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Poloni TE, Medici V, Carlos AF, Davin A, Ceretti A, Mangieri M, Cassini P, Vaccaro R, Zaccaria D, Abbondanza S, Bordoni M, Fantini V, Fogato E, Cereda C, Ceroni M, Guaita A. Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32568219 DOI: 10.3791/60296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In a constantly aging population, the prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders is expected to rise. Understanding disease mechanisms is the key to find preventive and curative measures. The most effective way to achieve this is through direct examination of diseased and healthy brain tissue. The authors present a protocol to obtain, process, characterize and store good quality brain tissue donated by individuals registered in an antemortem brain donation program. The donation program includes a face-to-face empathic approach to people, a collection of complementary clinical, biological, social and lifestyle information and serial multi-dimensional assessments over time to track individual trajectories of normal aging and cognitive decline. Since many neurological diseases are asymmetrical, our brain bank offers a unique protocol for slicing fresh specimens. Brain sections of both hemispheres are alternately frozen (at -80 °C) or fixed in formalin; a fixed slice on one hemisphere corresponds to a frozen one on the other hemisphere. With this approach, a complete histological characterization of all frozen material can be obtained, and omics studies can be performed on histologically well-defined tissues from both hemispheres thus offering a more complete assessment of neurodegenerative disease mechanisms. Correct and definite diagnosis of these diseases can only be achieved by combining the clinical syndrome with the neuropathological evaluation, which often adds important etiological clues necessary to interpret the pathogenesis. This method can be time consuming, expensive and limited as it only covers a limited geographical area. Regardless of its limitations, the high degree of characterization it provides can be rewarding. Our ultimate goal is to establish the first Italian Brain Bank, all the while emphasizing the importance of neuropathologically verified epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation; Department of Rehabilitation, ASP Golgi-Redaelli Geriatric Hospital;
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation
| | | | - Annalisa Davin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetic, Golgi-Cenci Foundation
| | | | - Michela Mangieri
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation
| | - Paola Cassini
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation; Department of Rehabilitation, ASP Golgi-Redaelli Geriatric Hospital
| | - Roberta Vaccaro
- Department of Neuropsychology and Social Sciences, Golgi-Cenci Foundation
| | - Daniele Zaccaria
- Department of Neuropsychology and Social Sciences, Golgi-Cenci Foundation
| | - Simona Abbondanza
- Department of Neuropsychology and Social Sciences, Golgi-Cenci Foundation
| | - Matteo Bordoni
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation
| | - Valentina Fantini
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetic, Golgi-Cenci Foundation; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia
| | - Elena Fogato
- Department of Pathology, ASP Golgi-Redaelli Geriatric Hospital
| | | | - Mauro Ceroni
- Department of Neurological Science, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, University of Pavia
| | - Antonio Guaita
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation; Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetic, Golgi-Cenci Foundation; Department of Neuropsychology and Social Sciences, Golgi-Cenci Foundation
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Poloni TE, Alimehmeti R, Galli A, Gambini S, Mangieri M, Ceroni M. “Malignant” foot drop: Enzinger epithelioid sarcoma of the common fibular nerve. Muscle Nerve 2016; 54:805-6. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.25134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology; “Golgi-Cenci-Gallingani” Foundation and ASP “Golgi-Redaelli”; Milan Italy
| | - Ridvan Alimehmeti
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry; University Hospital Center “Mother Theresa”; Tirana Albania
| | - Alberto Galli
- Department of Neurology; “San Carlo Borromeo” Hospital; Milan Italy
| | - Stefania Gambini
- Department of Pathologic Anatomy; “Ospedale di Circolo di Melegnano”; Milan Italy
| | - Michela Mangieri
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology; “Golgi-Cenci-Gallingani” Foundation and ASP “Golgi-Redaelli”; Milan Italy
| | - Mauro Ceroni
- Department of Neurological Science; IRCCS “Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Mondino” Foundation; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
