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Al-Emam AMA, Dajam A, Alrajhi M, Alfaifi W, Al-Shraim M, Helaly AM. Sudden death in the southern region of Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:4843-4851. [PMID: 37583982 PMCID: PMC10424041 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i20.4843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudden death is unanticipated, non-violent death taking place within the first 24 h after the onset of symptoms. It is a major public health problem worldwide. Moreover, the effects of living at moderate altitude on mortality are poorly understood. AIM To retrospectively report the frequency and the main causes of sudden deaths in relation to total deaths at Asir Central Hospital, 2255 m above sea level, in the southern region of Saudi Arabia over a period of 4 years from 2013 to 2016. METHODS The medical records of 1821 deaths were examined and showed 353 cases (19.4%) of sudden death. RESULTS The highest incidence of sudden death was among the elderly (51%), whereas, the lowest was among children and adolescents (6.5%). With regard to gender, the incidence of sudden death was higher in males (54.4%) compared to 45.6% in females. In this study, we found that the most common direct causes of sudden death were cardiovascular diseases (29.2%), respiratory disease (22.7%), infectious disease (12.2%), cancer (9.4%) and hematological diseases (6.2%). With respect to seasonal variation, the highest incidence was during winter (31.32%) followed by summer (25.8%). CONCLUSION The results of this study will help emergency physicians and health care providers to exercise due care to reduce the incidence of sudden death and raise public awareness about the impact of sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Al-Emam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Mohammed Alrajhi
- Medical School, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Alfaifi
- Medical School, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Helaly
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
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Al-Emam AMA, Dajam A, Alrajhi M, Alfaifi W, Al-Shraim M, Helaly AM. Sudden death in the southern region of Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:4839-4847. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i20.4839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudden death is unanticipated, non-violent death taking place within the first 24 h after the onset of symptoms. It is a major public health problem worldwide. Moreover, the effects of living at moderate altitude on mortality are poorly understood.
AIM To retrospectively report the frequency and the main causes of sudden deaths in relation to total deaths at Asir Central Hospital, 2255 m above sea level, in the southern region of Saudi Arabia over a period of 4 years from 2013 to 2016.
METHODS The medical records of 1821 deaths were examined and showed 353 cases (19.4%) of sudden death.
RESULTS The highest incidence of sudden death was among the elderly (51%), whereas, the lowest was among children and adolescents (6.5%). With regard to gender, the incidence of sudden death was higher in males (54.4%) compared to 45.6% in females. In this study, we found that the most common direct causes of sudden death were cardiovascular diseases (29.2%), respiratory disease (22.7%), infectious disease (12.2%), cancer (9.4%) and hematological diseases (6.2%). With respect to seasonal variation, the highest incidence was during winter (31.32%) followed by summer (25.8%).
CONCLUSION The results of this study will help emergency physicians and health care providers to exercise due care to reduce the incidence of sudden death and raise public awareness about the impact of sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Al-Emam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Mohammed Alrajhi
- Medical School, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Alfaifi
- Medical School, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Helaly
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
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Soltan MA, Eldeen MA, Sajer BH, Abdelhameed RFA, Al-Salmi FA, Fayad E, Jafri I, Ahmed HEM, Eid RA, Hassan HM, Al-Shraim M, Negm A, Noreldin AE, Darwish KM. Integration of Chemoinformatics and Multi-Omics Analysis Defines ECT2 as a Potential Target for Cancer Drug Therapy. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:biology12040613. [PMID: 37106813 PMCID: PMC10135641 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cell transforming 2 (ECT2) is a potential oncogene and a number of recent studies have correlated it with the progression of several human cancers. Despite this elevated attention for ECT2 in oncology-related reports, there is no collective study to combine and integrate the expression and oncogenic behavior of ECT2 in a panel of human cancers. The current study started with a differential expression analysis of ECT2 in cancerous versus normal tissue. Following that, the study asked for the correlation between ECT2 upregulation and tumor stage, grade, and metastasis, along with its effect on patient survival. Moreover, the methylation and phosphorylation status of ECT2 in tumor versus normal tissue was assessed, in addition to the investigation of the ECT2 effect on the immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. The current study revealed that ECT2 was upregulated as mRNA and protein levels in a list of human tumors, a feature that allowed for the increased filtration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and decreased the level of natural killer T (NKT) cells, which ultimately led to a poor prognosis survival. Lastly, we screened for several drugs that could inhibit ECT2 and act as antitumor agents. Collectively, this study nominated ECT2 as a prognostic and immunological biomarker, with reported inhibitors that represent potential antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Soltan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia 41611, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Alaa Eldeen
- Cell Biology, Histology & Genetics Division, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Bayan H Sajer
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reda F A Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala 43713, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Fawziah A Al-Salmi
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Fayad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Jafri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Refaat A Eid
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 62529, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham M Hassan
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 62529, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 62529, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Negm
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Darwish
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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A. Eid R, Alaa Edeen M, Soltan MA, Al-Shraim M, Samir A. Zaki M, M. Al-Qahtani S, Fayad E, T. Salem E, K. Abdulsahib W, Emam H, M. Hassan H. Integration of Ultrastructural and Computational Approaches Reveals the Protective Effect of Astaxanthin against BPA-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020421. [PMID: 36830956 PMCID: PMC9953522 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental contaminant that can induce deleterious organ effects. Human Cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 enzyme belongs to the essential xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, producing ROS as a byproduct. Astaxanthin (ATX) is a powerful antioxidant that protects organs and tissues from the damaging effects of oxidative stress caused by various diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the possible protective impacts of ATX against BPA-induced nephrotoxicity and its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Kidney tissues were isolated and examined microscopically from control, protected, and unprotected groups of rats to examine the potential protective effect of ATX against nephrotoxicity. Moreover, a molecular dynamic (MD) simulation was conducted to predict the performance of ATX upon binding to the active site of P450 CYP2C9 protein receptor as a potential mechanism of ATX protective effect. RESULTS Implemented computational methods revealed the possible underlying mechanism of ATX protection; the protective impact of ATX is mediated by inhibiting P450 CYP2C9 through binding to its dimeric state where the RMSF value for apo-protein and ATX-complex system were 5.720.57 and 1.040.41, respectively, implicating the ATX-complex system to have lesser variance in its residues, leading to the prevention of ROS excess production, maintaining the oxidant-antioxidant balance and re-establishing the proper mitochondrial functionality. Furthermore, the experimental methods validated in silico outcomes and revealed that ATX therapy effectively restored the typical histological architecture of pathological kidney tissues. CONCLUSIONS ATX prevents BPA-induced nephrotoxicity by controlling oxidative imbalance and reversing mitochondrial dysfunction. These outcomes shed new light on the appropriate use of ATX as a treatment or prophylactic agent for these severe conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A. Eid
