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Slavkova M, Lazov C, Spassova I, Kovacheva D, Tibi IPE, Stefanova D, Tzankova V, Petrov PD, Yoncheva K. Formulation of Budesonide-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles into Hydrogels for Local Therapy of Atopic Dermatitis. Gels 2024; 10:79. [PMID: 38275852 PMCID: PMC10815368 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Budesonide is a mineral corticoid applied in the local therapy of pediatric atopic dermatitis. Unfortunately, its dermal administration is hindered by the concomitant adverse effects and its physicochemical properties. The characteristic pH change in the atopic lesions can be utilized for the preparation of a pH-sensitive nanocarrier. In this view, the formulation of Eudragit L 100 nanoparticles as a budesonide delivery platform could provide more efficient release to the desired site, improve its penetration, and subsequently lower the undesired effects. In this study, budesonide-loaded Eudragit L100 nanoparticles were prepared via the nanoprecipitation method (mean diameter 57 nm, -31.2 mV, and approx. 90% encapsulation efficiency). Their safety was proven by cytotoxicity assays on the HaCaT keratinocyte cell line. Further, the drug-loaded nanoparticles were incorporated into two types of hydrogels based on methylcellulose or Pluronic F127. The formulated hydrogels were characterized with respect to their pH, occlusion, rheology, penetration, spreadability, and drug release. In conclusion, the developed hydrogels containing budesonide-loaded nanoparticles showed promising potential for the pediatric treatment of atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Slavkova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria (I.P.-E.T.); (D.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Christophor Lazov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria (I.P.-E.T.); (D.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Ivanka Spassova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Daniela Kovacheva
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Ivanka Pencheva-El Tibi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria (I.P.-E.T.); (D.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Denitsa Stefanova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria (I.P.-E.T.); (D.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Virginia Tzankova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria (I.P.-E.T.); (D.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Petar D. Petrov
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev Str. 103A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Krassimira Yoncheva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria (I.P.-E.T.); (D.S.); (V.T.)
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Wang F, Yu X, Yu Z, Cui Y, Xu L, Huo S, Ding Z, Zhao L, Du L, Qiu Y. Improved laccase production by Trametes versicolor using Copper-Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine as a novel and high-efficient inducer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1176352. [PMID: 37180036 PMCID: PMC10167017 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1176352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient strategy using Copper-Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine (GHK-Cu) as a novel inducer was developed to enhance laccase production by Trametes versicolor. After medium optimization, laccase activity increased by 12.77-fold compared to that without GHK-Cu. The laccase production of 1113.8 U L-1 was obtained by scaling-up culture in 5-L stirring tank. The laccase production induced by CuSO4 was poorer than that of GHK-Cu at the same mole concentration. GHK-Cu could increase the permeability of cell membrane with less damage, and it facilitated the adsorption, accumulation, and utilization of copper by fungal cells, which was beneficial for laccase synthesis. GHK-Cu induced better expression of laccase related genes than that of CuSO4, resulting in higher laccase production. This study provided a useful method for induced production of laccase by applying GHK chelated metal ion as a non-toxic inducer, which reduced the safety risk of laccase broth and provided the potential application of crude laccase in food industry. In addition, GHK can be used as the carrier of different metal ions to enhance the production of other metalloenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaolei Yu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shuhao Huo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liting Zhao
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lizhi Du
- Shandong Dehemingxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Weifang, China
| | - Yanguo Qiu
- Shandong Dehemingxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Weifang, China
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3
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Ha JW, Choi JY, Boo YC. Differential Effects of Histidine and Histidinamide versus Cysteine and Cysteinamide on Copper Ion-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cytotoxicity in HaCaT Keratinocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040801. [PMID: 37107176 PMCID: PMC10135049 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal chelators are used for various industrial and medical purposes based on their physicochemical properties and biological activities. In biological systems, copper ions bind to certain enzymes as cofactors to confer catalytic activity or bind to specific proteins for safe storage and transport. However, unbound free copper ions can catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress and cell death. The present study aims to identify amino acids with copper chelation activities that might mitigate oxidative stress and toxicity in skin cells exposed to copper ions. A total of 20 free amino acids and 20 amidated amino acids were compared for their copper chelation activities in vitro and the cytoprotective effects in cultured HaCaT keratinocytes exposed to CuSO4. Among the free amino acids, cysteine showed the highest copper chelation activity, followed by histidine and glutamic acid. Among the amidated amino acids, cysteinamide showed the highest copper chelation activity, followed by histidinamide and aspartic acid. CuSO4 (0.4–1.0 mM) caused cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the free and amidated amino acids (1.0 mM), only histidine and histidinamide prevented the HaCaT cell death induced by CuSO4 (1.0 mM). Cysteine and cysteinamide had no cytoprotective effects despite their potent copper-chelating activities. EDTA and GHK-Cu, which were used as reference compounds, had no cytoprotective effects either. Histidine and histidinamide suppressed the CuSO4-induced ROS production, glutathione oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation in HaCaT cells, whereas cysteine and cysteinamide had no such effects. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) showed copper-chelating activity at 0.5–1.0 mM (34–68 mg mL−1). Histidine, histidinamide, and BSA at 0.5–1.0 mM enhanced the viability of cells exposed to CuCl2 or CuSO4 (0.5 mM or 1.0 mM) whereas cysteine and cysteinamide had no such effects. The results of this study suggest that histidine and histidinamide have more advantageous properties than cysteine and cysteinamide in terms of alleviating copper ion-induced toxic effects in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Ha
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (J.W.H.); (J.Y.C.)
