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Kim H, Lee Y, Yu J, Park JY, Lee J, Kim SG, Hyun Y. Production of the antimalarial drug precursor amorphadiene by microbial terpene synthase-like from the moss Sanionia uncinata. PLANTA 2024; 260:145. [PMID: 39565435 PMCID: PMC11579073 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/21/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The microbial terpene synthase-like of the moss Sanionia uncinata displays the convergent evolution of a rare plant metabolite amorpha-4,11-diene synthesis. Despite increasing demand for the exploration of biological resources, the diversity of natural compounds synthesized by organisms inhabiting various climates remains largely unexplored. This study focuses on the moss Sanionia uncinata, known as a predominant species within the polar climates of the Antarctic Peninsula, to systematically explore its metabolic profile both in-field and in controlled environments. We here report a diverse array of moss-derived terpene volatiles, including the identification of amorpha-4,11-diene, a rare sesquiterpene compound that is a precursor for antimalarial drugs. Phylogenetic reconstruction and functional validation in planta and in vitro identified a moss terpene synthase, S. uncinata microbial terpene synthase-like 2 (SuMTPSL2), which is associated with amorpha-4,11-diene production. We demonstrate that expressing SuMTPSL2 in various heterologous systems is sufficient to produce amorpha-4,11-diene. These results highlight the metabolic diversity in Antarctica, but also provide insights into the convergent evolution leading to the synthesis of a rare plant metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yelim Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeon Yu
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yoon Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungeun Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youbong Hyun
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Xing C, Lei C, Yang Y, Zhou D, Liu S, Xu J, Liu Z, Wu T, Zhou X, Huang S, Liu W. Drought responses and population differentiation of Calohypnum plumiforme inferred from comparative transcriptome analysis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108456. [PMID: 38417308 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Bryophytes, known as poikilohydric plants, possess vegetative desiccation-tolerant (DT) ability to withstand water deficit stress. Consequently, they offer valuable genetic resources for enhancing resistance to water scarcity stress. In this research, we examined the physiological, phytohormonal, and transcriptomic changes in DT mosses Calohypnum plumiforme from two populations, with and without desiccation treatment. Comparative analysis revealed population differentiation at physiological, gene sequence, and expression levels. Under desiccation stress, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) showed significant increases, along with elevation of soluble sugars and proteins, consistent with the transcriptome changes. Notable activation of the bypass pathway of JA biosynthesis suggested their roles in compensating for JA accumulation. Furthermore, our analysis revealed significant correlations among phytohormones and DEGs in their respective signaling pathway, indicating potential complex interplays of hormones in C plumiforme. Protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) in the abscisic acid signaling pathway emerged as the pivotal hub in the phytohormone crosstalk regulation network. Overall, this study was one of the first comprehensive transcriptome analyses of moss C. plumiforme under slow desiccation rates, expanding our knowledge of bryophyte transcriptomes and shedding light on the gene regulatory network involved in response to desiccation, as well as the evolutionary processes of local adaptation across moss populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengguang Xing
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518100, China.
| | - Chunyi Lei
- Department of Scientific Research and Education, Heishiding Nature Reserve, Zhaoqing, 526536, China.
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518100, China.
| | - Dandan Zhou
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518100, China.
| | - Jianqu Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518100, China.
| | - Tao Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518100, China.
| | - Xiaohang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Shuzhen Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518100, China.
| | - Weiqiu Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518100, China.
