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Mazi TA, Shibata NM, Sarode GV, Medici V. Hepatic oxylipin profiles in mouse models of Wilson disease: New insights into early hepatic manifestations. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159446. [PMID: 38072238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic inflammation is commonly identified in Wilson disease (WD), a genetic disease of hepatic and brain copper accumulation. Copper accumulation is associated with increased oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species generation which may result in non-enzymatic oxidation of membrane-bound polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). PUFA can be oxidized enzymatically via lipoxygenases (LOX), cyclooxygenases (COX), and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP). Products of PUFA oxidation are collectively known as oxylipins (OXL) and are bioactive lipids that modulate hepatic inflammation. We examined hepatic OXL profiles at early stages of WD in two mouse models, the toxic milk mouse from The Jackson Laboratory (tx-j) and the Atp7b knockout on a C57Bl/6 background (Atp7b-/-B6). Targeted lipidomic analysis performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry showed that in both tx-j and Atp7b-/-B6 mice, hepatic OXL profiles were altered with higher thromboxane and prostaglandins levels. The levels of oxidative stress marker, 9-HETE were increased more markedly in tx-j mice. However, both genotypes showed upregulated transcript levels of many genes related to oxidative stress and inflammation. Both genotypes showed higher prostaglandins, thromboxin along with higher PUFA-derived alcohols, diols, and ketones with altered epoxides; the expression of Alox5 was upregulated and many CYP-related genes were dysregulated. Pathway analyses show dysregulation in arachidonic acid and linoleic acid metabolism characterizes mice with WD. Our findings indicate alterations in hepatic PUFA metabolism in early-stage WD and suggest the upregulation of both, non-enzymatic ROS-dependent and enzymatic PUFA oxidation, which could have implications for hepatic manifestations in WD and represent potential targets for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tagreed A Mazi
- Department of Community Health Sciences-Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Noreene M Shibata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Gaurav V Sarode
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Fantini V, Ferrari RR, Bordoni M, Spampinato E, Pandini C, Davin A, Medici V, Gagliardi S, Guaita A, Pansarasa O, Cereda C, Poloni TE. Functional analysis and transcriptome profile of meninges and skin fibroblasts from human-aged donors. Cell Prolif 2024:e13627. [PMID: 38421110 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is surrounded by three membranes called meninges. Specialised fibroblasts, originating from the mesoderm and neural crest, primarily populate the meninges and serve as a binding agent. Our goal was to compare fibroblasts from meninges and skin obtained from the same human-aged donors, exploring their molecular and cellular characteristics related to CNS functions. We isolated meningeal fibroblasts (MFs) from brain donors and skin fibroblasts (SFs) from the same subjects. A functional analysis was performed measuring cell appearance, metabolic activity, and cellular orientation. We examined fibronectin, serpin H1, β-III-tubulin, and nestin through qPCR and immunofluorescence. A whole transcriptome analysis was also performed to characterise the gene expression of MFs and SFs. MFs appeared more rapidly in the post-tissue processing, while SFs showed an elevated cellular metabolism and a well-defined cellular orientation. The four markers were mostly similar between the MFs and SFs, except for nestin, more expressed in MFs. Transcriptome analysis reveals significant differences, particularly in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) metabolism and response to forskolin, both of which are upregulated in MFs. This study highlights MFs' unique characteristics, including the timing of appearance, metabolic activity, and gene expression patterns, particularly in cAMP metabolism and response to forskolin. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of non-neuronal cells' involvement in CNS activities and potentially open avenues for therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fantini
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetic, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rocco Ferrari
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetic, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Matteo Bordoni
- Cellular Model and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Spampinato
- Cellular Model and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Pandini
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Davin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetic, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Guaita
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetic, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Cellular Model and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
- Department of Rehabilitation, ASP Golgi-Redaelli Geriatric Hospital, Abbiategrasso, Italy
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Hieronimus B, Medici V, Lee V, Nunez MV, Sigala DM, Bremer AA, Cox CL, Keim NL, Schwarz JM, Pacini G, Tura A, Havel PJ, Stanhope KL. Effects of Consuming Beverages Sweetened with Fructose, Glucose, High-Fructose Corn Syrup, Sucrose, or Aspartame on OGTT-Derived Indices of Insulin Sensitivity in Young Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:151. [PMID: 38201980 PMCID: PMC10780640 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Clinical results on the effects of excess sugar consumption on insulin sensitivity are conflicting, possibly due to differences in sugar type and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) assessed. Therefore, we compared the effects of consuming four different sugars on insulin sensitivity indices derived from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). (2) Methods: Young adults consumed fructose-, glucose-, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-, sucrose-, or aspartame-sweetened beverages (SB) for 2 weeks. Participants underwent OGTT before and at the end of the intervention. Fasting glucose and insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose and insulin area under the curve, Surrogate Hepatic Insulin Resistance Index, Matsuda ISI, Predicted M ISI, and Stumvoll Index were assessed. Outcomes were analyzed to determine: (1) effects of the five SB; (2) effects of the proportions of fructose and glucose in all SB. (3) Results: Fructose-SB and the fructose component in mixed sugars negatively affected outcomes that assess hepatic insulin sensitivity, while glucose did not. The effects of glucose-SB and the glucose component in mixed sugar on muscle insulin sensitivity were more negative than those of fructose. (4) Conclusion: the effects of consuming sugar-SB on insulin sensitivity varied depending on type of sugar and ISI index because outcomes assessing hepatic insulin sensitivity were negatively affected by fructose, and outcomes assessing muscle insulin sensitivity were more negatively affected by glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hieronimus
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vivien Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
| | | | - Desiree M. Sigala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrew A. Bremer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Chad L. Cox
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Nancy L. Keim
- United States Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95819, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Schwarz
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Giovanni Pacini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Tura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
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Malvaso A, Gatti A, Negro G, Calatozzolo C, Medici V, Poloni TE. Microglial Senescence and Activation in Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: Systematic Review and Neuropathological Scoring. Cells 2023; 12:2824. [PMID: 38132144 PMCID: PMC10742050 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The greatest risk factor for neurodegeneration is the aging of the multiple cell types of human CNS, among which microglia are important because they are the "sentinels" of internal and external perturbations and have long lifespans. We aim to emphasize microglial signatures in physiologic brain aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). A systematic literature search of all published articles about microglial senescence in human healthy aging and AD was performed, searching for PubMed and Scopus online databases. Among 1947 articles screened, a total of 289 articles were assessed for full-text eligibility. Microglial transcriptomic, phenotypic, and neuropathological profiles were analyzed comprising healthy aging and AD. Our review highlights that studies on animal models only partially clarify what happens in humans. Human and mice microglia are hugely heterogeneous. Like a two-sided coin, microglia can be protective or harmful, depending on the context. Brain health depends upon a balance between the actions and reactions of microglia maintaining brain homeostasis in cooperation with other cell types (especially astrocytes and oligodendrocytes). During aging, accumulating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction weaken microglia leading to dystrophic/senescent, otherwise over-reactive, phenotype-enhancing neurodegenerative phenomena. Microglia are crucial for managing Aβ, pTAU, and damaged synapses, being pivotal in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Malvaso
- IRCCS “C. Mondino” Foundation, National Neurological Institute, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Alberto Gatti
- IRCCS “C. Mondino” Foundation, National Neurological Institute, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Giulia Negro
- Department of Neurology, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Chiara Calatozzolo
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy;
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy;
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Sarode GV, Mazi TA, Neier K, Shibata NM, Jospin G, Harder NH, Caceres A, Heffern MC, Sharma AK, More SK, Dave M, Schroeder SM, Wang L, LaSalle JM, Lutsenko S, Medici V. The role of intestine in metabolic dysregulation in murine Wilson disease. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0247. [PMID: 37695076 PMCID: PMC10497250 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical manifestations of Wilson disease (WD) are related to copper accumulation in the liver and the brain, but little is known about other tissue involvement regarding metabolic changes in WD. In vitro studies suggested that the loss of intestinal ATP7B affects metabolic dysregulation in WD. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating the gut microbiota and lipidome in 2 mouse models of WD and by characterizing a new mouse model with a targeted deletion of Atp7b in the intestine. METHODS Cecal content 16S sequencing and untargeted hepatic and plasma lipidome analyses in the Jackson Laboratory toxic-milk and the Atp7b null global knockout mouse models of WD were profiled and integrated. Intestine-specific Atp7b knockout mice (Atp7bΔIEC) were generated and characterized using targeted lipidome analysis following a high-fat diet challenge. RESULTS Gut microbiota diversity was reduced in animal models of WD. Comparative prediction analysis revealed amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism functions to be dysregulated in the WD gut microbial metagenome. Liver and plasma lipidomic profiles showed dysregulated triglyceride and diglyceride, phospholipid, and sphingolipid metabolism in WD models. However, Atp7bΔIEC mice did not show gut microbiome differences compared to wild type. When challenged with a high-fat diet, Atp7bΔIEC mice exhibited profound alterations to fatty acid desaturation and sphingolipid metabolism pathways as well as altered APOB48 distribution in intestinal epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiome and lipidome underlie systemic metabolic manifestations in murine WD. Intestine-specific ATP7B deficiency affected both intestinal and systemic response to a high-fat challenge but not the microbiome profile, at least at early stages. WD is a systemic disease in which intestinal-specific ATP7B loss and diet influence the phenotype and the lipidome profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav V. Sarode
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Tagreed A. Mazi
- Department of Community Health Sciences - Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kari Neier
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Genome Center, MIND Institute, Davis, California, USA
| | - Noreene M. Shibata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | - Nathaniel H.O. Harder
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, California, USA
| | - Amanda Caceres
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, California, USA
| | - Marie C. Heffern
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ashok K. Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shyam K. More
