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Zhang Y, Nada B, Baker SE, Evans JE, Tian C, Benz JP, Tamayo E. Unveiling a classical mutant in the context of the GH3 β-glucosidase family in Neurospora crassa. AMB Express 2024; 14:4. [PMID: 38180602 PMCID: PMC10770018 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01658-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Classical fungal mutant strains obtained by mutagenesis have helped to elucidate fundamental metabolic pathways in the past. In the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, the gluc-1 strain was isolated long ago and characterized by its low level of β-glucosidase activity, which is essential for the degradation of cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer on Earth and the main polymeric component of the plant cell wall. Based on genomic resequencing, we hypothesized that the causative mutation resides in the β-glucosidase gene gh3-3 (bgl6, NCU08755). In this work, growth patterns, enzymatic activities and sugar utilization rates were analyzed in several mutant and overexpression strains related to gluc-1 and gh3-3. In addition, different mutants affected in the degradation and transport of cellobiose were analyzed. While overexpression of gh3-3 led to the recovery of β-glucosidase activity in the gluc-1 mutant, as well as normal utilization of cellobiose, the full gene deletion strain Δgh3-3 was found to behave differently than gluc-1 with lower secreted β-glucosidase activity, indicating a dominant role of the amino acid substitution in the point mutated gh3-3 gene of gluc-1. Our results furthermore confirm that GH3-3 is the major extracellular β-glucosidase in N. crassa and demonstrate that the two cellodextrin transporters CDT-1 and CDT-2 are essential for growth on cellobiose when the three main N. crassa β-glucosidases are absent. Overall, these findings provide valuable insight into the mechanisms of cellulose utilization in filamentous fungi, being an essential step in the efficient production of biorefinable sugars from agricultural and forestry plant biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Fungal Biotechnology in Wood Science, Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Basant Nada
- Fungal Biotechnology in Wood Science, Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Scott E Baker
- DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Microbial Molecular Phenotyping Group, Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - James E Evans
- Microbial Molecular Phenotyping Group, Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Chaoguang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - J Philipp Benz
- Fungal Biotechnology in Wood Science, Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Tamayo
- Fungal Biotechnology in Wood Science, Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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Feng L, Zhang Y, Liu W, Du D, Jiang W, Wang Z, Li N, Hu Z. Altered rumen microbiome and correlations of the metabolome in heat-stressed dairy cows at different growth stages. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0331223. [PMID: 37971264 PMCID: PMC10714726 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03312-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Heat stress is one of the main causes of economic losses in the dairy industry worldwide; however, the mechanisms associated with the metabolic and microbial changes in heat stress remain unclear. Here, we characterized both the changes in metabolites, rumen microbial communities, and their functional potential indices derived from rumen fluid and serum samples from cows at different growth stages and under different climates. This study highlights that the rumen microbe may be involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism by modulating the fatty acyl metabolites. Under heat stress, the changes in the metabolic status of growing heifers, heifers, and lactating cows were closely related to arachidonic acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and energy metabolism. Moreover, this study provides new markers for further research to understand the effects of heat stress on the physiological metabolism of Holstein cows and the time-dependent changes associated with growth stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Dewei Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zihua Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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3