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3
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Kawakami T, Miyazaki S, Kawaide H. Molecular characterization of a moss isoprene synthase provides insight into its evolution. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2133-2142. [PMID: 37385722 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
This is the first report on the molecular characterization of isoprene synthase (ISPS) from the moss Calohypnum plumiforme. After isoprene emission from C. plumiforme was confirmed, the cDNA encoding C. plumiforme ISPS (CpISPS) was narrowed down using a genome database associated with protein structure prediction, and a CpISPS gene was identified. The recombinant CpISPS, produced in Escherichia coli, converted dimethylallyl diphosphate to isoprene. Phylogenetic analysis indicated similarity between the amino acid sequences of CpISPS and moss diterpene cyclases (DTCs) but not ISPSs of higher plants, implying that CpISPS is derived from moss DTCs and is evolutionarily unrelated to canonical ISPSs of higher plants. CpISPS is a novel class I cyclase of the terpene synthase-c subfamily harboring αβ domains. This study will help further study of isoprene biosynthesis and the physiological functions of isoprene in mosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kawakami
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
| | - Sho Miyazaki
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawaide
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
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4
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Wiart C, Kathirvalu G, Raju CS, Nissapatorn V, Rahmatullah M, Paul AK, Rajagopal M, Sathiya Seelan JS, Rusdi NA, Lanting S, Sulaiman M. Antibacterial and Antifungal Terpenes from the Medicinal Angiosperms of Asia and the Pacific: Haystacks and Gold Needles. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093873. [PMID: 37175283 PMCID: PMC10180233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review identifies terpenes isolated from the medicinal Angiosperms of Asia and the Pacific with antibacterial and/or antifungal activities and analyses their distribution, molecular mass, solubility, and modes of action. All data in this review were compiled from Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, ChemSpider, PubChem, and library searches from 1968 to 2022. About 300 antibacterial and/or antifungal terpenes were identified during this period. Terpenes with a MIC ≤ 2 µg/mL are mostly amphiphilic and active against Gram-positive bacteria, with a molecular mass ranging from about 150 to 550 g/mol, and a polar surface area around 20 Ų. Carvacrol, celastrol, cuminol, dysoxyhainic acid I, ent-1β,14β-diacetoxy-7α-hydroxykaur-16-en-15-one, ergosterol-5,8-endoperoxide, geranylgeraniol, gossypol, 16α-hydroxy-cleroda-3,13 (14)Z-diene-15,16-olide, 7-hydroxycadalene, 17-hydroxyjolkinolide B, (20R)-3β-hydroxy-24,25,26,27-tetranor-5α cycloartan-23,21-olide, mansonone F, (+)-6,6'-methoxygossypol, polygodial, pristimerin, terpinen-4-ol, and α-terpineol are chemical frameworks that could be candidates for the further development of lead antibacterial or antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Wiart
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Geethanjali Kathirvalu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chandramathi Samudi Raju
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- Research Excellence Centre for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Alok K Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Mogana Rajagopal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | | | - Nor Azizun Rusdi
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Scholastica Lanting
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Mazdida Sulaiman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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5
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Zhang Y, Li M, Liu Q, Huang J, Chen Y. A Synthetic View on Momilactones and Related 9β-H Pimarane Skeleton Diterpenoids. Front Chem 2022; 10:882404. [PMID: 35386847 PMCID: PMC8979168 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.882404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allelochemicals are secondary metabolites produced from plants and used to prevent and control the invasion of other plants and microorganisms, with broad application prospects in crop protection. Structurally, momilactones belong to 9β-H pimarane diterpenoids, one of rice’s significant allelochemicals with anti-weeds and antibacterial activity. Rare studies have been reported with the synthesis challenges of the unique 9β-H pimarane skeleton. Hence, synthetic strategies of momilactones and related 9β-H pimarane skeleton are reviewed from 1984 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jian Huang
- *Correspondence: Jian Huang, ; Yang Chen,
| | - Yang Chen
- *Correspondence: Jian Huang, ; Yang Chen,
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6
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Wang Y, Zhu R, Shi M, Huang Q, Zhang S, Kai G, Guo S. Genome-Wide Identification and Comparative Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factors Related to Momilactone Biosynthesis in Calohypnum plumiforme. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.809729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Momilactones are diterpenoid phytoalexins with allelopathic functions, which have been found in the widely distributed bryophyte Calohypnum plumiforme. Clustered genes containing CpDTC1/HpDTC1, CpCYP970A14, CpCYP964A1, and CpMAS are involved in momilactone biosynthesis. Besides, momilactone concentration in C. plumiforme is affected by heavy metal treatment such as CuCl2. However, transcription factors which might regulate momilactone biosynthesis are unclear. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) regulate phytoalexin biosynthesis in many plant species. In this study, a systematic analysis of the WRKY TFs was performed according to the C. plumiforme genome. A total of 19 CpWRKY genes were identified and categorized into five subgroups based on their phylogenetic relationship. Conserved domain and motif analysis suggested that the WRKY domain was highly conserved, but there were some variations. Cis-acting elements and binding sites analysis implied that CpWRKY genes might be induced by stress and further regulate the biosynthesis of momilactones. Our study lays a foundation for further functional characterization of the candidate CpWRKY genes involved in the regulation of momilactone biosynthesis, and provides new strategies for increasing momilactone production.