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maneesh Dave
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Shannon M. Schroeder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Janine M. LaSalle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Genome Center, MIND Institute, Davis, California, USA
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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Ottaviani JI, Ensunsa JL, Fong RY, Kimball J, Medici V, Kuhnle GGC, Crozier A, Schroeter H, Kwik-Uribe C. Impact of polyphenol oxidase on the bioavailability of flavan-3-ols in fruit smoothies: a controlled, single blinded, cross-over study. Food Funct 2023; 14:8217-8228. [PMID: 37615673 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01599h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Flavan-3-ols are bioactive compounds found in a variety of fruits and vegetables (F&V) that have been linked to positive health benefits. Increasing habitual flavan-3-ol intake is challenged by the generally low consumption of F&V. While smoothies are a commonly endorsed, consumer-accepted means to increase the daily intake of these important foods, fruits used for smoothie preparation can have a high polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and thus potentially affect the content and bioavailability of flavan-3-ols. To assess whether or not consuming freshly prepared smoothies made with different PPO-containing fruit impacts the bioavailability of the flavan-3-ols, a controlled, single blinded and cross-over study was conducted in healthy men (n = 8) who consumed a flavan-3-ol-containing banana-based smoothie (high-PPO drink), a flavan-3-ol-containing mixed berry smoothie (low-PPO drink) and flavan-3-ols in a capsule format (control). The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of flavan-3-ol metabolites after capsule intake was 680 ± 78 nmol L-1, which was similar to the levels detected after the intake of the low PPO drink. In contrast, the intake of the high PPO drink resulted in a Cmax of 96 ± 47 nmol L-1, 84% lower than that obtained after capsule intake. In a subsequent study (n = 11), flavan-3-ols were co-ingested with a high-PPO banana drink but contact prior to intake was prevented. In this context, plasma flavan-3-ol levels were still reduced, suggesting an effect possibly related to post-ingestion PPO activity degrading flavan-3-ols in the stomach. There was a substantial range in the PPO activity detected in 18 different fruits, vegetables and plant-derived dietary products. In conclusion, bioavailability of flavan-3-ols, and most likely other dietary polyphenol bioactives, can be reduced substantially by the co-ingestion of high PPO-containing products, the implications of which are of importance for dietary advice and food preparation both at home and in industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jodi L Ensunsa
- Department of Nutrition, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Reedmond Y Fong
- Department of Nutrition, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jennifer Kimball
- Department of Nutrition, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 05817, USA
| | - Gunter G C Kuhnle
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG56 6DX, UK
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Alkhouri N, Gonzalez-Peralta RP, Medici V. Wilson disease: a summary of the updated AASLD Practice Guidance. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:02009842-202306010-00006. [PMID: 37184530 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is caused by autosomal variants affecting the ATP7B gene on chromosome 13, resulting in alterations in physiological copper homeostasis and copper accumulation. Excess copper clinically manifests in many organs, most often in the central nervous system and liver, ultimately causing cirrhosis and death. Often considered a pediatric or young adult disease, WD actually affects patients of all ages, and aging patients need to be regularly managed with long-term follow-up. Despite over a century of advances in diagnosis and treatment, WD is still associated with diagnostic challenges and considerable disability and death, in part due to delays in diagnosis and limitations in treatment. Standard-of-care treatments are considered generally effective when the diagnosis is timely but are also limited by efficacy, safety concerns, multiple daily dosing, and adherence. This expert perspective review seeks to facilitate improvements in the awareness, understanding, diagnosis, and management of WD. The objectives are to provide a full overview of WD and streamline updated diagnosis and treatment guidance, as recently published by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, in a practical way for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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Ottaviani JI, Fong RY, Borges G, Kimball J, Ensunsa JL, Medici V, Pourshahidi LK, Kane E, Ward K, Durkan R, Dobani S, Lawther R, O'Connor G, Gill CIR, Schroeter H, Crozier A. Flavan-3-ol-methylxanthine interactions: Modulation of flavan-3-ol bioavailability in volunteers with a functional colon and an ileostomy. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 196:1-8. [PMID: 36621554 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavan-3-ols, including the flavan-3-ol monomer (-)-epicatechin, are dietary bioactives known to mediate beneficial cardiovascular effects in humans. Recent studies showed that flavan-3-ols could interact with methylxanthines, evidenced by an increase in flavan-3-ol bioavailability with a concomitant increase in flavan-3-ol intake-mediated vascular effects. This study aimed at elucidating flavan-3-ol-methylxanthine interactions in humans in vivo by evaluating the specific contributions of theobromine and caffeine on flavan-3-ol bioavailability. In ileostomists, the effect of methylxanthines on the efflux of flavan-3-ol metabolites in the small intestine was assessed, a parameter important to an understanding of the pharmacokinetics of flavan-3-ols in humans. In a randomized, controlled, triple cross-over study in volunteers with a functional colon (n = 10), co-ingestion of flavan-3-ols and cocoa methylxanthines, mainly represented by theobromine, increased peak circulatory levels (Cmax) of flavan-3-ols metabolites (+21 ± 8%; p < 0.05). Conversely, caffeine did not mediate a statistically significant effect on flavan-3-ol bioavailability (Cmax = +10 ± 8%, p = n.s.). In a subsequent randomized, controlled, double cross-over study in ileostomists (n = 10), cocoa methylxanthines did not affect circulatory levels of flavan-3-ol metabolites, suggesting potential differences in flavan-3-ol bioavailability compared to volunteers with a functional colon. The main metabolite in ileal fluid was (-)-epicatechin-3'-sulfate, however, no differences in flavan-3-ol metabolites in ileal fluid were observed after flavan-3-ol intake with and without cocoa methylxanthines. Taken together, these results demonstrate a differential effect of caffeine and theobromine in modulating flavan-3-ol bioavailability when these bioactives are co-ingested. These findings should be considered when comparing the effects mediated by the intake of flavan-3-ol-containing foods and beverages and the amount and type of methylxanthines present in the ingested matrixes. Ultimately, these insights will be of value to further optimize current dietary recommendations for flavan-3-ol intake. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This work was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03526107 (study part 1, volunteers with functional colon) and NCT03765606 (study part 2, volunteers with an ileostomy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier I Ottaviani
- Mars, Inc., McLean, VA, 22101, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Reedmond Y Fong
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Gina Borges
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jennifer Kimball
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jodi L Ensunsa
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - L Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Emma Kane
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Karen Ward
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Rebecca Durkan
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sara Dobani
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Roger Lawther
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Gloria O'Connor
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Chris I R Gill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Hagen Schroeter
- Mars, Inc., McLean, VA, 22101, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Penning LC, Berenguer M, Czlonkowska A, Double KL, Dusek P, Espinós C, Lutsenko S, Medici V, Papenthin W, Stremmel W, Willemse J, Weiskirchen R. A Century of Progress on Wilson Disease and the Enduring Challenges of Genetics, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020420. [PMID: 36830958 PMCID: PMC9953205 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is a rare, inherited metabolic disorder manifested with varying clinical presentations including hepatic, neurological, psychiatric, and ophthalmological features, often in combination. Causative mutations in the ATP7B gene result in copper accumulation in hepatocytes and/or neurons, but clinical diagnosis remains challenging. Diagnosis is complicated by mild, non-specific presentations, mutations exerting no clear effect on protein function, and inconclusive laboratory tests, particularly regarding serum ceruloplasmin levels. As early diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial to prevent progressive damage, we report here on the establishment of a global collaboration of researchers, clinicians, and patient advocacy groups to identify and address the outstanding challenges posed by WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis C. Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (L.C.P.); (R.W.)
| | - Marina Berenguer
- Digestive Medicine Department, Ciberehd & IISLaFe, Hospital U. i P. La Fe, University of Valencia, 46010 Valenci, Spain
| | - Anna Czlonkowska
- Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kay L. Double
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Petr Dusek
- Department of Radiology, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carmen Espinós
- Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 1800, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 1800, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 59817, USA
| | - Wiebke Papenthin
- German Society for Wilson disease Patients (Morbus Wilson e.V.), Zehlendorfer Damm 119, D-14532 Kleinnachnow, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Private Practice for Internal Medicine, Beethovenstraße 2, D-76530 Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - Jose Willemse
- Dutch Society for Liver Disease Patients (Nederlandse Leverpatienten Vereniging), 3828 NS Hoogland, The Netherlands
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence: (L.C.P.); (R.W.)
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10
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Sarode GV, Mazi TA, Neier K, Shibata NM, Jospin G, Harder NHO, Heffern MC, Sharma AK, More SK, Dave M, Schroeder SM, Wang L, LaSalle JM, Lutsenko S, Medici V. The role of intestine in metabolic dysregulation in murine Wilson disease. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.13.524009. [PMID: 36711483 PMCID: PMC9882126 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.13.524009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Major clinical manifestations of Wilson disease (WD) are related to copper accumulation in the liver and the brain, and little is known about other tissues involvement in metabolic changes in WD. In vitro studies suggested that the loss of intestinal ATP7B could contribute to metabolic dysregulation in WD. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating gut microbiota and lipidome in two mouse models of WD and by characterizing a new mouse model with a targeted deletion of Atp7b in intestine. Methods Cecal content 16S sequencing and untargeted hepatic and plasma lipidome analyses in the Jackson Laboratory toxic-milk and the Atp7b null global knockout mouse models of WD were profiled and integrated. Intestine-specific Atp7b knockout mice ( Atp7b ΔIEC ) was generated using B6.Cg-Tg(Vil1-cre)997Gum/J mice and Atp7b Lox/Lox mice, and characterized using targeted lipidome analysis following a high-fat diet challenge. Results Gut microbiota diversity was reduced in animal models of WD. Comparative prediction analysis revealed amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism functions to be dysregulated in the WD gut microbial metagenome. Liver and plasma lipidomic profiles showed dysregulated tri- and diglyceride, phospholipid, and sphingolipid metabolism in WD models. When challenged with a high-fat diet, Atp7b ΔIEC mice exhibited profound alterations to fatty acid desaturation and sphingolipid metabolism pathways as well as altered APOB48 distribution in intestinal epithelial cells. Conclusion Coordinated changes of gut microbiome and lipidome analyses underlie systemic metabolic manifestations in murine WD. Intestine-specific ATP7B deficiency affected both intestinal and systemic response to a high-fat challenge. WD is a systemic disease in which intestinal-specific ATP7B loss and diet influence phenotypic presentations.
