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Frost J, Schmitzer B, Töpperwien M, Eckermann M, Franz J, Stadelmann C, Salditt T. 3d virtual histology reveals pathological alterations of cerebellar granule cells in multiple sclerosis. Neuroscience 2023; 520:18-38. [PMID: 37061161 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigate structural properties of neurons in the granular layer of human cerebellum with respect to their involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS). To this end we analyze data recorded by X-ray phase contrast tomography from tissue samples collected post mortem from a MS and a healthy control group. Using automated segmentation and histogram analysis based on optimal transport theory (OT) we find that the distributions representing nuclear structure in the granular layer move to a more compact nuclear state, i.e. smaller, denser and more heterogeneous nuclei in MS. We have previously made a similar observation for neurons of the dentate gyrus in Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that more compact structure of neuronal nuclei which we attributed to increased levels of heterochromatin, may possibly represent a more general phenomenon of cellular senescence associated with neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Frost
- Institute of X-ray Physics, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmitzer
- Institute of Computer Science, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mareike Töpperwien
- Institute of X-ray Physics, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Germany; Present address: ESRF, Grenoble, France; Present adress: YXLON GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marina Eckermann
- Institute of X-ray Physics, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Germany; Present address: ESRF, Grenoble, France
| | - Jonas Franz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Universical Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, Universical Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Salditt
- Institute of X-ray Physics, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Germany
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2
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Liu Z, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Jiang W, Liu Y, Tang Q, Cai X, Li J, Wang L, Tao C, Yin X, Li X, Hou S, Jiang D, Liu K, Zhou X, Zhang H, Liu M, Fan C, Tian Y. Structural and functional imaging of brains. Sci China Chem 2022; 66:324-366. [PMID: 36536633 PMCID: PMC9753096 DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Analyzing the complex structures and functions of brain is the key issue to understanding the physiological and pathological processes. Although neuronal morphology and local distribution of neurons/blood vessels in the brain have been known, the subcellular structures of cells remain challenging, especially in the live brain. In addition, the complicated brain functions involve numerous functional molecules, but the concentrations, distributions and interactions of these molecules in the brain are still poorly understood. In this review, frontier techniques available for multiscale structure imaging from organelles to the whole brain are first overviewed, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), serial-section electron microscopy (ssEM), light microscopy (LM) and synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy (XRM). Specially, XRM for three-dimensional (3D) imaging of large-scale brain tissue with high resolution and fast imaging speed is highlighted. Additionally, the development of elegant methods for acquisition of brain functions from electrical/chemical signals in the brain is outlined. In particular, the new electrophysiology technologies for neural recordings at the single-neuron level and in the brain are also summarized. We also focus on the construction of electrochemical probes based on dual-recognition strategy and surface/interface chemistry for determination of chemical species in the brain with high selectivity and long-term stability, as well as electrochemophysiological microarray for simultaneously recording of electrochemical and electrophysiological signals in the brain. Moreover, the recent development of brain MRI probes with high contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and sensitivity based on hyperpolarized techniques and multi-nuclear chemistry is introduced. Furthermore, multiple optical probes and instruments, especially the optophysiological Raman probes and fiber Raman photometry, for imaging and biosensing in live brain are emphasized. Finally, a brief perspective on existing challenges and further research development is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Weiping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Yawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
| | - Qiaowei Tang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Jiang Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Changlu Tao
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | | | - Xiaowei Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Shangguo Hou
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Maili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Yang Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
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3
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Chen Z, Wang X, Wu H, Fan Y, Yan Z, Lu C, Ouyang H, Zhang S, Zhang M. X-box binding protein 1 as a key modulator in “healing endothelial cells”, a novel EC phenotype promoting angiogenesis after MCAO. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:97. [PMID: 36348288 PMCID: PMC9644469 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial cells (ECs) play an important role in angiogenesis and vascular reconstruction in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Previous investigations have provided a profound cerebral vascular atlas under physiological conditions, but have failed to identify new disease-related cell subtypes. We aimed to identify new EC subtypes and determine the key modulator genes. Methods Two datasets GSE174574 and GSE137482 were included in the study. Seurat was utilized as the standard quality-control pipeline. UCell was used to calculate single-cell scores to validate cellular identity. Monocle3 and CytoTRACE were utilized in aid of pseudo-time differentiation analysis. CellChat was utilized to infer the intercellular communication pathways. The angiogenesis ability of ECs was validated by MTS, Transwell, tube formation, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence assays in vitro and in vivo. A synchrotron radiation-based propagation contrast imaging was introduced to comprehensively portray cerebral vasculature. Results We successfully identified a novel subtype of EC named “healing EC” that highly expressed pan-EC marker and pro-angiogenic genes but lowly expressed all the arteriovenous markers identified in the vascular single-cell atlas. Further analyses showed its high stemness to differentiate into other EC subtypes and potential to modulate inflammation and angiogenesis via excretion of signal molecules. We therefore identified X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1) as a key modulator in the healing EC phenotype. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed its pro-angiogenic roles under both physiological and pathological conditions. Synchrotron radiation-based propagation contrast imaging further proved that Xbp1 could promote angiogenesis and recover normal vasculature conformation, especially in the corpus striatum and prefrontal cortex under middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) condition. Conclusions Our study identified a novel disease-related EC subtype that showed high stemness to differentiate into other EC subtypes. The predicted molecule Xbp1 was thus confirmed as a key modulator that can promote angiogenesis and recover normal vasculature conformation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11658-022-00399-5.
