1
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Nielsen MS, van Opbergen CJM, van Veen TAB, Delmar M. The intercalated disc: a unique organelle for electromechanical synchrony in cardiomyocytes. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2271-2319. [PMID: 36731030 PMCID: PMC10191137 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The intercalated disc (ID) is a highly specialized structure that connects cardiomyocytes via mechanical and electrical junctions. Although described in some detail by light microscopy in the 19th century, it was in 1966 that electron microscopy images showed that the ID represented apposing cell borders and provided detailed insight into the complex ID nanostructure. Since then, much has been learned about the ID and its molecular composition, and it has become evident that a large number of proteins, not all of them involved in direct cell-to-cell coupling via mechanical or gap junctions, reside at the ID. Furthermore, an increasing number of functional interactions between ID components are emerging, leading to the concept that the ID is not the sum of isolated molecular silos but an interacting molecular complex, an "organelle" where components work in concert to bring about electrical and mechanical synchrony. The aim of the present review is to give a short historical account of the ID's discovery and an updated overview of its composition and organization, followed by a discussion of the physiological implications of the ID architecture and the local intermolecular interactions. The latter will focus on both the importance of normal conduction of cardiac action potentials as well as the impact on the pathophysiology of arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten S Nielsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chantal J M van Opbergen
- The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Toon A B van Veen
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Delmar
- The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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2
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Shati AA, Zaki MSA, Alqahtani YA, Haidara MA, Al-Shraim M, Dawood AF, Eid RA. Potential Protective Effect of Vitamin C on Qunalphos-Induced Cardiac Toxicity: Histological and Tissue Biomarker Assay. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010039. [PMID: 35052719 PMCID: PMC8772816 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insecticides and toxicants abound in nature, posing a health risk to humans. Concurrent exposure to many environmental contaminants has been demonstrated to harm myocardial performance and reduce cardiac oxidative stress. The purpose of this research was to study the protective effect of vitamin C (Vit C) on quinalphos (QP)-induced cardiac tissue damage in rats. Eighteen albino male rats were randomly categorised into three groups (n = 6). Control, QP group: rats received distilled water. QP insecticide treatment: an oral administration of QP incorporated in drinking water. QP + Vit C group: rats received QP and Vit C. All the experiments were conducted for ten days. Decline of cardiac antioxidant biomarkers catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GPx) along with increased proinflammatory markers tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) indicated oxidative and inflammatory damage to the heart following administration of QP when compared to control rats. The light microscopic and ultrastructure appearance of QP-treated cardiomyocytes exhibited cardiac damage. Administration of Vit C showed decreased oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers, confirmed with histological and electron microscopic examination. In conclusion, Vit C protected the heart from QP-induced cardiac damage due to decreased inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayed A. Shati
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.S.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed Samir A. Zaki
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig P.O. Box 31527, Egypt
| | - Youssef A. Alqahtani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.S.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Haidara
- Department of Physiology, Kasr al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo P.O. Box 11519, Egypt;
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amal F. Dawood
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Refaat A. Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-502-500-041
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3
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Matsuura R, Yamashita T, Hayase N, Hamasaki Y, Noiri E, Numata G, Takimoto E, Nangaku M, Doi K. Preexisting heart failure with reduced ejection fraction attenuates renal fibrosis after ischemia reperfusion via sympathetic activation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15091. [PMID: 34302012 PMCID: PMC8302613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94617-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chronic heart failure is clinically associated with acute kidney injury (AKI), the precise mechanism that connects kidney and heart remains unknown. Here, we elucidate the effect of pre-existing heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) on kidney via sympathetic activity, using the combining models of transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and unilateral renal ischemia reperfusion (IR). The evaluation of acute (24 h) and chronic (2 weeks) phases of renal injury following IR 8 weeks after TAC in C57BL/6 mice revealed that the development of renal fibrosis in chronic phase was significantly attenuated in TAC mice, but not in non-TAC mice, whereas no impact of pre-existing heart failure was observed in acute phase of renal IR. Expression of transforming growth factor-β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and macrophage infiltration were significantly reduced in TAC mice. Lastly, to investigate the effect of sympathetic nerve activity, we performed renal sympathetic denervation two days prior to renal IR, which abrogated attenuation of renal fibrosis in TAC mice. Collectively, we demonstrate the protective effect of pre-existing HFrEF on long-term renal ischemic injury. Renal sympathetic nerve may contribute to this protection; however, further studies are needed to fully clarify the comprehensive mechanisms associated with attenuated renal fibrosis and pre-existing HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Matsuura
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yamashita
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Hayase
- Department of Acute Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Hamasaki
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisei Noiri
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genri Numata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiki Takimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kent Doi
- Department of Acute Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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4