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Radtke MD, Chodur GM, Bissell MCS, Kemp LC, Medici V, Steinberg FM, Scherr RE. Validation of Diet ID™ in Predicting Nutrient Intake Compared to Dietary Recalls, Skin Carotenoid Scores, and Plasma Carotenoids in University Students. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020409. [PMID: 36678280 PMCID: PMC9865232 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Collecting accurate dietary information in the research setting is challenging due to the inherent biases, duration, and resource-intensive nature of traditional data collection methods. Diet ID™ is a novel, rapid assessment method that uses an image-based algorithm to identify dietary patterns and estimate nutrient intake. The purpose of this analysis was to explore the criterion validity between Diet ID™ and additional measures of dietary intake. Methods: This prospective cohort study (n = 42) collected dietary information using Diet ID™, the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR), plasma carotenoid concentrations, and the Veggie Meter® to estimate carotenoid levels in the skin. Results: There were significant correlations between Diet ID™ and NDSR for diet quality, calories, carbohydrates, protein, fiber, and cholesterol. Vitamin A and carotenoid intake were significantly correlated, with the exception of α-carotene and lycopene. Significant correlations were observed for calcium, folate, iron, sodium, potassium, Vitamins B2, B3, B6, C, and E. Skin carotenoid scores and plasma carotenoids were correlated with carotenoid intake from Diet ID™. Conclusions: Diet ID™ may be a useful tool in nutrition research as a less time-intensive and minimally burdensome dietary data collection method for both participants and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela D. Radtke
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gwen M. Chodur
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Aggie Compass, Office of Student Affairs, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael C. S. Bissell
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Leslie C. Kemp
- Aggie Compass, Office of Student Affairs, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Rachel E. Scherr
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Chiariello A, Valente S, Pasquinelli G, Baracca A, Sgarbi G, Solaini G, Medici V, Fantini V, Poloni TE, Tognocchi M, Arcaro M, Galimberti D, Franceschi C, Capri M, Salvioli S, Conte M. The expression pattern of GDF15 in human brain changes during aging and in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1058665. [PMID: 36698863 PMCID: PMC9869280 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1058665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) is a mitochondrial-stress-responsive molecule whose expression strongly increases with aging and age-related diseases. However, its role in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), is still debated. Methods We have characterized the expression of GDF15 in brain samples from AD patients and non-demented subjects (controls) of different ages. Results Although no difference in CSF levels of GDF15 was found between AD patients and controls, GDF15 was expressed in different brain areas and seems to be predominantly localized in neurons. The ratio between its mature and precursor form was higher in the frontal cortex of AD patients compared to age-matched controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, this ratio was even higher for centenarians (p < 0.01), indicating that aging also affects GDF15 expression and maturation. A lower expression of OXPHOS complexes I, III, and V in AD patients compared to controls was also noticed, and a positive correlation between GDF15 and IL-6 mRNA levels was observed. Finally, when GDF15 was silenced in vitro in dermal fibroblasts, a decrease in OXPHOS complexes transcript levels and an increase in IL-6 levels were observed. Discussion Although GDF15 seems not to be a reliable CSF marker for AD, it is highly expressed in aging and AD brains, likely as a part of stress response aimed at counteracting mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Chiariello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Valente
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Fantini
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Tognocchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marina Arcaro
- Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Applied Mathematics of the Institute of ITMM, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Interdepartmental Centre “Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Interdepartmental Centre “Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,*Correspondence: Stefano Salvioli, ✉
| | - Maria Conte
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Interdepartmental Centre “Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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13
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Sandahl TD, Medici V. Edging closer to successful gene therapy for Wilson disease. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 27:293-294. [PMID: 36320415 PMCID: PMC9594109 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Damgaard Sandahl
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark,Corresponding author. Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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14
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Poloni TE, Moretti M, Medici V, Turturici E, Belli G, Cavriani E, Visonà SD, Rossi M, Fantini V, Ferrari RR, Carlos AF, Gagliardi S, Tronconi L, Guaita A, Ceroni M. COVID-19 Pathology in the Lung, Kidney, Hearts and Brain: The Different Roles of T-Cells, Macrophages, and Microthrombosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193124. [PMID: 36231087 PMCID: PMC9563269 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we aim to describe COVID-19 pathology across different tissues to clarify the disease’s pathophysiology. Lungs, kidneys, hearts, and brains from nine COVID-19 autopsies were compared by using antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, macrophages-microglia, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and activated platelets. Alzheimer’s Disease pathology was also assessed. PCR techniques were used to verify the presence of viral RNA. COVID-19 cases had a short clinical course (0–32 days) and their mean age was 77.4 y/o. Hypoxic changes and inflammatory infiltrates were present across all tissues. The lymphocytic component in the lungs and kidneys was predominant over that of other tissues (p < 0.001), with a significantly greater presence of T-lymphocytes in the lungs (p = 0.020), which showed the greatest presence of viral antigens. The heart showed scant SARS-CoV-2 traces in the endothelium–endocardium, foci of activated macrophages, and rare lymphocytes. The brain showed scarce SARS-CoV-2 traces, prominent microglial activation, and rare lymphocytes. The pons exhibited the highest microglial activation (p = 0.017). Microthrombosis was significantly higher in COVID-19 lungs (p = 0.023) compared with controls. The most characteristic pathological features of COVID-19 were an abundance of T-lymphocytes and microthrombosis in the lung and relevant microglial hyperactivation in the brainstem. This study suggests that the long-term sequelae of COVID-19 derive from persistent inflammation, rather than persistent viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy
- Department of Rehabilitation, ASP Golgi-Redaelli, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-029466409; Fax: +39-0294608148
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy
| | - Elvira Turturici
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Belli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Cavriani
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Damiana Visonà
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Rossi
- Unit of Biostatistics, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Fantini
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetic, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rocco Ferrari
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetic, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy
| | - Arenn Faye Carlos
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Livio Tronconi
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Forensic Medicine, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Guaita
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy
- Unit of Biostatistics, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetic, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Ceroni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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15
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Janisse SE, Sharma VA, Caceres A, Medici V, Heffern MC. Systematic Evaluation of Copper(II)-Loaded Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography For Selective Enrichment of Copper-Binding Species in Human Serum and Plasma. Metallomics 2022; 14:6656374. [PMID: 35929804 PMCID: PMC9434637 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Copper is essential in a host of biological processes, and disruption of its homeostasis is associated with diseases including neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders. Extracellular copper shifts in its speciation between healthy and disease states, and identifying molecular components involved in these perturbations could widen the panel of biomarkers for copper status. While there have been exciting advances in approaches for studying the extracellular proteome with mass-spectrometry-based methods, the typical workflows disrupt metal-protein interactions due to the lability of these bonds either during sample preparation or in gas-phase environments. We sought to develop and apply a workflow to enrich for and identify protein populations with copper-binding propensities in extracellular fluids using an immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) resin. The strategy was optimized using human serum to allow for maximum quantity and diversity of protein enrichment. Protein populations could be differentiated based on protein load on the resin, likely on account of differences in abundance and affinity. The enrichment workflow was applied to plasma samples from patients with Wilson disease (WD) and protein IDs and differential abundancies compared to healthy subjects were compared to those yielded from a traditional proteomic workflow. While the IMAC workflow preserved differential abundance and protein ID information from the traditional workflow, it identified several additional proteins being differentially abundant including those involved in lipid metabolism, immune system, and antioxidant pathways. Our results suggest the potential for this IMAC workflow to identify new proteins as potential biomarkers in copper-associated disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Janisse
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vibha A Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Amanda Caceres
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, PSSB Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Marie C Heffern
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Palmieri I, Poloni TE, Medici V, Zucca S, Davin A, Pansarasa O, Ceroni M, Tronconi L, Guaita A, Gagliardi S, Cereda C. Differential Neuropathology, Genetics, and Transcriptomics in Two Kindred Cases with Alzheimer’s Disease and Lewy Body Dementia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071687. [PMID: 35884993 PMCID: PMC9313121 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD) are two different forms of dementia, but their pathology may involve the same cortical areas with overlapping cognitive manifestations. Nonetheless, the clinical phenotype is different due to the topography of the lesions driven by the different underlying molecular processes that arise apart from genetics, causing diverse neurodegeneration. Here, we define the commonalities and differences in the pathological processes of dementia in two kindred cases, a mother and a son, who developed classical AD and an aggressive form of AD/LBD, respectively, through a neuropathological, genetic (next-generation sequencing), and transcriptomic (RNA-seq) comparison of four different brain areas. A genetic analysis did not reveal any pathogenic variants in the principal AD/LBD-causative genes. RNA sequencing highlighted high transcriptional dysregulation within the substantia nigra in the AD/LBD case, while the AD case showed lower transcriptional dysregulation, with the parietal lobe being the most involved brain area. The hippocampus (the most degenerated area) and basal ganglia (lacking specific lesions) expressed the lowest level of dysregulation. Our data suggest that there is a link between transcriptional dysregulation and the amount of tissue damage accumulated across time, assessed through neuropathology. Moreover, we highlight that the molecular bases of AD and LBD follow very different pathways, which underlie their neuropathological signatures. Indeed, the transcriptome profiling through RNA sequencing may be an important tool in flanking the neuropathological analysis for a deeper understanding of AD and LBD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Palmieri
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.P.); (M.C.); (S.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology-Neuropathology and Abbiategrasso Brain Bank, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy; (T.E.P.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Department of Rehabilitation, ASP Golgi-Redaelli, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Neurology-Neuropathology and Abbiategrasso Brain Bank, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy; (T.E.P.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
| | | | - Annalisa Davin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy;
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.P.); (M.C.); (S.G.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mauro Ceroni
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.P.); (M.C.); (S.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Neurology-Neuropathology and Abbiategrasso Brain Bank, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy; (T.E.P.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Livio Tronconi
- U.O. Medicina Legale, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences “A. Fornari”, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Guaita
- Department of Neurology-Neuropathology and Abbiategrasso Brain Bank, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy; (T.E.P.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy;
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.P.); (M.C.); (S.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Cereda
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.P.); (M.C.); (S.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Women, Mothers and Neonatal Care, Children’s Hospital “V. Buzzi”, 20100 Milan, Italy
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17
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Borges G, Fong RY, Ensunsa JL, Kimball J, Medici V, Ottaviani JI, Crozier A. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of apigenin and its glycosides in healthy male adults. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 185:90-96. [PMID: 35452808 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The bioavailability of apigenin and its O-glycosides in humans was investigated with apigenin-4'-glucuronide (Ap-4'-GlcUA), apigenin-7-glucuronide and apigenin-7-sulfate being identified as in vivo metabolites. Apigenin per se was poorly absorbed with metabolites equivalent to 0.5% of intake excreted in urine 0-24 h post-intake. Consumption of a parsley drink containing apigenin-7-O-(2″-O-apiosyl)glucoside resulted in the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of Ap-4'-GlcUA occurring after 4 h, indicative of absorption in the lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Urinary excretion of the three metabolites corresponded to 11.2% of intake. Ingestion of dried powdered parsley leaves with yogurt extended the Cmax of Ap-4'-GlcUA to 6 h. Consumption of chamomile tea containing apigenin-7'-O-glucoside resulted in a 2 h Cmax of Ap-4'-GlcUA, in keeping with absorption in the upper GIT. Urinary excretion was equivalent to 34% of intake. Intake of the parsley drink provided information on intra- and inter-individual variations in the level of excretion of the apigenin metabolites. CLINICAL TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This trail was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03526081.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Borges
- Department of Nutrition, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA
| | - Reedmond Y Fong
- Department of Nutrition, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA
| | - Jodi L Ensunsa
- Department of Nutrition, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA
| | - Jennifer Kimball
- Department of Nutrition, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Javier I Ottaviani
- Department of Nutrition, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA; Mars Inc., McLean, VA, 22101, USA
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA; Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11362, Saudi Arabia.
