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Ju D, Dong C. The combined application of stem cells and three-dimensional bioprinting scaffolds for the repair of spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1751-1758. [PMID: 38103241 PMCID: PMC10960285 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is considered one of the most difficult injuries to repair and has one of the worst prognoses for injuries to the nervous system. Following surgery, the poor regenerative capacity of nerve cells and the generation of new scars can make it very difficult for the impaired nervous system to restore its neural functionality. Traditional treatments can only alleviate secondary injuries but cannot fundamentally repair the spinal cord. Consequently, there is a critical need to develop new treatments to promote functional repair after spinal cord injury. Over recent years, there have been several developments in the use of stem cell therapy for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Alongside significant developments in the field of tissue engineering, three-dimensional bioprinting technology has become a hot research topic due to its ability to accurately print complex structures. This led to the loading of three-dimensional bioprinting scaffolds which provided precise cell localization. These three-dimensional bioprinting scaffolds could repair damaged neural circuits and had the potential to repair the damaged spinal cord. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying simple stem cell therapy, the application of different types of stem cells for the treatment of spinal cord injury, and the different manufacturing methods for three-dimensional bioprinting scaffolds. In particular, we focus on the development of three-dimensional bioprinting scaffolds for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyue Ju
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuanming Dong
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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2
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Wasnik K, Gupta PS, Singh G, Maity S, Patra S, Pareek D, Kumar S, Rai V, Prakash R, Acharya A, Maiti P, Mukherjee S, Mastai Y, Paik P. Neurogenic and angiogenic poly( N-acryloylglycine)- co-(acrylamide)- co-( N-acryloyl-glutamate) hydrogel: preconditioning effect under oxidative stress and use in neuroregeneration. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38835196 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00243a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic injuries, neurodegenerative diseases and oxidative stress serve as the early biomarkers for neuronal damage and impede angiogenesis and subsequently neuronal growth. Considering this, the present work aimed to develop a poly(N-acryloylglycine)-co-(acrylamide)-co-(N-acryloylglutamate) hydrogel [p(NAG-Ac-NAE)] with angiogenesis/neurogenesis properties. As constituents of this polymer modulate their vital role in biological functions, inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine regulates neuronal homeostasis, and glutamatergic signalling regulates angiogenesis. The p(NAG-Ac-NAE) hydrogel is a highly branched, biodegradable and pH-responsive polymer with a very high swelling behavior of 6188%. The mechanical stability (G', 2.3-2.7 kPa) of this polymeric hydrogel is commendable in the differentiation of mature neurons. This hydrogel is biocompatible (as tested in HUVEC cells) and helps to proliferate PC12 cells (152.7 ± 13.7%), whereas it is cytotoxic towards aggressive cancers such as glioblastoma (LN229 cells) and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC; MDA-MB-231 cells) and helps to maintain the healthy cytoskeleton framework structure of primary cortical neurons by facilitating the elongation of the axonal pathway. Furthermore, FACS results revealed that the synthesized hydrogel potentiates neurogenesis by inducing the cell cycle (G0/G1) and arresting the sub-G1 phase by limiting apoptosis. Additionally, RT-PCR results revealed that this hydrogel induced an increased level of HIF-1α expression, providing preconditioning effects towards neuronal cells under oxidative stress by scavenging ROS and initiating neurogenic and angiogenic signalling. This hydrogel further exhibits more pro-angiogenic activities by increasing the expression of VEGF isoforms compared to previously reported hydrogels. In conclusion, the newly synthesized p(NAG-Ac-NAE) hydrogel can be one of the potential neuroregenerative materials for vasculogenesis-assisted neurogenic applications and paramount for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Wasnik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India.
| | - Prem Shankar Gupta
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India.
| | - Gurmeet Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India.
| | - Somedutta Maity
- School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of Hyderabad, Telangana State 500 046, India
| | - Sukanya Patra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India.
| | - Divya Pareek
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India.
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Vipin Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Ravi Prakash
- School of Material Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Arbind Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School of Material Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India.
| | - Yitzhak Mastai
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Pradip Paik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India.
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3
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Miao X, Lin J, Li A, Gao T, Liu T, Shen J, Sun Y, Wei J, Bao B, Zheng X. AAV-mediated VEGFA overexpression promotes angiogenesis and recovery of locomotor function following spinal cord injury via PI3K/Akt signaling. Exp Neurol 2024; 375:114739. [PMID: 38401852 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disorder of the central nervous system resulting from various factors such as trauma, inflammation, tumors, and other etiologies. This condition leads to impairment in motor, sensory, and autonomic functions below the level of injury. Limitations of current therapeutic approaches prompt an investigation into therapeutic angiogenesis through persistent local expression of proangiogenic factors. Here, we investigated whether overexpression of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in mouse SCI promoted locomotor function recovery, and whether the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway was mechanistically involved. Three weeks before SCI, AAV-VEGFA was injected at the T10 level to induce VEGFA overexpression. Neurofunctional, histological, and biochemical assessments were done to determine tissue damage and/or recovery of neuromuscular and behavioral impairments. Daily injections of the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor LY294002 were made to assess a possible mechanism. AAV-VEGFA overexpression dramatically improved locomotor function and ameliorated pathological injury caused by SCI. Improved motor-evoked potentials in hindlimbs and more spinal CD31-positive microvessels were observed in AAV-VEGFA-overexpressing mice. LY294002 reduced PI3K and Akt phosphorylation levels and attenuated AAV-VEGFA-related improvements. In conclusion, sustained local AAV-mediated VEGFA overexpression in spinal cord can significantly promote angiogenesis and ameliorate locomotor impairment after SCI in a contusion mouse model through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Miao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai, China
| | - Junqing Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiexin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiabao Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingbo Bao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianyou Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Center for Orthopaedics, Shanghai, China.
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Li Q, Liu S, Zheng T, Li M, Qi B, Zhou L, Liu B, Ma D, Zhao C, Chen Z. Grafted human-induced pluripotent stem cells-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells combined with human umbilical vein endothelial cells contribute to functional recovery following spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:35. [PMID: 38321505 PMCID: PMC10848469 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease that causes extensive damage to oligodendrocytes and neurons leading to demyelination and axonal degeneration. In this study, we co-transplanted cell grafts containing oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) combined with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which were reported to promote OPCs survival and migration, into rat contusion models to promote functional recovery after SCI. METHODS OPCs were derived from iPSCs and identified by immunofluorescence at different time points. Functional assays in vitro were performed to evaluate the effect of HUVECs on the proliferation, migration, and survival of OPCs by co-culture and migration assay, as well as on the neuronal axonal growth. A combination of OPCs and HUVECs was transplanted into the rat contusive model. Upon 8 weeks, immunofluorescence staining was performed to test the safety of transplanted cells and to observe the neuronal repairment, myelination, and neural circuit reconstruction at the injured area; also, the functional recovery was assessed by Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan open-field scale, Ladder climb, SEP, and MEP. Furthermore, the effect of HUVECs on grafts was also determined in vivo. RESULTS Data showed that HUVECs promote the proliferation, migration, and survival of OPCs both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, 8 weeks upon engraftment, the rats with OPCs and HUVECs co-transplantation noticeably facilitated remyelination, enhanced functional connection between the grafts and the host and promoted functional recovery. In addition, compared with the OPCs-alone transplantation, the co-transplantation generated more sensory neurons at the lesion border and significantly improved the sensory functional recovery. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that transplantation of OPCs combined with HUVECs significantly enhances both motor and sensory functional recovery after SCI. No significance was observed between OPCs combined with HUVECs group and OPCs-alone group in motor function recovery, while the sensory function recovery was significantly promoted in OPCs combined with HUVECs groups compared with the other two groups. These findings provide novel insights into the field of SCI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Sumei Liu
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Tianqi Zheng
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Mo Li
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Boling Qi
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Bochao Liu
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Translational Medicine Research Group (TMRG), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China.