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Nanoscale Phase Separation of Incommensurate and Quasi-Commensurate Spin Stripes in Low Temperature Spin Glass of La2−xSrxNiO4. CONDENSED MATTER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/condmat6040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While spin striped phases in La2−xSrxNiO4+y for 0.25 < x < 0.33 are the archetypal case of a 1D spin density wave (SDW) phase in doped antiferromagnetic strongly correlated perovskites, few information is available on the SDW spatial organization. In this context, we have measured the spatial variation of the wave vector of the SDW reflection profile by scanning micro X-ray diffractions with a coherent beam. We obtained evidence of a SDW order–disorder transition by lowering a high temperature phase (T > 50 K) to a low temperature phase (T < 50 K). We have identified quasi-commensurate spin stripe puddles in the ordered phase at 50 < T < 70 K, while the low temperature spin glassy phase presents a nanoscale phase separation of T = 30 K, with the coexistence of quasi-commensurate and incommensurate spin stripe puddles assigned to the interplay of quantum frustration and strong electronic correlations.
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5
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Functional Nanoscale Phase Separation and Intertwined Order in Quantum Complex Materials. CONDENSED MATTER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/condmat6040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale phase separation (NPS), characterized by particular types of correlated disorders, plays an important role in the functionality of high-temperature superconductors (HTS). Our results show that multiscale heterogeneity is an essential ingredient of quantum functionality in complex materials. Here, the interactions developing between different structural units cause dynamical spatiotemporal conformations with correlated disorder; thus, visualizing conformational landscapes is fundamental for understanding the physical properties of complex matter and requires advanced methodologies based on high-precision X-ray measurements. We discuss the connections between the dynamical correlated disorder at nanoscale and the functionality in oxygen-doped perovskite superconducting materials.
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6
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Simultaneous 3D Visualization of the Microvascular and Neural Network in Mouse Spinal Cord Using Synchrotron Radiation Micro-Computed Tomography. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1469-1480. [PMID: 34146232 PMCID: PMC8490558 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective methods for visualizing neurovascular morphology are essential for understanding the normal spinal cord and the morphological alterations associated with diseases. However, ideal techniques for simultaneously imaging neurovascular structure in a broad region of a specimen are still lacking. In this study, we combined Golgi staining with angiography and synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SRμCT) to visualize the 3D neurovascular network in the mouse spinal cord. Using our method, the 3D neurons, nerve fibers, and vasculature in a broad region could be visualized in the same image at cellular resolution without destructive sectioning. Besides, we found that the 3D morphology of neurons, nerve fiber tracts, and vasculature visualized by SRμCT were highly consistent with that visualized using the histological method. Moreover, the 3D neurovascular structure could be quantitatively evaluated by the combined methodology. The method shown here will be useful in fundamental neuroscience studies.
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7
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Marcantoni M, Fuchs A, Löw P, Bartsch D, Kiehn O, Bellardita C. Early delivery and prolonged treatment with nimodipine prevents the development of spasticity after spinal cord injury in mice. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/539/eaay0167. [PMID: 32295897 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spasticity, one of the most frequent comorbidities of spinal cord injury (SCI), disrupts motor recovery and quality of life. Despite major progress in neurorehabilitative and pharmacological approaches, therapeutic strategies for treating spasticity are lacking. Here, we show in a mouse model of chronic SCI that treatment with nimodipine-an L-type calcium channel blocker already approved from the European Medicine Agency and from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-starting in the acute phase of SCI completely prevents the development of spasticity measured as increased muscle tone and spontaneous spasms. The aberrant muscle activities associated with spasticity remain inhibited even after termination of the treatment. Constitutive and conditional silencing of the L-type calcium channel CaV1.3 in neuronal subtypes demonstrated that this channel mediated the preventive effect of nimodipine on spasticity after SCI. This study identifies a treatment protocol and suggests that targeting CaV1.3 could prevent spasticity after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Marcantoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Andrea Fuchs
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17162 Solna, Sweden
| | - Peter Löw
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17162 Solna, Sweden
| | - Dusan Bartsch
- Transgenic Models, Central Institute of Mental Health, 28159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ole Kiehn
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen Denmark. .,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17162 Solna, Sweden
| | - Carmelo Bellardita
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen Denmark
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8
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Rodrigues PV, Tostes K, Bosque BP, de Godoy JVP, Amorim Neto DP, Dias CSB, Fonseca MDC. Illuminating the Brain With X-Rays: Contributions and Future Perspectives of High-Resolution Microtomography to Neuroscience. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:627994. [PMID: 33815039 PMCID: PMC8010130 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.627994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of three-dimensional (3D) brain cytoarchitecture at a cellular resolution remains a great challenge in the field of neuroscience and constant development of imaging techniques has become crucial, particularly when it comes to offering direct and clear obtention of data from macro to nano scales. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electron or optical microscopy, although valuable, still face some issues such as the lack of contrast and extensive sample preparation protocols. In this context, x-ray microtomography (μCT) has become a promising non-destructive tool for imaging a broad range of samples, from dense materials to soft biological specimens. It is a new supplemental method to be explored for deciphering the cytoarchitecture and connectivity of the brain. This review aims to bring together published works using x-ray μCT in neurobiology in order to discuss the achievements made so far and the future of this technique for neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulla Vieira Rodrigues