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Meng Z, Yang C, Leng J, Zhu W, Cheng Y. Production, purification, characterization and application of two novel endoglucanases from buffalo rumen metagenome. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:16. [PMID: 36740711 PMCID: PMC9900955 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulose biomass is the most abundant and renewable material in nature. The objectives of this study were to characterize two endoglucanases TrepCel3 and TrepCel4, and determine the effect of the combination of them (1.2 mg TrepCel3, 0.8 mg TrepCel4) on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics. In this study, three nature lignocellulosic substrates (rice straw, RS; wheat straw, WS; leymus chinensis, LC) were evaluated for their in vitro digestibility, gas, NH3-N and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, and microbial protein (MCP) synthesis by adding enzymatic combination. METHODS Two endoglucanases' genes were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21 (DE3), and enzymatic characteristics were further characterized. The combination of TrepCel3 and TrepCel4 was incubated with lignocellulosic substrates to evaluate its hydrolysis ability. RESULTS The maximum enzymatic activity of TrepCel3 was determined at pH 5.0 and 40 °C, while TrepCel4 was at pH 6.0 and 50 °C. They were stable over the temperature range of 30 to 60 °C, and active within the pH range of 4.0 to 9.0. The TrepCel3 and TrepCel4 had the highest activity in lichenan 436.9 ± 8.30 and 377.6 ± 6.80 U/mg, respectively. The combination of TrepCel3 and TrepCel4 exhibited the highest efficiency at the ratio of 60:40. Compared to maximum hydrolysis of TrepCel3 or TrepCel4 separately, this combination was shown to have a superior ability to maximize the saccharification yield from lignocellulosic substrates up to 188.4% for RS, 236.7% for wheat straw WS, 222.4% for LC and 131.1% for sugar beet pulp (SBP). Supplemental this combination enhanced the dry matter digestion (DMD), gas, NH3-N and VFA production, and MCP synthesis during in vitro rumen fermentation. CONCLUSIONS The TrepCel3 and TrepCel4 exhibited the synergistic relationship (60:40) and significantly increased the saccharification yield of lignocellulosic substrates. The combination of them stimulated in vitro rumen fermentation of lignocellulosic substrates. This combination has the potential to be a feed additive to improve agricultural residues utilization in ruminants. If possible, in the future, experiments in vivo should be carried out to fully evaluate its effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang Meng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chengjian Yang
- Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Jing Leng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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4
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Cui L, Huang H, Zhang H, Wang X, Qin X, Tu T, Zhang J, Su X, Yu H, Bai Y, Luo H, Yao B, Wang Y. Recombinant expression of hen egg white lysozyme with the assistance of xylanase fusion partner in Pichia pastoris. Bioengineered 2022; 13:13860-13871. [PMID: 35726822 PMCID: PMC9275996 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2084496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its bacteriolytic activity, hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) is widely used in the feed, food, and pharmaceutical industries. However, its application is hindered by low protein expression levels in microbial expression systems. In this work, a novel fusion protein expression strategy was proposed for increasing the expression level of HEWL. First, HEWL, fused with a highly expressed fusion protein partner xylanase XynCDBFV, is expressed in Pichia pastoris. Secondly, a linker including endogenous protease cleavage sites was introduced between two fusion proteins in order to separate them directly during the secretion process. Finally, the results show that the supernatant of XynCDBFV-HEWL has a higher HEWL expression level and activity compared with HEWL only. It should be noted that the expression of HEWL reaches to about 3.5 g/L, and the activity of HEWL against Micrococcus lysodeikticus reaches to 1.50 × 105 U/mL in a fed-batch fermentation, which is currently the highest level of recombinant expression of an egg white-derived lysozyme. Taken together, we acquired bioactive HEWL for large-scale recombinant production in Pichia pastoris using a novel fusion protein expression strategy, which could then be used for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Honglian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Xing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Tao Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Huimin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Yingguo Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Huiying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Bin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R.China
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Improved Production of Streptomyces sp. FA1 Xylanase in a Dual-Plasmid Pichia pastoris System. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:2289-2304. [PMID: 34940135 PMCID: PMC8928940 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanol is considered as a potential hazard in the methanol-induced yeast expression of food-related enzymes. To increase the production efficiency of recombinant proteins in Pichia pastoris without methanol induction, a novel dual-plasmid system was constructed, for the first time, by a combining the strategies of genomic integration and episomal expression. To obtain a high copy number of the target gene, the autonomously replicating sequence derived from Kluyveromyces lactis (PARS) was used to construct episomal vectors carrying the constitutive promoters PGAP and PGCW14. In addition, an integrative vector carrying the PGCW14 promoter was constructed by replacing the PGAP promoter sequence with a partial PGCW14 