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (R.A.E.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Muhammad Alaa Edeen
- Cell Biology, Histology & Genetics Division, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: (R.A.E.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Mohamed A. Soltan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia 41611, Egypt
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Samir A. Zaki
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 31527, Egypt
| | - Saleh M. Al-Qahtani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Fayad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman T. Salem
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Waleed K. Abdulsahib
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad 10001, Iraq
| | - Hebatallah Emam
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Hesham M. Hassan
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
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Eid RA, Eldeen MA, Soltan MA, Al-Shraim M, Aldehri M, Alqahtani LS, Alsharif G, Albogami S, Jafri I, Fayad E, Park MN, Bibi S, Behairy MY, Kim B, Zaki MSA. Integrative analysis of WDR12 as a potential prognostic and immunological biomarker in multiple human tumors. Front Genet 2023; 13:1008502. [PMID: 36726716 PMCID: PMC9885372 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1008502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mammalian WD-repeat protein 12 (WDR12), a family member of proteins containing repeats of tryptophan-aspartic acid (WD), is a potential homolog of yeast Ytm1p and consists of seven repeats of WD. Aim of the study: This study aims to investigate the potential oncogenic effects of WDR12 in various human malignancies throughout a pan-cancer analysis that has been carried out to examine the various patterns in which this gene is expressed and behaves in tumor tissues. Methods: Herein, we used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and various computational tools to explore expression profiles, prognostic relevance, genetic mutations, immune cell infiltration, as well as the functional characteristics of WDR12 in multiple human cancers. Results: We found that WDR12 was inconsistently expressed in various cancers and that variations in WDR12 expression predicted survival consequences for cancer patients. Furthermore, we observed a significant correlation between WDR12 gene mutation levels and the prognosis of some tumors. Furthermore, significant correlations were found between WDR12 expression patterns and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) infiltration, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor mutation burden, microsatellite instability and immunoregulators. Ultimately, pathway enrichment analysis revealed that WDR12-related pathways are involved in carcinogenesis. Conclusions: The findings of our study are stisfactory, demonstrating that WDR12 could serve as a promising reliable prognostic biomarker, as well as a therapeutic target for novel cancer therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A. Eid
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Alaa Eldeen
- Cell Biology, Histology & Genetics Division, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt,*Correspondence: Muhammad Alaa Eldeen, ; Bonglee Kim,
| | - Mohamed A. Soltan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Aldehri
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena S. Alqahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadi Alsharif
- College of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Jafri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Fayad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan,Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mohammed Y. Behairy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Muhammad Alaa Eldeen, ; Bonglee Kim,
| | - Mohamed Samir A. Zaki
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia,Department of Histology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Shati AA, Zaki MSA, Alqahtani YA, Haidara MA, Al-Shraim M, Dawood AF, Eid RA. Potential Protective Effect of Vitamin C on Qunalphos-Induced Cardiac Toxicity: Histological and Tissue Biomarker Assay. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010039. [PMID: 35052719 PMCID: PMC8772816 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insecticides and toxicants abound in nature, posing a health risk to humans. Concurrent exposure to many environmental contaminants has been demonstrated to harm myocardial performance and reduce cardiac oxidative stress. The purpose of this research was to study the protective effect of vitamin C (Vit C) on quinalphos (QP)-induced cardiac tissue damage in rats. Eighteen albino male rats were randomly categorised into three groups (n = 6). Control, QP group: rats received distilled water. QP insecticide treatment: an oral administration of QP incorporated in drinking water. QP + Vit C group: rats received QP and Vit C. All the experiments were conducted for ten days. Decline of cardiac antioxidant biomarkers catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GPx) along with increased proinflammatory markers tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) indicated oxidative and inflammatory damage to the heart following administration of QP when compared to control rats. The light microscopic and ultrastructure appearance of QP-treated cardiomyocytes exhibited cardiac damage. Administration of Vit C showed decreased oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers, confirmed with histological and electron microscopic examination. In conclusion, Vit C protected the heart from QP-induced cardiac damage due to decreased inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayed A. Shati
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.S.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed Samir A. Zaki
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig P.O. Box 31527, Egypt
| | - Youssef A. Alqahtani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.S.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Haidara
- Department of Physiology, Kasr al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo P.O. Box 11519, Egypt;
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amal F. Dawood
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Refaat A. Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-502-500-041
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Eid RA, Bin-Meferij MM, El-Kott AF, Eleawa SM, Zaki MSA, Al-Shraim M, El-Sayed F, Eldeen MA, Alkhateeb MA, Alharbi SA, Aldera H, Khalil MA. Exendin-4 Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Upregulation of SIRT1 and SIRT3 and Activation of AMPK. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 14:619-635. [PMID: 32239434 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-09984-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated if the cardioprotective effect of Exendin-4 against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in male rats involves modulation of AMPK and sirtuins. Adult male rats were divided into sham, sham + Exendin-4, I/R, I/R + Exendin-4, and I/R + Exendin-4 + EX-527, a sirt1 inhibitor. Exendin-4 reduced infarct size and preserved the function and structure of the left ventricles (LV) of I/R rats. It also inhibited oxidative stress and apoptosis and upregulated MnSOD and Bcl-2 in their infarcted myocardium. With no effect on SIRTs 2/6/7, Exendin-4 activated and upregulated mRNA and protein levels of SIRT1, increased levels of SIRT3 protein, activated AMPK, and reduced the acetylation of p53 and PGC-1α as well as the phosphorylation of FOXO-1. EX-527 completely abolished all beneficial effects of Exendin-4 in I/R-induced rats. In conclusion, Exendin-4 cardioprotective effect against I/R involves activation of SIRT1 and SIRT3. Graphical Abstract Exendin-4 could scavenge free radical directly, upregulate p53, and through upregulation of SIRT1 and stimulating SIRT1 nuclear accumulation. In addition, Exendin-4 also upregulates SIRT3 which plays an essential role in the upregulation of antioxidants, inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and prevention of mitochondria damage. Accordingly, SIRT1 induces the deacetylation of PGC-1α and p53 and is able to bind p-FOXO-1. This results in inhibition of cardiomyocyte apoptosis through increasing Bcl-2 levels, activity, and levels of MnSOD; decreasing expression of Bax; decreasing cytochrome C release; and improving mitochondria biogenesis through upregulation of Mfn-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Attalla Farag El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Samy M Eleawa