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Yong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (J.W.H.); (J.Y.C.)
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chool Boo
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (J.W.H.); (J.Y.C.)
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-420-4946
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4
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Karadagli SS, Cansever I, Armagan G, Sogut O. Are Some Metals in Tattoo Inks Harmful to Health? An Analytical Approach. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 36:104-111. [PMID: 36584178 PMCID: PMC9846827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tattoo application is widely performed all over the world; however, injection of coloring substances into the skin as metals may pose a risk for allergies and other skin inflammations and systemic diseases. In this context, tattoo inks in green, black, and red colors of three brands were purchased. Before starting the analysis, the acid mixture suitable for microwave burning was determined, and according to these results, the inks were digested with nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and hydrofluoric acid. Then, method validation was performed for tattoo inks using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The relative contribution of metals to the tattoo ink composition was highly variable between colors and brands. Elements found in the main components of inks are as follows (in mg kg-1): Al, 1191.1-3424.9; Co, 0.04-1.07; Cu, 1.24-2523.4; Fe, 16.98-318.42; Ni, 0.63-17.53; and Zn, 2.6-46.9. It has been determined by the Environmental Protection Agency that in some products, especially the copper element is above the determined limit. The analysis results obtained were classified by chemometric analysis, and the color and brand relationship were determined. More toxicological studies are necessary to understand the effects of tattoo inks containing heavy metals and/or organic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumru Sozer Karadagli
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey,
| | - Islam Cansever
- Central
Research Laboratories, Katip Celebi University, Izmir 35620, Turkey
| | - Guliz Armagan
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege
University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Sogut
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
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Rubio L, Barrulas P, Costa M, Garcia-Jares C, Lores M, Barrocas Dias C. The chemistry behind the body art: unveiling the elemental profile and heavy metal content of natural tattoos and dyes by ICP-MS. RSC Adv 2022; 12:34414-34424. [PMID: 36545629 PMCID: PMC9709773 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06126k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporary tattoos and dyes are increasing popularity as an alternative to permanent ones. However, knowledge on its elementary composition is scarce and, this scientific gap can potentially make them a source of heavy metal exposure on humans. The present research aimed to explore the possibility of using the inorganic chemical signature to characterize natural pigments-based products and to evaluate the heavy metal content in jagua temporary tattoos and henna temporary hair dyes and tattoos. Thirty-four different samples of commercial products were analyzed for the presence and quantity of eleven trace elements (Al, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Ba, and Pb) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The overall mean concentrations varied between 0.02 and 973 μg g-1 in solid samples or 0.01-1878 μg g-1 for paste ones, wherein potential fake products were uncovered. None of the 34 samples considered comply with the current European Cosmetics Regulation. Samples were differentiated according to their Cr, Zn, Ba, and Pb content. The overall results revealed highly variable levels in the investigated samples, which leads us to suggest detailed quality controls of these materials, due the fact that their continued use can origin potential threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rubio
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaE-15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain+34-881-814-379,Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaE-15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Pedro Barrulas
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Palácio do VimiosoLargo Marquês de Marialva 87000-809ÉvoraPortugal+351-266740800
| | - Mafalda Costa
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Palácio do VimiosoLargo Marquês de Marialva 87000-809ÉvoraPortugal+351-266740800
| | - Carmen Garcia-Jares
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaE-15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain+34-881-814-379,Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaE-15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Marta Lores
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaE-15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Cristina Barrocas Dias