promoter. Next, using xylanase XynA from Streptomyces sp. FA1 as the model enzyme, recombination strains were transformed with different combinations of integrating and episomal vectors that were constructed to investigate the changes in the protein yield. Results in shake flasks indicated that the highest enzyme yield was achieved when integrated PGAP and episomal PGCW14 were simultaneously transformed into the host strain. Meanwhile, the copy number of xynA increased from 1.14 ± 0.46 to 3.06 ± 0.35. The yield of XynA was successfully increased to 3925 U·mL-1 after 102 h of fermentation in a 3.6 L fermenter, which was 16.7-fold and 2.86-fold of the yields that were previously reported for the constitutive expression and methanol-induced expression of the identical protein, respectively. Furthermore, the high-cell-density fermentation period was shortened from 132 h to 102 h compared to that of methanol-induced system. Since the risk of methanol toxicity is removed, this novel expression system would be suitable for the production of proteins related to the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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6
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Xia W, Bai Y, Shi P. Improving the Substrate Affinity and Catalytic Efficiency of β-Glucosidase Bgl3A from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 by Rational Design. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121882. [PMID: 34944526 PMCID: PMC8699594 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency of β-glucosidase is necessary for better performance in the enzymatic saccharification of cellulosic biomass because of its ability to prevent cellobiose inhibition on cellulases. Bgl3A from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802, identified in our previous work, was considered a suitable candidate enzyme for efficient cellulose saccharification with higher catalytic efficiency on the natural substrate cellobiose compared with other β-glucosidase but showed insufficient substrate affinity. In this work, hydrophobic stacking interaction and hydrogen-bonding networks in the active center of Bgl3A were analyzed and rationally designed to strengthen substrate binding. Three vital residues, Met36, Phe66, and Glu168, which were supposed to influence substrate binding by stabilizing adjacent binding site, were chosen for mutagenesis. The results indicated that strengthening the hydrophobic interaction between stacking aromatic residue and the substrate, and stabilizing the hydrogen-bonding networks in the binding pocket could contribute to the stabilized substrate combination. Four dominant mutants, M36E, M36N, F66Y, and E168Q with significantly lower Km values and 1.4–2.3-fold catalytic efficiencies, were obtained. These findings may provide a valuable reference for the design of other β-glucosidases and even glycoside hydrolases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Yingguo Bai
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Pengjun Shi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (P.S.)
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7
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Fan C, Zhang W, Su X, Ji W, Luo H, Zhang Y, Liu B, Yao B, Huang H, Xu X. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing directed by a 5S rRNA-tRNA Gly hybrid promoter in the thermophilic filamentous fungus Humicola insolens. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:206. [PMID: 34688310 PMCID: PMC8542335 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humicola insolens is a filamentous fungus with high potential of producing neutral and heat- and alkali-resistant cellulase. However, the genetic engineering tools, particularly the genome-editing tool, are scarce, hindering the study of cellulase expression regulation in this organism. RESULTS Herein, a CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system was established in H. insolens based on a hybrid 5S rRNA-tRNAGly promoter. This system is superior to the HDV (hepatitis delta virus) system in genome editing, allowing highly efficient single gene destruction in H. insolens with rates of deletion up to 84.1% (37/44). With this system, a putative pigment synthesis gene pks and the transcription factor xyr1 gene were disrupted with high efficiency. Moreover, the extracellular protein concentration and cellulase activity largely decreased when xyr1 was deleted, demonstrating for the first time that Xyr1 plays an important role in cellulase expression regulation. CONCLUSIONS The established CRISPR/Cas9 system is a powerful genetic operation tool for H. insolens, which will accelerate studies on the regulation mechanism of cellulase expression and engineering of H. insolens for higher cellulase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wangli Ji
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huiying Luo
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xinxin Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
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8