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18
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O'Sullivan JJ, Medici V, Heffern MC. Correction: A caged imidazopyrazinone for selective bioluminescence detection of labile extracellular copper(ii). Chem Sci 2022; 13:5774. [PMID: 35694340 PMCID: PMC9116369 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc90085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Correction for ‘A caged imidazopyrazinone for selective bioluminescence detection of labile extracellular copper(ii)’ by Justin J. O’Sullivan et al., Chem. Sci., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1SC07177G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J O'Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis One Shields Drive Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis 4150 V Street, PSSB Suite 3500 Sacramento CA 95817 USA
| | - Marie C Heffern
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis One Shields Drive Davis CA 95616 USA
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Degl’Innocenti E, Poloni TE, Medici V, Recupero L, Dell’Amico C, Vannini E, Borello U, Mazzanti CM, Onorati M, Dell’Anno MT. Centrin 2: A Novel Marker of Mature and Neoplastic Human Astrocytes. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:858347. [PMID: 35573835 PMCID: PMC9100563 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.858347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs), centrosomes play a pivotal role in cell division, neurodevelopment and neuronal maturation. Among centrosomal proteins, centrin-2 (CETN2) also contributes to DNA repair mechanisms which are fundamental to prevent genomic instability during neural stem cell pool expansion. Nevertheless, the expression profile of CETN2 in human neural stem cells and their progeny is currently unknown. To address this question, we interrogated a platform of human neuroepithelial stem (NES) cells derived from post mortem developing brain or established from pluripotent cells and demonstrated that while CETN2 retains its centrosomal location in proliferating NES cells, its expression pattern changes upon differentiation. In particular, we found that CETN2 is selectively expressed in mature astrocytes with a broad cytoplasmic distribution. We then extended our findings on human autoptic nervous tissue samples. We investigated CETN2 distribution in diverse anatomical areas along the rostro-caudal neuraxis and pointed out a peculiar topography of CETN2-labeled astrocytes in humans which was not appreciable in murine tissues, where CETN2 was mostly confined to ependymal cells. As a prototypical condition with glial overproliferation, we also explored CETN2 expression in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), reporting a focal concentration of CETN2 in neoplastic astrocytes. This study expands CETN2 localization beyond centrosomes and reveals a unique expression pattern that makes it eligible as a novel astrocytic molecular marker, thus opening new roads to glial biology and human neural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Degl’Innocenti
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation and ASP Golgi-Redaelli, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation and ASP Golgi-Redaelli, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Luca Recupero
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, Italy
| | - Claudia Dell’Amico
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ugo Borello
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marco Onorati
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Dell’Anno
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Teresa Dell’Anno,
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20
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Poloni T, Medici V, Zito A, Carlos A. The long-COVID-19 in older adults: facts and conjectures. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2679-2681. [PMID: 35662207 PMCID: PMC9165404 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.339483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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21
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O'Sullivan JJ, Medici V, Heffern MC. A caged imidazopyrazinone for selective bioluminescence detection of labile extracellular copper( ii). Chem Sci 2022; 13:4352-4363. [PMID: 35509459 PMCID: PMC9006956 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07177g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential redox-active metal that plays integral roles in biology ranging from enzymatic catalysis to mitochondrial respiration. However, if not adequately regulated, this redox activity has the potential to cause oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxygen species. Indeed, the dysregulation of copper has been associated with a variety of disease states including diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and multiple cancers. While increasing tools are being developed for illuminating labile intracellular copper pools and the trafficking pathways in which they are involved, significantly less attention has been given to the analogous extracellular labile pool. To address this gap, we have developed a bioluminescence-based imaging probe, picolinic ester caged-diphenylterazine (pic-DTZ) for monitoring labile, extracellular copper using a coelenterazine-like imidazopyrazinone and the genetically-engineered, marine-based luciferase, nanoluciferase. Unlike the more commonly-used firefly luciferase, nanoluciferase does not require ATP, allowing its application to the extracellular milieu. pic-DTZ demonstrates high metal and oxidation state selectivity for Cu(ii) in aqueous buffer as well as selectivity for labile pools over coordinatively inaccessible protein-bound Cu(ii). We demonstrate the potential of pic-DTZ as a diagnostic tool in human serum and plasma for copper-associated diseases. Additionally, we apply pic-DTZ to lend insight into the extracellular copper dynamic in anticancer treatments. A caged imidazopyrazinone can detect reactive extracellular copper in mammalian systems using bioluminescence generated with the ATP-independent nanoluciferase enzyme.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. O'Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, PSSB Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Marie C. Heffern
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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22
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Schroeder SM, Matsukuma KE, Medici V. Wilson disease and the differential diagnosis of its hepatic manifestations: a narrative review of clinical, laboratory, and liver histological features. Ann Transl Med 2021; 9:1394. [PMID: 34733946 PMCID: PMC8506558 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective The goal of the present work is to provide an overview of the differential diagnosis of Wilson disease. Background Wilson disease is a rare condition due to copper accumulation primarily in the liver and brain. Although there is no definitive cure, current anti-copper treatments are associated with better outcomes if initiated early and if the diagnosis is made promptly. However, diagnostic delays are frequent and often Wilson disease represents a diagnostic challenge. The diagnosis ultimately relies on a combination of clinical, laboratory and genetic findings, and it is crucial that clinicians list Wilson disease in their differential diagnosis, especially in patients presenting with a hepatocellular pattern of liver injury. Some biochemical and liver histological features of Wilson disease overlap with those of more common conditions including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol-associated liver disease, and autoimmune hepatitis. In particular, hepatic steatosis, hepatocyte glycogenated nuclei, ballooning degeneration, and Mallory-Denk bodies are often identified in Wilson disease as well as more common liver diseases. In addition, the natural history of liver damage in Wilson disease and the risk of developing liver cancer are largely understudied. Methods We conducted an enlarged review of published papers on Wilson disease focusing on its diagnosis and distinctive clinical and liver pathology features in relation to common non-cholestatic liver diseases with the final goal in aiding clinicians in the diagnostic process of this rare but treatable condition. Conclusions Aside from markedly altered copper metabolism, Wilson disease has essentially no pathognomonic features that can distinguish it from more common liver diseases. Clinicians should be aware of this challenge and consider Wilson disease in patients presenting with a hepatocellular pattern of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Schroeder
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Karen E Matsukuma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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23
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Sigala DM, Hieronimus B, Medici V, Lee V, Nunez MV, Bremer AA, Cox CL, Price CA, Benyam Y, Chaudhari AJ, Abdelhafez Y, McGahan JP, Goran MI, Sirlin CB, Pacini G, Tura A, Keim NL, Havel PJ, Stanhope KL. Consuming Sucrose- or HFCS-sweetened Beverages Increases Hepatic Lipid and Decreases Insulin Sensitivity in Adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3248-3264. [PMID: 34265055 PMCID: PMC8530743 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Studies in rodents and humans suggest that high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened diets promote greater metabolic dysfunction than sucrose-sweetened diets. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of consuming sucrose-sweetened beverage (SB), HFCS-SB, or a control beverage sweetened with aspartame on metabolic outcomes in humans. METHODS A parallel, double-blinded, NIH-funded study. Experimental procedures were conducted during 3.5 days of inpatient residence with controlled feeding at a research clinic before (baseline) and after a 12-day outpatient intervention period. Seventy-five adults (18-40 years) were assigned to beverage groups matched for sex, body mass index (18-35 kg/m2), and fasting triglyceride, lipoprotein and insulin concentrations. The intervention was 3 servings/day of sucrose- or HFCS-SB providing 25% of energy requirement or aspartame-SB, consumed for 16 days. Main outcome measures were %hepatic lipid, Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI), and Predicted M ISI. RESULTS Sucrose-SB increased %hepatic lipid (absolute change: 0.6 ± 0.2%) compared with aspartame-SB (-0.2 ± 0.2%, P < 0.05) and compared with baseline (P < 0.001). HFCS-SB increased %hepatic lipid compared with baseline (0.4 ± 0.2%, P < 0.05). Compared with aspartame-SB, Matsuda ISI decreased after consumption of HFCS- (P < 0.01) and sucrose-SB (P < 0.01), and Predicted M ISI decreased after consumption of HFCS-SB (P < 0.05). Sucrose- and HFCS-SB increased plasma concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins, and uric acid compared with aspartame-SB. No outcomes were differentially affected by sucrose- compared with HFCS-SB. Beverage group effects remained significant when analyses were adjusted for changes in body weight. CONCLUSION Consumption of both sucrose- and HFCS-SB induced detrimental changes in hepatic lipid, insulin sensitivity, and circulating lipids, lipoproteins and uric acid in 2 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree M Sigala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: Desiree M. Sigala, Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr. VetMed3B, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Bettina Hieronimus
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Vivien Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Marinelle V Nunez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Andrew A Bremer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Chad L Cox
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Candice A Price
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yanet Benyam
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Abhijit J Chaudhari
- Department of Radiology School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yasser Abdelhafez
- Department of Radiology School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - John P McGahan
- Department of Radiology School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Michael I Goran
- The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Claude B Sirlin
- Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Giovanni Pacini
- Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Tura
- Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Nancy L Keim
- United States Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Basic Sciences, Touro University of California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
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24
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Garofalo M, Gagliardi S, Zucca S, Pandini C, Dragoni F, Sproviero D, Pansarasa O, Poloni TE, Medici V, Davin A, Visonà SD, Moretti M, Guaita A, Ceroni M, Tronconi L, Cereda C. COVID-19 patients and Dementia: Frontal cortex transcriptomic data. Data Brief 2021; 38:107432. [PMID: 34604485 PMCID: PMC8479506 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the association of SARS-Cov-2 infection with Nervous System (NS) manifestations, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis in Frontal Cortex of COVID-19 positive or negative individuals and affected or not by Dementia individuals. We examined gene expression differences in individuals with COVID-19 and Dementia compared to Dementia only patients by collecting transcript counts in each sample and performing Differential Expression analysis. We found eleven genes satisfying our significance criteria, all of them being protein coding genes. These data are suitable for integration with supplemental samples and for analysis according to different individuals' classification. Also, differential expression evaluation may be implemented with other scientific purposes, such as research of unannotated genes, mRNA splicing and genes isoforms. The analysis of Differential Expressed genes in COVID-19 positive patients compared to non-COVID-19 patients is published in: S. Gagliardi, E.T. Poloni, C. Pandini, M. Garofalo, F. Dragoni, V. Medici, A. Davin, S.D. Visonà, M. Moretti, D. Sproviero, O. Pansarasa, A. Guaita, M. Ceroni, L. Tronconi, C. Cereda, Detection of SARS-CoV-2 genome and whole transcriptome sequencing in frontal cortex of COVID-19 patients., Brain. Behav. Immun. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Garofalo
- Genomic and post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino, 2, Pavia 27100, Italy.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Genomic and post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino, 2, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Pandini
- Genomic and post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino, 2, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Francesca Dragoni
- Genomic and post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino, 2, Pavia 27100, Italy.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daisy Sproviero