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Palácio do VimiosoLargo Marquês de Marialva 87000-809ÉvoraPortugal+351-266740800,Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, School of Sciences and TechnologyRua Romão Ramalho, 597000-671ÉvoraPortugal
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6
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Marković D, Zille A, Ribeiro AI, Mikučioniene D, Simončič B, Tomšič B, Radetić M. Antibacterial Bio-Nanocomposite Textile Material Produced from Natural Resources. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152539. [PMID: 35893507 PMCID: PMC9331264 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Growing demand for sustainable and green technologies has turned industries and research toward the more efficient utilization of natural and renewable resources. In an effort to tackle this issue, we developed an antibacterial textile nanocomposite material based on cotton and peat fibers with immobilized Cu-based nanostructures. In order to overcome poor wettability and affinity for Cu2+-ions, the substrate was activated by corona discharge and coated with the biopolymer chitosan before the in situ synthesis of nanostructures. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images show that the application of gallic or ascorbic acid as green reducing agents resulted in the formation of Cu-based nanosheets and mostly spherical nanoparticles, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that the formed nanostructures consisted of Cu2O and CuO. A higher-concentration precursor solution led to higher copper content in the nanocomposites, independent of the reducing agent and chitosan deacetylation degree. Most of the synthesized nanocomposites provided maximum reduction of the bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. A combined modification using chitosan with a higher deacetylation degree, a 1 mM solution of CuSO4 solution, and gallic acid resulted in an optimal textile nanocomposite with strong antibacterial activity and moderate Cu2+-ion release in physiological solutions. Finally, the Cu-based nanostructures partially suppressed the biodegradation of the textile nanocomposite in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darka Marković
- Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-1-133-036-13
| | - Andrea Zille
- Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Têxtil (2C2T), Universidade do Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (A.Z.); (A.I.R.)
| | - Ana Isabel Ribeiro
- Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Têxtil (2C2T), Universidade do Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (A.Z.); (A.I.R.)
| | - Daiva Mikučioniene
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu Str. 56-249, LT-51424 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Barbara Simončič
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.S.); (B.T.)
| | - Brigita Tomšič
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.S.); (B.T.)
| | - Maja Radetić
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia;
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Andreu-Sánchez Ó, García-Lorenzo ML, Esbrí JM, Sánchez-Donoso R, Iglesias-Martínez M, Arroyo X, Crespo-Feo E, Ruiz-Costa N, Roca-Pérez L, Castiñeiras P. Soil and Freshwater Bioassays to Assess Ecotoxicological Impact on Soils Affected by Mining Activities in the Iberian Pyrite Belt. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070353. [PMID: 35878258 PMCID: PMC9321106 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to use geochemical, mineralogical, ecotoxicological and biological indicators for a comprehensive assessment of the ecological risks related to the mobility, ecotoxicity and bioavailability of potentially harmful elements in the Lousal mining district. Particularly, toxicity was evaluated using four assays: algae, cytotoxicity assays with HaCaT cell line (dermal), earthworms and Daphnia magna. The geochemical and mineralogical characterization of the studied area shows that the mine wastes underwent intense weathering processes, producing important contamination of the adjacent soils, which also led to the release and mobilization of PHEs into nearby water courses. Total PTE results indicate that the soils affected by mining activities were highly contaminated with As and Cu, while Zn and Pb content ranged from low to very high, depending on the analyzed samples. Cadmium levels were found to be very low in most of the soil samples. The test using Daphnia magna was the most sensitive bioassay, while the Eisenia foetida test was the least sensitive. Except for the LOS07 soil sample, the rest of the soils were classified as “High acute toxicity” and “Very high acute toxicity” for aquatic systems. The results in HACaT cells showed results similar to the ecotoxicological bioassays. The application of biotests, together with geochemical and mineralogical characterization, is a very useful tool to establish the degree of contamination and the environmental risk of potentially harmful elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Andreu-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Biología Funcional, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Calidad Ambiental-LEyCA, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (Ó.A.-S.); (N.R.-C.)