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, PAAET, Shuwaikh, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Samir Ahmed Zaki
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahmy El-Sayed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Alaa Eldeen
- Biology Department, Physiology Section, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Alkhateeb
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences/College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah A Alharbi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mekkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Aldera
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences/College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Khalil
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Eid RA, Zaki MSA, Al-Shraim M, Eldeen MA, Massoud EES, Shati AA, Kamar SS, Haidara MA. Silymarin's Defensive Role Against Hepatotoxicity induced By Amiodarone In Albino Rats. INT J MORPHOL 2021. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022021000200407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Eid RA, Zaki MSA, Al-Shraim M, Eldeen MA, Haidara MA. Grape seed extract protects against amiodarone - induced nephrotoxicity and ultrastructural alterations associated with the inhibition of biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in rats. Ultrastruct Pathol 2021; 45:49-58. [PMID: 33423596 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2020.1864076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Amiodarone (AMD) is one of the highly effective antiarrhythmic agents used for treating refractory arrhythmias. It is well known to have long-term administration side effects such as nephrotoxicity. The possible ameliorative effects of antioxidant grape seed extract; on the extent of tissue damage in AMD-induced nephrotoxicity has not been investigated before. Twenty-four albino rats were used in this study and divided into four groups (n = 6). The 1st group served as an untreated control group, under the same laboratory conditions, the 2nd group received (100 mg/kg/day) of grape seed extract (GSE), the 3rd group, AMD-treated group, received AMD (40 mg/kg/day) and the 4th group received both AMD and GSE in the same doses as the previous groups. AMD-treated group showed abnormal glomerular capillaries with wrinkling basement membranes damaged mesangial cells and distorted proximal tubules with plenty of lysosomes. Ultrastructural alterations were also observed in this group. This was also associated with a significant increase in biomarkers of kidney injury (creatinine), oxidative stress ((Decreased SOD and increased MDA) and biomarkers of inflammation IL-6) in comparison to the control group. Supplementation of GSE to AMD group for eight weeks counteracted these effects. It caused an improvement in histological and t ultrastructure changes of the renal tissues associated with decreased creatinine and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in comparison to AMD-treated group. We conclude that GSE protects against AMD-induced kidney injuries in rats, which is associated with the inhibition of biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A Eid
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Samir Ahmed Zaki
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Histology Department, College of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Alaa Eldeen
- Biology Department, Physiology Section, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Haidara
- Physiology Department, Kasr al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Radad K, Al-Shraim M, Al-Emam A, Rausch WD, Moldzio R. Autophagy Inhibitor 3-Methyladenine could not Modulate Rotenone Neurotoxicity in Primary Mesencephalic Cell Culture. INT J MORPHOL 2020. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022020000300530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Eid RA, Khalil MA, Alkhateeb MA, Eleawa SM, Zaki MSA, El-Kott AF, Al-Shraim M, El-Sayed F, Eldeen MA, Bin-Meferij MM, Awaji KME, Shatoor AS. Exendin-4 Attenuates Remodeling in the Remote Myocardium of Rats After an Acute Myocardial Infarction by Activating β-Arrestin-2, Protein Phosphatase 2A, and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 and Inhibiting β-Catenin. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 35:1095-1110. [PMID: 32474680 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study tested if the protective anti-remodeling effect of GLP-1 agonist Exendin-4 after an acute myocardial infarction (MI) in rats involves inhibition of the Wnt1/β-catenin signaling pathway. METHODS Rats were divided into sham, sham + Exendin-4 (10 μg/day, i.p), MI, and MI + Exendin-4. MI was introduced to rats by permanent left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation. RESULTS On day 7 post-infraction, MI rats showed LV dysfunction with higher serum levels of cardiac markers. Their remote myocardia showed increased mRNA and protein levels of collagen I/III with higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines, as well as protein levels of Wnt1, phospho-Akt, transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), Smad, phospho-Smad3, α-SMA, caspase-3, and Bax. They also showed higher protein levels of phospho-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK3β), as well as total, phosphorylated, and nuclear β-catenin with a concomitant decrease in the levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), mRNA of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and protein levels of Bcl-2, β-arrestin-2, and protein phosphatase-2 (PP2A). Administration of Exendin-4 to MI rats reduced the infarct size and reversed the aforementioned signaling molecules without altering protein levels of TGF-1β and Wnt1 or Akt activation. Interestingly, Exendin-4 increased mRNA levels of MnSOD, protein levels of β-arrestin-2 and PP2A, and β-catenin phosphorylation but reduced the phosphorylation of GSK3β and Smad3, and total β-catenin levels in the LV of control rats. CONCLUSION Exendin-4 inhibits the remodeling in the remote myocardium of rats following acute MI by attenuating β-catenin activation and activating β-arrestin-2, PP2A, and GSK3β. Graphical Abstract A graphical abstract that illustrates the mechanisms by which Exendin-4 inhibits cardiac remodeling in remote myocardium of left ventricle MI-induced rats. Mechanisms are assumed to occur in the cardiomyocytes and/or other resident cells such as fibroblast. Β-catenin activation and nuclear translocation are associated with increased synthesis of inflammatory cytokines and transforming growth factor β-1 (TGF-β1). GSK3β is inhibited by phosphorylation at Ser9. Under normal conditions, β-catenin is degraded in the cytoplasm by the active GSK3β-dependent degradation complex (un-phosphorylated) which usually phosphorylates β-catenin at Ser33/37/Thr41. After MI, TGF-β1, and Wnt 1 levels are significantly increased, the overproduction of Wnt1 induces β-catenin stabilization and nuclear translocation through increasing the phosphorylation of disheveled (DVL) protein which in turn phosphorylates and inhibits GSK3β. TGF-β1 stimulates the phosphorylation of Smad-3 and subsequent nuclear translocation to activate the transcription of collage 1/III and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Besides, TGF-β1 stabilizes cytoplasmic β-catenin levels indirectly by phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308-induced inhibition of GSK3β by increasing phosphorylation of Ser9. Exendin-4, and possibly through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), increases levels of cAMP and upregulates β-arrestin-2 levels. Both can result in a positive inotropic effect. Besides, β-arrestin-2 can stimulate PP2A to dephosphorylation Smad3 (inhibition) and GSK3β (activation), thus reduces fibrosis and prevents the activation of β-catenin and collagen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Adnan Khalil
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Alkhateeb
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy M Eleawa
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, PAAET, Shuwaikh, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Samir Ahmed Zaki