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5
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You Z, Gao X, Kang X, Yang W, Xiong T, Li Y, Wei F, Zhuang Y, Zhang T, Sun Y, Shen H, Dai J. Microvascular endothelial cells derived from spinal cord promote spinal cord injury repair. Bioact Mater 2023; 29:36-49. [PMID: 37621772 PMCID: PMC10444976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) closely relates to the microvascular endothelial cell (MEC)-mediated neurovascular unit formation. However, the effects of central nerve system-derived MECs on neovascularization and neurogenesis, and potential signaling involved therein, are unclear. Here, we established a primary spinal cord-derived MECs (SCMECs) isolation with high cell yield and purity to describe the differences with brain-derived MECs (BMECs) and their therapeutic effects on SCI. Transcriptomics and proteomics revealed differentially expressed genes and proteins in SCMECs were involved in angiogenesis, immunity, metabolism, and cell adhesion molecular signaling was the only signaling pathway enriched of top 10 in differentially expressed genes and proteins KEGG analysis. SCMECs and BMECs could be induced angiogenesis by different stiffness stimulation of PEG hydrogels with elastic modulus 50-1650 Pa for SCMECs and 50-300 Pa for BMECs, respectively. Moreover, SCMECs and BMECs promoted spinal cord or brain-derived NSC (SNSC/BNSC) proliferation, migration, and differentiation at different levels. At certain dose, SCMECs in combination with the NeuroRegen scaffold, showed higher effectiveness in the promotion of vascular reconstruction. The potential underlying mechanism of this phenomenon may through VEGF/AKT/eNOS- signaling pathway, and consequently accelerated neuronal regeneration and functional recovery of SCI rats compared to BMECs. Our findings suggested a promising role of SCMECs in restoring vascularization and neural regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng You
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Xinyi Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tiandi Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yue Li
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunction Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunction Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yifu Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - He Shen
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Ou YC, Huang CC, Kao YL, Ho PC, Tsai KJ. Stem Cell Therapy in Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1691-1708. [PMID: 37115409 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that enormously affects an individual's health and quality of life. Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) is one of the most important sequelae induced by SCI, causing complications including urinary tract infection, renal function deterioration, urinary incontinence, and voiding dysfunction. Current therapeutic methods for SCI-induced NLUTD mainly target on the urinary bladder, but the outcomes are still far from satisfactory. Stem cell therapy has gained increasing attention for years for its ability to rescue the injured spinal cord directly. Stem cell differentiation and their paracrine effects, including exosomes, are the proposed mechanisms to enhance the recovery from SCI. Several animal studies have demonstrated improvement in bladder function using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs). Human clinical trials also provide promising results in urodynamic parameters after MSC therapy. However, there is still uncertainty about the ideal treatment window and application protocol for stem cell therapy. Besides, data on the therapeutic effects regarding NSCs and stem cell-derived exosomes in SCI-related NLUTD are scarce. Therefore, there is a pressing need for further well-designed human clinical trials to translate the stem cell therapy into a formal therapeutic option for SCI-induced NLUTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Chien Ou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Lin Kao
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chuan Ho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital , College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Ultrasound-Based Three-Dimensional Microangiography for Repeated Noninvasive Imaging of Neovascularization. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/3396080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Neovascularization plays an essential part in the progression of several diseases as well as recovery processes such as angiogenesis-guided neurogenesis after a spinal cord injury. To visualize and quantify neovascularization in an experimental setup, it is desirable to apply a noninvasive, repeatable, and harmless technique. Here, we apply a newly developed ultrasound-based technique to construct angiographies and quantify neovascularization in the regenerating spinal cord of a regeneration competent animal model, the Mexican axolotl. We measured vessel volume fraction prior to the induction of contusion and transection spinal cord injury and repeated this measurement directly after injury and at 3, 6, 12, and 63 days after injury. Although neither of the injury types resulted in statistically significant differences in vessel volume fraction relative to sham-operated animals, there was a statistically significant increase in neovascularization over time in all groups. Additionally, vessel volume fraction at the final time point (63 days after injury) was quantified with micro-CT imaging after vascular perfusion with a contrast agent, confirming no statistically significant difference in neovascularization between injury types. Ex vivo vessel volume fraction measured by micro-CT was significantly different from the in vivo ultrasound-based measurement at the same time point. This is likely a result of incomplete vascular perfusion with the contrast agent before micro-CT imaging, which was supported by subsequent histological evaluation. In summary, the results suggest that the ultrasound-based angiographic procedure, we demonstrate here, is applicable to visualize and quantify neovascularization in a noninvasive and harmless fashion in longitudinal experiments circumventing the limitations of contrast agent-dependent techniques.
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8
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Huang Q, Liu B, Wu W. Biomaterial-Based bFGF Delivery for Nerve Repair. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:8003821. [PMID: 37077657 PMCID: PMC10110389 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8003821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Diseases in the nervous system are common in the human body. People have to suffer a great burden due to huge economic costs and poor prognosis of the diseases. Many treatment modalities are now available that can make recovery better. Managing nutritional factors is also helpful for such diseases. The basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is one of the major nutritional factors, which plays a crucial role in organogenesis and tissue homeostasis. It plays a role in cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, thereby regulating angiogenesis and wound healing and repair of the muscle, bone, and nerve. The study on how to improve the stability of bFGF to increase the treatment effect for different diseases has garnered tremendous attention. Biomaterials are the popular methods to improve the stability of bFGF because they are safe for the living body as they are biocompatible. Biomaterials can be loaded with bFGF and delivered locally to achieve the goal of sustained bFGF release. In the present review, we report different types of biomaterials that are used for bFGF delivery for nerve repair and briefly report how the introduced bFGF can function in the nervous system. We aim to provide summative guidance for future studies about nerve injury using bFGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Wencan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, China
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9
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Roolfs L, Hubertus V, Spinnen J, Shopperly LK, Fehlings MG, Vajkoczy P. Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Vascular Repair After Experimental Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Neurospine 2022; 19:961-975. [PMID: 36597633 PMCID: PMC9816606 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2244624.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts the spinal cord vasculature resulting in ischemia, amplification of the secondary injury cascade and exacerbation of neural tissue loss. Restoring functional integrity of the microvasculature to prevent neural loss and to promote neural repair is an important challenge and opportunity in SCI research. Herein, we summarize the course of vascular injury and repair following SCI and give a comprehensive overview of current experimental therapeutic approaches targeting spinal cord microvasculature to diminish ischemia and thereby facilitate neural repair and regeneration. A systematic review of the published literature on therapeutic approaches to promote vascular repair after experimental SCI was performed using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) standards. The MEDLINE databases PubMed, Embase, and OVID MEDLINE were searched using the keywords "spinal cord injury," "angiogenesis," "angiogenesis inducing agents," "tissue engineering," and "rodent subjects." A total of 111 studies were identified through the search. Five main therapeutic approaches to diminish hypoxia-ischemia and promote vascular repair were identified as (1) the application of angiogenic factors, (2) genetic engineering, (3) physical stimulation, (4) cell transplantation, and (5) biomaterials carrying various factor delivery. There are different therapeutic approaches with the potential to diminish hypoxia-ischemia and promote vascular repair after experimental SCI. Of note, combinatorial approaches using implanted biomaterials and angiogenic factor delivery appear promising for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Roolfs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa Hubertus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacob Spinnen
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lennard K. Shopperly
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery and Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,Corresponding Author Peter Vajkoczy Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Manto KM, Govindappa PK, Martinazzi B, Han A, Hegarty JP, Koroneos Z, Talukder MAH, Elfar JC. Erythropoietin-PLGA-PEG as a local treatment to promote functional recovery and neurovascular regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:461. [PMID: 36307805 PMCID: PMC9617443 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic peripheral nerve injury (TPNI) is a major medical problem with no universally accepted pharmacologic treatment. We hypothesized that encapsulation of pro-angiogenic erythropoietin (EPO) in amphiphilic PLGA-PEG block copolymers could serve as a local controlled-release drug delivery system to enhance neurovascular regeneration after nerve injury. Methods In this study, we synthesized an EPO-PLGA-PEG block copolymer formulation. We characterized its physiochemical and release properties and examined its effects on functional recovery, neural regeneration, and blood vessel formation after sciatic nerve crush injury in mice. Results EPO-PLGA-PEG underwent solution-to-gel transition within the physiologically relevant temperature window and released stable EPO for up to 18 days. EPO-PLGA-PEG significantly enhanced sciatic function index (SFI), grip strength, and withdrawal reflex post-sciatic nerve crush injury. Furthermore, EPO-PLGA-PEG significantly increased blood vessel density, number of junctions, and myelinated nerve fibers after injury. Conclusion This study provides promising preclinical evidence for using EPO-PLGA-PEG as a local controlled-release treatment to enhance functional outcomes and neurovascular regeneration in TPNI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01666-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Manto
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Prem Kumar Govindappa
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Brandon Martinazzi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Aijie Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - John P Hegarty
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Zachary Koroneos
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - M A Hassan Talukder
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - John C Elfar
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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11
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Jing Y, Bai F, Wang L, Yang D, Yan Y, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Yu Y, Chen Z. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in a Mouse Spinal Cord Injury Model by Modulating the Microenvironment at the Lesion Site. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0017722. [PMID: 35467388 PMCID: PMC9241636 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00177-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary traumatic event that causes spinal cord injury (SCI) is followed by a progressive secondary injury featured by vascular disruption and ischemia, inflammatory responses and the release of cytotoxic debris, which collectively add to the hostile microenvironment of the lesioned cord and inhibit tissue regeneration and functional recovery. In a previous study, we reported that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) promotes functional recovery in a contusion SCI mouse model; yet whether and how FMT treatment may impact the microenvironment at the injury site are not well known. In the current study, we examined individual niche components and investigated the effects of FMT on microcirculation, inflammation and trophic factor secretion in the spinal cord of SCI mice. FMT treatment significantly improved spinal cord tissue sparing, vascular perfusion and pericyte coverage and blood-spinal cord-barrier (BSCB) integrity, suppressed the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and enhanced the secretion of neurotrophic factors. Suppression of inflammation and upregulation of trophic factors, jointly, may rebalance the niche homeostasis at the injury site and render it favorable for reparative and regenerative processes, eventually leading to functional recovery. Furthermore, microbiota metabolic profiling revealed that amino acids including β-alanine constituted a major part of the differentially detected metabolites between the groups. Supplementation of β-alanine in SCI mice reduced BSCB permeability and increased the number of surviving neurons, suggesting that β-alanine may be one of the mediators of FMT that participates in the modulation and rebalancing of the microenvironment at the injured spinal cord. IMPORTANCE FMT treatment shows a profound impact on the microenvironment that involves microcirculation, blood-spinal cord-barrier, activation of immune cells, and secretion of neurotrophic factors. Analysis of metabolic profiles reveals around 22 differentially detected metabolites between the groups, and β-alanine was further chosen for functional validation experiments. Supplementation of SCI mice with β-alanine significantly improves neuronal survival, and the integrity of blood-spinal cord-barrier at the lesion site, suggesting that β-alanine might be one of the mediators following FMT that has contributed to the recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Jing
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Bai
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Limiao Wang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Degang Yang
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitong Yan
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuying Wang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yu
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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12
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Tsivelekas KK, Evangelopoulos DS, Pallis D, Benetos IS, Papadakis SA, Vlamis J, Pneumaticos SG. Angiogenesis in Spinal Cord Injury: Progress and Treatment. Cureus 2022; 14:e25475. [PMID: 35800787 PMCID: PMC9246426 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) provokes the onset of an intricate pathological process. Initial primary injury ruptures local micro-neuro-vascularcomplex triggering the commencement of multi-factorial secondary sequences which exert significant influence on neurological deterioration progress. Stimulating by local ischemia, neovascularization pathways emerge to provide neuroprotection and improve functional recovery. Although angiogenetic processes are prompted, newly formed vascular system is frequently inadequate to distribute sufficient blood supply and improve axonal recovery. Several treatment interventions have been endeavored to achieve the optimal conditions in SCI microenvironment, enhancing angiogenesis and improve functional recovery. In this study we review the revascularization pathogenesis and importance within the secondary processes and condense the proangiogenic influence of several angiogenetic-targeted treatment interventions.