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Zhong S, Yan M, Zou H, Zhao P, Ye H, Zhang T, Zhao C. Spectroscopic and in silico investigation of the interaction between GH1 β-glucosidase and ginsenoside Rb 1. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1917-1928. [PMID: 33841810 PMCID: PMC8020931 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The function and application of β-glucosidase attract attention nowadays. β-glucosidase was confirmed of transforming ginsenoside Rb1 to rare ginsenoside, but the interaction mechanism remains not clear. In this work, β-glucosidase from GH1 family of Paenibacillus polymyxa was selected, and its gene sequence bglB was synthesized by codon. Then, recombinant plasmid was transferred into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and expressed. The UV-visible spectrum showed that ginsenoside Rb1 decreased the polarity of the corresponding structure of hydrophobic aromatic amino acids (Trp) in β-glucosidase and increased new π-π* transition. The fluorescence quenching spectrum showed that ginsenoside Rb1 inhibited intrinsic fluorescence, formed static quenching, reduced the surface hydrophobicity of β-glucosidase, and KSV was 8.37 × 103 L/M (298K). Circular dichroism (CD) showed that secondary structure of β-glucosidase was changed by the binding action. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) showed that β-glucosidase and Rb1 had strong binding power which KD value was 5.24 × 10-4 (±2.35 × 10-5) M. Molecular docking simulation evaluated the binding site, hydrophobic force, hydrogen bond, and key amino acids of β-glucosidase with ginsenoside Rb1 in the process. Thus, this work could provide basic mechanisms of the binding and interaction between β-glucosidase and ginsenoside Rb1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Zhong
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Mi Yan
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Haoyang Zou
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ping Zhao
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Haiqing Ye
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Tiehua Zhang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Changhui Zhao
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchunChina
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9
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Sun J, Wang W, Ying Y, Hao J. A Novel Glucose-Tolerant GH1 β-Glucosidase and Improvement of Its Glucose Tolerance Using Site-Directed Mutation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:999-1015. [PMID: 32621133 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel GH1 β-glucosidase gene (bgla) from marine bacterium was sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. After purification by Ni2+ affinity chromatography, the recombinant protein was characterized. The purified recombinant enzyme showed maximum activity at 40 °C, pH 7.5 and was stable between temperatures that range from 4 to 30 °C and over the pH range of 6-10. The enzyme displayed a high tolerance to glucose and maximum stimulation at the presence of 100 mM glucose. To improve glucose tolerance of the enzyme, a site-directed mutation (f171w) was introduced into β-glucosidase. The recombinant F171W showed a higher glucose tolerance than the wild type and maintained more than 40% residual activity at the presence of 4 M glucose. Additionally, the recombinant enzymes showed notable tolerance to ethanol. These properties suggest the enzymes may have potential applications for the fermentation of lignocellulosic sugars and the production of biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yu Ying
- Qingdao Institute for Food and Drug Control, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resource, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
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10
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In silico Approach to Elucidate Factors Associated with GH1 β-Glucosidase Thermostability. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.4.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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11
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Purification, characterization, and functional properties of a novel glycoprotein from tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tartaricum) seed. Food Chem 2019; 309:125671. [PMID: 31670129 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A pure glycoprotein (BGP4-I) was obtained from tartary buckwheat seeds by aqueous extraction followed by DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography. The average molecular weight of BGP4-I, as determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography, was 123.43 kDa. The structure of BGP4-I was characterized based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, etc. Based on the nano-liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis of the amino acid sequence of BGP4-I, belongs unequivocally to the glycosyl hydrolase family 1 in the Carbohydrate Active Enzymes database by alignment studies. The specific activity of BGP4-I was 18.44 μmol/min/mg on the substrate p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside. Furthermore, BGP4-I is unique in its specificity for some substrates. These results suggest that the BGP4-I from tartary buckwheat seeds is a novel specific β-glucosidase setting the foundation for potential applications in the food industry.
