compared and the relationship between xylem sap flux and leaf functional traits under N additions were explored. Results showed that under U50 sap-flux density of xylem significantly decreased for three tree species. But the effect of C50 on sap flux was species-specific. The decrease of sap-flux density with N additions might be caused by the increased Ca/As. δ13C remained constant among different N addition treatments. The responses of SLA and Nmass to N additions were species- and N addition approaches-specific. The correlation of xylem sap flux with leaf traits was not found. Our findings indicate that the effects of canopy N addition on xylem sap flux and leaf functional traits were species-specific and it is necessary to employ canopy N addition for exploring the real responses of forest ecosystems to climate changes in the future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yanting Hu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; and Corresponding author.
| | - Lei Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guangyan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Effects of Understory Shrub Biomass on Variation of Soil Respiration in a Temperate-Subtropical Transitional Oak Forest. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of the temporal and spatial variations of soil respiration is an essential step in modeling soil carbon (C) emission associated with the spatial distribution of plants. To examine the temporal and spatial variations of soil respiration and its driving factors, we investigated soil respiration, microclimate, and understory vegetation in a 50 m × 70 m plot in a climatic transitional zone oak forest in Central China. The temporal variation of soil respiration based on the 21 measurements ranged from 15.01% to 30.21% across the 48 subplots. Structural equation modeling showed that soil temperature and understory shrub biomass had greater positive effects on the seasonal variability of soil respiration. The spatial variation of soil respiration of the 48 subplots varied from 3.61% to 6.99% during the 21 measurement campaigns. Understory shrub biomass and belowground fine root biomass positively regulated the spatial variation of soil respiration. Soil respiration displayed strong spatial autocorrelation, with an average spatial correlation length of 20.1 m. The findings highlight the importance of understory shrub and belowground biomass in regulating the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of soil respiration in forest ecosystems, and the need to carefully address it to robustly estimate the contribution of soil C emission in terrestrial C cycling.
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Hu Y, Zhao P, Zhu L, Zhao X, Ni G, Ouyang L, Schäfer KVR, Shen W. Responses of sap flux and intrinsic water use efficiency to canopy and understory nitrogen addition in a temperate broadleaved deciduous forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:325-336. [PMID: 30121032 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition could profoundly impact structure and functioning of forest ecosystems. Therefore, we conducted a two-year (2014-2015) experiment to assess the responses of tree sap flux density (Js) and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) of dominant tree species (Liquidambar formosana, Quercus acutissima and Quercus variabilis) to increased N deposition at a manipulative experiment with canopy and understory N addition in a deciduous broadleaved forest. Five treatments were administered including N addition of 25 kg ha-1 year-1 and 50 kg ha-1 year-1 onto canopy (C25 and C50) and understory (U25 and U50), and control treatment (CK, without N addition). Our results showed neither canopy nor understory N addition had an impact on leaf N content and C:N ratio (P > 0.05). Due to the distinct influencing ways, canopy and understory N addition generated different impacts on Js and WUEi of the dominant tree species. Canopy N addition increased WUEi of Q. variabilis, whereas understory addition treatment had a minimal impact on WUEi. Both N additions did not exert impacts on WUEi of L. formosana and Q. acutissima. Canopy N addition exerted negative impacts on Js and its sensitivity to micrometeorological factors of Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis in 2014, while understory addition showed no effect. Neither canopy nor understory N addition had an influence on Js of L. formosana in 2014. Probably owing to the increased soil acidification as the experiment proceeded, Js of L. formosana and Q. variabilis was decreased by understory N addition while canopy addition had a minimal effect in 2015. Thus, the traditional understory addition approach could not fully reflect the effects of increased N deposition on the canopy-associated transpiration process indicated by the different responses of Js and WUEi to canopy and understory N addition, and exaggerated its influences induced by the variation of soil chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Hu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Liwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guangyan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lei Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Karina V R Schäfer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, 195 University Avenue, Newark 07102, NJ, USA; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 195 University Avenue, Newark 07102, NJ, USA