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13
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Hong JY, Kim SH, Seo Y, Jeon J, Davaa G, Hyun JK, Kim SH. Self-assembling peptide gels promote angiogenesis and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221086491. [PMID: 35340425 PMCID: PMC8943448 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221086491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to disruption of the blood–spinal cord barrier,
hemorrhage, and tissue edema, which impair blood circulation and induce
ischemia. Angiogenesis after SCI is an important step in the repair of damaged
tissues, and the extent of angiogenesis strongly correlates with the neural
regeneration. Various biomaterials have been developed to promote angiogenesis
signaling pathways, and angiogenic self-assembling peptides are useful for
producing diverse supramolecular structures with tunable functionality. RADA16
(Ac-RARADADARARADADA-NH2), which forms nanofiber networks under physiological
conditions, is a self-assembling peptide that can provide mechanical support for
tissue regeneration and reportedly has diverse roles in wound healing. In this
study, we applied an injectable form of RADA16 with or without the neuropeptide
substance P to the contused spinal cords of rats and examined angiogenesis
within the damaged spinal cord and subsequent functional improvement.
Histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the inflammatory
cell population in the lesion cavity was decreased, the vessel number and
density around the damaged spinal cord were increased, and the levels of
neurofilaments within the lesion cavity were increased in SCI rats that received
RADA16 and RADA16 with substance P (rats in the RADA16/SP group). Moreover,
real-time PCR analysis of damaged spinal cord tissues showed that IL-10
expression was increased and that locomotor function (as assessed by the Basso,
Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale and the horizontal ladder test) was
significantly improved in the RADA16/SP group compared to the control group. Our
findings indicate that RADA16 modified with substance P effectively stimulates
angiogenesis within the damaged spinal cord and is a candidate agent for
promoting functional recovery post-SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Hong
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science
and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University,
Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration
Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hee Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical
Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of
Korea
- Medifab Ltd., Seoul, Republic of
Korea
| | - Yoojin Seo
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical
Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of
Korea
| | - Jooik Jeon
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science
and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University,
Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration
Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganchimeg Davaa
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science
and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University,
Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration
Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Keun Hyun
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science
and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University,
Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration
Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,
College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Jung Keun Hyun, Department of
Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro,
Anseo-dong, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical
Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of
Korea
- Korea Institute of Science and
Technology Europe, Saarbrücken, Germany
- NBIT, KU-KIST Graduate School of
Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Cell transplantation to repair the injured spinal cord. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 166:79-158. [PMID: 36424097 PMCID: PMC10008620 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Advanced approaches to regenerate spinal cord injury: The development of cell and tissue engineering therapy and combinational treatments. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112529. [PMID: 34906773 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a central nervous system (CNS) devastate event that is commonly caused by traumatic or non-traumatic events. The reinnervation of spinal cord axons is hampered through a myriad of devices counting on the damaged myelin, inflammation, glial scar, and defective inhibitory molecules. Unfortunately, an effective treatment to completely repair SCI and improve functional recovery has not been found. In this regard, strategies such as using cells, biomaterials, biomolecules, and drugs have been reported to be effective for SCI recovery. Furthermore, recent advances in combinatorial treatments, which address various aspects of SCI pathophysiology, provide optimistic outcomes for spinal cord regeneration. According to the global importance of SCI, the goal of this article review is to provide an overview of the pathophysiology of SCI, with an emphasis on the latest modes of intervention and current advanced approaches for the treatment of SCI, in conjunction with an assessment of combinatorial approaches in preclinical and clinical trials. So, this article can give scientists and clinicians' clues to help them better understand how to construct preclinical and clinical studies that could lead to a breakthrough in spinal cord regeneration.
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16
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Zawadzka M, Kwaśniewska A, Miazga K, Sławińska U. Perspectives in the Cell-Based Therapies of Various Aspects of the Spinal Cord Injury-Associated Pathologies: Lessons from the Animal Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112995. [PMID: 34831217 PMCID: PMC8616284 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury of the spinal cord (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition often leading to severe dysfunctions, therefore an improvement in clinical treatment for SCI patients is urgently needed. The potential benefits of transplantation of various cell types into the injured spinal cord have been intensively investigated in preclinical SCI models and clinical trials. Despite the many challenges that are still ahead, cell transplantation alone or in combination with other factors, such as artificial matrices, seems to be the most promising perspective. Here, we reviewed recent advances in cell-based experimental strategies supporting or restoring the function of the injured spinal cord with a particular focus on the regenerative mechanisms that could define their clinical translation.
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17
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Li C, Qin T, Zhao J, He R, Wen H, Duan C, Lu H, Cao Y, Hu J. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome-Educated Macrophages Promote Functional Healing After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:725573. [PMID: 34650405 PMCID: PMC8506031 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.725573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord injury is a site of severe central nervous system (CNS) trauma and disease without an effective treatment strategy. Neurovascular injuries occur spontaneously following spinal cord injury (SCI), leading to irreversible loss of motor and sensory function. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosome-educated macrophages (EEM) have great characteristics as therapeutic candidates for SCI treatment. It remains unknown whether EEM could promote functional healing after SCI. The effect of EEM on neurovascular regeneration after SCI needs to be further explored. We generated M2-like macrophages using exosomes isolated from BMSCs, which were known as EEM, and directly used these EEM for SCI treatment. We aimed to investigate the effects of EEM using a spinal cord contusive injury mouse model in vivo combined with an in vitro cell functional assay and compared the results to those of a normal spinal cord without any biological intervention, or PBS treatment or macrophage alone (MQ). Neurological function measurements and histochemical tests were performed to evaluate the effect of EEM on angiogenesis and axon regrowth. In the current study, we found that treatment with EEM effectively promoted the angiogenic activity of HUVECs and axonal growth in cortical neurons. Furthermore, exogenous administration of EEM directly into the injured spinal cord could promote neurological functional healing by modulating angiogenesis and axon growth. EEM treatment could provide a novel strategy to promote healing after SCI and various other neurovascular injury disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Li
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jinyun Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Rundong He
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Haicheng Wen
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyue Duan
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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18
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Tu YK, Hsueh YH, Huang HC. Human olfactory ensheathing cell-derived extracellular vesicles: miRNA profile and neuroprotective effect. Curr Neurovasc Res 2021; 18:395-408. [PMID: 34645375 DOI: 10.2174/1567202618666211012162111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicle (EV)-based therapy has been identified as a leading alternative approach in several disease models. EV derived from the olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) has been documented for its strong neuro-regenerative capacity. However, no information on its cargo that may contribute to its therapeutic effect has been available. OBJECTIVE To report the first miRNA profile of human OEC (hOEC) -EV, and investigate the neuroprotective effects. METHODS hOEC-EV was isolated and sequenced. We established in vitro experiments to assess the therapeutic potential of hOEC-EVs with respect to insulted neural progenitor cells (NPCs), and the angiogenesis effect. Secondary post-injury insults were imitated using t-BHP-mediated oxidative stress. RESULTS We noted a strong abundance of hOEC-EV-miRNAs, including hsa-miR148a-3p, has-miR151a-3p and several members of let-7 family. The common targets of 15 miRNAs among the top 20 miRNAs were thrombospondin 1 and cyclin dependent kinase 6. We demonstrated that hOEC-EVs promote normal NPC proliferation and differentiation to neuron-like morphologies with prolonged axons. hOEC-EVs protect cells from t-BHP mediated apoptosis. We also found that the migration rate of either NPCs or endothelial cells significantly improved with hOEC-EVs. Furthermore, in vitro tube formation assays indicated that angiogenesis, an important process for tissue repair, was significantly enhanced in human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to hOEC-EVs. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that hOEC-EVs exert neuroprotective effects by protecting cells from apoptosis and promoting in vitro biological processes that are important to neural tissue repair, including neural cell proliferation, axonal growth, and cell migration, in addition to enhancing angiogenesis. </p>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Kun Tu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, E-Da Hospitall, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung city. Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huan Hsueh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, E-Da Hospitall, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung city. Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chang Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, E-Da Hospitall, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung city. Taiwan
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19
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Kim Y, Roh EJ, Joshi HP, Shin HE, Choi H, Kwon SY, Sohn S, Han I. Bazedoxifene, a Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator, Promotes Functional Recovery in a Spinal Cord Injury Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011012. [PMID: 34681670 PMCID: PMC8537911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In research on various central nervous system injuries, bazedoxifene acetate (BZA) has shown two main effects: neuroprotection by suppressing the inflammatory response and remyelination by enhancing oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and oligodendrocyte proliferation. We examined the effects of BZA in a rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model. Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects were investigated in RAW 264.7 cells, and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) permeability and angiogenesis were evaluated in a human brain endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3). In vivo experiments were carried out on female Sprague Dawley rats subjected to moderate static compression SCI. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with either vehicle or BZA (1mg/kg pre-SCI and 3 mg/kg for 7 days post-SCI) daily. BZA decreased the lipopolysaccharide-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 cells and preserved BSCB disruption in hCMEC/D3 cells. In the rats, BZA reduced caspase-3 activity at 1 day post-injury (dpi) and suppressed phosphorylation of MAPK (p38 and ERK) at dpi 2, hence reducing the expression of IL-6, a proinflammatory cytokine. BZA also led to remyelination at dpi 20. BZA contributed to improvements in locomotor recovery after compressive SCI. This evidence suggests that BZA may have therapeutic potential to promote neuroprotection, remyelination, and functional outcomes following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyoung Kim
- School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Eun Ji Roh
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (E.J.R.); (H.E.S.); (H.C.); (S.Y.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Hari Prasad Joshi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada;
| | - Hae Eun Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (E.J.R.); (H.E.S.); (H.C.); (S.Y.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Hyemin Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (E.J.R.); (H.E.S.); (H.C.); (S.Y.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Su Yeon Kwon
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (E.J.R.); (H.E.S.); (H.C.); (S.Y.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Seil Sohn
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (E.J.R.); (H.E.S.); (H.C.); (S.Y.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Inbo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (E.J.R.); (H.E.S.); (H.C.); (S.Y.K.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Intravenous administration of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells improves outcomes in rats with acute traumatic spinal cord injury. Neuroreport 2021; 31:730-736. [PMID: 32501888 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that intraspinal transplantation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) promotes functional recovery in a rat model of acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). However, whether intravenous transplantation of hAMSCs also has therapeutic benefit remains uncertain. In this study, we assessed whether intravenous transplantation of hAMSCs improves outcomes in rats with acute traumatic SCI. In addition, the potential mechanisms underlying the possible benefits of this therapy were investigated. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to SCI using a weight drop device, and then hAMSCs or PBS were administered after 2 h via the tail vein. Our results indicated that transplanted hAMSCs could migrate to injured spinal cord lesion. Compared with the control group, hAMSCs transplantation significantly decreased the numbers of ED1 macrophages/microglia and caspase-3 cells, and reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 and IL-1β. In addition, hAMSCs transplantation significantly attenuated Evans blue extravasation, promoted angiogenesis and axonal regeneration. hAMSCs transplantation also significantly improved functional recovery. These results suggest that intravenous administration of hAMSCs provides neuroprotective effects in rats after acute SCI, and could be an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of acute SCI.