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Attalla Farag El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahmy El-Sayed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Alaa Eldeen
- Department of Biology, Physiology Section, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Khalid M E Awaji
- Clinical laboratories Department, Asser Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Shatoor
- Department of Clinical Cardiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Radad K, Amir YE, Al-Emam A, Al-Shraim M, Bin-Jaliah I, Krewenka C, Moldzio R. Minocycline protects against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity and testicular damage in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2020; 33:87-95. [PMID: 32425341 PMCID: PMC7218239 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2019-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effects of minocycline against acrylamide (ACR)-induced neurotoxicity and testicular damage in Sprague-Dawley rats. Forty rats were divided into five groups (eight rats each). Group I received saline (0.5 mL/rat) daily for 10 days and served as the untreated control group. Group II received ACR (30 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) daily for 10 days. Group III received ACR (30 mg/kg b.w.) daily for 10 days and subsequently minocycline (60 mg/kg b.w.) for five days. Group IV received ACR (30 mg/kg b.w.) daily for 10 days followed by saline for five days and served as the control group for the ACR-minocycline-treated group. Group V received minocycline (60 mg/kg b.w.) for five days. All treatments were administered orally. Rats in group I and V showed normal locomotor behavior and normal histology of the brain and testes. Administration of ACR (Group II and IV) resulted in weight loss and gait abnormalities. Furthermore, neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus and cerebellum and degeneration of the seminiferous tubular epithelium with formation of spermatid giant cells were observed. Ultrastructurally, ACR specifically damaged spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Acrylamide was also seen to cause a significant increase of malondialdehyde levels in the brain and testes. Treatment of ACR-administered rats with minocycline (Group III) significantly alleviated the loss of body weight and improved locomotor function. Minocycline also ameliorated neuronal degeneration and seminiferous tubular damage and decreased malondialdehyde concentrations. In conclusion, minocycline protects against neurotoxic effects of acrylamide and seminiferous tubular damage. Decreasing lipid peroxidation by minocycline might play a role in such protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Radad
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O.Box: 641, Abha, 61421, Aseer, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Yassmin El Amir
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Al-Emam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O.Box: 641, Abha, 61421, Aseer, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O.Box: 641, Abha, 61421, Aseer, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismaeel Bin-Jaliah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O.Box: 641, Abha, 61421, Aseer, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher Krewenka
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210, Austria
| | - Rudolf Moldzio
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210, Austria
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Eid RA, Dallak M, Al-Shraim M, Ellatif MA, Al-Ani R, Kamar SS, Negm S, Haidara MA. Suppression of Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Acute Kidney Injury and Renal Ultrastructural Damage in Rats by Vitamin E. INT J MORPHOL 2019. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022019000401335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Eid RA, Al-Shraim M, Zaki MS, Kamar SS, Abdel Latif NS, Negm S, Al-Ani B, Haidara MA. Vitamin E protects against monosodium glutamate-induced acute liver injury and hepatocyte ultrastructural alterations in rats. Ultrastruct Pathol 2019; 43:199-208. [PMID: 31599191 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2019.1673860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A. Eid
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Sa. Zaki
- Departments of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samaa S. Kamar
- Departments of Medical HistologyKasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha S. Abdel Latif
- Departments of Medical Pharmacology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sally Negm
- Departments of Microbiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Mahail Campus, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahjat Al-Ani
- Departments of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Haidara
- Departments of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Physiology Department, Kasr al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Al-Falki Y, Al-Shraim M, Alsabaani NA, Eid RA, Radad K. Ultrastructural changes of extraocular muscles in strabismus patients. Ultrastruct Pathol 2019; 43:145-153. [PMID: 31570030 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2019.1671927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Strabismus is an ocular disorder characterized by partial or complete inability to keep eye alignment. It represents a very common ocular problem at ophthalmology clinics worldwide. The current study aimed to show the most encountered ultrastructural changes in extraocular muscles (EOMs) collected from patients with different forms of strabismus. Nine specimens of EOMs were collected from five patients during strabismus correction surgery and processed for light and electron microscopy examinations. Histologically, skeletal muscle fibers in normal EOMs appeared tight and normally arranged with clear striations. In strabismic muscles, the fibers appeared disarranged, and atrophied, swollen and disintegrated in some situations. By transmission electron microscopy, normal EOMs were formed of skeletal muscle fibers with intact basal membrane and sarcolemma, tightly aligned myofibrils with well-arranged sarcomeres, Z line and H zone, and normally distributed mitochondria. On the other hand, strabismic EOMs revealed vacuolation and degeneration of myofibrils, accumulation of lipid droplets, subsarcolemmal inclusions and clustering of mitochondria. EOMs obtained from a Down syndrome patient with V-pattern infantile esotropia showed extensive vacuolation and disintegration of myofibrils, and extra- and intracellular deposition of collagen fibers. Interestingly, some skeletal muscle cells exhibited features of autophagic cell death with a trial of engulfing process by neighboring cells. In conclusion, our study traces some characteristic ultrastructural changes in strabismic EOMs, most notably, extensive vacuolation, clustering of mitochondria, degeneration of myofibrils and autophagic changes. These changes might be emphasized as possibly secondary to strabismus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Al-Falki
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Division, College of medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser A Alsabaani
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Division, College of medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Refaat A Eid
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Radad
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Emam A, Al-Shraim M, Eid RA, Jamil AM, Moustafa MF, Radad K. Cytotoxicity of Euphorbia peplus Extract on MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells. Folia Biol (Praha) 2019. [DOI: 10.3409/fb_67-3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of Euphorbia peplus aqueous extract on human breast cancer cell line MCF7 was examined. The short and long term cytotoxicity were evaluated using sulphorhodamine B and clonogenic assays respectively. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were
employed to examine Euphorbia peplus-induced ultrastructural changes in MCF7 cells. The sulphorhodamine B assay revealed that Euphorbia peplus inhibits the growth of MCF7 with an IC50 of 30.32 μg/ml. The clonogenic assay proved that Euphorbia peplus' growth
inhibitory effect is long lasting. The ultrastructural examination demonstrated that Euphorbia peplus extract induces MCF7 cell death. Scanning electron microscopy showed apoptotic blebbing. Transmission electron microscopy displayed cellular shrinkage, the formulation of apoptotic
bodies, mitochondrial changes, nuclear shrinkage, chromatin condensation, autophagic vacuoles, and necrotic changes. In summary, Euphorbia peplus has displayed growth inhibitory activity against MCF7 cells and induces cell death predominantly via apoptosis and could be exploited as
a breast cancer treatment after further evaluation.