| | - Weijun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Negative effects of canopy N addition on soil organic carbon in wet season are primarily detected in uppermost soils of a subtropical forest. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Zheng M, Zhang W, Luo Y, Wan S, Fu S, Wang S, Liu N, Ye Q, Yan J, Zou B, Fang C, Ju Y, Ha D, Zhu L, Mo J. The Inhibitory Effects of Nitrogen Deposition on Asymbiotic Nitrogen Fixation are Divergent Between a Tropical and a Temperate Forest. Ecosystems 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-018-0313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tian D, Du E, Jiang L, Ma S, Zeng W, Zou A, Feng C, Xu L, Xing A, Wang W, Zheng C, Ji C, Shen H, Fang J. Responses of forest ecosystems to increasing N deposition in China: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:75-86. [PMID: 30172126 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
China has been experiencing a rapid increase in nitrogen (N) deposition due to intensified anthropogenic N emissions since the late 1970s. By synthesizing experimental and observational data taken from literature, we reviewed the responses of China's forests to increasing N deposition over time, with a focus on soil biogeochemical properties and acidification, plant nutrient stoichiometry, understory biodiversity, forest growth, and carbon (C) sequestration. Nitrogen deposition generally increased soil N availability and soil N leaching and decreased soil pH in China's forests. Consequently, microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N were both decreased, especially in subtropical forests. Nitrogen deposition increased the leaf N concentration and phosphorus resorption efficiency, which might induce nutrient imbalances in the forest ecosystems. Although experimental N addition might not affect plant species richness in the overstorey, it did significantly alter species composition of understory plants. Increased N stimulated tree growth in temperate forests, but this effect was weak in subtropical and tropical forests. Soil respiration in temperate forests was non-linearly responsive to N additions, with an increase at dosages of <60 kg N ha-1 yr-1 and a decrease at dosages of >60 kg N ha-1 yr-1. However, it was consistently decreased by increased N inputs in subtropical and tropical forests. In light of future trends in the composition (e.g., reduced N vs. oxidized N) and the loads of N deposition in China, further research on the effects of N deposition on forest ecosystems will have critical implications for the management strategies of China's forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China; Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Enzai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Suhui Ma
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenjing Zeng
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Anlong Zou
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chanying Feng
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Longchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Aijun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chengyang Zheng
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chengjun Ji
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Liu N, Wu S, Guo Q, Wang J, Cao C, Wang J. Leaf nitrogen assimilation and partitioning differ among subtropical forest plants in response to canopy addition of nitrogen treatments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:1026-1034. [PMID: 29801198 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Global increases in nitrogen deposition may alter forest structure and function by interfering with plant nitrogen metabolism (e.g., assimilation and partitioning) and subsequent carbon assimilation, but it is unclear how these responses to nitrogen deposition differ among species. In this study, we conducted a 2-year experiment to investigate the effects of canopy addition of nitrogen (CAN) on leaf nitrogen assimilation and partitioning in three subtropical forest plants (Castanea henryi, Ardisia quinquegona, and Blastus cochinchinensis). We hypothesized that responses of leaf nitrogen assimilation and partitioning to CAN differ among subtropical forest plants. CAN increased leaf nitrate reductase (NR) activity, and leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll contents but reduced leaf maximum photosynthetic rate (Amax), photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) activity, and metabolic protein content of an overstory tree species C. henryi. In an understory tree A. quinquegona, CAN increased NR activity and glutamine synthetase activity and therefore increased metabolic protein synthesis (e.g., Rubisco) in leaves. In the shrub B. cochinchinensis, CAN increased Amax, PNUE, Rubisco content, metabolic protein content, and Rubisco activity in leaves. Leaf nitrogen assimilation and partitioning results indicated that A. quinquegona and B. cochinchinensis may better acclimate to CAN than C. henryi and that the acclimation mechanism differs among the species. Results from this study suggest that long-term elevated atmospheric nitrogen deposition has contributed to the ongoing transformation of subtropical forests into communities dominated by small trees and shrubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Shuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinfeng Guo