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12
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Chen Z, Liu Y, Liu L, Chen Y, Li S, Jia Y. Purification and characterization of a novel β-glucosidase from Aspergillus flavus and its application in saccharification of soybean meal. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:671-678. [PMID: 30990111 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1599397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus has been regarded as a potential candidate for its production of industrial enzymes, but the details of β-glucosidase from this strain is very limited. In herein, we first reported a novel β-glucosidase (AfBglA) with the molecular mass of 94.2 kDa from A. flavus. AfBglA was optimally active at pH 4.5 and 60 °C and is stable between pH 3.5 and 9.0 and at a temperature of up to 55 °C for 30 min remaining more than 90% of its initial activity. It showed an excellent tolerance to Trypsin, Pepsin, Compound Protease, and Flavourzyme and its activity was not inhibited by specific certain cations. AfBglA displayed broad substrate specificity, it acted on all tested pNP-glycosides and barley glucan, indicating this novel β-glucosidase exhibited a β-1, 3-1, 4-glucanase activity. Moreover, the AfBglA could effectively hydrolyze the soybean meal suspension into glucose and exhibit a strong tolerance to the inhibition of glucose at a concentration of 20.0 g/L during the saccharification. The maximum amount of the glucose obtained by AfBglA corresponded to 67.0 g/kg soybean meal. All of these properties mentioned above indicated that the AfBglA possibly attractive for food and feed industry and saccharification of cellulolytic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chen
- a Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Yangliu Liu
- a Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Lu Liu
- a Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Yaoyao Chen
- a Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Siting Li
- a Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Yingmin Jia
- a Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
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He B, Jin S, Cao J, Mi L, Wang J. Metatranscriptomics of the Hu sheep rumen microbiome reveals novel cellulases. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:153. [PMID: 31249617 PMCID: PMC6587244 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulosic biomass has great potential as a renewable biofuel resource. Robust, high-performance enzymes are needed to effectively utilize this valuable resource. In this study, metatranscriptomics was used to explore the carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), especially glycoside hydrolases (GHs), present in the rumen microbiome of Hu sheep. Select CAZymes were experimentally verified and characterized after cloning and expression in E. coli. RESULTS The metatranscriptomes of six Hu sheep rumen microbiomes yielded 42.3 Gbp of quality-checked sequence data that represented in total 2,380,783 unigenes after de novo assembling using Trinity and clustered with CD-HIT-EST. Annotation using the CAZy database revealed that 2.65% of the unigenes encoded GHs, which were assigned to 111 different CAZymes families. Firmicutes (18.7%) and Bacteroidetes (13.8%) were the major phyla to which the unigenes were taxonomically assigned. In total, 14,489 unigenes were annotated to 15 cellulase-containing GH families, with GH3, GH5 and GH9 being the predominant. From these putative cellulase-encoding unigenes, 4225 open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted to contain 2151 potential cellulase catalytic modules. Additionally, 147 ORFs were found to encode proteins that contain carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). Heterogeneous expression of 30 candidate cDNAs from the GH5 family in E. coli BL21 showed that 17 of the tested proteins had endoglucanase activity, while 7 exhibited exoglucanase activity. Interestingly, two of the GH5 proteins (Cel5A-h28 and Cel5A-h11) showed high specific activity against carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and p-nitrophenyl-β-d-cellobioside (pNPC) (222.2 and 142.8 U/mg), respectively. The optimal pH value for activity of Cel5A-h11 and Cel5A-h28 was 6.0 for both enzymes, and optimal temperatures were 40 and 50 °C, respectively. Both enzymes retained over 70 and 60%, respectively, of their original activities after incubation at 40 °C for 60 min. However, their activities were rapidly diminished upon exposure to higher temperatures. Cel5A-h11 and Cel5A-h28 retained more than 80 and 60% of their maximal enzymatic activities after incubation for 16 h in buffered solutions in the pH range from 4.0 to 9.0. CONCLUSION The metatranscriptomic results revealed that the rumen microbiome of Hu sheep encoded a repertoire of new enzymes capable of cellulose degradation and metatranscriptomics was an effective method to discover novel cellulases for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo He
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Shuwen Jin
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Jiawen Cao
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Lan Mi
