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Borges G, Fong RY, Ensunsa JL, Kimball J, Medici V, Ottaviani JI, Crozier A. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of apigenin and its glycosides in healthy male adults. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 185:90-96. [PMID: 35452808 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The bioavailability of apigenin and its O-glycosides in humans was investigated with apigenin-4'-glucuronide (Ap-4'-GlcUA), apigenin-7-glucuronide and apigenin-7-sulfate being identified as in vivo metabolites. Apigenin per se was poorly absorbed with metabolites equivalent to 0.5% of intake excreted in urine 0-24 h post-intake. Consumption of a parsley drink containing apigenin-7-O-(2″-O-apiosyl)glucoside resulted in the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of Ap-4'-GlcUA occurring after 4 h, indicative of absorption in the lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Urinary excretion of the three metabolites corresponded to 11.2% of intake. Ingestion of dried powdered parsley leaves with yogurt extended the Cmax of Ap-4'-GlcUA to 6 h. Consumption of chamomile tea containing apigenin-7'-O-glucoside resulted in a 2 h Cmax of Ap-4'-GlcUA, in keeping with absorption in the upper GIT. Urinary excretion was equivalent to 34% of intake. Intake of the parsley drink provided information on intra- and inter-individual variations in the level of excretion of the apigenin metabolites. CLINICAL TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This trail was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03526081.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Borges
- Department of Nutrition, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA
| | - Reedmond Y Fong
- Department of Nutrition, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA
| | - Jodi L Ensunsa
- Department of Nutrition, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA
| | - Jennifer Kimball
- Department of Nutrition, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Javier I Ottaviani
- Department of Nutrition, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA; Mars Inc., McLean, VA, 22101, USA
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA; Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11362, Saudi Arabia.
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Chaves PFP, Hocayen PDAS, Dallazen JL, de Paula Werner MF, Iacomini M, Andreatini R, Cordeiro LMC. Chamomile tea: Source of a glucuronoxylan with antinociceptive, sedative and anxiolytic-like effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1675-1682. [PMID: 32795578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chamomile is one of the most ancient medicinal herbs known to mankind and among its traditional uses are the calming effects. However, few studies explored its effects on the central nervous system (CNS). In this study we further proceed with structural elucidation of polysaccharides from chamomile tea. A highly substituted 4-O-methyl-glucuronoxylan (fraction SN-50R) was purified and chemically characterized, presenting Xyl:GlcA ratio of 1.7:1, Mw of 500 kDa and total sugar content of 98%. Its bioactivity on pain and on CNS was explored. Animals treated with SN-50R presented antinociceptive effect and a dose-dependent decrease in the number of crossings in the activity chamber and in the open field test, as well as a significant reduction in the number of marbles buried when compared to control. These results suggest that SN-50R presented sedative and anxiolytic-like effects and may be contributing for the calming effects obtained by chamomile tea ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jorge Luiz Dallazen
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Marcello Iacomini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Roberto Andreatini
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucimara M C Cordeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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