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Liu Y, Yin Z, Xu X, Liu C, Duan X, Song Q, Tuo Y, Wang C, Yang J, Yin S. Crosstalk between the activated Slit2-Robo1 pathway and TGF-β1 signalling promotes cardiac fibrosis. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:447-460. [PMID: 33236535 PMCID: PMC7835586 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Previous reports indicated that the Slit2-Robo signalling pathway is involved in embryonic heart development and fibrosis in other solid organs, but its function in adult cardiac fibrosis has not been investigated. Here, we investigate the role of the Slit2-Robo1 signalling pathway in cardiac fibrosis. METHODS AND RESULTS The right atrial tissue samples were obtained from patients with valvular heart disease complicated by atrial fibrillation during heart valve surgery and from healthy heart donors. The fibrotic animal model is created by performing transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery. The Robo1, Slit2, TGF-β1, and collagen I expression levels in human and animal samples were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Echocardiography measured the changes in heart size and cardiac functions of animals. Angiotensin II (Ang II), Slit2-siRNA, TGF-β1-siRNA, recombinant Slit2, and recombinant TGF-β1 were transfected to cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) respectively to observe their effects on collagen I expression level. The right atrial appendage of patients with valvular heart disease complicated by atrial fibrillation found significantly up-regulated Slit2, Robo1, TGF-β1, and collagen I expression levels. TAC surgery leads to heart enlargement, cardiac fibrosis, and up-regulation of Slit2, Robo1, TGF-β1, and collagen I expression levels in animal model. Robo1 antagonist R5 and TGF-β1 antagonist SB431542 suppressed cardiac fibrosis in TAC mice. Treatment with 100 nM Ang II in CFs caused significantly increased Slit2, Robo1, Smad2/3, TGF-β1, collagen I, PI3K, and Akt expression levels. Transfecting Slit2-siRNA and TGF-β1-siRNA, respectively, into rat CFs significantly down-regulated Smad2/3 and collagen I expression, inhibiting the effects of Ang II. Recombinant Slit2 activated the TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway in CFs and up-regulated Periostin, Robo1, and collagen I expression. CONCLUSIONS The Slit2-Robo1 signalling pathway interfered with the TGF-β1/Smad pathway and promoted cardiac fibrosis. Blockade of Slit2-Robo1 might be a new treatment for cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- NCH Key Laboratory of Assisted CirculationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ziwei Yin
- Division of BiosciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Xueqin Xu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- NCH Key Laboratory of Assisted CirculationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chen Liu
- NCH Key Laboratory of Assisted CirculationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoying Duan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- NCH Key Laboratory of Assisted CirculationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qinlan Song
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- NCH Key Laboratory of Assisted CirculationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ying Tuo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Cuiping Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery ICU, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shengli Yin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- NCH Key Laboratory of Assisted CirculationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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5
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Komeno M, Pang X, Shimizu A, Molla MR, Yasuda-Yamahara M, Kume S, Rahman NIA, Soh JEC, Nguyen LKC, Ahmat Amin MKB, Kokami N, Sato A, Asano Y, Maegawa H, Ogita H. Cardio- and reno-protective effects of dipeptidyl peptidase III in diabetic mice. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100761. [PMID: 33971198 PMCID: PMC8167299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes injury to tissues and organs, including to the heart and kidney, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Thus, novel potential therapeutics are continuously required to minimize DM-related organ damage. We have previously shown that dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPPIII) has beneficial roles in a hypertensive mouse model, but it is unknown whether DPPIII has any effects on DM. In this study, we found that intravenous administration of recombinant DPPIII in diabetic db/db mice for 8 weeks suppressed the DM-induced cardiac diastolic dysfunctions and renal injury without alteration of the blood glucose level. This treatment inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis in the heart and blocked the increase in albuminuria by attenuating the disruption of the glomerular microvasculature and inhibiting the effacement of podocyte foot processes in the kidney. The beneficial role of DPPIII was, at least in part, mediated by the cleavage of a cytotoxic peptide, named Peptide 2, which was increased in db/db mice compared with normal mice. This peptide consisted of nine amino acids, was a digested fragment of complement component 3 (C3), and had an anaphylatoxin-like effect determined by the Miles assay and chemoattractant analysis. The effect was dependent on its interaction with the C3a receptor and protein kinase C-mediated RhoA activation downstream of the receptor in endothelial cells. In conclusion, DPPIII plays a protective role in the heart and kidney in a DM animal model through cleavage of a peptide that is a part of C3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Komeno
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Xiaoling Pang
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Akio Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Md Rasel Molla
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Kume
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Nor Idayu A Rahman
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Joanne Ern Chi Soh
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Le Kim Chi Nguyen
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Mohammad Khusni B Ahmat Amin
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Nao Kokami
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Asano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Ogita
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
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6
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Shimizu A, Zankov DP, Sato A, Komeno M, Toyoda F, Yamazaki S, Makita T, Noda T, Ikawa M, Asano Y, Miyashita Y, Takashima S, Morita H, Ishikawa T, Makita N, Hitosugi M, Matsuura H, Ohno S, Horie M, Ogita H. Identification of transmembrane protein 168 mutation in familial Brugada syndrome. FASEB J 2020; 34:6399-6417. [PMID: 32175648 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902991r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited channelopathy responsible for almost 20% of sudden cardiac deaths in patients with nonstructural cardiac diseases. Approximately 70% of BrS patients, the causative gene mutation(s) remains unknown. In this study, we used whole exome sequencing to investigate candidate mutations in a family clinically diagnosed with BrS. A heterozygous 1616G>A substitution (R539Q mutation) was identified in the transmembrane protein 168 (TMEM168) gene of symptomatic individuals. Similar to endogenous TMEM168, both TMEM168 wild-type (WT) and mutant proteins that were ectopically induced in HL-1 cells showed nuclear membrane localization. A significant decrease in Na+ current and Nav 1.5 protein expression was observed in HL-1 cardiomyocytes expressing mutant TMEM168. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias and conduction disorders were induced in the heterozygous Tmem168 1616G>A knock-in mice by pharmacological stimulation, but not in WT mice. Na+ current was reduced in ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from the Tmem168 knock-in heart, and Nav 1.5 expression was also impaired. This impairment was dependent on increased Nedd4-2 binding to Nav 1.5 and subsequent ubiquitination. Collectively, our results show an association between the TMEM168 1616G>A mutation and arrhythmogenesis in a family with BrS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Dimitar P Zankov