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Eid RA, Eleawa SM, Alkhateeb MA, Aldera H, Zaki MSA, Al-Shraim M, Saeed MA, El-Kott AF, Alaa Eldeen M, Alassiri M, Alshehri MM, Salem Al-Shudiefat AAR, Khalil MA. Chronic consumption of a high-fat diet rich in corn oil activates intrinsic cell death pathway and induces several ultrastructural changes in the atria of healthy and type 1 diabetic rat. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:1111-1123. [PMID: 31398260 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of chronic consumption of a high-fat diet rich in corn oil (CO-HFD) on atrial cells ultrastructure, antioxidant levels and markers of intrinsic cell death of both control and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)-induced rats. Adult male rats (10 rats/group) were divided into four groups: control fed standard diet (STD) (3.82 kcal/g, 9.4% fat), CO-HFD (5.4 kcal/g, 40% fat), T1DM fed STD, and T1DM + CO-HFD. CO-HFD and T1DM alone or in combination impaired systolic and diastolic functions of rats and significantly reduced levels of GSH and the activity of SOD, enhanced lipid peroxidation, increased protein levels of P53, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and ANF and decreased levels of Bcl-2 in their atria. Concomitantly, atrial cells exhibited fragmentation of the myofibrils, disorganized mitochondria, decreased number of atrionatriuretic factor (ANF) granules, and loss of gap junctions accompanied by changes in capillary walls. Among all treatments, the severity of all these findings was more severe in T1DM and most profound in the atria of T1DM + CO-HFD. In conclusion, chronic consumption of CO-HFD by T1DM-induced rats elicits significant biochemical and ultrastructural damage to rat atrial cells accompanied by elevated oxidative stress and mitochondria-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy M Eleawa
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, PAAET, Shuwaikh, Kuwait
| | - Mahmoud A Alkhateeb
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Aldera
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Samir Ahmed Zaki
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour A Saeed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Attalla Farag El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Alaa Eldeen
- Physiology Section, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Alassiri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed M Alshehri
- Central Laboratories, King Faisal Medical City (Southern Region), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad A Khalil
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Eid RA, Al-Shraim M, Eleawa SM, Zaki MSA, El-kott AF, Eldeen MA, Alkhateeb MA, Alassiri M, Alderah H. Fish oil protects against corn oil-induced cardiac insulin resistance and left ventricular dysfunction in rats via upregulation of PPAR-β/γ and inhibition of diacylglycerol/PCK axis activation. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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19
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Eid RA, Alkhateeb MA, Al-Shraim M, Eleawa SM, Shatoor AS, El-Kott AF, Zaki MSA, Shatoor KA, Bin-Jaliah I, Al-Hashem FH. Ghrelin prevents cardiac cell apoptosis during cardiac remodelling post experimentally induced myocardial infarction in rats via activation of Raf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signalling. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:93-103. [PMID: 29447000 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1437751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Mechanisms by which ghrelin affords its cardioprotection in mammals remained unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine if ghrelin confers cardio-protection during cardiac remodelling post-MI by modulating the RAF-1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signalling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were divided into control, sham, sham + ghrelin, myocardial infarction (MI), and MI + ghrelin groups. Ghrelin (100 µg/kg) was administered for 21 days, starting one-day post-MI. RESULTS Ghrelin enhanced cardiac contractility and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, lowered serum levels of enzyme markers of cardiac dysfunction, and lowered inflammatory mediator levels. Ghrelin increased levels of phospho-Raf-1 (Ser338), phospho-MEK1/2 (Ser217/221), phospho-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204), and of their downstream target p-BAD (Ser112) and inhibited the cleavage of caspase-3. Concomitantly, ghrelin prevented the increases in the levels of fibrotic markers, including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), metalloproteinase-9 (MPP-9), and type III collagen. CONCLUSION Post-MI in rats, ghrelin stimulated Raf-1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2-BAD signalling in the LV infarct areas, accounting for its anti-apoptotic effect, enhancing cardiac function, and inhibiting cardiac fibrosis during cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A Eid
- a Department of Pathology, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Alkhateeb
- b Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- a Department of Pathology, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy M Eleawa
- c Department of Applied Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences , PAAET , Kuwait
| | - Abdullah S Shatoor
- d Cardiology section, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla Farag El-Kott
- e Department of Biology, College of Science , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid A Shatoor
- g College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismaeel Bin-Jaliah
- h Department of Physiology, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahaid H Al-Hashem
- h Department of Physiology, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
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Eissa M, Patel AA, Farag S, Babiker NH, Al-Shahrani MS, Al-Nahari AM, Al Sahmaa AM, Al-Shraim M. Awareness and Attitude of University Students About Screening and Testing for Hemoglobinopathies: Case Study of the Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia. Hemoglobin 2019; 42:264-268. [PMID: 30821195 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2018.1541802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobinopathies can disturb a patient's life style leading to community problems. Premarital screening is an important tool to control and minimize hemoglobinopathies. This study aimed to assess and improve the awareness and attitude of King Khalid University (KKU) [Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)] students in the Aseer Region, regarding hemoglobinopathies and the National Premarital Screening Programme (NPMS) in addition to screening for hemoglobin (Hb) variants of students who agreed to participate. This study was an interventional educational prospective study of electronic-lectures (e-lectures) that addressed some important issues of hemoglobinopathies and premarital screening. Six hundred and eleven students were interviewed during the academic year 2017/2018, using closed-ended questionnaires that distributed before and after intervention. Blood samples were taken from 114 students who agreed to check their Hb type by the D-10 Hemoglobin Testing System. The results revealed significant changes in knowledge and attitude of students toward hemoglobinopathies and premarital counseling after intervention. These results reflected the need for easily accessible and continuous health education programs for students to increase their awareness and attitude toward hemoglobinopathies. Laboratory results for 114 students revealed seven cases with microcytic hypochromic anemia (6.1%); they were all females. Blood screening for Hb variants revealed another two females (1.75%) with sickle cell trait (Hb AS). Electronic-health (E-health) is an efficient tool for improving the awareness and attitude of the community toward hemoglobinopathies. Screening blood tests for detection of hemoglobinopathies should be provided to young adults at an earlier stage (before marriage) to decrease the incidence of hereditary diseases in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Eissa
- a Pathology Department, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,b Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Ayyub A Patel
- c Clinical Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shehata Farag
- d High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt.,e Community and Family Medicine Department, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Kindom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa H Babiker
- f Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science , Abha , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak S Al-Shahrani
- f Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science , Abha , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Albatool M Al-Nahari
- f Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science , Abha , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Al Sahmaa
- g Laboratory and Blood Bank Department , Aseer Central Hospital , Abha , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- b Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