- USDA FS, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ce Cao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Liu N, Wang J, Guo Q, Wu S, Rao X, Cai X, Lin Z. Alterations in leaf nitrogen metabolism indicated the structural changes of subtropical forest by canopy addition of nitrogen. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 160:134-143. [PMID: 29800880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Globally, nitrogen deposition increment has caused forest structural changes due to imbalanced plant nitrogen metabolism and subsequent carbon assimilation. Here, a 2 consecutive-year experiment was conducted to reveal the effects of canopy addition of nitrogen (CAN) on nitrogen absorption, assimilation, and allocation in leaves of three subtropical forest woody species (Castanea henryi, Ardisia quinquegona, and Blastus cochinchinensis). We hypothesized that CAN altered leaf nitrogen absorption, assimilation and partitioning of different plants in different ways in subtropical forest. It shows that CAN increased maximum photosynthetic rate (Amax), photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE), and metabolic protein content of the two understory species A. quinquegona and B. cochinchinensis. By contrary, for the overstory species, C. henryi, Amax, PNUE, and metabolic protein content were significantly reduced in response to CAN. We found that changes in leaf nitrogen metabolism were mainly due to the differences in enzyme (e.g. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase and glutamine synthetase) activities under CAN treatment. Our results indicated that C. henryi may be more susceptible to CAN treatment, and both A. quinquegona and B. cochinchinensis could better adapt to CAN treatment but in different ways. Our findings may partially explain the ongoing degradation of subtropical forest into a community dominated by small trees and shrubs in recent decades. It is possible that persistent high levels of atmospheric nitrogen deposition will lead to the steady replacement of dominant woody species in this subtropical forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinfeng Guo
- USDA FS, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Shuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingquan Rao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xi'an Cai
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhifang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Hu M, Liu Y, Sun Z, Zhang K, Liu Y, Miao R, Wan S. Fire rather than nitrogen addition affects understory plant communities in the short term in a coniferous-broadleaf mixed forest. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:8135-8148. [PMID: 30250690 PMCID: PMC6144994 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing fire risk and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition have the potential to alter plant community structure and composition, with consequent impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. This study was conducted to examine short-term responses of understory plant community to burning and N addition in a coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest of the subtropical-temperate transition zone in Central China. The experiment used a pair-nested design, with four treatments (control, burning, N addition, and burning plus N addition) and five replicates. Species richness, cover, and density of woody and herbaceous plants were monitored for 3 years after a low-severity fire in the spring of 2014. Burning, but not N addition, significantly stimulated the cover (+15.2%, absolute change) and density (+62.8%) of woody species as well as herb richness (+1.2 species/m2, absolute change), cover (+25.5%, absolute change), and density (+602.4%) across the seven sampling dates from June 2014 to October 2016. Light availability, soil temperature, and prefire community composition could be primarily responsible for the understory community recovery after the low-severity fire. The observations suggest that light availability and soil temperature are more important than nutrients in structuring understory plant community in the mixed forest of the subtropical-temperate transition zone in Central China. Legacy woody and herb species dominated the understory vegetation over the 3 years after fire, indicating strong resistance and resilience of forest understory plant community and biodiversity to abrupt environmental perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Hu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change EcologySchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Yanchun Liu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change EcologySchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change EcologySchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Kesheng Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change EcologySchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
- Luoyang Institute of Science and TechnologyLuoyangHenanChina
| | - Yinzhan Liu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change EcologySchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Renhui Miao
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change EcologySchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
| | - Shiqiang Wan
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change EcologySchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
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Gentilesca T, Rita A, Brunetti M, Giammarchi F, Leonardi S, Magnani F, van Noije T, Tonon G, Borghetti M. Nitrogen deposition outweighs climatic variability in driving annual growth rate of canopy beech trees: Evidence from long-term growth reconstruction across a geographic gradient. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:2898-2912. [PMID: 29569794 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of climatic variability and atmospheric nitrogen deposition in driving long-term tree growth in canopy beech trees along a geographic gradient in the montane belt of the Italian peninsula, from the Alps to the southern Apennines. We sampled dominant trees at different developmental stages (from young to mature tree cohorts, with tree ages spanning from 35 to 160 years) and used stem analysis to infer historic reconstruction of tree volume and dominant height. Annual growth volume (GV ) and height (GH ) variability were related to annual variability in model simulated atmospheric nitrogen deposition and site-specific climatic variables, (i.e. mean annual temperature, total annual precipitation, mean growing period temperature, total growing period precipitation, and standard precipitation evapotranspiration index) and atmospheric CO2 concentration, including tree cambial age among growth predictors. Generalized additive models (GAM), linear mixed-effects models (LMM), and Bayesian regression models (BRM) were independently employed to assess explanatory variables. The main results from our study were as follows: (i) tree age was the main explanatory variable for long-term growth variability; (ii) GAM, LMM, and BRM results consistently indicated climatic variables and CO2 effects on GV and GH were weak, therefore evidence of recent climatic variability influence on beech annual growth rates was limited in the montane belt of the Italian peninsula; (iii) instead, significant positive nitrogen deposition (Ndep ) effects were repeatedly observed in GV and GH ; the positive effects of Ndep on canopy height growth rates, which tended to level off at Ndep values greater than approximately 1.0 g m-2 y-1 , were interpreted as positive impacts on forest stand above-ground net productivity at the selected study sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Gentilesca
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Angelo Rita
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Michele Brunetti
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Magnani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Twan van Noije
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), AE De Bilt, The Netherlands
| | - Giustino Tonon
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Marco Borghetti
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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Shi L, Zhang H, Liu T, Mao P, Zhang W, Shao Y, Fu S. An increase in precipitation exacerbates negative effects of nitrogen deposition on soil cations and soil microbial communities in a temperate forest. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:293-301. [PMID: 29294455 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
World soils are subjected to a number of anthropogenic global change factors. Although many previous studies contributed to understand how single global change factors affect soil properties, there have been few studies aimed at understanding how two naturally co-occurring global change drivers, nitrogen (N) deposition and increased precipitation, affect critical soil properties. In addition, most atmospheric N deposition and precipitation increase studies have been simulated by directly adding N solution or water to the forest floor, and thus largely neglect some key canopy processes in natural conditions. These previous studies, therefore, may not realistically simulate natural atmospheric N deposition and precipitation increase in forest ecosystems. In a field experiment, we used novel canopy applications to investigate the effects of N deposition, increased precipitation, and their combination on soil chemical properties and the microbial community in a temperate deciduous forest. We found that both soil chemistry and microorganisms were sensitive to these global change factors, especially when they were simultaneously applied. These effects were evident within 2 years of treatment initiation. Canopy N deposition immediately accelerated soil acidification, base cation depletion, and toxic metal accumulation. Although increased precipitation only promoted base cation leaching, this exacerbated the effects of N deposition. Increased precipitation decreased soil fungal biomass, possible due to wetting/re-drying stress or to the depletion of Na. When N deposition and increased precipitation occurred together, soil gram-negative bacteria decreased significantly, and the community structure of soil bacteria was altered. The reduction of gram-negative bacterial biomass was closely linked to the accumulation of the toxic metals Al and Fe. These results suggested that short-term responses in soil cations following N deposition and increased precipitation could change microbial biomass and community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Shi
- Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Peng Mao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Weixin Zhang
- Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Yuanhu Shao
- Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Shenglei Fu
- Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Zhang S, Rossi S, Huang JG, Jiang S, Yu B, Zhang W, Ye Q. Intra-annual Dynamics of Xylem Formation in Liquidambar formosana Subjected to Canopy and Understory N Addition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:79. [PMID: 29467775 PMCID: PMC5808591 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Increasing N deposition caused by intensive anthropogenic activities is expected to affect forest growth. However, the effects of N deposition on trees are still controversial due to the wide variability in results and experimental methods used. We conducted an experiment involving both canopy and understory N addition to investigate the effects of N-addition on intra-annual xylem formation of Chinese sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana) in a warm-temperate forest of Central China. Since 2013, 50 kg N ha-1 year-1 (2.5 times the current natural N deposition) was applied monthly from April to December. In 2014 and 2015, the timing and dynamics of xylem formation were monitored weekly during March-December by microcoring the stems of