- Genomic and post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino, 2, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Genomic and post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino, 2, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation & ASP Golgi-Redaelli Abbiategrasso, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation & ASP Golgi-Redaelli Abbiategrasso, Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Davin
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation & ASP Golgi-Redaelli Abbiategrasso, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Damiana Visonà
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences "A. Fornari", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences "A. Fornari", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Guaita
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation & ASP Golgi-Redaelli Abbiategrasso, Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Ceroni
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of General Neurology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Livio Tronconi
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences "A. Fornari", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,U.O. Medicina Legale, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino, 2, Pavia 27100, Italy
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25
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Gagliardi S, Poloni ET, Pandini C, Garofalo M, Dragoni F, Medici V, Davin A, Visonà SD, Moretti M, Sproviero D, Pansarasa O, Guaita A, Ceroni M, Tronconi L, Cereda C. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 genome and whole transcriptome sequencing in frontal cortex of COVID-19 patients. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:13-21. [PMID: 34022369 PMCID: PMC8132498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-Cov-2 infection is frequently associated with Nervous System manifestations. However, it is not clear how SARS-CoV-2 can cause neurological dysfunctions and which molecular processes are affected in the brain. In this work, we examined the frontal cortex tissue of patients who died of COVID-19 for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, comparing qRT-PCR with ddPCR. We also investigated the transcriptomic profile of frontal cortex from COVID-19 patients and matched controls by RNA-seq analysis to characterize the transcriptional signature. Our data showed that SARS-CoV-2 could be detected by ddPCR in 8 (88%) of 9 examined samples while by qRT-PCR in one case only (11%). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 11 genes (10 mRNAs and 1 lncRNA) were differential expressed when frontal cortex of COVID-19 patients were compared to controls. These genes fall into categories including hypoxia, hemoglobin-stabilizing protein, hydrogen peroxide processes. This work demonstrated that the quantity of viral RNA in frontal cortex is minimal and it can be detected only with a very sensitive method (ddPCR). Thus, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 does not actively infect and replicate in the brain; its topography within encephalic structures remains uncertain. Moreover, COVID-19 may have a role on brain gene expression, since we observed an important downregulation of genes associated to hypoxia inducting factor system (HIF) that may inhibit the capacity of defense system during infection and oxigen deprivation, showing that hypoxia, well known multi organ condition associated to COVID-19, also marked the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Gagliardi
- Genomic and Post Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Tino Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation & ASP Golgi-Redaelli, Abbiategrasso, Milano, Italy
| | - Cecilia Pandini
- Genomic and Post Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Garofalo
- Genomic and Post Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Dragoni
- Genomic and Post Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation & ASP Golgi-Redaelli, Abbiategrasso, Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Davin
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation & ASP Golgi-Redaelli, Abbiategrasso, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Damiana Visonà
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences "A. Fornari", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences "A. Fornari", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daisy Sproviero
- Genomic and Post Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Genomic and Post Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Guaita
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation & ASP Golgi-Redaelli, Abbiategrasso, Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Ceroni
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of General Neurology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Livio Tronconi
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences "A. Fornari", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; U.O. Medicina Legale, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Director of Newborn Screening and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital V. Buzzi, Milan, Italy.
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26
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Poloni TE, Medici V, Moretti M, Visonà SD, Cirrincione A, Carlos AF, Davin A, Gagliardi S, Pansarasa O, Cereda C, Tronconi L, Guaita A, Ceroni M. COVID-19-related neuropathology and microglial activation in elderly with and without dementia. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:e12997. [PMID: 34145669 PMCID: PMC8412067 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The actual role of SARS-CoV-2 in brain damage remains controversial due to lack of matched controls. We aim to highlight to what extent is neuropathology determined by SARS-CoV-2 or by pre-existing conditions. Findings of 9 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and 6 matched non-COVID controls (mean age 79 y/o) were compared. Brains were analyzed through immunohistochemistry to detect SARS-CoV-2, lymphocytes, astrocytes, endothelium, and microglia. A semi-quantitative scoring was applied to grade microglial activation. Thal-Braak stages and the presence of small vessel disease were determined in all cases. COVID-19 cases had a relatively short clinical course (0-32 days; mean: 10 days), and did not undergo mechanical ventilation. Five patients with neurocognitive disorder had delirium. All COVID-19 cases showed non-SARS-CoV-2-specific changes including hypoxic-agonal alterations, and a variable degree of neurodegeneration and/or pre-existent SVD. The neuroinflammatory picture was dominated by ameboid CD68 positive microglia, while only scant lymphocytic presence and very few traces of SARS-CoV-2 were detected. Microglial activation in the brainstem was significantly greater in COVID-19 cases (p = 0.046). Instead, microglial hyperactivation in the frontal cortex and hippocampus was clearly associated to AD pathology (p = 0.001), regardless of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. In COVID-19 cases complicated by delirium (all with neurocognitive disorders), there was a significant enhancement of microglia in the hippocampus (p = 0.048). Although higher in cases with both Alzheimer's pathology and COVID-19, cortical neuroinflammation is not related to COVID-19 per se but mostly to pre-existing neurodegeneration. COVID-19 brains seem to manifest a boosting of innate immunity with microglial reinforcement, and adaptive immunity suppression with low number of brain lymphocytes probably related to systemic lymphopenia. Thus, no neuropathological evidence of SARS-CoV-2-specific encephalitis is detectable. The microglial hyperactivation in the brainstem, and in the hippocampus of COVID-19 patients with delirium, appears as a specific topographical phenomenon, and probably represents the neuropathological basis of the "COVID-19 encephalopathic syndrome" in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Abbiategrasso Brain BankGolgi‐Cenci FoundationMilanItaly
- Department of RehabilitationASP Golgi‐RedaelliMilanItaly
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Abbiategrasso Brain BankGolgi‐Cenci FoundationMilanItaly
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Silvia Damiana Visonà
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Alice Cirrincione
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Abbiategrasso Brain BankGolgi‐Cenci FoundationMilanItaly
| | - Arenn Faye Carlos
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Abbiategrasso Brain BankGolgi‐Cenci FoundationMilanItaly
| | - Annalisa Davin
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Abbiategrasso Brain BankGolgi‐Cenci FoundationMilanItaly
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Genomic and Post‐Genomic CenterIRCCS Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly
| | | | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and Post‐Genomic CenterIRCCS Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly
| | - Livio Tronconi
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Department of Forensic MedicineIRCCS Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly
| | - Antonio Guaita
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Abbiategrasso Brain BankGolgi‐Cenci FoundationMilanItaly
| | - Mauro Ceroni
- Department of Brain and Behavioral DisordersUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Department of General NeurologyIRCCS Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly
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Mazi TA, Borkowski K, Newman JW, Fiehn O, Bowlus CL, Sarkar S, Matsukuma K, Ali MR, Kieffer DA, Wan YJY, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Medici V. Ethnicity-specific alterations of plasma and hepatic lipidomic profiles are related to high NAFLD rate and severity in Hispanic Americans, a pilot study. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:490-502. [PMID: 34182070 PMCID: PMC8712226 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive condition that includes steatosis (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In the U.S., Hispanics (HIS) are afflicted with NAFLD at a higher rate and severity compared to other ethnicities. To date, the mechanisms underlying this disparity have not been elucidated. In this pilot study, we compared untargeted plasma metabolomic profiles for primary metabolism, complex lipids, choline and related compounds between a group of HIS (n = 7) and White Caucasian (CAU, n = 8) subjects with obesity and biopsy-characterized NAFL to ethnicity-matched lean healthy controls (n = 14 HIS and 8 CAU). We also compared liver and plasma metabolomic profiles in a group of HIS and CAU subjects with obesity and NASH of comparable NAFLD Activity Scores, to BMI-matched NASH-free subjects in both ethnicities. Results highlight signs of metabolic dysregulation observed in HIS, independent of obesity, including higher plasma triglycerides, acylcarnitines, and free fatty acids. With NASH progression, there were ethnicity-related differences in the hepatic profile, including higher free fatty acids and lysophospholipids seen in HIS, suggesting lipotoxicity is involved in the progression of NASH. We also observed greater hepatic triglyceride content, higher plasma triglyceride concentrations and lower hepatic phospholipids with signs of impaired hepatic mitochondrial β-oxidation. These findings provide preliminary evidence indicating ethnicity-related variations that could potentially modulate the risk for progression of NALD to NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tagreed A Mazi
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 3135 Meyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Community Health Sciences-Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- West Coast Metabolomic Center, Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - John W Newman
- West Coast Metabolomic Center, Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomic Center, Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Christopher L Bowlus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 3500 Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Souvik Sarkar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 3500 Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Karen Matsukuma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Mohamed R Ali
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, 2221 Stockton Boulevard, Cypress Building, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Dorothy A Kieffer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 3500 Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Y Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 3500 Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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Conte M, Medici V, Malagoli D, Chiariello A, Cirrincione A, Davin A, Chikhladze M, Vasuri F, Legname G, Ferrer I, Vanni S, Marcon G, Poloni TE, Guaita A, Franceschi C, Salvioli S. Expression pattern of perilipins in human brain during aging and in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 48:e12756. [PMID: 34312912 PMCID: PMC9291275 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Perilipins are conserved proteins that decorate intracellular lipid droplets and are essential for lipid metabolism. To date, there is limited knowledge on their expression in human brain or their involvement in brain aging and neurodegeneration. The aim of this study was to characterise the expression levels of perilipins (Plin1-Plin5) in different cerebral areas from subjects of different age, with or without signs of neurodegeneration. METHODS We performed real-time RT-PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy analyses in autoptic brain samples of frontal and temporal cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus from subjects ranging from 33 to 104 years of age, with or without histological signs of neurodegeneration. To test the possible relationship between Plins and inflammation, correlation analysis with IL-6 expression was also performed. RESULTS Plin2, Plin3 and Plin5, but not Plin1 and Plin4, are expressed in the considered brain areas with different intensities. Plin2 appears to be expressed more in grey matter, particularly in neurons in all the areas analysed, whereas Plin3 and Plin5 appear to be expressed more in white matter. Plin3 seems to be expressed more in astrocytes. Only Plin2 expression is higher in old subjects and patients with early tauopathy or Alzheimer's disease and is associated with IL-6 expression. CONCLUSIONS Perilipins are expressed in human brain but only Plin2 appears to be modulated with age and neurodegeneration and linked to an inflammatory state. We propose that the accumulation of lipid droplets decorated with Plin2 occurs during brain aging and that this accumulation may be an early marker and initial step of inflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Conte
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre "Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Malagoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Chiariello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alice Cirrincione
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Davin
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Maia Chikhladze