| | - Mari Luz García-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.E.); (R.S.-D.); (M.I.-M.); (E.C.-F.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913944819
| | - José María Esbrí
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.E.); (R.S.-D.); (M.I.-M.); (E.C.-F.); (P.C.)
| | - Ramón Sánchez-Donoso
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.E.); (R.S.-D.); (M.I.-M.); (E.C.-F.); (P.C.)
| | - Mario Iglesias-Martínez
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.E.); (R.S.-D.); (M.I.-M.); (E.C.-F.); (P.C.)
| | - Xabier Arroyo
- Centro de Asistencia a la Investigación de Técnicas Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Elena Crespo-Feo
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.E.); (R.S.-D.); (M.I.-M.); (E.C.-F.); (P.C.)
| | - Nuria Ruiz-Costa
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Biología Funcional, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Calidad Ambiental-LEyCA, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (Ó.A.-S.); (N.R.-C.)
| | - Luis Roca-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Área de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Pedro Castiñeiras
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.E.); (R.S.-D.); (M.I.-M.); (E.C.-F.); (P.C.)
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8
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Alrashidi A, Jafar M, Higgins N, Mulligan C, Varricchio C, Moseley R, Celiksoy V, Houston DMJ, Heard CM. A Time-Kill Assay Study on the Synergistic Bactericidal Activity of Pomegranate Rind Extract and Zn (II) against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121889. [PMID: 34944534 PMCID: PMC8699308 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need for new antimicrobial systems due to increased global resistance to current antimicrobials. Pomegranate rind extract (PRE) and Zn (II) ions both possess a level of antimicrobial activity and work has previously shown that PRE/Zn (II) in combination possesses synergistic activity against Herpes simplex virus and Micrococcus luteus. Here, we determined whether such synergistic activity extended to other, more pathogenic, bacteria. Reference strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were cultured and subjected to challenge by PRE, Zn (II), or PRE + Zn (II), in time-kill assays. Data were obtained independently by two researchers using different PRE preparations. Statistically significant synergistic activity for PRE + Zn (II) was shown for all four bacterial strains tested compared to untreated controls, although the extent of efficacy and timescales varied. Zn (II) exerted activity and at 1 h, it was not possible to distinguish with PRE + Zn (II) combination treatment in all cases. PRE alone showed low activity against all four bacteria. Reproducible synergistic bactericidal activity involving PRE and Zn (II) has been confirmed. Potential mechanisms are discussed. The development of a therapeutic system that possesses demonstrable antimicrobial activity is supported which lends itself particularly to topical delivery applications, for example MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Alrashidi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK; (A.A.); (M.J.); (N.H.); (C.M.); (C.V.); (V.C.); (D.M.J.H.)
| | - Mohammed Jafar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK; (A.A.); (M.J.); (N.H.); (C.M.); (C.V.); (V.C.); (D.M.J.H.)
| | - Niamh Higgins
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK; (A.A.); (M.J.); (N.H.); (C.M.); (C.V.); (V.C.); (D.M.J.H.)
| | - Ciara Mulligan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK; (A.A.); (M.J.); (N.H.); (C.M.); (C.V.); (V.C.); (D.M.J.H.)
| | - Carmine Varricchio
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK; (A.A.); (M.J.); (N.H.); (C.M.); (C.V.); (V.C.); (D.M.J.H.)
| | - Ryan Moseley
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK;
| | - Vildan Celiksoy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK; (A.A.); (M.J.); (N.H.); (C.M.); (C.V.); (V.C.); (D.M.J.H.)
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK;
| | - David M. J. Houston
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK; (A.A.); (M.J.); (N.H.); (C.M.); (C.V.); (V.C.); (D.M.J.H.)