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Katiane Tostes
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Pelegrini Bosque
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Pereira de Godoy
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dionisio Pedro Amorim Neto
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos Sato Baraldi Dias
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light National Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Castro Fonseca
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
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9
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Jiang L, Cao Y, Yin X, Ni S, Li M, Li C, Luo Z, Lu H, Hu J. A combinatorial method to visualize the neuronal network in the mouse spinal cord: combination of a modified Golgi-Cox method and synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 155:477-489. [PMID: 33398435 PMCID: PMC8062354 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01949-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exploring the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of neurons is essential to understanding spinal cord function and associated diseases comprehensively. However, 3D imaging of the neuronal network in the broad region of the spinal cord at cellular resolution remains a challenge in the field of neuroscience. In this study, to obtain high-resolution 3D imaging of a detailed neuronal network in the mass of the spinal cord, the combination of synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SRμCT) and the Golgi-cox staining were used. We optimized the Golgi-Cox method (GCM) and developed a modified GCM (M-GCM), which improved background staining, reduced the number of artefacts, and diminished the impact of incomplete vasculature compared to the current GCM. Moreover, we achieved high-resolution 3D imaging of the detailed neuronal network in the spinal cord through the combination of SRμCT and M-GCM. Our results showed that the M-GCM increased the contrast between the neuronal structure and its surrounding extracellular matrix. Compared to the GCM, the M-GCM also diminished the impact of the artefacts and incomplete vasculature on the 3D image. Additionally, the 3D neuronal architecture was successfully quantified using a combination of SRμCT and M-GCM. The SRμCT was shown to be a valuable non-destructive tool for 3D visualization of the neuronal network in the broad 3D region of the spinal cord. Such a combinatorial method will, therefore, transform the presentation of Golgi staining from 2 to 3D, providing significant improvements in the 3D rendering of the neuronal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road No. 87, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sport and Health, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road No. 87, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sport and Health, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhen Yin
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangfei Ni
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road No. 87, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sport and Health, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road No. 87, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sport and Health, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengjun Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road No. 87, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sport and Health, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixiang Luo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road No. 87, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sport and Health, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road No. 87, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, People's Republic of China. .,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sport and Health, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road No. 87, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China. .,Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, People's Republic of China. .,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sport and Health, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Begani Provinciali G, Cedola A, Rochefoucauld ODL, Zeitoun P. Modelling of Phase Contrast Imaging with X-ray Wavefront Sensor and Partial Coherence Beams. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20226469. [PMID: 33198428 PMCID: PMC7697187 DOI: 10.3390/s20226469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Hartmann wavefront sensor is able to measure, separately and in absolute, the real δ and imaginary part β of the X-ray refractive index. While combined with tomographic setup, the Hartman sensor opens many interesting opportunities behind the direct measurement of the material density. In order to handle the different ways of using an X-ray wavefront sensor in imaging, we developed a 3D wave propagation model based on Fresnel propagator. The model can manage any degree of spatial coherence of the source, thus enabling us to model experiments accurately using tabletop, synchrotron or X-ray free-electron lasers. Beam divergence is described in a physical manner consistent with the spatial coherence. Since the Hartmann sensor can detect phase and absorption variation with high sensitivity, a precise simulation tool is thus needed to optimize the experimental parameters. Examples are displayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginevra Begani Provinciali
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique IP Paris, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- Institute of Nanotechnology-CNR c/o Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.B.P.); (P.Z.)
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology-CNR c/o Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Philippe Zeitoun
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique IP Paris, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- Correspondence: (G.B.P.); (P.Z.)