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Eid RA, Zaki MSA, Alghamdi MA, Al-Shraim M, El-kott AF, Al-Hashem FH, Aldera H, Alkhateeb MA. Ghrelin Improves the Fine Structure of Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) Granules and Intercalated Disc Junctions in Experimentally-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats. INT J MORPHOL 2018. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022018000301031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Radad K, Moldzio R, Al-Shraim M, Al-Emam A, Rausch WD. Long-term neurotoxic effects of domoic acid on primary dopaminergic neurons. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:279-285. [PMID: 30017864 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Domoic acid, an excitatory neurotoxin produced by certain algae, reaches the food chain through accumulation in some sea organisms. To investigate its long-term neurotoxicity on dopaminergic neurons, prepared primary mesencephalic cell cultures were exposed to different concentrations of domoic acid (0.1, 1, 10, 100 μM) on the 8th day in vitro (DIV) for 4 days. On the 12th DIV, culture media were collected for measurement of lactate dehydrogenase and cultured cells were subjected to immunohistochemistry against tyrosine hydroxylase, neuronal nuclear antigen and glial fibrillary acidic protein, and fluorescence staining using H2DCFDA, JC-1 and Hoechst 33342 dyes. Moreover, roles of AMPA/KA and NMDA receptors in domoic acid neurotoxicity were also investigated. Domoic acid significantly decreased the number of dopaminergic neurons and adversely affected their morphology, and slightly reduced the expression of neuronal nuclear antigen and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Co-treatment of cultures with domoic acid and the AMPA/KA or NMDA receptor antagonists NBQX and MK-801 rescued significant number of dopaminergic neurons. Domoic acid significantly decreased red:green fluorescence ratio of JC-1 and did not affect production of reactive oxygen species and apoptotic cell death. In conclusions, the present study reveals that long-term treatment of primary mesencephalic cell culture with domoic acid significantly destroyed dopaminergic neurons. This effect appears to be attributed to activation of AMPA/KA and NMDA receptors and mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Radad
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Rudolf Moldzio
- Department for Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Emam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Forensic and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Wolf-Dieter Rausch
- Department for Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Eid RA, Al-Shraim M, Al-Falki Y, Al-Emam A, Alsabaani NA, Radad K. Radiation-induced damage to lacrimal glands: an ultrastructural study in Sprague Dawley rats. Ultrastruct Pathol 2018; 42:358-364. [PMID: 29952682 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2018.1488790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Injury to lacrimal glands represents a major health problem after radiation therapy of the head and neck malignancies. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate significant ultrastructural changes of lacrimal glands and some of their underlying mechanisms following the exposure to different fractionated doses of irradiation. In this study, 28 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to four groups (seven rats each): Group I acted as control and received no irradiation. Groups II-IV received fractionated irradiation of 5 Gy (100 cGy/fraction daily for 5 days), 9 Gy (300 cGy/fraction daily for 3 days), and 20 Gy (one fraction), respectively. One month after the experiment, examination of lacrimal glands with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated dose-dependent ultrastructural changes in the lacrimal acinar and intralobular ductal epithelial cells. In the acinar cells, there were swollen rough endoplasmic reticulum, irregularly shaped nuclei with chromatin condensation, mitochondrial damage, and retention of secretory granules. Intaralobular ductal epithelial cells showed loss of surface microvilli and damage to mitochondria. In addition to the potential direct effects of irradiation on lacrimal acinar and intralobular ductal epithelial cells, damage to blood vessels and nerve endings seemed to mediate some of the underlying mechanisms of these irradiation-induced ultrastructural changes. In conclusion, using TEM reveals that lacrimal gland is highly sensitive to even small doses of irradiation therapy; in addition, swelling of rough endoplasmic reticulum and aberrant nuclei are the most encountered structural changes. Damage to blood vessels and nerve endings might mediate some of the underlying mechanisms of irradiation-induced secondary injury in lacrimal glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A Eid
- a Department of Pathology, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- a Department of Pathology, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya Al-Falki
- b Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Division, College of medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Emam
- a Department of Pathology, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia.,c Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Nasser A Alsabaani
- b Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Division, College of medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Radad
- a Department of Pathology, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
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Al-Emam A, Al-Shraim M, Eid R, Alfaifi M, Al-Shehri M, Moustafa MF, Radad K. Ultrastructural changes induced by Solanum incanum aqueous extract on HCT 116 colon cancer cells. Ultrastruct Pathol 2018; 42:255-261. [PMID: 29565703 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2018.1447623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have recently gained increasing scientific interest as an important source of molecules with different therapeutic potentials. Accordingly, the present study was carried out to investigate ultrastructural changes induced by the aqueous extract of Solanum incanum (SI) fruit on human colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT 116 cells). Examination of SI-treated HCT 116 cells with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated numerous ultrastructural changes in the form of loss of the surface microvilli, mitochondrial damage and dilatation of cristae, and formation of autophagic vacuoles and increasing numbers of lipid droplets. Also, majority of the treated cells showed nuclear shrinkage with chromatin condensation and nucleolar changes. Moreover, some cells showed focal areas of cytoplasmic degeneration associating with formation of myelin figures and fatty globules. In conclusion, TEM was able to verify cytotoxicity of SI aqueous extract against HCT 116 colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Emam
- a Department of Pathology, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia.,b Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura, University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- a Department of Pathology, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Refaat Eid
- a Department of Pathology, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Alfaifi
- c Department of Biology, College of Science , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Al-Shehri
- c Department of Biology, College of Science , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Fawzy Moustafa
- c Department of Biology, College of Science , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia.,d Department of Botany, Faculty of Science , South Vally University , Qena , Egypt
| | - Khaled Radad
- a Department of Pathology, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
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Eid RA, Alkhateeb MA, Eleawa S, Al-Hashem FH, Al-Shraim M, El-Kott AF, Zaki MSA, Dallak MA, Aldera H. Cardioprotective effect of ghrelin against myocardial infarction-induced left ventricular injury via inhibition of SOCS3 and activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:13. [PMID: 29392420 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms through which ghrelin exerts its cardioprotective effects during cardiac remodeling post-myocardial infarction (MI) are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the cardioprotection mechanisms are mediated by modulation of JAK/STAT signaling and what triggers this modulation. Rats were divided into six groups (n = 12/group): control, sham, sham + ghrelin (100 µg/kg, s.c., daily, starting 1 day post-MI), MI, MI+ ghrelin, and MI+ ghrelin+ AG490, a potent JAK2 inhibitor (5 mg/kg, i.p., daily). All treatments were administered for 3 weeks. Administration of ghrelin to MI rats improved left ventricle (LV) architecture and restored cardiac contraction. In remote non-infarcted areas of MI rats, ghrelin reduced cardiac inflammation and lipid peroxidation and enhanced antioxidant enzymatic activity. In addition, independent of the growth factor/insulin growth factor-1 (GF/IGF-1) axis, ghrelin significantly increased the phosphorylation of JAK2 and Tyr702 and Ser727 residues of STAT3 and inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK1 and Tyr701 and Ser727 residues of STAT1, simultaneously increasing the expression of BCL-2 and decreasing in the expression of BAX, cleaved CASP3, and FAS. This effect coincided with decreased expression of SOCS3. All these beneficial effects of ghrelin, except its inhibitory action on IL-6 expression, were partially and significantly abolished by the co-administration of AG490. In conclusion, the cardioprotective effect of ghrelin against MI-induced LV injury is exerted via activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling and inhibition of STAT1 signaling. These effects were independent of the GF/IGF-1 axis and could be partially mediated via inhibition of cardiac IL-6.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cardiovascular Agents/administration & dosage