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7
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Serra Serra N, Shanmuganathan R, Becker C. Allelopathy in rice: a story of momilactones, kin recognition, and weed management. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4022-4037. [PMID: 33647935 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the struggle to secure nutrient access and to outperform competitors, some plant species have evolved a biochemical arsenal with which they inhibit the growth or development of neighbouring plants. This process, known as allelopathy, exists in many of today's major crops, including rice. Rice synthesizes momilactones, diterpenoids that are released into the rhizosphere and inhibit the growth of numerous plant species. While the allelopathic potential of rice was recognized decades ago, many questions remain unresolved regarding the biosynthesis, exudation, and biological activity of momilactones. Here, we review current knowledge on momilactones, their role in allelopathy, and their potential to serve as a basis for sustainable weed management. We emphasize the gaps in our current understanding of when and how momilactones are produced and of how they act in plant cells, and outline what we consider the next steps in momilactone and rice allelopathy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Serra Serra
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Reshi Shanmuganathan
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Genetics, LMU Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians University, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Claude Becker
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Genetics, LMU Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians University, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
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8
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Tomita K, Yashiroda Y, Matsuo Y, Piotrowski JS, Li SC, Okamoto R, Yoshimura M, Kimura H, Kawamura Y, Kawamukai M, Boone C, Yoshida M, Nojiri H, Okada K. Genome-wide Screening of Genes Associated with Momilactone B Sensitivity in the Fission Yeast. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6270786. [PMID: 33956138 PMCID: PMC8496333 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Momilactone B is a natural product with dual biological activities, including antimicrobial and allelopathic properties, and plays a major role in plant chemical defense against competitive plants and pathogens. The pharmacological effects of momilactone B on mammalian cells have also been reported. However, little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying its broad bioactivity. In this study, the genetic determinants of momilactone B sensitivity in yeast were explored to gain insight into its mode of action. We screened fission yeast mutants resistant to momilactone B from a pooled culture containing genome-wide gene-overexpressing strains in a drug-hypersensitive genetic background. Overexpression of pmd1, bfr1, pap1, arp9, or SPAC9E9.06c conferred resistance to momilactone B. In addition, a drug-hypersensitive, barcoded deletion library was newly constructed and the genes that imparted altered sensitivity to momilactone B upon deletion were identified. Gene Ontology and fission yeast phenotype ontology enrichment analyses predicted the biological pathways related to the mode of action of momilactone B. The validation of predictions revealed that momilactone B induced abnormal phenotypes such as multiseptated cells and disrupted organization of the microtubule structure. This is the first investigation of the mechanism underlying the antifungal activity of momilactone B against yeast. The results and datasets obtained in this study narrow the possible targets of momilactone B and facilitate further studies regarding its mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tomita
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoko Yashiroda
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsuo
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Jeff S Piotrowski
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sheena C Li
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Reika Okamoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mami Yoshimura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kimura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yumi Kawamura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawamukai
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Charles Boone
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nojiri
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazunori Okada