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11
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Palermo F, Pieroni N, Maugeri L, Provinciali GB, Sanna A, Massimi L, Catalano M, Olbinado MP, Bukreeva I, Fratini M, Uccelli A, Gigli G, Kerlero de Rosbo N, Balducci C, Cedola A. X-ray Phase Contrast Tomography Serves Preclinical Investigation of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:584161. [PMID: 33240038 PMCID: PMC7680960 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.584161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a qualitative study on central nervous system (CNS) damage that demonstrates the ability of X-ray phase contrast tomography (XPCT) to confirm data obtained with standard 2D methodology and permits the description of additional features that are not detected with 2D or other 3D techniques. In contrast to magnetic resonance or computed tomography, XPCT makes possible the high-resolution 3D imaging of soft tissues classically considered "invisible" to X-rays without the use of additional contrast agents, or without the need for intense processing of the tissue required by 2D techniques. Most importantly for studies of CNS diseases, XPCT enables a concomitant multi-scale 3D biomedical imaging of neuronal and vascular networks ranging from cells through to the CNS as a whole. In the last years, we have used XPCT to investigate neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), to shed light on brain damage and extend the observations obtained with standard techniques. Here, we show the cutting-edge ability of XPCT to highlight in 3D, concomitantly, vascular occlusions and damages, close associations between plaques and damaged vessels, as well as dramatic changes induced at neuropathological level by treatment in AD mice. We corroborate data on the well-known blood-brain barrier dysfunction in the animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and further show its extent throughout the CNS axis and at the level of the single vessel/capillary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Palermo
- TomaLab, Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Nicola Pieroni
- TomaLab, Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Morfogenesi e Ingegneria Tissutale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Maugeri
- TomaLab, Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Sanna
- TomaLab, Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Margie P Olbinado
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut X-ray Tomography Group, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Inna Bukreeva
- TomaLab, Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Uccelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology and Maternal-Fetal Medicine (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology and Maternal-Fetal Medicine (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudia Balducci
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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12
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Massimi L, Pieroni N, Maugeri L, Fratini M, Brun F, Bukreeva I, Santamaria G, Medici V, Poloni TE, Balducci C, Cedola A. Assessment of plaque morphology in Alzheimer's mouse cerebellum using three-dimensional X-ray phase-based virtual histology. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11233. [PMID: 32641715 PMCID: PMC7343834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Visualization and characterization of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\beta$$\end{document}β-amyloid deposits is a fundamental task in pre-clinical study of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to assess its evolution and monitor the efficiency of new therapeutic strategies. While the cerebellum is one of the brain areas most underestimated in the context of AD, renewed interest in cerebellar lesions has recently arisen as they may link to motor and cognitive alterations. Thus, we quantitatively investigated three-dimensional plaque morphology in the cerebellum in APP/PS1 transgenic mouse, as a model of AD. In order to obtain a complete high-resolution three-dimensional view of the investigated tissue, we exploited synchrotron X-ray phase contrast tomography (XPCT), providing virtual slices with histology-matching resolution. We found the formation of plaques elongated in shape, and with a specific orientation in space depending on the investigated region of the cerebellar cortex. Remarkably, a similar shape is observed in human cerebellum from demented patients. Our findings demonstrate the capability of XPCT in volumetric quantification, supporting the current knowledge about plaque morphology in the cerebellum and the fundamental role of the surrounding tissue in driving their evolution. A good correlation with the human neuropathology is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Massimi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK. .,Institute of Nanotechnology - CNR, Rome Unit, Rome, Italy.
| | - Nicola Pieroni
- Institute of Nanotechnology - CNR, Rome Unit, Rome, Italy.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Histological, Legal Medical and Locomotor, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Maugeri
- Institute of Nanotechnology - CNR, Rome Unit, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Fratini
- Institute of Nanotechnology - CNR, Rome Unit, Rome, Italy.,Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Brun
- Institute of Nanotechnology - CNR, Rome Unit, Rome, Italy.,Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Inna Bukreeva
- Institute of Nanotechnology - CNR, Rome Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Santamaria
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Neuropathology and Neurology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, 20081, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neuropathology and Neurology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, 20081, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Claudia Balducci
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology - CNR, Rome Unit, Rome, Italy
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13
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Begani Provinciali G, Pieroni N, Bukreeva I, Fratini M, Massimi L, Maugeri L, Palermo F, Bardelli F, Mittone A, Bravin A, Gigli G, Gentile F, Fossaghi A, Riva N, Quattrini A, Cedola A. X-ray phase contrast tomography for the investigation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:1042-1048. [PMID: 33566014 PMCID: PMC7336179 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520006785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting motor neurons. Pre-clinical studies drive the development of animal models that well mimic ALS disorder and enable both the dissection of disease processes and an early assessment of therapy efficacy. A comprehensive knowledge of neuronal and vascular lesions in the brain and spinal cord is an essential factor to understand the development of the disease. Spatial resolution and bidimensional imaging are important drawbacks limiting current neuroimaging tools, while neuropathology relies on protocols that may alter tissue chemistry and structure. In contrast, recent ex vivo studies in mice demonstrated that X-ray phase-contrast tomography enables study of the 3D distribution of both vasculature and neuronal networks, without sample sectioning or use of staining. Here we present our findings on ex vivo SOD1G93A ALS mice spinal cord at a micrometric scale. An unprecedented direct quantification of neuro-vascular alterations at different stages of the disease is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginevra Begani Provinciali
- Physics Department ‘Sapienza’ University, CNR-Institute of Nanotechnology, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, ENSTA Paris Tech, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Nicola Pieroni
- Physics Department ‘Sapienza’ University, CNR-Institute of Nanotechnology, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Inna Bukreeva
- Physics Department ‘Sapienza’ University, CNR-Institute of Nanotechnology, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Fratini
- Physics Department ‘Sapienza’ University, CNR-Institute of Nanotechnology, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Massimi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Maugeri