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ghrelin/administration & dosage
- Heart Ventricles/drug effects
- Heart Ventricles/enzymology
- Heart Ventricles/pathology
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Janus Kinase 2/metabolism
- Male
- Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy
- Myocardial Infarction/enzymology
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/enzymology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahmoud A Alkhateeb
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Eleawa
- College of Health Sciences, Applied Medical Sciences Department, PAAET, Shuwaikh, Kuwait
| | - Fahaid H Al-Hashem
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla Farag El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Samir Ahmed Zaki
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Dallak
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Aldera
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 14611, Saudi Arabia
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Radad K, Moldzio R, Al-Shraim M, Kranner B, Krewenka C, Rausch WD. Recent Advances on the Role of Neurogenesis in the Adult Brain: Therapeutic Potential in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases. CNSNDDT 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527316666170623094728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Radad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Rudolf Moldzio
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Barbara Kranner
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Krewenka
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolf-Dieter Rausch
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A. Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahmy El-Sayed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Radad
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Bawahab M, Alshumrani G, Al-Shraim M, Eskandar M, Shaamash A. Isolated left descended inguinal ovary with ipsilateral ectopic pelvic kidney: a case report and review of literature. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2017. [DOI: 10.12891/ceog3531.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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29
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Bawahab M, Alshumrani G, Al-Shraim M, Eskandar M, Shaamash A. Isolated left descended inguinal ovary with ipsilateral ectopic pelvic kidney: a case report and review of literature. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2017; 44:483-486. [PMID: 29949302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Isolatd descended inguinal ovary is a rarity, but it should be considered as a differential diagnosis of an inguinal mass at any age; in particular during female infancy and up to adulthood. Herein the authors report a case of asymptomatic isolated left descended inguinal ovary, with ipsilateral left ectopic pelvic kidney that was accidentally discovered a few years after menarche.
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30
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Radad K, Moldzio R, Al-Shraim M, Al-Emam A, Rausch WD. Comparable neuroprotective effect of rapamycin against low and high rotenone concentrations in primary dopaminergic cell culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.7324/japs.2016.601122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Ali AS, Al-Shraim M, Al-Hakami AM, Jones IM. Epstein- Barr Virus: Clinical and Epidemiological Revisits and Genetic Basis of Oncogenesis. Open Virol J 2015; 9:7-28. [PMID: 26862355 PMCID: PMC4740969 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901509010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is classified as a member in the order herpesvirales, family herpesviridae, subfamily gammaherpesvirinae and the genus lymphocytovirus. The virus is an exclusively human pathogen and thus also termed as human herpesvirus 4 (HHV4). It was the first oncogenic virus recognized and has been incriminated in the causation of tumors of both lymphatic and epithelial nature. It was reported in some previous studies that 95% of the population worldwide are serologically positive to the virus. Clinically, EBV primary infection is almost silent, persisting as a life-long asymptomatic latent infection in B cells although it may be responsible for a transient clinical syndrome called infectious mononucleosis. Following reactivation of the virus from latency due to immunocompromised status, EBV was found to be associated with several tumors. EBV linked to oncogenesis as detected in lymphoid tumors such as Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin's disease (HD), post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) and T-cell lymphomas (e.g. Peripheral T-cell lymphomas; PTCL and Anaplastic large cell lymphomas; ALCL). It is also linked to epithelial tumors such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), gastric carcinomas and oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL). In vitro, EBV many studies have demonstrated its ability to transform B cells into lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Despite these malignancies showing different clinical and epidemiological patterns when studied, genetic studies have suggested that these EBV- associated transformations were characterized generally by low level of virus gene expression with only the latent virus proteins (LVPs) upregulated in both tumors and LCLs. In this review, we summarize some clinical and epidemiological features of EBV- associated tumors. We also discuss how EBV latent genes may lead to oncogenesis in the different clinical malignancies
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelwahid Saeed Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Musa Al-Hakami
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ian M Jones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Reading, G37 AMS Wing, UK
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32
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Abstract
Macroautophagy is a highly regulated intracellular process that, under certain circumstances, delivers cytoplasmic components to the lysosomes for degradation. It consists of several sequential steps including initiation and nucleation, double membrane formation and elongation, formation and maturation of autophagosomes and finally autophagosomes/lysosomes fusion and degradation of intra-autophagosomal contents by lysosomal enzymes. After decades of considering autophagy as a cell death pathway, it has recently been shown to have a survival function through clearing of protein aggregates and damaged cytoplasmic organelles in response to a variety of stress conditions. Most recently, there is increasing evidence from literature revealing that autophagy induction may combat neurodegeneration. In the light of this, our current review tried to address the recent advances in the role of induced autophagy in neuroprotection with a particular focus on its contribution in the most common neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Radad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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33
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Abstract
Testicular neuroendocrine tumor is rare. It accounts for less than 1% of all testicular neoplasms. More than 60 cases have been published in the literature. A 27-year-old man presented with left testicular mass and underwent radical orchidectomy. Histological examination showed neuroendocrine tumor, confirmed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The patient showed no evidence of metastasis over 1-year follow-up post-orchidectomy in spite of extensive tumor necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakir Alsharif
- Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Hospital - Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alhadi
- Department of Urology, Armed Forces Hospital - Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Aown
- Department of Urology, Armed Forces Hospital - Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawzy Fooshang
- Department of Urology, Armed Forces Hospital - Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Refat Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
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34
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Fageeh N, Al-Shraim M. Inverted Papilloma Isolated in the Nasopharynx. BMB 2013. [DOI: 10.12816/0000518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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35