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Inagaki H, Miyamoto K, Ando N, Murakami K, Sugisawa K, Morita S, Yumoto E, Teruya M, Uchida K, Kato N, Kaji T, Takaoka Y, Hojo Y, Shinya T, Galis I, Nozawa A, Sawasaki T, Nojiri H, Ueda M, Okada K. Deciphering OPDA Signaling Components in the Momilactone-Producing Moss Calohypnum plumiforme. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:688565. [PMID: 34135933 PMCID: PMC8201998 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.688565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) and its biologically active form jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile) regulate defense responses to various environmental stresses and developmental processes in plants. JA and JA-Ile are synthesized from α-linolenic acids derived from membrane lipids via 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA). In the presence of JA-Ile, the COI1 receptor physically interacts with JAZ repressors, leading to their degradation, resulting in the transcription of JA-responsive genes by MYC transcription factors. Although the biosynthesis of JA-Ile is conserved in vascular plants, it is not recognized by COI1 in bryophytes and is not biologically active. In the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, dinor-OPDA (dn-OPDA), a homolog of OPDA with two fewer carbons, and its isomer dn-iso-OPDA accumulate after wounding and are recognized by COI1 to activate downstream signaling. The moss Calohypnum plumiforme produces the antimicrobial-specialized metabolites, momilactones. It has been reported that JA and JA-Ile are not detected in C. plumiforme and that OPDA, but not JA, can induce momilactone accumulation and the expression of these biosynthetic genes, suggesting that OPDA or its derivative is a biologically active molecule in C. plumiforme that induces chemical defense. In the present study, we investigated the biological functions of OPDA and its derivatives in C. plumiforme. Searching for the components potentially involving oxylipin signaling from transcriptomic and genomic data revealed that two COI1, three JAZ, and two MYC genes were present. Quantification analyses revealed that OPDA and its isomer iso-OPDA accumulated in larger amounts than dn-OPDA and dn-iso-OPDA after wounding. Moreover, exogenously applied OPDA, dn-OPDA, or dn-iso-OPDA induced the transcription of JAZ genes. These results imply that OPDA, dn-OPDA, and/or their isomers potentially act as biologically active molecules to induce the signaling downstream of COI1-JAZ. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation analysis showed the physical interaction between JAZs and MYCs, indicating the functional conservation of JAZs in C. plumiforme with other plants. These results suggest that COI1-JAZ-MYC mediated signaling is conserved and functional in C. plumiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Inagaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Koji Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Japan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Japan
- *Correspondence: Koji Miyamoto,
| | - Noriko Ando
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Kohei Murakami
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Koki Sugisawa
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Shion Morita
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Emi Yumoto
- Advanced Instrumental Analysis Center, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Miyu Teruya
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Uchida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Japan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Japan
- Advanced Instrumental Analysis Center, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Nobuki Kato
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuya Kaji
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yousuke Takaoka
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Tomonori Shinya
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Akira Nozawa
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | | | - Hideaki Nojiri
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Ueda
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazunori Okada
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Yoshida H, Takehara S, Mori M, Ordonio RL, Matsuoka M. Evolution of GA Metabolic Enzymes in Land Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 61:1919-1934. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) play key roles in various developmental processes in land plants. We studied the evolutionary trends of GA metabolic enzymes through a comprehensive homology search and phylogenetic analyses from bryophytes to angiosperms. Our analyses suggest that, in the process of evolution, plants were able to acquire GA metabolic enzymes in a stepwise manner and that the enzymes had rapidly diversified in angiosperms. As a good example of their rapid diversification, we focused on the GA-deactivating enzyme, GA 2-oxidase (GA2ox). Although the establishment of a GA system first occurred in lycophytes, its inactivation system mediated by GA2oxs was established at a much later time: the rise of gymnosperms and the rise of angiosperms through C19-GA2ox and C20-GA2ox development, respectively, as supported by the results of our direct examination of their enzymatic activities in vitro. Based on these comprehensive studies of GA metabolic enzymes, we discuss here that angiosperms rapidly developed a sophisticated system to delicately control the level of active GAs by increasing their copy numbers for their survival under different challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Yoshida