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21
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Yao C, Cao X, Yu B. Revascularization After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Front Physiol 2021; 12:631500. [PMID: 33995118 PMCID: PMC8119644 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.631500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex pathological process. The initial mechanical damage is followed by a progressive secondary injury cascade. The injury ruptures the local microvasculature and disturbs blood-spinal cord barriers, exacerbating inflammation and tissue damage. Although endogenous angiogenesis is triggered, the new vessels are insufficient and often fail to function normally. Numerous blood vessel interventions, such as proangiogenic factor administration, gene modulation, cell transplantation, biomaterial implantation, and physical stimulation, have been applied as SCI treatments. Here, we briefly describe alterations and effects of the vascular system on local microenvironments after SCI. Therapies targeted at revascularization for SCI are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xuemin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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22
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Liu H, Zhang J, Xu X, Lu S, Yang D, Xie C, Jia M, Zhang W, Jin L, Wang X, Shen X, Li F, Wang W, Bao X, Li S, Zhu M, Wang W, Wang Y, Huang Z, Teng H. SARM1 promotes neuroinflammation and inhibits neural regeneration after spinal cord injury through NF-κB signaling. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4187-4206. [PMID: 33754056 PMCID: PMC7977471 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal degeneration is a common pathological feature in many acute and chronic neurological diseases such as spinal cord injury (SCI). SARM1 (sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1), the fifth TLR (Toll-like receptor) adaptor, has diverse functions in the immune and nervous systems, and recently has been identified as a key mediator of Wallerian degeneration (WD). However, the detailed functions of SARM1 after SCI still remain unclear. Methods: Modified Allen's method was used to establish a contusion model of SCI in mice. Furthermore, to address the function of SARM1 after SCI, conditional knockout (CKO) mice in the central nervous system (CNS), SARM1Nestin-CKO mice, and SARM1GFAP-CKO mice were successfully generated by Nestin-Cre and GFAP-Cre transgenic mice crossed with SARM1flox/flox mice, respectively. Immunostaining, Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining, Nissl staining and behavioral test assays such as footprint and Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) scoring were used to examine the roles of SARM1 pathway in SCI based on these conditional knockout mice. Drugs such as FK866, an inhibitor of SARM1, and apoptozole, an inhibitor of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), were used to further explore the molecular mechanism of SARM1 in neural regeneration after SCI. Results: We found that SARM1 was upregulated in neurons and astrocytes at early stage after SCI. SARM1Nestin-CKO and SARM1GFAP-CKO mice displayed normal development of the spinal cords and motor function. Interestingly, conditional deletion of SARM1 in neurons and astrocytes promoted the functional recovery of behavior performance after SCI. Mechanistically, conditional deletion of SARM1 in neurons and astrocytes promoted neuronal regeneration at intermediate phase after SCI, and reduced neuroinflammation at SCI early phase through downregulation of NF-κB signaling after SCI, which may be due to upregulation of HSP70. Finally, FK866, an inhibitor of SARM1, reduced the neuroinflammation and promoted the neuronal regeneration after SCI. Conclusion: Our results indicate that SARM1-mediated prodegenerative pathway and neuroinflammation promotes the pathological progress of SCI and anti-SARM1 therapeutics are viable and promising approaches for preserving neuronal function after SCI.
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23
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He W, Wei D, Zhang J, Huang X, He D, Liu B, Wang Q, Liu M, Liu L, Liu Y, Tian W. Novel bone repairing scaffold consisting of bone morphogenetic Protein-2 and human Beta Defensin-3. J Biol Eng 2021; 15:5. [PMID: 33557881 PMCID: PMC7871609 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-021-00258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Synthetic biomaterials assist in modulating the vascular response in an injured bone by serving as delivery vehicles of pro-angiogenic molecules to the site of injury or by serving as mimetic platforms which offer support to cell growth and proliferation. Methods This study applied natural phospholipid modified protein technologies together with low temperature three-dimensional printing technology to develop a new model of three-dimensional artificial bone scaffold for potential use in repairing body injuries. The focus was to create a porous structure (PS) scaffold of two components, Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Human Beta Defensin-3 (BMP2 and hBD3), which can synchronously realize directional bone induction, angiogenesis and postoperative antibacterial effects. BMP2 induces osteogenesis, whereas hBD3 is antibacterial. Results Our data showed that in the BMP2-hBD3-PS or hBD3-PS scaffolds, BMP2 had a slow-release rate of about 40% in 30 days, ensuring that BMP2 could penetrate into stem cells for osteogenic differentiation for a long time. The scaffolds promoted cell growth when in combination with BMP2, thus showing its importance in promoting cell growth. Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) staining showed that the ALP content of BMP2-hBD3-PS and BMP2-PS had a significant increase in samples that contained BMP2, thus showing that these scaffolds promoted osteogenic differentiation. In all the constructs that had hBD3, they displayed antibacterial properties with hBD3, having a slow release of about 35% in 30 days, thus ensuring they provided protection. Conclusion Based on this study, the 3D printed BMP2 scaffolds show a great potential for the development of biodegradable bone implants. Level of evidence Level II, experimental comparative design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, 4th Medical College of Peking University, No.31 Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Daixu Wei
- Department of Biomaterials and Microorganisms, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaonan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Da He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, 4th Medical College of Peking University, No.31 Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, 4th Medical College of Peking University, No.31 Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, 4th Medical College of Peking University, No.31 Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, 4th Medical College of Peking University, No.31 Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, 4th Medical College of Peking University, No.31 Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China.
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, 4th Medical College of Peking University, No.31 Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China.