| | - Charles M. Heard
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK; (A.A.); (M.J.); (N.H.); (C.M.); (C.V.); (V.C.); (D.M.J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)2920-875819
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Kathuria H, Handral HK, Cha S, Nguyen DTP, Cai J, Cao T, Wu C, Kang L. Enhancement of Skin Delivery of Drugs Using Proposome Depends on Drug Lipophilicity. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1457. [PMID: 34575533 PMCID: PMC8469902 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the propylene glycol-based liposomes named 'proposomes' in enhancing skin permeation of drugs with different physicochemical properties. Ibuprofen, tofacitinib citrate, rhodamine B, and lidocaine were loaded into proposomes. These drug formulations were analyzed for particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro skin permeation. The confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed on skin treated with calcein and rhodamine B laden proposomes. The transdermal delivery relative to physicochemical properties of drugs such as logP, melting point, molecular weight, solubility, etc., were analyzed. We tested the safety of the proposomes using reconstructed human skin tissue equivalents, which were fabricated in-house. We also used human cadaver skin samples as a control. The proposomes had an average diameter of 128 to 148 nm. The drug's entrapment efficiencies were in the range of 42.9-52.7%, translating into the significant enhancement of drug permeation through the skin. The enhancement ratio was 1.4 to 4.0, and linearly correlated to logP, molecular weight, and melting point. Confocal imaging also showed higher skin permeation of calcein and rhodamine B in proposome than in solution. The proposome was found safe for skin application. The enhancement of skin delivery of drugs through proposomes was dependent on the lipophilicity of the drug. The entrapment efficiency was positively correlated with logP of the drug, which led to high drug absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Kathuria
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (H.K.); (S.C.); (D.T.P.N.)
| | - Harish K. Handral
- Stem Cell Bioprocessing, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, Singapore 138668, Singapore;
| | - Saera Cha
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (H.K.); (S.C.); (D.T.P.N.)
| | - Diep T. P. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (H.K.); (S.C.); (D.T.P.N.)
| | - Junyu Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Tong Cao
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore;
| | - Chunyong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lifeng Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
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10
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Sadgrove NJ, Simmonds MSJ. Topical and nutricosmetic products for healthy hair and dermal antiaging using "dual-acting" (2 for 1) plant-based peptides, hormones, and cannabinoids. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:601-610. [PMID: 34377956 PMCID: PMC8332470 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the side effects of oral antiaging retinoids is increased hair shedding. Retinoids promote the expression of TGF-β2 from fibroblasts, which stimulate collagen expression but silences keratinocytes. Since keratinocytes normally influence differentiation of dermal papilla cells at the base of the hair follicle, retinoids feasibly inhibit hair growth via the increased expression of TGF-β2, which inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Fortunately, the plant kingdom provides an array of alternatives as dual-acting nutricosmetics and topicals that work independently of TGF-β2 to confer dermal antiaging and hair health effects. These alternatives include "plant hormones" such as cytokinins and phytoestrogens. Many cytokinins are agonists of the G-coupled adenosine receptors. Partial agonism of adenosine receptors promotes collagen synthesis independently of TGF-β2 signaling. Adenosine expression is potentially also the mechanism of minoxidil in promotion of scalp hair growth. Because of crosstalk between adenosine and cannabinoid receptors it makes sense to try combinations of specific CB2 agonists and cytokinins (or phytoestrogens). However, dual-acting cosmetics including peptides with high numbers of positively charged amino acids, such as lysine or arginine, offer real potential as they can be processed from multiple botanical candidates, including almond, fenugreek, pea sprouts, soy, and seaweeds. The current review summarizes much of what is known about retinoid alternatives in the plant kingdom and identifies potentially fruitful new areas of research.
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11
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Toxicity of topically applied drugs beyond skin irritation: Static skin model vs. Two organs-on-a-chip. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119788. [PMID: 32882369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Skin model cultivation under static conditions limits the observation of the toxicity to this single organ. Biology-inspired microphysiological systems associating skin with a liver in the same circulating medium provide a more comprehensive insight into systemic substance toxicity; however, its advantages or limitations for topical substance toxicity remain unknown. Herein, we performed topical (OECD test guideline no. 439) and systemic administration of terbinafine in reconstructed human skin (RHS) vs. a RHS plus liver model cultured in TissUse' HUMIMIC Chip2 (Chip2). Aiming for a more detailed insight into the cutaneous substance irritancy/toxicity, we assessed more than the MTT cell viability: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lactate and glucose levels, as well as inherent gene expressions. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was the topical irritant positive control. We confirmed SDS irritancy in both static RHS and Chip2 culture by the damage in the morphology, reduction in the lactate production and lower glucose consumption. In the static RHS, the SDS-treated tissues also released significantly high LDH (82%; p < 0.05) and significantly lower IL-6 release (p < 0.05), corroborating with the other metabolic levels. In both static RHS and Chip2 conditions, we confirmed absence of irritancy or systemic toxicity by LDH, glucose or lactate levels for topical 1% and 5% terbinafine and systemic 0.1% terbinafine treatment. However, topical 5% terbinafine treatment in the Chip2 upregulated IL-1α in the RHS, unbalanced apoptotic and proliferative cell ratios in the liver and significantly increased its expression of CYP1A2 and 3A4 enzymes (p < 0.05), proving that it has passed the RHS barrier promoting a liver impact. Systemic 0.1% terbinafine treatment in the Chip2 increased RHS expression of EGFR, increased apoptotic cells in the liver, downregulated liver albumin expression and upregulated CYP2C9 significantly (p < 0.05), acting as an effective hepatotoxic terbinafine control. The combination of the RHS and liver model in the Chip2 allowed a more sensitive assessment of skin and hepatic effects caused by chemicals able to pass the skin (5% terbinafine and SDS) and after systemic 0.1% terbinafine application. The present study opens up a more complex approach based on the microphysiological system to assess more than a skin irritation process.