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0006 Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0006 Japan
| | - Sayaka Takehara
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Reynante Lacsamana Ordonio
- Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Division, Philippine Rice Research Institute, Science City of Munoz, Maligaya 3119, The Philippines
| | - Makoto Matsuoka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
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11
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Evolution of Labdane-Related Diterpene Synthases in Cereals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 61:1850-1859. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are labdane-related diterpenoid phytohormones that regulate various aspects of higher plant growth. A biosynthetic intermediate of GAs is ent-kaurene, a tetra-cyclic diterpene that is produced through successive cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate catalyzed by the two distinct monofunctional diterpene synthases—ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase (ent-CPS) and ent-kaurene synthase (KS). Various homologous genes of the two diterpene synthases have been identified in cereals, including rice (Oryza sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and maize (Zea mays), and are believed to have been derived from GA biosynthetic ent-CPS and KS genes through duplication and neofunctionalization. They play roles in specialized metabolism, giving rise to diverse labdane-related diterpenoids for defense because a variety of diterpene synthases generate diverse carbon-skeleton structures. This review mainly describes the diterpene synthase homologs that have been identified and characterized in rice, wheat and maize and shows the evolutionary history of various homologs in rice inferred by comparative genomics studies using wild rice species, such as Oryza rufipogon and Oryza brachyantha. In addition, we introduce labdane-related diterpene synthases in bryophytes and gymnosperms to illuminate the macroscopic evolutionary history of diterpene synthases in the plant kingdom—bifunctional enzymes possessing both CPS and KS activities are present in bryophytes; gymnosperms possess monofunctional CPS and KS responsible for GA biosynthesis and also possess bifunctional diterpene synthases facilitating specialized metabolism for defense.
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Peters RJ. Doing the gene shuffle to close synteny: dynamic assembly of biosynthetic gene clusters. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:992-994. [PMID: 32433781 PMCID: PMC7856633 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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Why are momilactones always associated with biosynthetic gene clusters in plants? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:13867-13869. [PMID: 32487731 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007934117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Genomic evidence for convergent evolution of gene clusters for momilactone biosynthesis in land plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12472-12480. [PMID: 32409606 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914373117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Momilactones are bioactive diterpenoids that contribute to plant defense against pathogens and allelopathic interactions between plants. Both cultivated and wild grass species of Oryza and Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) produce momilactones using a biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) in their genomes. The bryophyte Calohypnum plumiforme (formerly Hypnum plumaeforme) also produces momilactones, and the bifunctional diterpene cyclase gene CpDTC1/HpDTC1, which is responsible for the production of the diterpene framework, has been characterized. To understand the molecular architecture of the momilactone biosynthetic genes in the moss genome and their evolutionary relationships with other momilactone-producing plants, we sequenced and annotated the C. plumiforme genome. The data revealed a 150-kb genomic region that contains two cytochrome P450 genes, the CpDTC1/HpDTC1 gene and the "dehydrogenase momilactone A synthase" gene tandemly arranged and inductively transcribed following stress exposure. The predicted enzymatic functions in yeast and recombinant assay and the successful pathway reconstitution in Nicotiana benthamiana suggest that it is a functional BGC responsible for momilactone production. Furthermore, in a survey of genomic sequences of a broad range of plant species, we found that momilactone BGC is limited to the two grasses (Oryza and Echinochloa) and C. plumiforme, with no synteny among these genomes. These results indicate that while the gene cluster in C. plumiforme is functionally similar to that in rice and barnyard grass, it is likely a product of convergent evolution. To the best of our knowledge, this report of a BGC for a specialized plant defense metabolite in bryophytes is unique.