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24
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Alishahi M, Anbiyaiee A, Farzaneh M, Khoshnam SE. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 15:340-348. [PMID: 32178619 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200316164051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), as a devastating and life-altering neurological disorder, is one of the most serious health issues. Currently, the management of acute SCI includes pharmacotherapy and surgical decompression. Both the approaches have been observed to have adverse physiological effects on SCI patients. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets for the management of SCI are urgently required for developing cell-based therapies. Multipotent stem cells, as a novel strategy for the treatment of tissue injury, may provide an effective therapeutic option against many neurological disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or multipotent stromal cells can typically self-renew and generate various cell types. These cells are often isolated from bone marrow (BM-MSCs), adipose tissues (AD-MSCs), umbilical cord blood (UCB-MSCs), and placenta (PMSCs). MSCs have remarkable potential for the development of regenerative therapies in animal models and humans with SCI. Herein, we summarize the therapeutic potential of human MSCs in the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Alishahi
- Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Anbiyaiee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed E Khoshnam
- Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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25
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Jones I, Novikova LN, Wiberg M, Carlsson L, Novikov LN. Human Embryonic Stem Cell-derived Neural Crest Cells Promote Sprouting and Motor Recovery Following Spinal Cord Injury in Adult Rats. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:963689720988245. [PMID: 33522309 PMCID: PMC7863557 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720988245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury results in irreversible tissue damage and permanent sensorimotor impairment. The development of novel therapeutic strategies that improve the life quality of affected individuals is therefore of paramount importance. Cell transplantation is a promising approach for spinal cord injury treatment and the present study assesses the efficacy of human embryonic stem cell–derived neural crest cells as preclinical cell-based therapy candidates. The differentiated neural crest cells exhibited characteristic molecular signatures and produced a range of biologically active trophic factors that stimulated in vitro neurite outgrowth of rat primary dorsal root ganglia neurons. Transplantation of the neural crest cells into both acute and chronic rat cervical spinal cord injury models promoted remodeling of descending raphespinal projections and contributed to the partial recovery of forelimb motor function. The results achieved in this proof-of-concept study demonstrates that human embryonic stem cell–derived neural crest cells warrant further investigation as cell-based therapy candidates for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwan Jones
- 59588Umeå Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Mikael Wiberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Section of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Leif Carlsson
- 59588Umeå Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lev N Novikov
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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26
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Okada T, Suzuki H, Travis ZD, Zhang JH. The Stroke-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption: Current Progress of Inspection Technique, Mechanism, and Therapeutic Target. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:1187-1212. [PMID: 32484111 PMCID: PMC7770643 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200528143301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a characteristic structure of microvessel within the brain. Under normal physiological conditions, the BBB plays a role in the prevention of harmful substances entering into the brain parenchyma within the central nervous system. However, stroke stimuli induce the breakdown of BBB leading to the influx of cytotoxic substances, vasogenic brain edema, and hemorrhagic transformation. Therefore, BBB disruption is a major complication, which needs to be addressed in order to improve clinical outcomes in stroke. In this review, we first discuss the structure and function of the BBB. Next, we discuss the progress of the techniques utilized to study BBB breakdown in in-vitro and in-vivo studies, along with biomarkers and imaging techniques in clinical settings. Lastly, we highlight the mechanisms of stroke-induced neuroinflammation and apoptotic process of endothelial cells causing BBB breakdown, and the potential therapeutic targets to protect BBB integrity after stroke. Secondary products arising from stroke-induced tissue damage provide transformation of myeloid cells such as microglia and macrophages to pro-inflammatory phenotype followed by further BBB disruption via neuroinflammation and apoptosis of endothelial cells. In contrast, these myeloid cells are also polarized to anti-inflammatory phenotype, repairing compromised BBB. Therefore, therapeutic strategies to induce anti-inflammatory phenotypes of the myeloid cells may protect BBB in order to improve clinical outcomes of stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Okada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA, Risley Hall, Room 219,
11041 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Zachary D Travis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA, Risley Hall, Room 219,
11041 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA,Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA , Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA, Risley Hall, Room 219,
11041 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA,Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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27
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Progress in Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:2853650. [PMID: 33204276 PMCID: PMC7661146 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2853650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the serious neurological diseases that occur in young people with high morbidity and disability. However, there is still a lack of effective treatments for it. Stem cell (SC) treatment of SCI has gradually become a new research hotspot over the past decades. This article is aimed at reviewing the research progress of SC therapy for SCI. Methods Review the literature and summarize the effects, strategies, related mechanisms, safety, and clinical application of different SC types and new approaches in combination with SC in SCI treatment. Results A large number of studies have focused on SC therapy for SCI, most of which showed good effects. The common SC types for SCI treatment include mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The modes of treatment include in vivo and in vitro induction. The pathways of transplantation consist of intravenous, transarterial, nasal, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, and intramedullary injections. Most of the SC treatments for SCI use a number of cells ranging from tens of thousands to millions. Early or late SC administration, application of immunosuppressant or not are still controversies. Potential mechanisms of SC therapy include tissue repair and replacement, neurotrophy, and regeneration and promotion of angiogenesis, antiapoptosis, and anti-inflammatory. Common safety issues include thrombosis and embolism, tumorigenicity and instability, infection, high fever, and even death. Recently, some new approaches, such as the pharmacological activation of endogenous SCs, biomaterials, 3D print, and optogenetics, have been also developed, which greatly improved the application of SC therapy for SCI. Conclusion Most studies support the effects of SC therapy on SCI, while a few studies do not. The cell types, mechanisms, and strategies of SC therapy for SCI are very different among studies. In addition, the safety cannot be ignored, and more clinical trials are required. The application of new technology will promote SC therapy of SCI.
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28
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Xu ZX, Zhang LQ, Zhou YN, Chen XM, Xu WH. Histological and functional outcomes in a rat model of hemisected spinal cord with sustained VEGF/NT-3 release from tissue-engineered grafts. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 48:362-376. [PMID: 31899965 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1709860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular disturbance, excessive inflammation and gliosis are key pathophysiologic changes in relation to functional status following the traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Continuous release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to the lesion site was proved be able to promote the vascular remodelling, whereas the effects on reduction of inflammation and gliosis remain unclear. Currently, aiming at exploring the synergistic roles of VEGF and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) on angiogenesis, anti-inflammation and neural repair, we developed a technique to co-deliver VEGF165 and NT-3 locally with a homotopic graft of tissue-engineered acellular spinal cord scaffold (ASCS) in a hemisected (3 mm in length) SCI model. As the potential in secretion of growth factors (GFs), bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were introduced with the aim to enhance the VEGF/NT-3 release. Our data demonstrate that sustained VEGF/NT-3 release from ASCS significantly increases the local levels of VEGF/NT-3 and angiogenesis, regardless of whether it is in combination with BMSCs transplantation that exhibits positive effects on anti-inflammation, axonal outgrowth and locomotor recovery. This study verifies that co-delivery of VEGF/NT-3 reduces inflammation and gliosis in the hemisected spinal cord, promotes axonal outgrowth and results in better locomotor recovery, while the BMSCs transplantation facilitates these functions limitedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xing Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li-Qun Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Nan Zhou
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Min Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Hong Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
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29
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Rocha LA, Gomes ED, Afonso JL, Granja S, Baltazar F, Silva NA, Shoichet MS, Sousa RA, Learmonth DA, Salgado AJ. In vitro Evaluation of ASCs and HUVECs Co-cultures in 3D Biodegradable Hydrogels on Neurite Outgrowth and Vascular Organization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:489. [PMID: 32612997 PMCID: PMC7308435 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular disruption following spinal cord injury (SCI) decisively contributes to the poor functional recovery prognosis facing patients with the condition. Using a previously developed gellan gum hydrogel to which the adhesion motif GRGDS was grafted (GG-GRGDS), this work aimed to understand the ability of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to impact vascular organization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and how this in turn affects neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explants. Our data shows that culturing these cells together lead to a synergistic effect as showed by increased stimulation of neuritogenesis on DRG. Importantly, HUVECs were only able to assemble into vascular-like structures when cultured in the presence of ASCs, which shows the capacity of these cells in reorganizing the vascular milieu. Analysis of selected neuroregulatory molecules showed that the co-culture upregulated the secretion of several neurotrophic factors. On the other hand, ASCs, and ASCs + HUVECs presented a similar profile regarding the presence of angiotrophic molecules herein analyzed. Finally, the implantation of GG-GRGDS hydrogels encapsulating ASCs in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) lead to increases in vascular recruitment toward the hydrogels in comparison to GG-GRGDS alone. This indicates that the combination of ASCs with GG-GRGDS hydrogels could promote re-vascularization in trauma-related injuries in the central nervous system and thus control disease progression and induce functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís A Rocha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimaraes, Portugal.,Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA, Barco, Portugal
| | - Eduardo D Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - João L Afonso
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Sara Granja
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Fatima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Nuno A Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Molly S Shoichet
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rui A Sousa
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA, Barco, Portugal
| | - David A Learmonth
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA, Barco, Portugal
| | - Antonio J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimaraes, Portugal
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30
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Tang G, Chen Y, Chen J, Chen Z, Jiang W. Deferoxamine Ameliorates Compressed Spinal Cord Injury by Promoting Neovascularization in Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1437-1444. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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A simplified aortic ring assay: A useful ex vivo method to assess biochemical and functional parameters of angiogenesis. Matrix Biol Plus 2020; 6-7:100025. [PMID: 33543023 PMCID: PMC7852198 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a simplified method for conducting aortic ring assays which yields robust sprouting and high reproducibility targeted towards matrix biologists studying angiogenesis and extracellular matrix signaling. Main adjustments from previously established protocols include embedding aortic rings between two layers of 3D type I collagen matrix and supplementing with vascular endothelial media. We also introduce a concise and effective staining protocol for obtaining high-resolution images of intracellular and extracellular matrix proteins along with a more accurate protocol to quantify angiogenesis. Importantly, we present a novel method to perform biochemical analyses of vessel sprouting without contamination from the aortic ring itself. Overall, our refined method enables detection of low abundance and phosphorylated proteins and provides a straightforward ex vivo angiogenic assay that can be easily reproduced by those in the matrix biology field. We report a simplified ex vivo aortic ring assay with enhanced sprouting. We use a two-layered 3D collagen matrix to encapsulate aortic rings. We obtain high-resolution images of intracellular and extracellular matrix proteins. We achieve reproducible biochemical and immunological analyses of aortic rings.