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Polito L, Poloni TE, Vaccaro R, Abbondanza S, Mangieri M, Davin A, Villani S, Guaita A. High homocysteine and epistasis between MTHFR and APOE: association with cognitive performance in the elderly. Exp Gerontol 2016; 76:9-16. [PMID: 26774227 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High total homocysteine (tHcy) is associated with cognitive impairment in the elderly. The impact of high tHcy on different cognitive domains deserves further investigation, as does the role of the C677T polymorphism of the 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. A cross-sectional analysis of 903 subjects from the population-based "InveCe.Ab" study was performed. The participants had no psychosis or active neurological disorders. They underwent a neuropsychological assessment. Principal component analysis allowed cognitive performance to be condensed into two components: executive functions and memory. Novel components were evaluated for association with tHcy, controlling for potential confounders. Regression models showed that high serum tHcy was associated with lower executive functions, but not with memory. MTHFR C677T TT was associated with higher tHcy but did not affect cognitive performance per se. However, when combined with the apolipoprotein E (APOE)-ε4 allele, it was a risk factor for lower executive performance, independently of tHcy levels. In summary, high tHcy per se, or MTHFR C677T TT in combination with the APOE-ε4 allele, might be associated primarily with executive dysfunctions rather than memory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Polito
- "Golgi Cenci" Foundation, Abbiategrasso 20081, Milan, Italy.
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- "Golgi Cenci" Foundation, Abbiategrasso 20081, Milan, Italy; "C. Golgi" Geriatric Institute, Abbiategrasso 20081, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Vaccaro
- "Golgi Cenci" Foundation, Abbiategrasso 20081, Milan, Italy; "C. Golgi" Geriatric Institute, Abbiategrasso 20081, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Annalisa Davin
- "Golgi Cenci" Foundation, Abbiategrasso 20081, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Villani
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Antonio Guaita
- "Golgi Cenci" Foundation, Abbiategrasso 20081, Milan, Italy
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Bouybayoune I, Mantovani S, Del Gallo F, Bertani I, Restelli E, Comerio L, Tapella L, Baracchi F, Fernández-Borges N, Mangieri M, Bisighini C, Beznoussenko GV, Paladini A, Balducci C, Micotti E, Forloni G, Castilla J, Fiordaliso F, Tagliavini F, Imeri L, Chiesa R. Transgenic fatal familial insomnia mice indicate prion infectivity-independent mechanisms of pathogenesis and phenotypic expression of disease. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004796. [PMID: 25880443 PMCID: PMC4400166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) and a genetic form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD178) are clinically different prion disorders linked to the D178N prion protein (PrP) mutation. The disease phenotype is determined by the 129 M/V polymorphism on the mutant allele, which is thought to influence D178N PrP misfolding, leading to the formation of distinctive prion strains with specific neurotoxic properties. However, the mechanism by which misfolded variants of mutant PrP cause different diseases is not known. We generated transgenic (Tg) mice expressing the mouse PrP homolog of the FFI mutation. These mice synthesize a misfolded form of mutant PrP in their brains and develop a neurological illness with severe sleep disruption, highly reminiscent of FFI and different from that of analogously generated Tg(CJD) mice modeling CJD178. No prion infectivity was detectable in Tg(FFI) and Tg(CJD) brains by bioassay or protein misfolding cyclic amplification, indicating that mutant PrP has disease-encoding properties that do not depend on its ability to propagate its misfolded conformation. Tg(FFI) and Tg(CJD) neurons have different patterns of intracellular PrP accumulation associated with distinct morphological abnormalities of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, suggesting that mutation-specific alterations of secretory transport may contribute to the disease phenotype. Genetic prion diseases are degenerative brain disorders caused by mutations in the gene encoding the prion protein (PrP). Different PrP mutations cause different diseases, including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and fatal familial insomnia (FFI). The reason for this variability is not known, but assembly of the mutant PrPs into distinct aggregates that spread in the brain by promoting PrP aggregation may contribute to the disease phenotype. We previously generated transgenic mice modeling genetic CJD, clinically identified by dementia and motor abnormalities. We have now generated transgenic mice carrying the PrP mutation associated with FFI, and found that they develop severe sleep abnormalities and other key features of the human disorder. Thus, transgenic mice recapitulate the phenotypic differences seen in humans. The mutant PrPs in FFI and CJD mice are aggregated but unable to promote PrP aggregation. They accumulate in different intracellular compartments and cause distinct morphological abnormalities of transport organelles. These results indicate that mutant PrP has disease-encoding properties that are independent of its ability to self-propagate, and suggest that the phenotypic heterogeneity may be due to different effects of aggregated PrP on intracellular transport. Our study provides new insights into the mechanisms of selective neuronal dysfunction due to protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihssane Bouybayoune