control and treated trees. Similar dynamics of wood formation were observed between canopy and understory N addition. Xylem formation of all the experimental trees started in March and lasted for 119-292 days. Compared to the control, no change was observed in the timing and dynamics of wood formation in N-treated trees. Tree ring-width ranged between 1701 and 4774 μm, with a rate of xylem production of 10.52-26.64 μm day-1. The radial growth of trees was not modified by the treatments. Our findings suggest that short-term N addition is unable to affect the dynamics of xylem formation in Chinese sweetgum in Central China. The effects of N on tree growth observed in previous studies might be related to the duration of the experiment or the imbalance between the amount of natural deposition and N added during treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
- South China Botanical Garden, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | - Jian-Guo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China Botanical Garden, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Biyun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China Botanical Garden, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Zhao A, Liu L, Xu T, Shi L, Xie W, Zhang W, Fu S, Feng H, Chen B. Influences of Canopy Nitrogen and Water Addition on AM Fungal Biodiversity and Community Composition in a Mixed Deciduous Forest of China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1842. [PMID: 30619411 PMCID: PMC6297361 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition and precipitation could profoundly influence the structure and function of forest ecosystems. However, conventional studies with understory additions of nitrogen and water largely ignored canopy-associated ecological processes and may have not accurately reflected the natural situations. Additionally, most studies only made sampling at one time point, overlooked temporal dynamics of ecosystem response to environmental changes. Here we carried out a field trial in a mixed deciduous forest of China with canopy addition of N and water for 4 years to investigate the effects of increased N deposition and precipitation on the diversity and community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, the ubiquitous symbiotic fungi for the majority of terrestrial plants. We found that (1) in the 1st year, N addition, water addition and their interactions all exhibited significant influences on AM fungal community composition; (2) in the 2nd year, only water addition significantly reduced AM fungal alpha-diversity (richness and Shannon index); (3) in the next 2 years, both N addition and water addition showed no significant effect on AM fungal community composition or alpha-diversity, with an exception that water addition significantly changed AM fungal community composition in the 4th year; (4) the increment of N or water tended to decrease the abundance and richness of the dominant genus Glomus and favored other AM fungi. (5) soil pH was marginally positively related with AM fungal community composition dissimilarity, soil NH4 +-N and N/P showed significant/marginal positive correlation with AM fungal alpha-diversity. We concluded that the effect of increased N deposition and precipitation on AM fungal community composition was time-dependent, mediated by soil factors, and possibly related to the sensitivity and resilience of forest ecosystem to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Global Ecology Unit, Facultat de Biociencies, CREAF-CSIS-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tianle Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Leilei Shi
- Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenglei Fu
- Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Haiyan Feng
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Baodong Chen,
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Zhang S, Huang JG, Rossi S, Ma Q, Yu B, Zhai L, Luo D, Guo X, Fu S, Zhang W. Intra-annual dynamics of xylem growth in Pinus massoniana submitted to an experimental nitrogen addition in Central China. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:1546-1553. [PMID: 28985432 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, anthropogenic activities have increased nitrogen (N) deposition in terrestrial ecosystems. This higher availability of N is expected to impact plant growth. However, the effects of N deposition on tree growth remain inconclusive due to the wide variability of experimental methods used. This study aimed to test the effect of short-term N addition on the intra-annual wood formation of Chinese red pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) in a warm-temperate forest of Central China. From 2013, solution containing 25 kg N ha-1 year-1 was applied monthly to the understory of experimental plots from April to December to double the current natural N deposition. Each week from March to December in 2014 and 2015, cambial activity and the timings and dynamics of xylem formation were monitored by collecting microcores from stems. Xylem formation lasted from March to November, producing an average of 19 and 33 cells for all studied trees in 2014 and 2015, respectively. No difference in xylem cell production was observed between control and N-treated trees. Moreover, N-treated trees had similar timings, rates and durations of xylem formation as control trees. These findings indicated that short-term N addition was unable to affect timings and dynamics of xylem formation in Chinese red pine of warm-temperate forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l'Universite, QC G7H2B1, Canada
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Guo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l'Universite, QC G7H2B1, Canada