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Key Words
- Aortic rings
- Collagen
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidine-2′-phenylindole dihydrochloride
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Endothelial cell markers
- Extracellular matrix
- HA, hyaluronan
- HABP, HA-binding protein
- Hyaluronan binding protein
- IB4, Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PERK, protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- RIPA buffer, radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer
- Sprouts
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Sala-Jarque J, Mesquida-Veny F, Badiola-Mateos M, Samitier J, Hervera A, del Río JA. Neuromuscular Activity Induces Paracrine Signaling and Triggers Axonal Regrowth after Injury in Microfluidic Lab-On-Chip Devices. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020302. [PMID: 32012727 PMCID: PMC7072511 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries, including motor neuron axonal injury, often lead to functional impairments. Current therapies are mostly limited to surgical intervention after lesion, yet these interventions have limited success in restoring functionality. Current activity-based therapies after axonal injuries are based on trial-error approaches in which the details of the underlying cellular and molecular processes are largely unknown. Here we show the effects of the modulation of both neuronal and muscular activity with optogenetic approaches to assess the regenerative capacity of cultured motor neuron (MN) after lesion in a compartmentalized microfluidic-assisted axotomy device. With increased neuronal activity, we observed an increase in the ratio of regrowing axons after injury in our peripheral-injury model. Moreover, increasing muscular activity induces the liberation of leukemia inhibitory factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in a paracrine fashion that in turn triggers axonal regrowth of lesioned MN in our 3D hydrogel cultures. The relevance of our findings as well as the novel approaches used in this study could be useful not only after axotomy events but also in diseases affecting MN survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sala-Jarque
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.S.-J.); (F.M.-V.); (M.B.-M.); (J.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francina Mesquida-Veny
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.S.-J.); (F.M.-V.); (M.B.-M.); (J.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maider Badiola-Mateos
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.S.-J.); (F.M.-V.); (M.B.-M.); (J.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBERBBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Samitier
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.S.-J.); (F.M.-V.); (M.B.-M.); (J.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBERBBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Hervera
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.S.-J.); (F.M.-V.); (M.B.-M.); (J.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (J.A.d.R.)
| | - José Antonio del Río
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.S.-J.); (F.M.-V.); (M.B.-M.); (J.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (J.A.d.R.)
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Decellularized brain matrix enhances macrophage polarization and functional improvements in rat spinal cord injury. Acta Biomater 2020; 101:357-371. [PMID: 31711898 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating lesion lacking effective treatment options currently available in clinics. The inflammatory process exacerbates the extent of the lesion through a secondary injury mechanism, where proinflammatory classically activated macrophages (M1) are prevalent at the lesion site. However, the polarized alternatively activated anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2) are known to play an important role in wound healing and regeneration following SCI. Herein, we introduce porcine brain decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) to modulate the macrophages in the injured spinal cord. The hydrogels with collagen and dECM at various dECM concentrations (1, 5, and 8 mg/ml) were used to cultivate primary macrophages and neurons. The dECM hydrogels were shown to promote the polarization of macrophages toward M2 phase and the neurite outgrowth of cortical and hippocampal neurons. When the dECM hydrogels were applied to rat SCI models, the proportion of M1 and M2 macrophages in the injured spinal cord was substantially altered. When received dECM concetration of 5 mg/ml, the expression of molecules associated with M2 (CD206, arginase1, and IL-10) was significantly increased. Consistently, the population of total macrophages and cavity area were substantially reduced in the dECM-treated groups. As a result, the locomotor functions of injured spinal cord, as assessed by BBB and ladder scoring, were significantly improved. Collectively, the porcine brain dECM with optimal concentration promotes functional recovery in SCI models through the activation of M2 macrophages, suggesting the promising use of the engineered hydrogels in the treatment of acute SCI. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating lesion, lacking effective treatment options currently available in clinics. Here we delineated that the treatment of injured spinal cord with porcine brain decellularized matrix-based hydrogels for the first time, and could modulate the macrophage polarization and the ultimate functional recovery. When appropriate formulations were applied to a contused spinal cord model in rats, the decellularized matrix hydrogels shifted the macrophages to polarize to pro-regenerative M2 phenotype, decreased the size of lesion cavity, and finally promoted the locomotor functions until 8 weeks following the injury. We consider this work can significantly augment the matrix(biomaterial)-based therapeutic options, as an alternative to drug or cell-free approaches, for the treatment of acute injury of spinal cord.
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Drobnik J, Pietrucha K, Janczar K, Polis L, Polis B, Safandowska M, Szymański J. Intra-cerebral implantation of a variety of collagenous scaffolds with nervous embryonic cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4758-4764. [PMID: 31772645 PMCID: PMC6862020 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagenous scaffolds provide good conditions for embryonic nerve cell growth. The aim of the current study was to assess the brains reaction to the implantation of 3D sponge-shaped scaffolds. These scaffolds consisted of collagen (Col) and Col with chondroitin sulphate, which is modified by carbodiimide, or Col crosslinked with dialdehyde cellulose. The current study also evaluated the expression of integrins α2 and β1 in embryonic nerve cells. Embryonic nerve cells were isolated from the brains of rat embryos. Acellular scaffolds, or scaffolds populated with embryonic nerve cells, were implanted into the rats brain. The fibers of all the implanted scaffolds remained intact and served as a template for cell infiltration. The implants induced minimal to moderate inflammatory responses and minimal glial scar formations. Immunohistochemical studies did not indicate any microtubule-associated protein 2 or glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells inside the scaffolds. Acellular and cell-populated scaffolds yielded similar responses in the brain. The expression of integrin α2 and β1 was observed in embryonic nervous cells. TC-I15, the integrin α2β1 inhibitor, was not demonstrated to modify cell entrapment within the collagenous scaffolds. All applied scaffolds were well tolerated by the tissue and were indicated to support blood vessel formation. Therefore, all tested biomaterials are recommended for further studies. Additional chemical modifications of the material are suggested to protect the seeded cells from apoptosis after implantation into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Drobnik
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue Metabolism, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pietrucha
- Department of Material and Commodity Sciences and Textile Metrology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Janczar
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Lech Polis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Polis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Safandowska
- Department of Material and Commodity Sciences and Textile Metrology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Szymański
- Central Scientific Laboratory, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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Yu B, Yao C, Wang Y, Mao S, Wang Y, Wu R, Feng W, Chen Y, Yang J, Xue C, Liu D, Ding F, Gu X. The Landscape of Gene Expression and Molecular Regulation Following Spinal Cord Hemisection in Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:287. [PMID: 31824262 PMCID: PMC6883948 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a challenging clinical problem worldwide. The cellular state and molecular expression in spinal cord tissue after injury are extremely complex and closely related to functional recovery. However, the spatial and temporal changes of gene expression and regulation in various cell types after SCI are still unclear. Here, we collected the rostral and caudal regions to the lesion at 11 time points over a period of 28 days after rat hemisection SCI. Combining whole-transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between spinal cord tissue from injured and sham-operated animals. Significantly altered biological processes were enriched from DEGs in astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, immune cells, and vascular systems after SCI. We then identified dynamic trends in these processes using the average expression profiles of DEGs. Gene expression and regulatory networks for selected biological processes were also constructed to illustrate the complicate difference between rostral and caudal tissues. Finally, we validated the expressions of some key genes from these networks, including α-synuclein, heme oxygenase 1, bone morphogenetic protein 2, activating transcription factor 3, and leukemia inhibitory factor. Collectively, we provided a comprehensive network of gene expression and regulation to shed light on the molecular characteristics of critical biological processes that occur after SCI, which will broaden the understanding of SCI and facilitate clinical therapeutics for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Susu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yaxian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ronghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chengbin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Wang K, Li M, Jin L, Deng C, Chen Z, Chen H, Han Y, Qian L, Li X, Shen H. Retracted Article: Melatonin protects spinal cord injury by up-regulating IGFBP3 through the improvement of microcirculation in a rat model. RSC Adv 2019; 9:32072-32080. [PMID: 35530801 PMCID: PMC9072846 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04591k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at the investigation of the effects of melatonin on spinal cord injury (SCI) and the role of IGFBP3 in SCI both in vivo and in vitro. The rats received treatment with 100 mg kg-1 melatonin or both melatonin and pGenesil-1-si-IGFBP3 (50 µg per g bw) after SCI surgery. The motor function in rats was measured using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scale score; perfusion vessel area was determined by injecting FITC-conjugated lycopersicon esculentum agglutinin lectin (FITC-LEA), whereas the blood-spinal cord barrier permeability was measured using Evans blue. The pericytes were isolated, and the cells were cultured under hypoxia, treated with melatonin or transfected with si-IGFBP3. RT-qPCR and western blotting were conducted for the determination of IGFBP3, VEGF, MMP-2, ICAM-1 and Ang1. The expression of IGFBP3 was significantly down-regulated in the SCI rats, and melatonin significantly enhanced the IGFBP3 level. Melatonin improved the motor function, reduced the neuron injury, and improved the microcirculation in rats. However, the down-regulation of IGFBP3 significantly reversed these effects. Moreover, in both the SCI rat spinal cord tissues and the in vitro pericytes under hypoxia, the expressions of IGFBP3 and Ang1 were significantly down-regulated, whereas those of the proteins MMP-2, VEGF and ICAM-1 were significantly up-regulated, and melatonin dramatically inhibited these changes. Melatonin could protect the rats from SCI by improving the microcirculation through the up-regulation of IGFBP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 160 Pujian Rd. Shanghai 200127 China +86-21-68383536 +86-21-68383536
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai 200090 China
| | - Linyu Jin
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 160 Pujian Rd. Shanghai 200127 China +86-21-68383536 +86-21-68383536
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 160 Pujian Rd. Shanghai 200127 China +86-21-68383536 +86-21-68383536
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 160 Pujian Rd. Shanghai 200127 China +86-21-68383536 +86-21-68383536
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 160 Pujian Rd. Shanghai 200127 China +86-21-68383536 +86-21-68383536
| | - Yingchao Han
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 160 Pujian Rd. Shanghai 200127 China +86-21-68383536 +86-21-68383536
| | - Lie Qian
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 160 Pujian Rd. Shanghai 200127 China +86-21-68383536 +86-21-68383536
| | - Xinfeng Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 160 Pujian Rd. Shanghai 200127 China +86-21-68383536 +86-21-68383536
| | - Hongxing Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 160 Pujian Rd. Shanghai 200127 China +86-21-68383536 +86-21-68383536