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Mantovani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Del Gallo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bertani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Restelli
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Liliana Comerio
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Tapella
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Baracchi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michela Mangieri
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurology, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” National Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bisighini
- Bio-Imaging Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Paladini
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Balducci
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Micotti
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- Bio-Imaging Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurology, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” National Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Imeri
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—“Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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5
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Rossi G, Conconi D, Panzeri E, Paoletta L, Piccoli E, Ferretti MG, Mangieri M, Ruggerone M, Dalprà L, Tagliavini F. Mutations in MAPT give rise to aneuploidy in animal models of tauopathy. Neurogenetics 2013; 15:31-40. [PMID: 24218087 PMCID: PMC3968519 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-013-0380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Tau is a major microtubule-associated protein in brain neurons. Its misfolding and accumulation cause neurodegenerative diseases characterized by brain atrophy and dementia, named tauopathies. Genetic forms are caused by mutations of microtubule-associated protein tau gene (MAPT). Tau is expressed also in nonneural tissues such as lymphocytes. Tau has been recently recognized as a multifunctional protein, and in particular, some findings supported a role in genome stability. In fact, peripheral cells of patients affected by frontotemporal dementia carrying different MAPT mutations showed structural and numerical chromosome aberrations. The aim of this study was to assess chromosome stability in peripheral cell from two animal models of genetic tauopathy, JNPL3 and PS19 mouse strains expressing the human tau carrying the P301L and P301S mutations, respectively, to confirm the previous data on humans. After demonstrating the presence of mutated tau in spleen, we performed standard cytogenetic analysis of splenic lymphocytes from homozygous and hemizygous JNPL3, hemizygous PS19, and relevant controls. Losses and gains of chromosomes (aneuploidy) were evaluated. We detected a significantly higher level of aneuploidy in JNPL3 and PS19 than in control mice. Moreover, in JNPL3, the aneuploidy was higher in homozygotes than in hemizygotes, demonstrating a gene dose effect, which appeared also to be age independent. Our results show that mutated tau is associated with chromosome instability. It is conceivable to hypothesize that in genetic tauopathies the aneuploidy may be present also in central nervous system, possibly contributing to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomina Rossi
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133, Milan, Italy,
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6
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Bugiani O, Giaccone G, Rossi G, Mangieri M, Capobianco R, Morbin M, Mazzoleni G, Cupidi C, Marcon G, Giovagnoli A, Bizzi A, Di Fede G, Puoti G, Carella F, Salmaggi A, Romorini A, Patruno GM, Magoni M, Padovani A, Tagliavini F. Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage With Amyloidosis Associated With the E693K Mutation of APP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 67:987-95. [DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2010.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Priano L, Giaccone G, Mangieri M, Albani G, Limido L, Brioschi A, Pradotto L, Orsi L, Mortara P, Fociani P, Mauro A, Tagliavini F. An atypical case of sporadic fatal insomnia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009; 80:924-7. [PMID: 19608785 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2008.154815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Fatal insomnia is a rare human prion disease characterised by sleep-wake disturbances, thalamic degeneration and deposition of type 2 disease-specific prion protein (PrP(Sc)). This report details a patient with sporadic fatal insomnia who exhibited cerebral deposition of type 1 PrP(Sc) and neuropathological changes largely in the basal ganglia. Previous damage of this brain region by a surgically removed colloid cyst and the insertion of two intracerebral shunts may have influenced the distribution of PrP(Sc) through a chronic inflammatory process. These findings add to our knowledge of the phenotypic variability of human prion diseases with prominent sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Priano