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Karunanithi PS, Zerbe P. Terpene Synthases as Metabolic Gatekeepers in the Evolution of Plant Terpenoid Chemical Diversity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1166. [PMID: 31632418 PMCID: PMC6779861 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids comprise tens of thousands of small molecule natural products that are widely distributed across all domains of life. Plants produce by far the largest array of terpenoids with various roles in development and chemical ecology. Driven by selective pressure to adapt to their specific ecological niche, individual species form only a fraction of the myriad plant terpenoids, typically representing unique metabolite blends. Terpene synthase (TPS) enzymes are the gatekeepers in generating terpenoid diversity by catalyzing complex carbocation-driven cyclization, rearrangement, and elimination reactions that enable the transformation of a few acyclic prenyl diphosphate substrates into a vast chemical library of hydrocarbon and, for a few enzymes, oxygenated terpene scaffolds. The seven currently defined clades (a-h) forming the plant TPS family evolved from ancestral triterpene synthase- and prenyl transferase-type enzymes through repeated events of gene duplication and subsequent loss, gain, or fusion of protein domains and further functional diversification. Lineage-specific expansion of these TPS clades led to variable family sizes that may range from a single TPS gene to families of more than 100 members that may further function as part of modular metabolic networks to maximize the number of possible products. Accompanying gene family expansion, the TPS family shows a profound functional plasticity, where minor active site alterations can dramatically impact product outcome, thus enabling the emergence of new functions with minimal investment in evolving new enzymes. This article reviews current knowledge on the functional diversity and molecular evolution of the plant TPS family that underlies the chemical diversity of bioactive terpenoids across the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prema S Karunanithi
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Philipp Zerbe
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Yoshikawa M, Luo W, Tanaka G, Konishi Y, Matsuura H, Takahashi K. Wounding stress induces phenylalanine ammonia lyases, leading to the accumulation of phenylpropanoids in the model liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 155:30-36. [PMID: 30064058 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wounding stress induces the biosynthesis of various specialized metabolites in plants. In this study, wounding induced the biosynthesis of luteolin, apigenin, and isoriccardin C, which are biosynthesized through the phenylpropanoid pathway, in the model liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L (Marchantiaceae). Recombinant M. polymorpha phenylalanine ammonia lyases (MpPALs) exhibited PAL activity in vitro and converted phenylalanine into trans-cinnamic acid. Based on semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis, the expression levels of the MpPAL genes were up-regulated after wounding. α-Aminooxy-β-phenylpropionic acid, a PAL inhibitor, suppressed the production of wounding-induced phenolic compounds, luteolin, apigenin, and isoriccardin C, in M. polymorpha. Thus, PAL is a committed step in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids in response to wounding in M. polymorpha. This study suggests that wound-induced specialized metabolites such as phenylpropanoids comprise a conserved defense system in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Yoshikawa
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Weifeng Luo
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Genta Tanaka
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yuka Konishi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Kosaku Takahashi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
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Yazaki K, Arimura GI, Ohnishi T. 'Hidden' Terpenoids in Plants: Their Biosynthesis, Localization and Ecological Roles. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1615-1621. [PMID: 29016891 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids are the largest group of plant specialized (secondary) metabolites. These naturally occurring chemical compounds are highly diverse in chemical structure. Although there have been many excellent studies of terpenoids, most have focused on compounds built solely of isoprene units. Plants, however, also contain many 'atypical' terpenoids, such as glycosylated volatile terpenes and composite-type terpenoids, the latter of which are synthesized by the coupling of isoprene units on aromatic compounds. This mini review describes these 'hidden' terpenoids, providing an overview of their biosynthesis, localization, and biological and ecological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Yazaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011 Japan
| | - Gen-Ichiro Arimura
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, 125-8585 Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ohnishi
- College of Agriculture, Academic Institute, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8017 Japan