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Guo S, Perets N, Betzer O, Ben-Shaul S, Sheinin A, Michaelevski I, Popovtzer R, Offen D, Levenberg S. Intranasal Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes Loaded with Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog siRNA Repairs Complete Spinal Cord Injury. ACS NANO 2019; 13:10015-10028. [PMID: 31454225 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) usually suffer from permanent neurological deficits, while spontaneous recovery and therapeutic efficacy are limited. Here, we demonstrate that when given intranasally, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exo) could pass the blood brain barrier and migrate to the injured spinal cord area. Furthermore, MSC-Exo loaded with phosphatase and tensin homolog small interfering RNA (ExoPTEN) could attenuate the expression of PTEN in the injured spinal cord region following intranasal administrations. In addition, the loaded MSC-Exo considerably enhanced axonal growth and neovascularization, while reducing microgliosis and astrogliosis. The intranasal ExoPTEN therapy could also partly improve structural and electrophysiological function and, most importantly, significantly elicited functional recovery in rats with complete SCI. The results imply that intranasal ExoPTEN may be used clinically to promote recovery for SCI individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003 , Israel
- The First Affiliated Hospital , Shantou University Medical College , Shantou 515041 , China
| | | | - Oshra Betzer
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat Gan 5290002 , Israel
| | - Shahar Ben-Shaul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003 , Israel
| | | | - Izhak Michaelevski
- Department of Molecular Biology , Ariel University , Ariel 40700 , Israel
| | - Rachela Popovtzer
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat Gan 5290002 , Israel
| | | | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003 , Israel
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Zhang Q, Shi B, Ding J, Yan L, Thawani JP, Fu C, Chen X. Polymer scaffolds facilitate spinal cord injury repair. Acta Biomater 2019; 88:57-77. [PMID: 30710714 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During the past decades, improving patient neurological recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI) has remained a challenge. An effective treatment for SCI would not only reduce fractured elements and isolate developing local glial scars to promote axonal regeneration but also ameliorate secondary effects, including inflammation, apoptosis, and necrosis. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds provide a platform in which these mechanisms can be addressed in a controlled manner. Polymer scaffolds with favorable biocompatibility and appropriate mechanical properties have been engineered to minimize cicatrization, customize drug release, and ensure an unobstructed space to promote cell growth and differentiation. These properties make polymer scaffolds an important potential therapeutic platform. This review highlights the recent developments in polymer scaffolds for SCI engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: How to improve the efficacy of neurological recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) is always a challenge. Tissue engineering provides a promising strategy for SCI repair, and scaffolds are one of the most important elements in addition to cells and inducing factors. The review highlights recent development and future prospects in polymer scaffolds for SCI therapy. The review will guide future studies by outlining the requirements and characteristics of polymer scaffold technologies employed against SCI. Additionally, the peculiar properties of polymer materials used in the therapeutic process of SCI also have guiding significance to other tissue engineering approaches.
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Zhou H, Wei M, Lu L, Chu T, Li X, Fu Z, Liu J, Kang Y, Liu L, Lou Y, Zhang C, Gao Y, Kong X, Feng S. Angiopoietin-2 induces the neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic NSCs via phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-Akt pathway-mediated phosphorylation of mTOR. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:1895-1907. [PMID: 30972213 PMCID: PMC6456538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The fate of neural stem cells (NSCs) is decided by numerous growth factors. Among these factors, the well-known angiogenic factor angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) has been revealed to participate in neurogenesis separate from its role in angiogenesis. However, the effect of Ang-2 on the fate determination of mouse embryonic NSCs and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. This result of this study indicated that treatment of mouse embryonic NSCs with 200 ng/ml Ang-2 significantly promoted neuronal differentiation without affecting glial differentiation, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was phosphorylated in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt-dependent manner during this process. Rapamycin, a specific mTOR inhibitor, suppressed the increase in neuronal differentiation stimulated by Ang-2, and this suppression did not result from an effect of Ang-2 or rapamycin on the apoptosis of differentiated NSCs. Collectively, our research demonstrates that PI3K/Akt pathway-mediated mTOR phosphorylation plays an important role in the Ang-2-enhanced neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxing Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalNo. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in The Central Nervous System, Ministry of EducationTianjin City, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Meng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Immuno Microenvironment and Disease of The Educational Ministry of China, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical UniversityNo. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalNo. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in The Central Nervous System, Ministry of EducationTianjin City, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Tianci Chu
- Kosair Children’s Hospital Research Institute at The Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Xueying Li
- Key Laboratory of Immuno Microenvironment and Disease of The Educational Ministry of China, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical UniversityNo. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Immuno Microenvironment and Disease of The Educational Ministry of China, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical UniversityNo. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalNo. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in The Central Nervous System, Ministry of EducationTianjin City, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalNo. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in The Central Nervous System, Ministry of EducationTianjin City, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalNo. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in The Central Nervous System, Ministry of EducationTianjin City, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Yongfu Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalNo. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in The Central Nervous System, Ministry of EducationTianjin City, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalNo. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in The Central Nervous System, Ministry of EducationTianjin City, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Province People’s HospitalZhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- School of Medicine, Nankai UniversityNo. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalNo. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in The Central Nervous System, Ministry of EducationTianjin City, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China
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Li M, Wang Y, Zhang J, Cao Z, Wang S, Zheng W, Li Q, Zheng T, Wang X, Xu Q, Chen Z. Culture of pyramidal neural precursors, neural stem cells, and fibroblasts on various biomaterials. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2018; 29:2168-2186. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2018.1528520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Li
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jidi Zhang
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqi Zheng
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biomimetic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qunyuan Xu
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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41
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Reis KP, Sperling LE, Teixeira C, Paim Á, Alcântara B, Vizcay-Barrena G, Fleck RA, Pranke P. Application of PLGA/FGF-2 coaxial microfibers in spinal cord tissue engineering: an in vitro and in vivo investigation. Regen Med 2018; 13:785-801. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Scaffolds are a promising approach for spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment. FGF-2 is involved in tissue repair but is easily degradable and presents collateral effects in systemic administration. In order to address the stability issue and avoid the systemic effects, FGF-2 was encapsulated into core–shell microfibers by coaxial electrospinning and its in vitro and in vivo potential were studied. Materials & methods: The fibers were characterized by physicochemical and biological parameters. The scaffolds were implanted in a hemisection SCI rat model. Locomotor test was performed weekly for 6 weeks. After this time, histological analyses were performed and expression of nestin and GFAP was quantified by flow cytometry. Results: Electrospinning resulted in uniform microfibers with a core–shell structure, with a sustained liberation of FGF-2 from the fibers. The fibers supported PC12 cells adhesion and proliferation. Implanted scaffolds into SCI promoted locomotor recovery at 28 days after injury and reduced GFAP expression. Conclusion: These results indicate the potential of these microfibers in SCI tissue engineering. [Formula: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina P Reis
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Fundamental Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Laura E Sperling
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Fundamental Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Cristian Teixeira
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Fundamental Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Ágata Paim
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Fundamental Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Bruno Alcântara
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Fundamental Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Gema Vizcay-Barrena
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King’s College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Roland A Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King’s College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Patricia Pranke
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Fundamental Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
- Stem Cell Research Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90020-10, Brazil
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42
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Guo J, Wang H, Li L, Yuan Y, Shi X, Hou S. Treatment with IL-19 improves locomotor functional recovery after contusion trauma to the spinal cord. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2611-2621. [PMID: 29500933 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE IL-19 skews the immune response towards a Th2 type and appears to stimulate angiogenesis. In the current study, we tested if IL-19 treatment could reduce secondary injury and improve functional recovery after contusion spinal cord injury (SCI). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Firstly, mice were given a moderate-severe thoracic SCI at the T9-10 level and expression of IL-19 and its receptor was measured in the injured spinal cord. Then SCI mice were treated with mouse recombinant IL-19 and its blocking antibody to investigate the therapeutic effect of IL-19. KEY RESULTS Protein expression of IL-19 and its receptor IL-20R1 and IL-20R2 was up-regulated in the injured spinal cord of mice. IL-19 treatment promoted the recovery of locomotor function dose-dependently and reduced loss of motor neurons and microglial and glial activation following SCI. Treatment of SCI mice with IL-19 attenuated macrophage accumulation, reduced protein levels of TNF-α and CCL2 and promoted Th2 response and M2 macrophage activation in the injured region. Treatment of SCI mice with IL-19 promoted angiogenesis through up-regulating VEGF in the injured region. Treatment of SCI mice with IL-19 up-regulated HO-1 expression and decreased oxidative stress in the injured region. The beneficial effect of IL-19 was abolished by coadministration of the blocking antibody. Additionally, IL-19 deficiency in mice delayed the recovery of locomotor function following SCI. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS IL-19 treatment reduced secondary injuries and improved locomotor functional recovery after contusion SCI, through diverse mechanisms including immune cell polarization, angiogenesis and anti-oxidative responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Guo
- Institute of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of CPLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of CPLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of CPLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Yuan
- Institute of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of CPLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuxiu Shi
- Institute of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of CPLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxun Hou
- Institute of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of CPLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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43