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
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8
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Giaccone G, Di Fede G, Mangieri M, Limido L, Capobianco R, Suardi S, Grisoli M, Binelli S, Fociani P, Bugiani O, Tagliavini F. A novel phenotype of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Case Reports 2009; 2009:bcr09.2008.0945. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr.09.2008.0945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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9
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Giaccone G, Mangieri M, Capobianco R, Limido L, Hauw JJ, Haïk S, Fociani P, Bugiani O, Tagliavini F. Tauopathy in human and experimental variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Neurobiol Aging 2008; 29:1864-73. [PMID: 17560687 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Revised: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau (phospho-tau) occurs in several neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer disease. In prion diseases, phospho-tau deposition has been described in a rare genetic form, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease, but is not considered part of the neuropathological picture of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Aim of this study was to investigate whether changes related to phospho-tau accumulation are present in the brain of patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) that shares with Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease abundant prion protein (PrP) deposition in amyloid form. The analysis was extended to experimental mouse models of vCJD. We detected a large number of phospho-tau-immunoreactive neuritic profiles, often clustered around PrP amyloid deposits, not only in the cerebral cortex, but also in the cerebellum of all vCJD patients examined, in the absence of Abeta. Although less constantly, phospho-tau was localized in some perikaria and dendrites. The biochemical counterpart was the presence of phospho-tau in the detergent-insoluble fraction of cerebral cortex. Phospho-tau-immunoreactive neuronal profiles were also found in association with PrP deposits in mouse models of vCJD. These findings suggest that the abnormal forms of PrP associated with vCJD trigger a tauopathy, and provide a paradigm for the early stages of tau pathology associated with cerebral amyloidoses, including Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Giaccone
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy.
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10
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Rossi G, Dalprà L, Crosti F, Lissoni S, Sciacca FL, Catania M, Di Fede G, Mangieri M, Giaccone G, Croci D, Tagliavini F. A new function of microtubule-associated protein tau: involvement in chromosome stability. Cell Cycle 2008; 7:1788-94. [PMID: 18583940 DOI: 10.4161/cc.7.12.6012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes assembly and stabilization of cytoskeleton microtubules. It is mostly expressed in neuronal and glial cells but it is also present in non-neural cells such as fibroblasts and lymphocytes. An altered tau produces cytoskeleton pathology resulting in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and tauopathies. Tau has been suggested to be a multifunctional protein, due to its localization in different cellular compartments. However its further functions are still unclear. We analyzed the distribution of tau in human skin fibroblasts showing its localization in the nucleus and along mitotic chromosomes. Then, we investigated if an altered tau, such as the P301L mutated protein associated with frontotemporal dementia, could produce nuclear pathology. We found that patients carrying the mutation consistently had several chromosome aberrations in their fibroblasts and lymphocytes: chromosome and chromatid breakages or gaps, aneuploidies, translocations, in addition to chromatin bridges and decondensed chromosomes. Our findings argue for a role of tau in chromosome stability by means of its interaction with both microtubules and chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomina Rossi
- Department of Neuropathology, Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy.