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12
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Zoughaib M, Luong D, Garifullin R, Gatina DZ, Fedosimova SV, Abdullin TI. Enhanced angiogenic effects of RGD, GHK peptides and copper (II) compositions in synthetic cryogel ECM model. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111660. [PMID: 33545827 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic oligopeptides are a promising alternative to natural full-length growth factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in tissue regeneration and therapeutic angiogenesis applications. In this work, angiogenic properties of dual and triple compositions containing RGD, GHK peptides and copper (II) ions (Cu2+) were for the first time studied. To reveal specific in vitro effects of these compositions in three-dimensional scaffold, adamantyl group bearing peptides, namely Ada-Ahx-GGRGD (1) and Ada-Ahx-GGGHK (2), were effectively immobilized in bioinert pHEMA macroporous cryogel via host-guest β-cyclodextrin-adamantane interaction. The cryogels were additionally functionalized with Cu2+ via the formation of GHK-Cu complex. Angiogenic responses of HUVECs grown within the cryogel ECM model were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the combination of RGD with GHK and further with Cu2+ dramatically increases cell proliferation, differentiation, and production of a series of angiogenesis related cytokines and growth factors. Furthermore, the level of glutathione, a key cellular antioxidant and redox regulator, was altered in relation to the angiogenic effects. These results are of particular interest for establishing the role of multiple peptide signals on regeneration related processes and for developing improved tissue engineering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zoughaib
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Duong Luong
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ruslan Garifullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilara Z Gatina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Fedosimova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Timur I Abdullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia.
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13
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Synergistic antibacterial actions of graphene oxide and antibiotics towards bacteria and the toxicological effects of graphene oxide on human epidermal keratinocytes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 142:105087. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Hur GH, Han SC, Ryu AR, Eom Y, Kim JW, Lee MY. Effect of oligoarginine conjugation on the antiwrinkle activity and transdermal delivery of GHK peptide. J Pept Sci 2019; 26:e3234. [PMID: 31788907 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
GHK (Gly-His-Lys), a natural peptide found in human skin and plasma, has been widely used in the cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical fields. The hydrophilic GHK and GHK-Cu are limited in their abilities to penetrate deeply into skin; because of this, various strategies for their skin delivery have been developed. In this investigation, Arg4 was conjugated with GHK to get heptapeptide, GHK-R4, and then in vitro antiwrinkle activity and transdermal delivery were compared between GHK and GHK-R4. Notably, Arg4 conjugation accelerated the cellular penetration of GHK both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, higher in vitro antiwrinkle activity and collagen biosynthesis was obtained with GHK-R4 at much lower doses than with control R4-free GHK. The enhanced activity and delivery of GHK-R4 might be due to the cell penetrating ability and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitory activity of R4 itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Hee Hur
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Han
- Department of Material Laboratory, Dermafirm Co., Ltd., Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Reum Ryu
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsic Eom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jhin-Wook Kim
- Department of Material Laboratory, Dermafirm Co., Ltd., Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Lee
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
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15
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Nepal MR, Kim GH, Cha DH, Jeong TC. Assessment of skin sensitizing potential of metals with β-galactosidase-expressing E. coli culture system. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:879-889. [PMID: 31507242 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1664958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been a challenge to develop in vitro alternative test methods for accurate prediction of metallic products which may exert skin sensitization, as several test methods adopted by OECD were relatively ineffective in assessing the capacity for metallic compounds to exert sensitizing reactions, compared with organic test substances. Based upon these findings, a system that incorporates β-galactosidase producing E. coli cultures was tested for its predictive capacity to well-known metallic sensitizers. In this system, E. coli cells were incubated with metal salts at various concentrations and β-galactosidase suppression by each test metal was determined. Fourteen local lymph node assay (LLNA) categorized metal salts were examined. Although color interference from metal salts was minimal, a fluorometric detection system was also employed using 4-methylumbelliferyl galactopyranoside as a substrate for β-galactosidase to avoid the color interference, concomitantly with the original UV-spectrometric method. Data