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Vasuri
- Pathology Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Bologna Authority Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Legname
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Pathologic Anatomy, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Health, L'Hospilatet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Vanni
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo Per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Gabriella Marcon
- DAME, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Guaita
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre "Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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29
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Sarode GV, Neier K, Shibata NM, Shen Y, Goncharov DA, Goncharova EA, Mazi TA, Joshi N, Settles ML, LaSalle JM, Medici V. Wilson Disease: Intersecting DNA Methylation and Histone Acetylation Regulation of Gene Expression in a Mouse Model of Hepatic Copper Accumulation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1457-1477. [PMID: 34098115 PMCID: PMC8487080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The pathogenesis of Wilson disease (WD) involves hepatic and brain copper accumulation resulting from pathogenic variants affecting the ATP7B gene and downstream epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms. Prior methylome investigations in human WD liver and blood and in the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME) C3He-Atp7btx-j/J (tx-j) WD mouse model revealed an epigenetic signature of WD, including changes in histone deacetylase (HDAC) 5. We tested the hypothesis that histone acetylation is altered with respect to copper overload and aberrant DNA methylation in WD. METHODS We investigated class IIa HDAC4 and HDAC5 and H3K9/H3K27 histone acetylation in tx-j mouse livers compared with C3HeB/FeJ (C3H) control in response to 3 treatments: 60% kcal fat diet, D-penicillamine (copper chelator), and choline (methyl group donor). Experiments with copper-loaded hepatoma G2 cells were conducted to validate in vivo studies. RESULTS In 9-week tx-j mice, HDAC5 levels increased significantly after 8 days of a 60% kcal fat diet compared with chow. In 24-week tx-j mice, HDAC4/5 levels were reduced 5- to 10-fold compared with C3H, likely through mechanisms involving HDAC phosphorylation. HDAC4/5 levels were affected by disease progression and accompanied by increased acetylation. D-penicillamine and choline partially restored HDAC4/5 and H3K9ac/H3K27ac to C3H levels. Integrated RNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analyses revealed genes regulating energy metabolism and cellular stress/development, which, in turn, were regulated by histone acetylation in tx-j mice compared with C3H mice, with Pparα and Pparγ among the most relevant targets. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest dietary modulation of class IIa HDAC4/5, and subsequent H3K9/H3K27 acetylation/deacetylation can regulate gene expression in key metabolic pathways in the pathogenesis of WD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kari Neier
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Genome Center, Davis, California
| | | | - Yuanjun Shen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Lung Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Dmitry A. Goncharov
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Lung Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Elena A. Goncharova
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Lung Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Tagreed A. Mazi
- Department of Nutrition, Davis, California,Department of Community Health Sciences–Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikhil Joshi
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of California–Davis, Davis, California
| | - Matthew L. Settles
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of California–Davis, Davis, California
| | - Janine M. LaSalle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Genome Center, Davis, California
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Davis, California,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Valentina Medici, MD, FAASLD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California–Davis, 4150 V Street, Patient Support Services Building (PSSB) Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817. fax: (916) 734-7908.
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30
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Hieronimus B, Medici V, Bremer AA, Lee V, Nunez MV, Sigala DM, Keim NL, Havel PJ, Stanhope KL. Corrigendum to "Synergistic effects of fructose and glucose on lipoprotein risk factors for cardiovascular disease in young adults" [Metab Clin Exp 112 (2020) 154356]. Metabolism 2021; 119:154774. [PMID: 33866221 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hieronimus
- Max Rubner-Institut, Institute of Child Nutrition, Karlsruhe, Germany; Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America.
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Andrew A Bremer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America; Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Vivien Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Marinelle V Nunez
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Desiree M Sigala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Nancy L Keim
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America; United States Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Medici
- University of California Davis, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sacramento, California.
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32
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Leung M, Aronowitz PB, Medici V. The Present and Future Challenges of Wilson's Disease Diagnosis and Treatment. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2021; 17:267-270. [PMID: 33968387 PMCID: PMC8087914 DOI: 10.1002/cld.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Leung
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCA
| | - Paul B. Aronowitz
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCA
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Merighi S, Battistello E, Casetta I, Gragnaniello D, Poloni TE, Medici V, Cirrincione A, Varani K, Vincenzi F, Borea PA, Gessi S. Upregulation of Cortical A2A Adenosine Receptors Is Reflected in Platelets of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1105-1117. [PMID: 33646165 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathology covering about 70%of all cases of dementia. Adenosine, a ubiquitous nucleoside, plays a key role in neurodegeneration, through interaction with four receptor subtypes. The A2A receptor is upregulated in peripheral blood cells of patients affected by Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, reflecting the same alteration found in brain tissues. However, whether these changes are also present in AD pathology has not been determined. OBJECTIVE In this study we verified any significant difference between AD cases and controls in both brain and platelets and we evaluated whether peripheral A2A receptors may reflect the status of neuronal A2A receptors. METHODS We evaluated the expression of A2A receptors in frontal white matter, frontal gray matter, and hippocampus/entorhinal cortex, in postmortem AD patients and control subjects, through [3H]ZM 241385 binding experiments. The same analysis was performed in peripheral platelets from AD patients versus controls. RESULTS The expression of A2A receptors in frontal white matter, frontal gray matter, and hippocampus/entorhinal cortex, revealed a density (Bmax) of 174±29, 219±33, and 358±84 fmol/mg of proteins, respectively, in postmortem AD patients in comparison to 104±16, 103±19, and 121±20 fmol/mg of proteins in controls (p < 0.01). The same trend was observed in peripheral platelets from AD patients versus controls (Bmax of 214±17 versus 95±4 fmol/mg of proteins, respectively, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION AD subjects show significantly higher A2A receptor density than controls. Values on platelets seem to correlate with those in the brain supporting a role for A2A receptor as a possible marker of AD pathology and drug target for novel therapies able to modify the progression of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Merighi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrica Battistello
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Casetta
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniela Gragnaniello
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Ferrara University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology & Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Neurology & Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Cirrincione
- Department of Neurology & Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Milan, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Salemi M, Mazzetti S, De Leonardis M, Giampietro F, Medici V, Poloni TE, Cannarella R, Giaccone G, Pezzoli G, Cappelletti G, Ferri R. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and Parkinson's disease: A study in post-mortem human brain. Neurochem Int 2021; 144:104978. [PMID: 33516746 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is crucial in both maintenance of genome integrity and cell death. PARP1 activation has been very recently linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) and its role in inducing the pathologic accumulation of α-Synuclein demonstrated in a PD mouse model. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence and localization of PARP1 in PD brain. PARP1 localization was assessed by immunostaining and confocal microscopy in post-mortem human brains obtained from PD patients (Braak stage VI) compared to controls. PARP1 positive nuclei in substantia nigra, mainly in dopaminergic neurons but also in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, were decreased in PD. The same alteration was observed in several areas that are affected in PD pathology, namely the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, frontal and cingulate cortex, whereas no changes in PARP1 staining were detectable in the inferior olivary nucleus that is unaffected in PD. In addition, PARP1 co-localizes with α-Synuclein that is accumulated in the cytoplasm and in Lewy bodies of PD tissue sections. Our data reveal previously unknown changes of PARP1 localization in the brain of PD patients, in both neurons and glia, supporting its widespread involvement in this pathology and its potential use as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samanta Mazzetti
- Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson, via Zuretti 35, I-20135, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Milan, Italy
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Unit of Neuropathology and Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson, via Zuretti 35, I-20135, Milan, Italy
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Davin A, Cereda C, Ardemagni D, Mimmi MC, Abbondanza S, Vaccaro R, Poloni TE, Medici V, Colombo M, Guaita A. Frailty as a risk factor for incident dementia and cognitive decline: Data from the longitudinal InveCe.Ab study. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.042509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and post‐Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation Pavia Italy
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Palmieri I, Gagliardi S, Valente ML, Zucca S, Davin A, Medici V, Poloni TE, Guaita A, Cereda C. DNA and RNA deep sequencing and epigenetic characterization of two kindred cases affected by slow and fast decline dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.043524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Palmieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine University of Pavia Pavia Italy
- Genomic and Post‐Genomic Center IRCCS Mondino Foundation Pavia Italy
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Genomic and Post‐Genomic Center IRCCS Mondino Foundation Pavia Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and Post‐Genomic Center IRCCS Mondino Foundation Pavia Italy
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Hieronimus B, Medici V, Bremer AA, Lee V, Nunez MV, Sigala DM, Keim NL, Havel PJ, Stanhope KL. Synergistic effects of fructose and glucose on lipoprotein risk factors for cardiovascular disease in young adults. Metabolism 2020; 112:154356. [PMID: 32916151 PMCID: PMC8744004 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fructose consumption increases risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. It is assumed that the effects of free sugars on risk factors are less potent because they contain less fructose. We compared the effects of consuming fructose, glucose or their combination, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), on cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS Adults (18-40 years; BMI 18-35 kg/m2) participated in a parallel, double-blinded dietary intervention during which beverages sweetened with aspartame, glucose (25% of energy requirements (ereq)), fructose or HFCS (25% and 17.5% ereq) were consumed for two weeks. Groups were matched for sex, baseline BMI and plasma lipid/lipoprotein concentrations. 24-h serial blood samples were collected at baseline and at the end of intervention. Primary outcomes were 24-h triglyceride AUC, LDL-cholesterol (C), and apolipoprotein (apo)B. Interactions between fructose and glucose were assessed post hoc. FINDINGS 145 subjects (26.0 ± 5.8 years; body mass index 25.0 ± 3.7 kg/m2) completed the study. As expected, the increase of 24-h triglycerides compared with aspartame was highest during fructose consumption (25%: 6.66 mmol/Lx24h 95% CI [1.90 to 11.63], P = 0.0013 versus aspartame), intermediate during HFCS consumption (25%: 4.68 mmol/Lx24h 95% CI [-0.18 to 9.55], P = 0.066 versus aspartame) and lowest during glucose consumption. In contrast, the increase of LDL-C was highest during HFCS consumption (25%: 0.46 mmol/L 95% CI [0.16 to 0.77], P = 0.0002 versus aspartame) and intermediate during fructose consumption (25%: 0.33 mmol/L 95% CI [0.03 to 0.63], P = 0.023 versus aspartame), as was the increase of apoB (HFCS-25%: 0.108 g/L 95%CI [0.032 to 0.184], P = 0.001; fructose 25%: 0.072 g/L 95%CI [-0.004 to 0.148], P = 0.074 versus aspartame). The post hoc analyses showed significant interactive effects of fructose*glucose on LDL-C and apoB (both P < 0.01), but not on 24-h triglyceride (P = 0.340). CONCLUSION A significant interaction between fructose and glucose contributed to increases of lipoprotein risk factors when the two monosaccharides were co-ingested as HFCS. Thus, the effects of HFCS on lipoprotein risks factors are not solely mediated by the fructose content and it cannot be assumed that glucose is a benign component of HFCS. Our findings suggest that HFCS may be as harmful as isocaloric amounts of pure fructose and provide further support for the urgency to implement strategies to limit free sugar consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hieronimus
- Max Rubner-Institut, Institute of Child Nutrition, Karlsruhe, Germany; Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America.