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Haggerty AE, Maldonado-Lasunción I, Oudega M. Biomaterials for revascularization and immunomodulation after spinal cord injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:044105. [PMID: 29359704 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aaa9d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes immediate damage to the nervous tissue accompanied by loss of motor and sensory function. The limited self-repair competence of injured nervous tissue underscores the need for reparative interventions to recover function after SCI. The vasculature of the spinal cord plays a crucial role in SCI and repair. Ruptured and sheared blood vessels in the injury epicenter and blood vessels with a breached blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) in the surrounding tissue cause bleeding and inflammation, which contribute to the overall tissue damage. The insufficient formation of new functional vasculature in and near the injury impedes endogenous tissue repair and limits the prospect of repair approaches. Limiting the loss of blood vessels, stabilizing the BSCB, and promoting the formation of new blood vessels are therapeutic targets for spinal cord repair. Inflammation is an integral part of injury-mediated vascular damage, which has deleterious and reparative consequences. Inflammation and the formation of new blood vessels are intricately interwoven. Biomaterials can be effectively used for promoting and guiding blood vessel formation or modulating the inflammatory response after SCI, thereby governing the extent of damage and the success of reparative interventions. This review deals with the vasculature after SCI, the reciprocal interactions between inflammation and blood vessel formation, and the potential of biomaterials to support revascularization and immunomodulation in damaged spinal cord nervous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes E Haggerty
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
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44
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Li G, Che MT, Zeng X, Qiu XC, Feng B, Lai BQ, Shen HY, Ling EA, Zeng YS. Neurotrophin-3 released from implant of tissue-engineered fibroin scaffolds inhibits inflammation, enhances nerve fiber regeneration, and improves motor function in canine spinal cord injury. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:2158-2170. [PMID: 29577604 PMCID: PMC6055812 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) normally results in cell death, scarring, cavitation, inhibitory molecules release, etc., which are regarded as a huge obstacle to reconnect the injured neuronal circuits because of the lack of effective stimulus. In this study, a functional gelatin sponge scaffold was used to inhibit local inflammation, enhance nerve fiber regeneration, and improve neural conduction in the canine. This scaffold had good porosity and modified with neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3)/fibroin complex, which showed sustained release in vitro. After the scaffold was transplanted into canine spinal cord hemisection model, hindlimb movement, and neural conduction were improved evidently. Migrating host cells, newly formed neurons with associated synaptic structures together with functional blood vessels with intact endothelium in the regenerating tissue were identified. Taken together, the results demonstrated that using bioactive scaffold could establish effective microenvironment stimuli for endogenous regeneration, providing a potential and practical strategy for treatment of spinal cord injury. © 2018 The Authors Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2158‐2170, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Li
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ming-Tian Che
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xue-Cheng Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bi-Qin Lai
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hui-Yong Shen
- Institute of Spinal Cord Injury, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Eng-Ang Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Yuan-Shan Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Institute of Spinal Cord Injury, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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45
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Chen NF, Sung CS, Wen ZH, Chen CH, Feng CW, Hung HC, Yang SN, Tsui KH, Chen WF. Therapeutic Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Rat Spinal Cord Injuries. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:252. [PMID: 29740270 PMCID: PMC5924817 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is prepared by centrifuging fresh blood in an anticoagulant state, and harvesting the platelet-rich portion or condensing platelets. Studies have consistently demonstrated that PRP concentrates are an abundant source of growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and epithelial growth factor (EGF). The complex mechanisms underlying spinal cord injury (SCI) diminish intrinsic repair and neuronal regeneration. Several studies have suggested that growth factor-promoted axonal regeneration can occur for an extended period after injury. More importantly, the delivery of exogenous growth factors contained in PRP, such as EGF, IGF-1, and TGF-β, has neurotrophic effects on central nervous system (CNS) injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. However, only a few studies have investigated the effects of PRP on CNS injuries or neurodegenerative diseases. According to our review of relevant literature, no study has investigated the effect of intrathecal (i.t.) PRP injection into the injured spinal cord and activation of intrinsic mechanisms. In the present study, we directly injected i.t. PRP into rat spinal cords and examined the effects of PRP on normal and injured spinal cords. In rats with normal spinal cords, PRP induced microglia and astrocyte activation and PDGF-B and ICAM-1 expression. In rats with SCIs, i.t. PRP enhanced the locomotor recovery and spared white matter, promoted angiogenesis and neuronal regeneration, and modulated blood vessel size. Furthermore, a sustained treatment (a bolus of PRP followed by a 1/3 dose of initial PRP concentration) exerted more favorable therapeutic effects than a single dose of PRP. Our findings suggest by i.t. PRP stimulate angiogenesis, enhancing neuronal regeneration after SCI in rats. Although PRP induces minor inflammation in normal and injured spinal cords, it has many advantages. It is an autologous, biocompatible, nontoxic material that does not result in a major immune response. In addition, based on its safety and ease of preparation, we hypothesize that PRP is a promising therapeutic agent for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Fu Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Sung Sung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Feng
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chun Hung
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - San-Nan Yang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hao Tsui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Fu Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Fujian, China
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46
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Rocha LA, Sousa RA, Learmonth DA, Salgado AJ. The Role of Biomaterials as Angiogenic Modulators of Spinal Cord Injury: Mimetics of the Spinal Cord, Cell and Angiogenic Factor Delivery Agents. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:164. [PMID: 29535633 PMCID: PMC5835322 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents an extremely debilitating condition for which no efficacious treatment is available. One of the main contributors to the inhospitable environment found in SCI is the vascular disruption that happens at the moment of injury that compromises the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) and triggers a cascade of events that includes infiltration of inflammatory cells, ischemia and intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Due to the unsatisfactory nature of revascularization following SCI, restoring vascular perfusion and the BSCB seems an interesting way of modulating the lesion environment into a regenerative phenotype, with a potential increase in functional recovery. Certain biomaterials possess interesting features to enhance SCI therapies, and in fact have been applied as angiogenic promoters in other pathologies. The present mini-review intends to highlight the contribution that biomaterials could make in the development of novel therapeutic solutions able to restore proper vascularization and the BSCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís A. Rocha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA, Barco, Portugal
| | - Rui A. Sousa
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA, Barco, Portugal
| | | | - António J. Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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47
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Ham TR, Leipzig ND. Biomaterial strategies for limiting the impact of secondary events following spinal cord injury. Biomed Mater 2018; 13:024105. [PMID: 29155409 PMCID: PMC5824690 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa9bbb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The nature of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) often involves limited recovery and long-term quality of life complications. The initial injury sets off a variety of secondary cascades, which result in an expanded lesion area. Ultimately, the native tissue fails to regenerate. As treatments are developed in the laboratory, the management of this secondary cascade is an important first step in achieving recovery of normal function. Current literature identifies four broad targets for intervention: inflammation, oxidative stress, disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier, and formation of an inhibitory glial scar. Because of the complex and interconnected nature of these events, strategies that combine multiple therapies together show much promise. Specifically, approaches that rely on biomaterials to perform a variety of functions are generating intense research interest. In this review, we examine each target and discuss how biomaterials are currently used to address them. Overall, we show that there are an impressive amount of biomaterials and combinatorial treatments which show good promise for slowing secondary events and improving outcomes. If more emphasis is placed on growing our understanding of how materials can manage secondary events, treatments for SCI can be designed in an increasingly rational manner, ultimately improving their potential for translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor R Ham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Auburn Science and Engineering Center 275, West Tower, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3908, United States of America
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48
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Suffritti C, Tobaldini E, Schiavon R, Strada S, Maggioni L, Mehta S, Sandrone G, Toschi-Dias E, Cicardi M, Montano N. Complement and contact system activation in acute congestive heart failure patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 190:251-257. [PMID: 28707730 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent experimental data indicate a pathogenic role of complement activation in congestive heart failure (CHF). The aim of this study was to evaluate contact and complement systems activation in patients hospitalized for an acute episode of CHF. Forty-two of 80 consecutive patients admitted at our hospital with confirmed diagnosis of acute CHF were enrolled. They underwent blood sampling within 24 h from admission (T0) and at clinical stability (T1). Patients were stratified for ejection fraction (EF) based on echocardiographic test. We measured plasma levels of C3, C4, sC5b-9 and cleaved high molecular weight kininogen (contact activation marker). At T1, C3 levels increased significantly compared to T0 (97 ± 2 versus 104 ± 3% of total pooled plasma, P < 0·01). Classifying patients according to EF, only patients with preserved EF presented a significant increase of C3 from T0 to T1 (99 ± 3 versus 108 ± 4%, P = 0·03). When the sample was stratified according to clinical outcome, C3 (98 ± 3 versus 104 ± 4%, P = 0·03) and sC5b-9 levels (204 ± 10 versus 230 ± 11 ng/ml, P = 0·03) were increased in patients who had positive outcome after hospitalization. CHF patients with preserved EF and positive outcome after hospitalization showed higher levels of sC5b-9 in the T1 period compared with T0 (211 ± 14 versus 243 ± 14 ng/ml, P = 0·04). Our results suggest that the complement system reacts differently if CHF occurs with preserved or reduced EF. This finding is interesting if we consider the difference in epidemiology, pathogenesis and possible therapeutic approaches of these two clinical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Suffritti
- Departments of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'L. Sacco', University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - E Tobaldini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community of Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - R Schiavon
- Internal Medicine, L. Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S Strada
- Internal Medicine, L. Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - L Maggioni
- Departments of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'L. Sacco', University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S Mehta
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences, JES Tech, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G Sandrone
- Internal Medicine, L. Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - E Toschi-Dias
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Cicardi
- Departments of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'L. Sacco', University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - N Montano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community of Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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49
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Pang Q, Zhang H, Chen Z, Wu Y, Bai M, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Tu F, Liu C, Chen X. Role of caveolin-1/vascular endothelial growth factor pathway in basic fibroblast growth factor-induced angiogenesis and neurogenesis after treadmill training following focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Brain Res 2017; 1663:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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