demonstrated that two detection methods were comparable and complementary. In addition, most of the metallic sensitizers were correctly identified at 0.6 and 0.8 mM concentrations. Despite the lower specificity obtained in the current study and small number of substances tested, the developed method appears to be a relatively simple and effective in vitro method for detecting metallic sensitizers. When 61 chemicals tested in the β-galactosidase producing E. coli cultures including the present study were collectively analyzed, the prediction capacity was as high as other OECD-adopted tests: 95.6% of sensitivity, 66.7% of specificity, and 88.5% of accuracy. It is important to emphasize that animals or mammalian cell cultures were not required in the current method, which are in accordance with the EU guidelines on restricted or banned animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Raj Nepal
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , South Korea
| | - Geon Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , South Korea
| | - Tae Cheon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , South Korea
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16
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Lee D, Seo Y, Kim YW, Kim S, Choi J, Moon SH, Bae H, Kim HS, Kim H, Kim JH, Kim TY, Kim E, Yim S, Lim I, Bang H, Kim JH, Ko JH. Profiling of remote skeletal muscle gene changes resulting from stimulation of atopic dermatitis disease in NC/Nga mouse model. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 23:367-379. [PMID: 31496874 PMCID: PMC6717787 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2019.23.5.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although atopic dermatitis (AD) is known to be a representative skin disorder, it also affects the systemic immune response. In a recent study, myoblasts were shown to be involved in the immune regulation, but the roles of muscle cells in AD are poorly understood. We aimed to identify the relationship between mitochondria and atopy by genome-wide analysis of skeletal muscles in mice. We induced AD-like symptoms using house dust mite (HDM) extract in NC/Nga mice. The transcriptional profiles of the untreated group and HDM-induced AD-like group were analyzed and compared using microarray, differentially expressed gene and functional pathway analyses, and protein interaction network construction. Our microarray analysis demonstrated that immune response-, calcium handling-, and mitochondrial metabolism-related genes were differentially expressed. In the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology pathway analyses, immune response pathways involved in cytokine interaction, nuclear factor-kappa B, and T-cell receptor signaling, calcium handling pathways, and mitochondria metabolism pathways involved in the citrate cycle were significantly upregulated. In protein interaction network analysis, chemokine family-, muscle contraction process-, and immune response-related genes were identified as hub genes with many interactions. In addition, mitochondrial pathways involved in calcium signaling, cardiac muscle contraction, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidation-reduction process, and calcium-mediated signaling were significantly stimulated in KEGG and Gene Ontology analyses. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the genome-wide transcriptional changes of HDM-induced AD-like symptoms and the indicated genes that could be used as AD clinical biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Lee
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Yelim Seo
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Young-Won Kim
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Seongtae Kim
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Jeongyoon Choi
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Moon
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Hyemi Bae
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Hui-Sok Kim
- Department of Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Hangyeol Kim
- Department of Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- Department of Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Eunho Kim
- Department of Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Suemin Yim
- Department of Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Inja Lim
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Hyoweon Bang
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Jung-Ha Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06973, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Ko
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
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17
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Eremina JA, Lider EV, Samsonenko DG, Sheludyakova LA, Berezin AS, Klyushova LS, Ostrovskii VA, Trifonov RE. Mixed-ligand copper(II) complexes with tetrazole derivatives and 2,2′-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline: Synthesis, structure and cytotoxic activity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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18
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EL-Maddawy ZK, Abd El Naby WSH. Effects of ivermectin and its combination with alpha lipoic acid on expression of IGFBP-3 and HSPA1 genes and male rat fertility. Andrologia 2017; 50. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Z. K. EL-Maddawy
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Alexandria University; Edfina Egypt
| | - W. S. H. Abd El Naby
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering in department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Alexandria University; Edfina Egypt
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