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Palermo
- Physics Department ‘Sapienza’ University, CNR-Institute of Nanotechnology, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 31 C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bardelli
- Physics Department ‘Sapienza’ University, CNR-Institute of Nanotechnology, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Mittone
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Alberto Bravin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Universita’ del Salento, via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Gentile
- Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Fossaghi
- Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Nilo Riva
- Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Physics Department ‘Sapienza’ University, CNR-Institute of Nanotechnology, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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14
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Jiang L, Cao Y, Liu Z, Ni S, Liu J, Ha Y, Luo Z, Li C, Liu S, Li J, Yin X, Wu T, Lu H, Hu J. SRμCT Reveals 3D Microstructural Alterations of the Vascular and Neuronal Network in a Rat Model of Chronic Compressive Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury. Aging Dis 2020; 11:603-617. [PMID: 32489705 PMCID: PMC7220295 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex pathology of chronic thoracic spinal cord compression involves vascular and neuroarchitectural repair processes that are still largely unknown. In this study, we used synchrotron radiation microtomography (SRμCT) to quantitatively characterize the 3D temporal-spatial changes in the vascular and neuronal network after chronic thoracic spinal cord compression in order to obtain further insights into the pathogenesis of this disease and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms. Direct 3D characterization of the spinal cord microvasculature and neural microstructure of the thoracic spinal cord was successfully reconstructed. The significant reduction in vasculature and degeneration of neurons in the thoracic spinal cord visualized via SRμCT after chronic compression were consistent with the changes detected by immunofluorescence staining. The 3D morphological measurements revealed significant reductions of neurovascular parameters in the thoracic spinal cord after 1 month of compression and became even worse after 6 months without relief of compression. In addition, the distinct 3D morphological twist and the decrease in branches of the central sulcal artery after chronic compression vividly displayed that these could be the potential triggers leading to blood flow reduction and neural deficits of the thoracic spinal cord. Our findings propose a novel methodology for the 3D analysis of neurovascular repair in chronic spinal cord compression, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results indicated that compression simultaneously caused vascular dysfunction and neuronal network impairment, which should be acknowledged as concurrent events after chronic thoracic spinal cord injury. Combining neuroprotection with vasoprotection may provide promising therapeutic targets for chronic thoracic spinal cord compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Jiang
- 1Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,2Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Cao
- 1Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,2Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- 3The First Chenzhou People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Shuangfei Ni
- 1Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,2Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Liu
- 3The First Chenzhou People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Yoon Ha
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Zixiang Luo
- 1Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,2Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Chengjun Li
- 1Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,2Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- 1Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingsong Li
- 5Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianzhen Yin
- 6Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianding Wu
- 1Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,2Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- 2Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,7Department of Sports Medicine, Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- 1Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,2Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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15
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Bukreeva I, Asadchikov V, Buzmakov A, Chukalina M, Ingacheva A, Korolev NA, Bravin A, Mittone A, Biella GEM, Sierra A, Brun F, Massimi L, Fratini M, Cedola A. High resolution 3D visualization of the spinal cord in a post-mortem murine model. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:2235-2253. [PMID: 32341880 PMCID: PMC7173906 DOI: 10.1364/boe.386837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A crucial issue in the development of therapies to treat pathologies of the central nervous system is represented by the availability of non-invasive methods to study the three-dimensional morphology of spinal cord, with a resolution able to characterize its complex vascular and neuronal organization. X-ray phase contrast micro-tomography enables a high-quality, 3D visualization of both the vascular and neuronal network simultaneously without the need of contrast agents, destructive sample preparations or sectioning. Until now, high resolution investigations of the post-mortem spinal cord in murine models have mostly been performed in spinal cords removed from the spinal canal. We present here post-mortem phase contrast micro-tomography images reconstructed using advanced computational tools to obtain high-resolution and high-contrast 3D images of the fixed spinal cord without removing the bones and preserving the richness of micro-details available when measuring exposed spinal cords. We believe that it represents a significant step toward the in-vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Bukreeva
- Institute of Nanotechnology- CNR, Rome Unit, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Italy
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, RAS, Leninsky pr., 53, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Asadchikov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Leninsky prosp., 59, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Buzmakov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Leninsky prosp., 59, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Chukalina
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Leninsky prosp., 59, Moscow, Russia
- Intitute for Information Transmission Problems RAS, Bolshoi Karetny per, 9, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasya Ingacheva
- Intitute for Information Transmission Problems RAS, Bolshoi Karetny per, 9, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay A. Korolev
- National Research Nuclear University /Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Kashirskoye Highway, 31 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alberto Bravin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - Alberto Mittone
- CELLS - ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum, 2-26, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alejandra Sierra
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Francesco Brun
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio, 6/1 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Massimi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Michela Fratini
- Institute of Nanotechnology- CNR, Rome Unit, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Italy
- Fondazione Santa Lucia I.R.C.C.S., Via Ardeatina 306, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology- CNR, Rome Unit, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Italy
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16