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Radad K, Al-Shraim M, Moldzio R, Rausch WD. Recent advances in benefits and hazards of engineered nanoparticles. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 34:661-672. [PMID: 22964156 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Over recent decades, engineered nanoparticles are increasingly produced as the result of the rapid development in nanotechnology. They are currently used in a wide range of industrial and public sectors including healthcare, agriculture, transport, energy, materials, and information and communication technologies. As the result, an increasing concern has been raised over the potential impacts of engineered nanoparticles to human health. In the light of this, it is the purpose of the present review to discuss: (1) novel properties of engineered nanoparticles particularly in biomedical sciences, (2) most recently reported adverse effects of manufactured nanoparticles on human health and (3) different aspects of toxicological risk assessment of these nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Radad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
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37
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Al-Shraim M, Rabie ME, Elhakeem H, Kandeel A, Shah MT, Jamil S. Pancreatic heterotopia in the gallbladder associated with chronic cholecystitis: a rare combination. JOP 2010; 11:464-466. [PMID: 20818117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pancreatic heterotopia is a rare pathologic entity, previously reported in the stomach, duodenum and jejunum. It is mostly asymptomatic and rarely gives rise to complications. Localization of pancreatic heterotopia in the gallbladder is extremely rare and can be associated with cholecystitis or cholecystolithiasis. CASE REPORT We herein describe a case of a 39-year-old man who presented with biliary type pain with ultrasonographic evidence of a gallbladder polyp. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed with uneventful recovery. Pathologic examination of the gallbladder detected a heterotopic focus of pancreatic tissue in its wall, associated with chronic cholecystitis with no gallstones. CONCLUSION Pancreatic heterotopia of the gallbladder is a very rare entity with unknown clinical significance. Awareness of this condition may facilitate its recognition which may shed more light on its clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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39
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Abstract
Primary paratesticular osteosarcoma is an extremely rare malignancy and, to date, only a few cases have been reported. To our knowledge, no such case arising directly from paratesticular soft tissue has been described. We describe a 52-year-old man who presented with left scrotal swelling and an excisional biopsy that revealed a sarcomatous lesion. Left inguinal orchiectomy was performed and histologic examination of the extensively sampled lesion revealed a pure paratesticular osteosarcoma. The patient died 6 months after the diagnosis with disseminated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Al-Masri
- Department of Pathology, King Hussein Medical Centre, The Royal Medical Services Amman, Jordan.
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40
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Al-Shraim M, Asa SL. The 2004 World Health Organization classification of pituitary tumors: what is new? Acta Neuropathol 2006; 111:1-7. [PMID: 16328527 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-005-1093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2005] [Revised: 05/17/2005] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The classification of pituitary tumors is a dynamic area that changes with advances in cell biology that provide a deeper insight and clearer understanding of cell lineages and pathogenetic mechanisms. The 2004 edition of the World Heath Organization (WHO) text "Histological typing of endocrine tumors" reflects the progress that has been achieved since the previous edition of 2000. Here we review the new information and identify areas of concern for the next effort at classification of pituitary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network and Toronto Medical Laboratories, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
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41
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Abstract
✓ Subacute posttraumatic ascending myelopathy (SPAM) is a rare disorder that may gradually emerge in the first 1 to 3 weeks after a spinal cord injury and is unrelated to syrinx formation or mechanical instability. In addition to several theories that have been put forth to explain the origin of this syndrome, the authors propose a possible role for apoptosis in the causation and the progression of SPAM. They discuss the various theories that have been proposed thus far, to place the role of apoptosis in perspective and use their case as an illustration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak Al-Ghatany
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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42
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Al-Shraim M, Mahboub B, Neligan PC, Chamberlain D, Ghazarian D. Primary pleural epithelioid haemangioendothelioma with metastases to the skin. A case report and literature review. J Clin Pathol 2005; 58:107-9. [PMID: 15623498 PMCID: PMC1770548 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2004.018937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare vascular tumour of intermediate behaviour. It can arise from various sites including the liver, spleen, pleura, or lung. Cutaneous EHE can be primary or secondary. This report describes the case of a 51 year old man who presented with a history of dry cough, shortness of breath, and pleural effusion, and who developed two cutaneous nodules in the anterior abdominal wall a few weeks later. He had a previous history of asbestos exposure. Computed tomography scan showed a left sided pleural effusion and nodular pleural mass. Histology of both the pleural and cutaneous lesions was compatible with EHE. Electron microscopic examination demonstrated the presence of Weibel-Palade bodies. The patient underwent elliptical excision of the metastatic cutaneous nodules after decortication of the primary pleural tumour and adjuvant treatment. A few reports have described metastasis of intrathoracic EHE to the skin. Despite treatment with interferon, the patient developed more cutaneous lesions two years after the initial diagnosis. Even though the tumour has the classic light histological and ultrastructural features of EHE, it behaved in an aggressive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Al-Shraim
- Division of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G2M9, Canada
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Jastania RA, Alsaad KO, Al-Shraim M, Kovacs K, Asa SL. Double adenomas of the pituitary: transcription factors Pit-1, T-pit, and SF-1 identify cytogenesis and differentiation. Endocr Pathol 2005; 16:187-94. [PMID: 16299401 DOI: 10.1385/ep:16:3:187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of double adenomas of the pituitary can be very complex and is usually suspected on histological assessment of a specimen and confirmed by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. The most commonly applied technique is currently immunohistochemical staining to localize the six pituitary hormones. Application of this technique may fail to identify double adenomas when hormone immunoreactivity is weak or absent in one or both cell populations. We examined specimens from eight patients diagnosed with double adenomas over a 15-yr period. We tested the ability to detect the difference in the two adenomas in each case using three immunostains for the pituitary transcription factors Pit-1, T-pit, and SF-1. We conclude that immunohistochemical localization of the transcription factors Pit-1, T-pit, and SF-1 accurately detects and classifies the distinct cytodifferentiation of double adenomas of the pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Jastania
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network & Toronto Medical Laboratories, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto
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Al-Shraim M, Syro LV, Kovacs K, Estrada H, Uribe H, Al-Gahtany M. Inflammatory pseudotumor of the pituitary: Case report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 62:264-7; discussion 267. [PMID: 15336877 DOI: 10.1016/j.surneu.2003.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2003] [Accepted: 09/29/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory pseudotumor of the pituitary is a very rare nonneoplastic lesion. We describe a case of a patient with past history of lymphocytic meningitis. CASE DESCRIPTION A 32-year-old man presented with polyuria, polydipsia, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, and panhypopituitarism. He had 2 episodes of lymphocytic meningitis in the last two years. Magnetic resonance image (MRI) disclosed a sellar and suprasellar mass with extension to the pituitary stalk. The patient underwent transnasal-transsphenoidal surgery to remove the lesion. Histopathological findings revealed mixed inflammatory cells composed mainly of lymphocytes, macrophages and extensive fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory pseudotumor of the pituitary, although rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis of a sellar and suprasellar mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Division of Pathology, St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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