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Andrew A Bremer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America; Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Vivien Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Marinelle V Nunez
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Desiree M Sigala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Nancy L Keim
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America; United States Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
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Medici V, Sarode GV, Napoli E, Song GY, Shibata NM, Guimarães AO, Mordaunt CE, Kieffer DA, Mazi TA, Czlonkowska A, Litwin T, LaSalle JM, Giulivi C. mtDNA depletion-like syndrome in Wilson disease. Liver Int 2020; 40:2776-2787. [PMID: 32996699 PMCID: PMC8079140 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Wilson disease (WD) is caused by mutations in the copper transporter ATP7B, with its main pathology attributed to copper-mediated oxidative damage. The limited therapeutic effect of copper chelators and the early occurrence of mitochondrial deficits, however, undermine the prevalence of this mechanism. METHODS We characterized mitochondrial DNA copy number and mutations as well as bioenergetic deficits in blood from patients with WD and in livers of tx-j mice, a mouse model of hepatic copper accumulation. In vitro experiments with hepatocytes treated with CuSO4 were conducted to validate in vivo studies. RESULTS Here, for the first time, we characterized the bioenergetic deficits in WD as consistent with a mitochondrial DNA depletion-like syndrome. This is evidenced by enriched DNA synthesis/replication pathways in serum metabolomics and decreased mitochondrial DNA copy number in blood of WD patients as well as decreased mitochondrial DNA copy number, increased citrate synthase activity, and selective Complex IV deficit in livers of the tx-j mouse model of WD. Tx-j mice treated with the copper chelator penicillamine, methyl donor choline or both ameliorated mitochondrial DNA damage but further decreased mitochondrial DNA copy number. Experiments with copper-loaded HepG2 cells validated the concept of a direct copper-mitochondrial DNA interaction. CONCLUSIONS This study underlines the relevance of targeting the copper-mitochondrial DNA pool in the treatment of WD separate from the established copper-induced oxidative stress-mediated damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 4150 V Street, PSSB Suite 3500, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616,Correspondence: Authors share co-senior authorship, Valentina Medici, M.D., Professor, University of California Davis, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 4150 V Street, PSSB Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, ; Cecilia Giulivi, Ph.D., Professor, University of California Davis, Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, 1089 Veterinary Dr., 3017 Vet Med 3B, Davis, California 95616,
| | - Gaurav Vilas Sarode
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 4150 V Street, PSSB Suite 3500, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Gyu-Young Song
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Noreene M. Shibata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 4150 V Street, PSSB Suite 3500, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616
| | - Andre Oliveira Guimarães
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616,Laboratório de Ciências Físicas, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes RJ, Brazil
| | - Charles E. Mordaunt
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616,Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, 2825 50 St, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95817
| | - Dorothy A. Kieffer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 4150 V Street, PSSB Suite 3500, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616
| | - Tagreed A. Mazi
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616,Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anna Czlonkowska
- Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Litwin
- Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janine M. LaSalle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616,Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, 2825 50 St, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95817
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616,Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, 2825 50 St, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95817,Correspondence: Authors share co-senior authorship, Valentina Medici, M.D., Professor, University of California Davis, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 4150 V Street, PSSB Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, ; Cecilia Giulivi, Ph.D., Professor, University of California Davis, Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, 1089 Veterinary Dr., 3017 Vet Med 3B, Davis, California 95616,
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Poloni TE, Carlos AF, Cairati M, Cutaia C, Medici V, Marelli E, Ferrari D, Galli A, Bognetti P, Davin A, Cirrincione A, Ceretti A, Cereda C, Ceroni M, Tronconi L, Vitali S, Guaita A. Prevalence and prognostic value of Delirium as the initial presentation of COVID-19 in the elderly with dementia: An Italian retrospective study. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 26:100490. [PMID: 32838241 PMCID: PMC7392565 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delirium may be one of the presenting symptoms of COVID-19, complicating diagnosis and care of elderly patients with dementia. We aim to identify the prevalence and prognostic significance of delirium as the sole onset manifestation of COVID-19. METHODS This is a retrospective single-centre study based on review of medical charts, conducted during the outbreak peak (March 27-April 18, 2020) in a Lombard dementia facility, including 59 elderly subjects with dementia and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. FINDINGS Of the 59 residents, 57 (96⋅6%) tested positive (mean age: 82⋅8; women: 66⋅7%). Comorbidities were present in all participants, with 18/57 (31⋅6%) having three or more concomitant diseases. Delirium-Onset COVID-19 (DOC) was observed in 21/57 (36⋅8%) subjects who were chiefly older (mean age: 85⋅4 y/o) and with multiple comorbidities. Eleven/21 DOC patients (52⋅4%) had hypoactive delirium, while hyperactive delirium occurred in ten/21 (47⋅6%). Lymphopenia was present in almost all subjects (median: 1⋅3 × 109/L). Overall mortality rate was 24⋅6% (14/57) and dementia severity per se had no impact on short-term mortality due to COVID-19. DOC was strongly associated with higher mortality (p<0⋅001). Also, DOC and male gender were independently associated with increased risk of mortality (OR: 17⋅0, 95% CI: 2⋅8-102⋅7, p = 0⋅002 and 13⋅6, 95% CI: 2⋅3-79⋅2, p = 0⋅001 respectively). INTERPRETATION Delirium occurrence in the elderly with dementia may represent a prodromal phase of COVID-19, and thus deserves special attention, especially in the presence of lymphopenia. Hypoxia and a severe inflammatory state may develop subsequently. DOC cases have higher short-term mortality rate. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, 10 - 20081 Abbiategrasso, Milan, Italy
| | - Arenn Faye Carlos
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, 10 - 20081 Abbiategrasso, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Cairati
- Department of Dementia Care, ASP Golgi-Redaelli, Abbiategrasso, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Cutaia
- Department of Dementia Care, ASP Golgi-Redaelli, Abbiategrasso, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, 10 - 20081 Abbiategrasso, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Marelli
- Department of Dementia Care, ASP Golgi-Redaelli, Abbiategrasso, Milan, Italy
| | - Danila Ferrari
- Department of Dementia Care, ASP Golgi-Redaelli, Abbiategrasso, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Galli
- Department of Neurology, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Bognetti
- Department of Cardiology, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Davin
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, 10 - 20081 Abbiategrasso, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Cirrincione
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, 10 - 20081 Abbiategrasso, Milan, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Ceretti
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, 10 - 20081 Abbiategrasso, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Ceroni
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Disorders, University of Pavia & Mondino Foundation IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Livio Tronconi
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia - Mondino Foundation IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Vitali
- Department of Dementia Care, ASP Golgi-Redaelli, Abbiategrasso, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Guaita
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, 10 - 20081 Abbiategrasso, Milan, Italy
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Massimi L, Pieroni N, Maugeri L, Fratini M, Brun F, Bukreeva I, Santamaria G, Medici V, Poloni TE, Balducci C, Cedola A. Assessment of plaque morphology in Alzheimer's mouse cerebellum using three-dimensional X-ray phase-based virtual histology. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11233. [PMID: 32641715 PMCID: PMC7343834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Visualization and characterization of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\beta$$\end{document}β-amyloid deposits is a fundamental task in pre-clinical study of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to assess its evolution and monitor the efficiency of new therapeutic strategies. While the cerebellum is one of the brain areas most underestimated in the context of AD, renewed interest in cerebellar lesions has recently arisen as they may link to motor and cognitive alterations. Thus, we quantitatively investigated three-dimensional plaque morphology in the cerebellum in APP/PS1 transgenic mouse, as a model of AD. In order to obtain a complete high-resolution three-dimensional view of the investigated tissue, we exploited synchrotron X-ray phase contrast tomography (XPCT), providing virtual slices with histology-matching resolution. We found the formation of plaques elongated in shape, and with a specific orientation in space depending on the investigated region of the cerebellar cortex. Remarkably, a similar shape is observed in human cerebellum from demented patients. Our findings demonstrate the capability of XPCT in volumetric quantification, supporting the current knowledge about plaque morphology in the cerebellum and the fundamental role of the surrounding tissue in driving their evolution. A good correlation with the human neuropathology is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Massimi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK. .,Institute of Nanotechnology - CNR, Rome Unit, Rome, Italy.