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Libner CD, Salapa HE, Hutchinson C, Lee S, Levin MC. Antibodies to the RNA binding protein heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 contribute to neuronal cell loss in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:1704-1724. [PMID: 31872424 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration, including loss of neurons and axons, is a feature of progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). The mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration are mostly unknown. Research implicates autoimmunity to nonmyelin self-antigens as important contributors to disease pathogenesis. Data from our lab implicate autoimmunity to the RNA binding protein (RBP) heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) as a possible mechanism of neurodegeneration in MS. MS patients make antibodies to hnRNP A1, which have been shown to lead to neuronal dysfunction in vitro. Using an animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we show here that injection of anti-hnRNP A1 antibodies, in contrast to control antibodies, resulted in worsened disease and increased neurodegeneration. We found a reduction of NeuN+ neuronal cell bodies in areas of the ventral gray matter of the spinal cord where anti-hnRNP A1 antibodies localized. Neurons displayed increased levels of hnRNP A1 nucleocytoplasmic mislocalization and stress granule formation, both markers of neuronal injury. Anti-hnRNP A1 antibodies were found to surround neuronal cell bodies and interact with CD68+ immune cells via Fc receptors. Additionally, anti-hnRNP A1 antibodies were found within neuronal cell bodies including those of the ventral spinocerebellar tract (VSCT), a tract previously shown to undergo neurodegeneration in anti-hnRNP A1 antibody injected EAE mice. Finally, both immune cells and neurons showed increased levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, another indicator of cell damage. These findings suggest that autoimmunity to RBPs, such as hnRNP A1, play a role in neurodegeneration in EAE with important implications for the pathogenesis of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole D Libner
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hannah E Salapa
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Catherine Hutchinson
- Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Michael C Levin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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17
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Shi S, Zhang H, Yin X, Wang Z, Tang B, Luo Y, Ding H, Chen Z, Cao Y, Wang T, Xiao B, Zhang M. 3D digital anatomic angioarchitecture of the mouse brain using synchrotron-radiation-based propagation phase-contrast imaging. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1742-1750. [PMID: 31490166 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751900674x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thorough investigation of the three-dimensional (3D) configuration of the vasculature of mouse brain remains technologically difficult because of its complex anatomical structure. In this study, a systematic analysis is developed to visualize the 3D angioarchitecture of mouse brain at ultrahigh resolution using synchrotron-radiation-based propagation phase-contrast imaging. This method provides detailed restoration of the intricate brain microvascular network in a precise 3D manner. In addition to depicting the delicate 3D arrangements of the vascular network, 3D virtual micro-endoscopy is also innovatively performed to visualize randomly a selected vessel within the brain for both external 3D micro-imaging and endoscopic visualization of any targeted microvessels, which improves the understanding of the intrinsic properties of the mouse brain angioarchitecture. Based on these data, hierarchical visualization has been established and a systematic assessment on the 3D configuration of the mouse brain microvascular network has been achieved at high resolution which will aid in advancing the understanding of the role of vasculature in the perspective of structure and function in depth. This holds great promise for wider application in various models of neurovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhen Yin
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuolu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuebei Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuohui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
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18
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Advanced 3D Imaging of Uterine Leiomyoma's Morphology by Propagation-based Phase-Contrast Microtomography. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10580. [PMID: 31332223 PMCID: PMC6646365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign smooth muscle tumor in women pelvis, originating from the myometrium. It is caused by a disorder of fibrosis, with a large production and disruption of extracellular matrix (ECM). Medical treatments are still very limited and no preventative therapies have been developed. We supposed that synchrotron-based phase-contrast microtomography (PhC-microCT) may be an appropriate tool to assess the 3D morphology of uterine leiomyoma, without the use of any contrast agent. We used this technique to perform the imaging and the quantitative morphometric analysis of healthy myometrium and pathologic leiomyomas. The quantitative morphometric analysis of collagen bundles was coupled to the Roschger approach. This method, previously only used to evaluate mineralized bone density distribution, was applied here to study the fibrosis mass density distribution in healthy and pathologic biopsies from two patients. This protocol was shown to be powerful in studying uterine leiomyomas, detecting also small signs of the ECM alteration. This is of paramount importance not only for the follow-up of the present study, i.e. the investigation of different compounds and their possible therapeutic benefits, but also because it offers new methodologic possibilities for future studies of the ECM in soft tissues of different body districts.
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19
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Töpperwien M, Markus A, Alves F, Salditt T. Contrast enhancement for visualizing neuronal cytoarchitecture by propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast tomography. Neuroimage 2019; 199:70-80. [PMID: 31129306 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the three-dimensional (3d) neuronal cytoarchitecture is an important factor in order to understand the connection between tissue structure and function or to visualize pathological changes in neurodegenerative diseases or tumor development. The gold standard in neuropathology is histology, a technique which provides insights into the cellular organization based on sectioning of the sample. Conventional histology, however, misses the complete 3d information as only individual two-dimensional slices through the object are available. In this work, we use propagation-based phase-contrast x-ray tomography to perform 3d virtual histology on cerebellar tissue from mice. This technique enables us to non-invasively visualize the entire 3d density distribution of the examined samples at isotropic (sub-)cellular resolution. One central challenge, however, of the technique is the fact that contrast for important structural features can be easily lost due to small electron density differences, notably between the cells and surrounding tissue. Here, we evaluate the influence of different embedding media, which are intermediate steps in sample preparation for classical histology, on contrast formation and examine the applicability of the different sample preparations both at a synchrotron-based holotomography setup as well as a laboratory source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Töpperwien
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Center for Nanoscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Germany.
| | - Andrea Markus
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frauke Alves
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Germany
| | - Tim Salditt
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Center for Nanoscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Germany.