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Masahiro Komeno
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Futoshi Toyoda
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamazaki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshinori Makita
- Division of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taichi Noda
- Animal Resource Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Animal Resource Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Asano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyashita
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Seiji Takashima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Taisuke Ishikawa
- Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Naomasa Makita
- Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Masahito Hitosugi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuura
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Seiko Ohno
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Minoru Horie
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Ogita
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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7
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Ahmat Amin MKB, Shimizu A, Zankov DP, Sato A, Kurita S, Ito M, Maeda T, Yoshida T, Sakaue T, Higashiyama S, Kawauchi A, Ogita H. Epithelial membrane protein 1 promotes tumor metastasis by enhancing cell migration via copine-III and Rac1. Oncogene 2018; 37:5416-5434. [PMID: 29867202 PMCID: PMC6172191 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the most common cause of cancer death. Elucidation of the mechanism of tumor metastasis is therefore important in the development of novel, effective anti-cancer therapies to reduce cancer mortality. Interaction between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment is a key factor in tumor metastasis. Using a co-culture assay system with human prostate cancer LNCaP cells and primary human prostate stromal cells, we identified epithelial membrane protein 1 (EMP1) as a gene with elevated expression in the cancer cells. The orthotopic injection of LNCaP cells overexpressing EMP1 (EMP1-LNCaP cells) into the prostate of nude mice induced lymph node and lung metastases, while that of control LNCaP cells did not. EMP1-LNCaP cells had higher cell motility and Rac1 activity than control LNCaP cells. These results were also observed in other lines of cancer cells. We newly identified copine-III as an intracellular binding partner of EMP1. Knockdown of copine-III attenuated the increased cell motility and Rac1 activity in EMP1-LNCaP cells. Reduced cell motility and Rac1 activity following knockdown of copine-III in EMP1-LNCaP cells were recovered by re-expression of wild-type copine-III, but not of a copine-III mutant incapable of interacting with EMP1, suggesting the importance of the EMP1–copine-III interaction. Phosphorylated and activated Src and a Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav2 were found to be involved in the EMP1-induced enhancement of cell motility and Rac1 activation. Moreover, EMP1 was highly expressed in prostate cancer samples obtained from patients with higher Gleason score. These results demonstrate that upregulation of EMP1 significantly increases cancer cell migration that leads to tumor metastasis, suggesting that EMP1 may play an essential role as a positive regulator of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khusni B Ahmat Amin
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akio Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Dimitar P Zankov
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Souichi Kurita
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Masami Ito
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Toshinaga Maeda
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Sakaue
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Toon, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Toon, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kawauchi
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Ogita
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
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8
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Shimizu A, Zankov DP, Kurokawa-Seo M, Ogita H. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Exerts Diverse Cellular Effects via Small G Proteins, Rho and Rap. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041203. [PMID: 29659486 PMCID: PMC5979568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) include five molecules (VEGF-A, -B, -C, -D, and placental growth factor), and have various roles that crucially regulate cellular functions in many kinds of cells and tissues. Intracellular signal transduction induced by VEGFs has been extensively studied and is usually initiated by their binding to two classes of transmembrane receptors: receptor tyrosine kinase VEGF receptors (VEGF receptor-1, -2 and -3) and neuropilins (NRP1 and NRP2). In addition to many established results reported by other research groups, we have previously identified small G proteins, especially Ras homologue gene (Rho) and Ras-related protein (Rap), as important mediators of VEGF-A-stimulated signaling in cancer cells as well as endothelial cells. This review article describes the VEGF-A-induced signaling pathways underlying diverse cellular functions, including cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, and the involvement of Rho, Rap, and their related molecules in these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Dimitar P Zankov
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Misuzu Kurokawa-Seo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.
| | - Hisakazu Ogita
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
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9
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Zankov DP, Sato A, Shimizu A, Ogita H. Differential Effects of Myocardial Afadin on Pressure Overload-Induced Compensated Cardiac Hypertrophy. Circ J 2017; 81:1862-1870. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-17-0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar P. Zankov
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Akira Sato
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Akio Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Hisakazu Ogita
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science
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