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Biyun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lihong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Dawei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiali Guo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shenglei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Eberwein J, Shen W, Jenerette GD. Michaelis-Menten kinetics of soil respiration feedbacks to nitrogen deposition and climate change in subtropical forests. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1752. [PMID: 28496153 PMCID: PMC5431897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
China experiences some of the highest rates of anthropogenic nitrogen deposition globally, with further increases projected. Understanding of soil feedbacks to the combined anthropogenic influences of climate change and nitrogen deposition in these systems is critical to improve predictive abilities for future climate scenarios. Here we used a Michaelis-Menten substrate-based kinetics framework to explore how soil CO2 production (Rsoil) responds to changes in temperature and available soil nitrogen (N) by combining field experiments with laboratory manipulations from sites experiencing elevated rates of anthropogenic N deposition but varying in soil N availabiltiy. The temperature sensitivity of Rsoil was strongly influenced by labile C additions. Furthermore, estimation of the temperature response of the Michaelis-Menten parameters supports the use of substrate-based kinetics in modeling efforts. Results from both field and laboratory experiments demonstrated a general decrease in Rsoil with increasing soil available N that was variably dependent on carbon (C) availability. Both the field and the laboratory measurements demonstrated a consistent decrease in the Michaelis-Menten parameter kM with increasing soil available N, indicating an increase in the efficiency of soil C decomposition with increasing N. Furthermore, these results provide evidence of interactions between N deposition and temperature sensitivity, which could influence C storage under combined anthropogenic global change drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Eberwein
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, USA.
| | - Weijun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management for Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - G Darrel Jenerette
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, USA
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Shi L, Zhang H, Liu T, Zhang W, Shao Y, Ha D, Li Y, Zhang C, Cai XA, Rao X, Lin Y, Zhou L, Zhao P, Ye Q, Zou X, Fu S. Consistent effects of canopy vs. understory nitrogen addition on the soil exchangeable cations and microbial community in two contrasting forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 553:349-357. [PMID: 26930308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic N deposition has been well documented to cause substantial impacts on the chemical and biological properties of forest soils. In most studies, however, atmospheric N deposition has been simulated by directly adding N to the forest floor. Such studies thus ignored the potentially significant effect of some key processes occurring in forest canopy (i.e., nitrogen retention) and may therefore have incorrectly assessed the effects of N deposition on soils. Here, we conducted an experiment that included both understory addition of N (UAN) and canopy addition of N (CAN) in two contrasting forests (temperate deciduous forest vs. subtropical evergreen forest). The goal was to determine whether the effects on soil exchangeable cations and microbial biomass differed between CAN and UAN. We found that N addition reduced pH, BS (base saturation) and exchangeable Ca and increased exchangeable Al significantly only at the temperate JGS site, and reduced the biomass of most soil microbial groups only at the subtropical SMT site. Except for soil exchangeable Mn, however, effects on soil chemical properties and soil microbial community did not significantly differ between CAN and UAN. Although biotic and abiotic soil characteristics differ significantly and the responses of both soil exchangeable cations and microbial biomass were different between the two study sites, we found no significant interactive effects between study site and N treatment approach on almost all soil properties involved in this study. In addition, N addition rate (25 vs. 50 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) did not show different effects on soil properties under both N addition approaches. These findings did not support previous prediction which expected that, by bypassing canopy effects (i.e., canopy retention and foliage fertilization), understory addition of N would overestimate the effects of N deposition on forest soil properties, at least for short time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yuanhu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Denglong Ha
- Jigongshan National Natural Reserve, Xinyang, Henan 464000, China
| | - Yuanqiu Li
- Shimentai National Natural Reserve, Yingde, Guangdong 513000, China
| | - Chuangmao Zhang
- Shimentai National Natural Reserve, Yingde, Guangdong 513000, China
| | - Xi-An Cai
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xingquan Rao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yongbiao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lixia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiaoming Zou
- Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931-1910, USA
| | - Shenglei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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