| | - Nicola Pieroni
- Institute of Nanotechnology - CNR, Rome Unit, Rome, Italy.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Histological, Legal Medical and Locomotor, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Maugeri
- Institute of Nanotechnology - CNR, Rome Unit, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Fratini
- Institute of Nanotechnology - CNR, Rome Unit, Rome, Italy.,Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Brun
- Institute of Nanotechnology - CNR, Rome Unit, Rome, Italy.,Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Inna Bukreeva
- Institute of Nanotechnology - CNR, Rome Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Santamaria
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Neuropathology and Neurology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, 20081, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neuropathology and Neurology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, 20081, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Claudia Balducci
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology - CNR, Rome Unit, Rome, Italy
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Poloni TE, Medici V, Carlos AF, Davin A, Ceretti A, Mangieri M, Cassini P, Vaccaro R, Zaccaria D, Abbondanza S, Bordoni M, Fantini V, Fogato E, Cereda C, Ceroni M, Guaita A. Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32568219 DOI: 10.3791/60296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In a constantly aging population, the prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders is expected to rise. Understanding disease mechanisms is the key to find preventive and curative measures. The most effective way to achieve this is through direct examination of diseased and healthy brain tissue. The authors present a protocol to obtain, process, characterize and store good quality brain tissue donated by individuals registered in an antemortem brain donation program. The donation program includes a face-to-face empathic approach to people, a collection of complementary clinical, biological, social and lifestyle information and serial multi-dimensional assessments over time to track individual trajectories of normal aging and cognitive decline. Since many neurological diseases are asymmetrical, our brain bank offers a unique protocol for slicing fresh specimens. Brain sections of both hemispheres are alternately frozen (at -80 °C) or fixed in formalin; a fixed slice on one hemisphere corresponds to a frozen one on the other hemisphere. With this approach, a complete histological characterization of all frozen material can be obtained, and omics studies can be performed on histologically well-defined tissues from both hemispheres thus offering a more complete assessment of neurodegenerative disease mechanisms. Correct and definite diagnosis of these diseases can only be achieved by combining the clinical syndrome with the neuropathological evaluation, which often adds important etiological clues necessary to interpret the pathogenesis. This method can be time consuming, expensive and limited as it only covers a limited geographical area. Regardless of its limitations, the high degree of characterization it provides can be rewarding. Our ultimate goal is to establish the first Italian Brain Bank, all the while emphasizing the importance of neuropathologically verified epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation; Department of Rehabilitation, ASP Golgi-Redaelli Geriatric Hospital;
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation
| | | | - Annalisa Davin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetic, Golgi-Cenci Foundation
| | | | - Michela Mangieri
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation
| | - Paola Cassini
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation; Department of Rehabilitation, ASP Golgi-Redaelli Geriatric Hospital
| | - Roberta Vaccaro
- Department of Neuropsychology and Social Sciences, Golgi-Cenci Foundation
| | - Daniele Zaccaria
- Department of Neuropsychology and Social Sciences, Golgi-Cenci Foundation
| | - Simona Abbondanza
- Department of Neuropsychology and Social Sciences, Golgi-Cenci Foundation
| | - Matteo Bordoni
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation
| | - Valentina Fantini
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetic, Golgi-Cenci Foundation; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia
| | - Elena Fogato
- Department of Pathology, ASP Golgi-Redaelli Geriatric Hospital
| | | | - Mauro Ceroni
- Department of Neurological Science, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, University of Pavia
| | - Antonio Guaita
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation; Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetic, Golgi-Cenci Foundation; Department of Neuropsychology and Social Sciences, Golgi-Cenci Foundation
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Abstract
Copper accumulation and deficiency are reciprocally connected to lipid metabolism. In Wilson disease (WD), which is caused by a genetic loss of function of the copper-transporting P-type ATPase beta, copper accumulates mainly in the liver and lipid metabolism is dysregulated. The underlying mechanisms linking copper and lipid metabolism in WD are not clear. Copper may impair metabolic machinery by direct binding to protein and lipid structures or by generating reactive oxygen species with consequent damage to cellular organelles vital to energy metabolism. In the liver, copper overload results in mitochondrial impairment, down-regulation of lipid metabolism, and the development of steatosis with an etiology not fully elucidated. Little is known regarding the effect of copper overload on extrahepatic energy homeostasis. This review aims to discuss alterations in hepatic energy metabolism associated with WD, highlights potential mechanisms involved in the development of hepatic and systemic dysregulation of lipid metabolism, and reviews current knowledge on the effects of copper overload on extrahepatic energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tagreed A. Mazi
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noreene M. Shibata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA,Corresponding author. (V. Medici)
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Leung M, Wu Lanzafame J, Medici V. Switching Pharmacological Treatment in Wilson Disease: Case Report and Recommendations. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2020; 8:2324709619896876. [PMID: 31920114 PMCID: PMC6956597 DOI: 10.1177/2324709619896876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Available treatments for Wilson disease (WD) prevent longterm complications of copper accumulation. Current anti-copper agents include zinc salts, penicillamine, and trientine. Patients with WD may switch between the agents for a number of reasons. Due to the different mechanisms of action between the copper chelators and zinc salts, transitioning could require a period of overlap and increased monitoring. There are no large studies that investigate the best transition strategies between agents. In this article, we review the treatments for WD and how to monitor for treatment efficacy. Case Summary. The patient had been diagnosed with WD for over 20 years prior to establishing care in our Hepatology Clinic. During his initial course, he was transitioned from penicillamine to zinc due to evidence suggesting penicillamine had greater adverse effects in the long term. Later, he was switched to trientine. His liver enzymes and 24-hour urine copper were monitored. During these years, he intermittently had some financial hardship, requiring him to be on penicillamine rather than trientine. He also had developed acute kidney injury. Overall, his liver disease remained under control and he never had signs of decompensated cirrhosis, but had fluctuations of liver enzymes over the years. Conclusion. Anti-copper treatment for WD has to be tailored to medication side effects profile, patient's chronic and emerging comorbidities, as well as costs. Transitioning regimens is often challenging, and it requires closer monitoring, with no predictors of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Leung
- University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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44
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Sarode GV, Kim K, Kieffer DA, Shibata NM, Litwin T, Czlonkowska A, Medici V. Correction to: Metabolomics profiles of patients with Wilson disease reveal a distinct metabolic signature. Metabolomics 2019; 16:3. [PMID: 31797141 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the originally published version of this article, there was an error. The metabolomics platform used for the analysis is GC-TOF-MS, Gas Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and not Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry as indicated in the original version.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav V Sarode
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dorothy A Kieffer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Noreene M Shibata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Tomas Litwin
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Czlonkowska
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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Beloin-Saint-Pierre D, Padey P, Périsset B, Medici V. Considering the dynamics of electricity demand and production for the environmental benchmark of Swiss residential buildings that exclusively use electricity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/323/1/012096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Poloni TE, Galli A, Carlos AF, Riva E, Medici V, Davin A, Guaita A, Ceroni M. Reversible Holmes Tremor due to Middle Cerebral Artery Giant Aneurysm. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2019; 9:tre-09-695. [PMID: 31534828 PMCID: PMC6727859 DOI: 10.7916/tohm.v0.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Milan, IT,Department of Rehabilitation, ASP Golgi-Redaelli, Milan, IT,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: or
| | - Alberto Galli
- Department of Neurology, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, IT
| | - Arenn Faye Carlos
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Milan, IT
| | - Emanuela Riva
- Department of Rehabilitation, ASP Golgi-Redaelli, Milan, IT
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Milan, IT
| | - Annalisa Davin
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Milan, IT
| | - Antonio Guaita
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Milan, IT
| | - Mauro Ceroni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Milan, IT,Department of Neurological Science, IRCCS “Istituto Neurologico C. Mondino” Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, IT
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this paper is to review current literature on nutritional ketosis within the context of weight management and metabolic syndrome, namely, insulin resistance, lipid profile, cardiovascular disease risk, and development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We provide background on the mechanism of ketogenesis and describe nutritional ketosis. RECENT FINDINGS Nutritional ketosis has been found to improve metabolic and inflammatory markers, including lipids, HbA1c, high-sensitivity CRP, fasting insulin and glucose levels, and aid in weight management. We discuss these findings and elaborate on potential mechanisms of ketones for promoting weight loss, decreasing hunger, and increasing satiety. Humans have evolved with the capacity for metabolic flexibility and the ability to use ketones for fuel. During states of low dietary carbohydrate intake, insulin levels remain low and ketogenesis takes place. These conditions promote breakdown of excess fat stores, sparing of lean muscle, and improvement in insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M Gershuni
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Stephanie L Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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48
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Rolandi E, Zaccaria D, Vaccaro R, Abbondanza S, Poloni TE, Davin A, Medici V, Chikhladze M, Guaita A. P2-594: ESTIMATE OF CASES ATTRIBUTABLE TO MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS FOR DEMENTIA WITHIN A POPULATION-BASED SAMPLE IN ITALY: THE INVECE.AB STUDY. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Medici V, Poloni TE, Chikhladze M, Davin A, Vaccaro R, Rolandi E, Abbondanza S, Ceretti A, Guaita A. P2-432: BRAINS BELONGING TO HOMOZYGOUS TWINS: CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATIONS FROM GOLGI-CENCI BRAIN BANK. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Poloni TE, Medici V, Negro G, Davin A, Chikhladze M, Zaccaria D, Vaccaro R, Rolandi E, Abbondanza S, Ceretti A, Ceroni M, Guaita A. P2-433: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LIMBIC LESIONS (TDP-43 AND/OR LEWY TYPE SYNUCLEINOPATHY) AND PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS IN PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA: PRELIMINARY DATA FROM THE ABBIATEGRASSO BRAIN BANK (ITALY). Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.2840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mauro Ceroni
- Golgi Cenci Foundation; Abbiategrasso Italy
- University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
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