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Hagel JM, Facchini PJ. Tying the knot: occurrence and possible significance of gene fusions in plant metabolism and beyond. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4029-4043. [PMID: 28521055 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Gene fusions have recently attracted attention especially in the field of plant specialized metabolism. The occurrence of a gene fusion, in which originally separate gene products are combined into a single polypeptide, often corresponds to the functional association of individual components within a single metabolic pathway. Examples include gene fusions implicated in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA), terpenoid, and amino acid biosynthetic pathways, in which distinct domains within a fusion catalyze consecutive, yet independent reactions. Both genomic and transcriptional mechanisms result in the fusion of gene products, which can include partial or complete domain repeats and extensive domain shuffling as evident in the BIA biosynthetic enzyme norcoclaurine synthase. Artificial gene fusions are commonly deployed in attempts to engineer new or improved pathways in plants or microorganisms, based on the premise that fusions are advantageous. However, a survey of functionally characterized fusions in microbial systems shows that the functional impact of fused gene products is not straightforward. For example, whereas enzyme fusions might facilitate the metabolic channeling of unstable intermediates, this channeling can also occur between tightly associated independent enzymes. The frequent occurrence of both fused and unfused enzymes in plant and microbial metabolism adds additional complexity, in terms of both pathway functionality and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M Hagel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr N.W., Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Peter J Facchini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr N.W., Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Ye Z, Nakagawa K, Natsume M, Nojiri H, Kawaide H, Okada K. Biochemical synthesis of uniformly 13C-labeled diterpene hydrocarbons and their bioconversion to diterpenoid phytoalexins in planta. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1176-1184. [PMID: 28162049 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1285689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Phytocassanes and momilactones are the major diterpenoid phytoalexins inductively produced in rice as bioactive substances. Regardless of extensive studies on the biosynthetic pathways of these phytoalexins, bioconversion of diterpene hydrocarbons is not shown in planta. To elucidate the entire biosynthetic pathways of these phytoalexins, uniformly 13C-labeled ent-cassadiene and syn-pimaradiene were enzymatically synthesized with structural verification by GC-MS and 13C-NMR. Application of the 13C-labeled substrates on rice leaves led to the detection of 13C-labeled metabolites using LC-MS/MS. Further application of this method in the moss Hypnum plumaeforme and the nearest out-group of Oryza species Leersia perrieri, respectively, resulted in successful bioconversion of these labeled substrates into phytoalexins in these plants. These results demonstrate that genuine biosynthetic pathways from these diterpene hydrocarbons to the end product phytoalexins occur in these plants and that enzymatically synthesized [U-13C20] diterpene substrates are a powerful tool for chasing endogenous metabolites without dilution with naturally abundant unlabeled compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfeng Ye
- a Biotechnology Research Center , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kazuya Nakagawa
- b Graduate School of Agriculture , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masahiro Natsume
- b Graduate School of Agriculture , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hideaki Nojiri
- a Biotechnology Research Center , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawaide
- b Graduate School of Agriculture , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kazunori Okada
- a Biotechnology Research Center , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
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Ponce de León I, Montesano M. Adaptation Mechanisms in the Evolution of Moss Defenses to Microbes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:366. [PMID: 28360923 PMCID: PMC5350094 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Bryophytes, including mosses, liverworts and hornworts are early land plants that have evolved key adaptation mechanisms to cope with abiotic stresses and microorganisms. Microbial symbioses facilitated plant colonization of land by enhancing nutrient uptake leading to improved plant growth and fitness. In addition, early land plants acquired novel defense mechanisms to protect plant tissues from pre-existing microbial pathogens. Due to its evolutionary stage linking unicellular green algae to vascular plants, the non-vascular moss Physcomitrella patens is an interesting organism to explore the adaptation mechanisms developed in the evolution of plant defenses to microbes. Cellular and biochemical approaches, gene expression profiles, and functional analysis of genes by targeted gene disruption have revealed that several defense mechanisms against microbial pathogens are conserved between mosses and flowering plants. P. patens perceives pathogen associated molecular patterns by plasma membrane receptor(s) and transduces the signal through a MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade leading to the activation of cell wall associated defenses and expression of genes that encode proteins with different roles in plant resistance. After pathogen assault, P. patens also activates the production of ROS, induces a HR-like reaction and increases levels of some hormones. Furthermore, alternative metabolic pathways are present in P. patens leading to the production of a distinct metabolic scenario than flowering plants that could contribute to defense. P. patens has acquired genes by horizontal transfer from prokaryotes and fungi, and some of them could represent adaptive benefits for resistance to biotic stress. In this review, the current knowledge related to the evolution of plant defense responses against pathogens will be discussed, focusing on the latest advances made in the model plant P. patens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Ponce de León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente EstableMontevideo, Uruguay
- *Correspondence: Inés Ponce de León,
| | - Marcos Montesano
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente EstableMontevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la RepúblicaMontevideo, Uruguay
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