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Jiakun Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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Kao MR, Kuo HW, Lee CC, Huang KY, Huang TY, Li CW, Chen CW, Wang AHJ, Yu SM, Ho THD. Chaetomella raphigera β-glucosidase D2-BGL has intriguing structural features and a high substrate affinity that renders it an efficient cellulase supplement for lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:258. [PMID: 31700541 PMCID: PMC6825360 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To produce second-generation biofuels, enzymatic catalysis is required to convert cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars. β-Glucosidases finalize the process by hydrolyzing cellobiose into glucose, so the efficiency of cellulose hydrolysis largely depends on the quantity and quality of these enzymes used during saccharification. Accordingly, to reduce biofuel production costs, new microbial strains are needed that can produce highly efficient enzymes on a large scale. RESULTS We heterologously expressed the fungal β-glucosidase D2-BGL from a Taiwanese indigenous fungus Chaetomella raphigera in Pichia pastoris for constitutive production by fermentation. Recombinant D2-BGL presented significantly higher substrate affinity than the commercial β-glucosidase Novozyme 188 (N188; K m = 0.2 vs 2.14 mM for p-nitrophenyl β-d-glucopyranoside and 0.96 vs 2.38 mM for cellobiose). When combined with RUT-C30 cellulases, it hydrolyzed acid-pretreated lignocellulosic biomasses more efficiently than the commercial cellulase mixture CTec3. The extent of conversion from cellulose to glucose was 83% for sugarcane bagasse and 63% for rice straws. Compared to N188, use of D2-BGL halved the time necessary to produce maximal levels of ethanol by a semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process. We upscaled production of recombinant D2-BGL to 33.6 U/mL within 15 days using a 1-ton bioreactor. Crystal structure analysis revealed that D2-BGL belongs to glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 3. Removing the N-glycosylation N68 or O-glycosylation T431 residues by site-directed mutagenesis negatively affected enzyme production in P. pastoris. The F256 substrate-binding residue in D2-BGL is located in a shorter loop surrounding the active site pocket relative to that of Aspergillus β-glucosidases, and this short loop is responsible for its high substrate affinity toward cellobiose. CONCLUSIONS D2-BGL is an efficient supplement for lignocellulosic biomass saccharification, and we upscaled production of this enzyme using a 1-ton bioreactor. Enzyme production could be further improved using optimized fermentation, which could reduce biofuel production costs. Our structure analysis of D2-BGL offers new insights into GH3 β-glucosidases, which will be useful for strain improvements via a structure-based mutagenesis approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Rong Kao
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsion-Wen Kuo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Chung Lee
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Ying Huang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Yen Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Wei Li
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - C. Will Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Su-May Yu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tuan-Hua David Ho
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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15
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Cao H, Zhang Y, Shi P, Ma R, Yang H, Xia W, Cui Y, Luo H, Bai Y, Yao B. A highly glucose-tolerant GH1 β-glucosidase with greater conversion rate of soybean isoflavones in monogastric animals. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 45:369-378. [PMID: 29744673 PMCID: PMC6028883 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-2040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the feed industry, β-glucosidase has been widely used in the conversion of inactive and bounded soybean isoflavones into active aglycones. However, the conversion is frequently inhibited by the high concentration of intestinal glucose in monogastric animals. In this study, a GH1 β-glucosidase (AsBG1) with high specific activity, thermostability and glucose tolerance (IC50 = 800 mM) was identified. It showed great glucose tolerance against substrates with hydrophobic aryl ligands (such as pNPG and soy isoflavones). Using soybean meal as the substrate, AsBG1 exhibited higher hydrolysis efficiency than the GH3 counterpart Bgl3A with or without the presence of glucose in the reaction system. Furthermore, it is the first time to find that the endogenous β-glucosidase of soybean meal, mostly belonging to GH3, plays a role in the hydrolysis of soybean isoflavones and is highly sensitive to glucose. These findings lead to a conclusion that the GH1 rather than GH3 β-glucosidase has prosperous application advantages in the conversion of soybean isoflavones in the feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Cao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengjun Shi
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Cui
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiying Luo
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingguo Bai
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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Production of thermostable β-glucosidase and CMCase by Penicillium sp. LMI01 isolated from the Amazon region. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Kar B, Verma P, den Haan R, Sharma AK. Characterization of a recombinant thermostable β-glucosidase from Putranjiva roxburghii expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its use for efficient biomass conversion. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Meleiro LP, Salgado JCS, Maldonado RF, Carli S, Moraes LAB, Ward RJ, Jorge JA, Furriel RPM. Engineering the GH1 β-glucosidase from Humicola insolens: Insights on the stimulation of activity by glucose and xylose. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188254. [PMID: 29145480 PMCID: PMC5690678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the GH1 β-glucosidase from Humicola insolens (Bglhi) against p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNP-Glc) and cellobiose is enhanced 2-fold by glucose and/or xylose. Kinetic and transglycosylation data showed that hydrolysis is preferred in the absence of monosaccharides. Stimulation involves allosteric interactions, increased transglycosylation and competition of the substrate and monosaccharides for the -1 glycone and the +1/+2 aglycone binding sites. Protein directed evolution has been used to generate 6 mutants of Bglhi with altered stimulation patterns. All mutants contain one of three substitutions (N235S, D237V or H307Y) clustered around the +1/+2 aglycone binding sites. Two mutants with the H307Y substitution preferentially followed the transglycosylation route in the absence of xylose or glucose. The strong stimulation of their pNP-glucosidase and cellobiase activities was accompanied by increased transglycosylation and higher monosaccharide tolerance. The D237V mutation favoured hydrolysis over transglycosylation and the pNP-glucosidase activity, but not the cellobiase activity, was stimulated by xylose. The substitution N235S abolished the preference for hydrolysis or transglycosylation; the cellobiase, but not the pNP-glucosidase activity of the mutants was strongly inhibited by xylose. Both the D237V and N235S mutations lowered tolerance to the monosaccharides. These results provide evidence that the fine modulation of the activity of Bglhi and mutants by glucose and/or xylose is regulated by the relative affinities of the glycone and aglycone binding sites for the substrate and the free monosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Parras Meleiro
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - José Carlos Santos Salgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Raquel Fonseca Maldonado
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Sibeli Carli
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Luiz Alberto Beraldo Moraes
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Richard John Ward
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - João Atílio Jorge
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rosa Prazeres Melo Furriel
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
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Kar B, Verma P, Patel GK, Sharma AK. Molecular cloning, characterization and in silico analysis of a thermostable β-glucosidase enzyme from Putranjiva roxburghii with a significant activity for cellobiose. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 140:151-165. [PMID: 28500928 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The native Putranjiva roxburghii family 1 glycoside hydrolase enzyme showed β-D-fucosidase activity in addition to β-D-glucosidase and β-D-galactosidase activities reported in our previous study. A single step concanvalin A affinity chromatography for native PRGH1 improved the yield and reduced the purification time. The PRGH1 gene was cloned and overexpressed in E. coli. The full length gene contained an ORF of 1617 bp encoding a polypeptide of 538 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of PRGH1 showed maximum similarities to β-glucosidases and myrosinases. Both native and recombinant protein showed maximum hydrolytic activity for pNP-Fuc followed by pNP-Glc and pNP-Gal. Significant enzyme activity was also observed for cellobiose, however it decreased with increase in chain-length for glycan substrates. The enzyme showed significant resistant to D-glucose concentration up to 500 mM. Mutational studies confirmed the predicted catalytic acid/base Glu173 and nucleophile Glu389 as key residues for its activity. Moreover, Glu446 and Asn172 played essential role in substrate binding by interacting with the -1 subsite of substrates. Bioinformatic analysis suggested the possible reasons for the broad substrate specificity and other properties of the enzyme. PRGH1 had high sequence similarity towards S-glucosidase and may be involved in defence. The broad specificity, catalytic efficiency and thermostability make PRGH1 potentially an important industrial enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibekananda Kar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Preeti Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Girijesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, India.
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Kogo T, Yoshida Y, Koganei K, Matsumoto H, Watanabe T, Ogihara J, Kasumi T. Production of rice straw hydrolysis enzymes by the fungi Trichoderma reesei and Humicola insolens using rice straw as a carbon source. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 233:67-73. [PMID: 28258998 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rice straw was evaluated as a carbon source for the fungi, Trichoderma reesei and Humicola insolens, to produce enzymes for rice straw hydrolysis. The enzyme activity of T. reesei and H. insolens cultivated in medium containing non-treated rice straw were almost equivalent to the enzyme of T. reesei cultivated in Avicel medium, a form of refined cellulose. The enzyme activity of T. reesei cultivated in medium containing NH4OH-treated rice straw was 4-fold higher than enzyme from cultures grown in Avicel medium. In contrast, H. insolens enzyme from cultures grown in NH4OH-treated rice straw had significantly lower activity compared with non-treated rice straw or Avicel. The combined use of T. reesei and H. insolens enzymes resulted in a significant synergistic enhancement in enzymatic activity. Our data suggest that rice straw is a promising low-cost carbon source for fungal enzyme production for rice straw hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kogo
- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Lifescience, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshida
- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Lifescience, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Keisuke Koganei
- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Lifescience, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Matsumoto
- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Lifescience, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Taisuke Watanabe
- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Lifescience, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Jun Ogihara
- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Lifescience, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kasumi
- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Lifescience, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.
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