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20
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Massimi L, Bukreeva I, Santamaria G, Fratini M, Corbelli A, Brun F, Fumagalli S, Maugeri L, Pacureanu A, Cloetens P, Pieroni N, Fiordaliso F, Forloni G, Uccelli A, Kerlero de Rosbo N, Balducci C, Cedola A. Exploring Alzheimer's disease mouse brain through X-ray phase contrast tomography: From the cell to the organ. Neuroimage 2018; 184:490-495. [PMID: 30240904 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with aberrant production of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide depositing in brain as amyloid plaques. While animal models allow investigation of disease progression and therapeutic efficacy, technology to fully dissect the pathological mechanisms of this complex disease at cellular and vascular levels is lacking. X-ray phase contrast tomography (XPCT) is an advanced non-destructive 3D multi-scale direct imaging from the cell through to the whole brain, with exceptional spatial and contrast resolution. We exploit XPCT to simultaneously analyse disease-relevant vascular and neuronal networks in AD mouse brain, without sectioning and staining. The findings clearly show the different typologies and internal structures of Aβ plaques, together with their interaction with patho/physiological cellular and neuro-vascular microenvironment. XPCT enables for the first time a detailed visualization of amyloid-angiopathy at capillary level, which is impossible to achieve with other approaches. XPCT emerges as added-value technology to explore AD mouse brain as a whole, preserving tissue chemistry and structure, enabling the comparison of physiological vs. pathological states at the level of crucial disease targets. In-vivo translation will permit to monitor emerging therapeutic approaches and possibly shed new light on pathological mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Massimi
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Inna Bukreeva
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Michela Fratini
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Brun
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Maugeri
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Peter Cloetens
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicola Pieroni
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Uccelli
- DINOGMI, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Balducci
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Gregg RW, Maiello P, Borish HJ, Coleman MT, Reed DS, White AG, Flynn JL, Lin PL. Spatial and temporal evolution of lung granulomas in a cynomolgus macaque model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. RADIOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (BEIJING, CHINA) 2018; 5:110-117. [PMID: 35128020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrid.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about granuloma progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in humans. Using serial positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) of an animal model that recapitulates human infection with M. tuberculosis, we are able to track lung granulomas. OBJECTIVE We characterized the spatial and temporal pattern of granuloma formation during primary infection and reactivation. METHODS Serial PET/CT was performed on cynomolgus macaques (n = 28) during primary and reactivation M. tuberculosis infection. Distances between granulomas during the first six weeks post infection ("primary" granulomas) were compared to new granulomas that developed afterwards ("secondary" granulomas) using nearest neighbor analysis during primary infection, reactivation and between different routes of infection. RESULTS Secondary granulomas developed within 2 cm of a primary granuloma within the same lung lobe with 80% probability during the course of primary infection, and this same pattern was observed during reactivation of latent infection after immune suppression. Using a logistic growth function, we were able to predict the maximum number of granulomas that would develop over the course of infection with good correlation (R2 = 0.96). CONCLUSION These data provide important insights into the dynamic patterns of bacterial dissemination during the earliest phases of primary infection and reactivation tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Gregg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - H Jacob Borish
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M Teresa Coleman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Douglas S Reed
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander G White
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Giuliani A, Mencarelli M, Frati C, Savi M, Lagrasta C, Pompilio G, Rossini A, Quaini F. Phase-contrast microtomography: are the tracers necessary for stem cell tracking in infarcted hearts? Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aad570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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23
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Mittone A, Ivanishko Y, Kovalev S, Lisutina P, Lotoshnikov M, Tkachev S, Tkacheva M, Crippa L, Dmitriev V, Bravin A. High resolution hard X-ray 3D mapping of a Macaca fascicularis eye: A feasibility study without contrast agents. Phys Med 2018; 51:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Khimchenko A, Bikis C, Pacureanu A, Hieber SE, Thalmann P, Deyhle H, Schweighauser G, Hench J, Frank S, Müller‐Gerbl M, Schulz G, Cloetens P, Müller B. Hard X-Ray Nanoholotomography: Large-Scale, Label-Free, 3D Neuroimaging beyond Optical Limit. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700694. [PMID: 29938163 PMCID: PMC6010902 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
There have been great efforts on the nanoscale 3D probing of brain tissues to image subcellular morphologies. However, limitations in terms of tissue coverage, anisotropic resolution, stain dependence, and complex sample preparation all hinder achieving a better understanding of the human brain functioning in the subcellular context. Herein, X-ray nanoholotomography is introduced as an emerging synchrotron radiation-based technology for large-scale, label-free, direct imaging with isotropic voxel sizes down to 25 nm, exhibiting a spatial resolution down to 88 nm. The procedure is nondestructive as it does not require physical slicing. Hence, it allows subsequent imaging by complementary techniques, including histology. The feasibility of this 3D imaging approach is demonstrated on human cerebellum and neocortex specimens derived from paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. The obtained results are compared to hematoxylin and eosin stained histological sections and showcase the ability for rapid hierarchical neuroimaging and automatic rebuilding of the neuronal architecture at the level of a single cell nucleolus. The findings indicate that nanoholotomography can complement microscopy not only by large isotropic volumetric data but also by morphological details on the sub-100 nm level, addressing many of the present challenges in brain tissue characterization and probably becoming an important tool in nanoanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Khimchenko
- Biomaterials Science Center (BMC)Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland
| | - Christos Bikis
- Biomaterials Science Center (BMC)Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland
| | - Alexandra Pacureanu
- ID16A‐NI Nano‐Imaging BeamlineEuropean Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)38043GrenobleFrance
| | - Simone E. Hieber
- Biomaterials Science Center (BMC)Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland
| | - Peter Thalmann
- Biomaterials Science Center (BMC)Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland
| | - Hans Deyhle
- Biomaterials Science Center (BMC)Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland
| | - Gabriel Schweighauser
- Institute of PathologyDepartment of NeuropathologyBasel University Hospital4056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Jürgen Hench
- Institute of PathologyDepartment of NeuropathologyBasel University Hospital4056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- Institute of PathologyDepartment of NeuropathologyBasel University Hospital4056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Magdalena Müller‐Gerbl
- Musculoskeletal Research GroupDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity of Basel4056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Georg Schulz
- Biomaterials Science Center (BMC)Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland
| | - Peter Cloetens
- ID16A‐NI Nano‐Imaging BeamlineEuropean Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)38043GrenobleFrance
| | - Bert Müller
- Biomaterials Science Center (BMC)Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland
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Morphometric Analysis of Rat Spinal Cord Angioarchitecture by Phase Contrast Radiography: From 2D to 3D Visualization. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2018; 43:E504-E511. [PMID: 28885295 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN An advanced imaging of vasculature with synchrotron radiation X-ray in a rat model. OBJECTIVE To develop the potential for quantitative assessment of vessel network from two-dimensional (2D) to 3D visualization by synchrotron radiation X-ray phase contrast tomography (XPCT) in rat spinal cord model. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Investigation of microvasculature contributes to the understanding of pathological development of spinal cord injury. A few of X-ray imaging is available to visualize vascular architecture without usage of angiography or invasive casting preparation. METHODS A rat spinal cord injury model was produced by modified Allen method. Histomorphometric detection was simultaneously analyzed by both histology and XPCT from 2D to 3D visualization. The parameters including tissue lesion area, microvessel density, vessel diameter, and frequency distribution of vessel diameter were evaluated. RESULTS XPCT rendered the microvessels as small as capillary scale with a pixel size of 3.7 μm. It presented a high linear concordance for characterizing the 2D vascular morphometry compared with the histological staining (r = 0.8438). In the presence of spinal cord injury model, 3D construction quantified the significant angioarchitectural deficiency in the injury epicenter of cord lesion (P<0.01). CONCLUSION XPCT has a great potential to detect the smallest vascular network with pixel size up to micron dimension. It is inferred that the loss of abundant microvessels (≤40 μm) is responsible for local ischemia and neural dysfunction. XPCT holds a promise for morphometric analysis from 2D to 3D imaging in experimental model of neurovascular disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Massimi L, Brun F, Fratini M, Bukreeva I, Cedola A. An improved ring removal procedure for in-line x-ray phase contrast tomography. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:045007. [PMID: 29324438 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aaa706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The suppression of ring artifacts in x-ray computed tomography (CT) is a required step in practical applications; it can be addressed by introducing refined digital low pass filters within the reconstruction process. However, these filters may introduce additional ringing artifacts when simultaneously imaging pure phase objects and elements having a non-negligible absorption coefficient. Ringing originates at sharp interfaces, due to the truncation of spatial high frequencies, and severely affects qualitative and quantitative analysis of the reconstructed slices. In this work, we discuss the causes of ringing artifacts, and present a general compensation procedure to account for it. The proposed procedure has been tested with CT datasets of the mouse central nervous system acquired at different synchrotron radiation facilities. The results demonstrate that the proposed method compensates for ringing artifacts induced by low pass ring removal filters. The effectiveness of the ring suppression filters is not altered; the proposed method can thus be considered as a framework to improve the ring removal step, regardless of the specific filter adopted or the imaged sample.
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X-Ray Phase Contrast Tomography Reveals Early Vascular Alterations and Neuronal Loss in a Multiple Sclerosis Model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5890. [PMID: 28724999 PMCID: PMC5517657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The degenerative effects of multiple sclerosis at the level of the vascular and neuronal networks in the central nervous system are currently the object of intensive investigation. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model for multiple sclerosis, but the neuropathology of specific lesions in EAE and the effects of MSC treatment are under debate. Because conventional imaging techniques entail protocols that alter the tissues, limiting the reliability of the results, we have used non-invasive X-ray phase-contrast tomography to obtain an unprecedented direct 3D characterization of EAE lesions at micro-to-nano scales, with simultaneous imaging of the vascular and neuronal networks. We reveal EAE-mediated alterations down to the capillary network. Our findings shed light on how the disease and MSC treatment affect the tissues, and promote X-ray phase-contrast tomography as a powerful tool for studying neurovascular diseases and monitoring advanced therapies.
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