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11
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De Luigi A, Colombo L, Diomede L, Capobianco R, Mangieri M, Miccolo C, Limido L, Forloni G, Tagliavini F, Salmona M. The efficacy of tetracyclines in peripheral and intracerebral prion infection. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1888. [PMID: 18365024 PMCID: PMC2268013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that tetracyclines interact with and reverse the protease resistance of pathological prion protein extracted from scrapie-infected animals and patients with all forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, lowering the prion titre and prolonging survival of cerebrally infected animals. To investigate the effectiveness of these drugs as anti-prion agents Syrian hamsters were inoculated intramuscularly or subcutaneously with 263K scrapie strain at a 10−4 dilution. Tetracyclines were injected intramuscularly or intraperitoneally at the dose of 10 mg/kg. A single intramuscular dose of doxycycline one hour after infection in the same site of inoculation prolonged median survival by 64%. Intraperitoneal doses of tetracyclines every two days for 40 or 44 days increased survival time by 25% (doxycycline), 32% (tetracycline); and 81% (minocycline) after intramuscular infection, and 35% (doxycycline) after subcutaneous infection. To extend the therapeutic potential of tetracyclines, we investigated the efficacy of direct infusion of tetracyclines in advanced infection. Since intracerebroventricular infusion of tetracycline solutions can cause overt acute toxicity in animals, we entrapped the drugs in liposomes. Animals were inoculated intracerebrally with a 10−4 dilution of the 263K scrapie strain. A single intracerebroventricular infusion of 25 µg/ 20 µl of doxycycline or minocycline entrapped in liposomes was administered 60 days after inoculation, when 50% of animals showed initial symptoms of the disease. Median survival increased of 8.1% with doxycycline and 10% with minocycline. These data suggest that tetracyclines might have therapeutic potential for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada De Luigi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Colombo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milano, Italy
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Michela Mangieri
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Miccolo
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Limido
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
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12
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Giaccone G, Di Fede G, Mangieri M, Limido L, Capobianco R, Suardi S, Grisoli M, Binelli S, Fociani P, Bugiani O, Tagliavini F. A novel phenotype of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78:1379-82. [PMID: 18024694 PMCID: PMC2095610 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.115444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
An atypical case of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is described in a 78-year-old woman homozygous for methionine at codon 129 of the prion protein (PrP) gene. The neuropathological signature was the presence of PrP immunoreactive plaque-like deposits in the cerebral cortex, striatum and thalamus. Western blot analysis showed a profile of the pathological form of PrP (PrP(Sc)) previously unrecognised in sporadic CJD, marked by the absence of diglycosylated protease resistant species. These features define a novel neuropathological and molecular CJD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Giaccone
- Istituto Nazionale Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, Milano 20133, Italy.
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13
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Capobianco R, Casalone C, Suardi S, Mangieri M, Miccolo C, Limido L, Catania M, Rossi G, Fede GD, Giaccone G, Bruzzone MG, Minati L, Corona C, Acutis P, Gelmetti D, Lombardi G, Groschup MH, Buschmann A, Zanusso G, Monaco S, Caramelli M, Tagliavini F. Conversion of the BASE prion strain into the BSE strain: the origin of BSE? PLoS Pathog 2007; 3:e31. [PMID: 17352534 PMCID: PMC1817656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical neuropathological and molecular phenotypes of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) have recently been identified in different countries. One of these phenotypes, named bovine "amyloidotic" spongiform encephalopathy (BASE), differs from classical BSE for the occurrence of a distinct type of the disease-associated prion protein (PrP), termed PrP(Sc), and the presence of PrP amyloid plaques. Here, we show that the agents responsible for BSE and BASE possess different biological properties upon transmission to transgenic mice expressing bovine PrP and inbred lines of nontransgenic mice. Strikingly, serial passages of the BASE strain to nontransgenic mice induced a neuropathological and molecular disease phenotype indistinguishable from that of BSE-infected mice. The existence of more than one agent associated with prion disease in cattle and the ability of the BASE strain to convert into the BSE strain may have important implications with respect to the origin of BSE and spongiform encephalopathies in other species, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Casalone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Suardi
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Mangieri
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Miccolo
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Limido
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Catania
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Fede
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ludovico Minati
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiano Corona
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Gelmetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Guerino Lombardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anne Buschmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Gianluigi Zanusso
- Department of Neurological and Visual Science, Section of Clinical Neurology, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Monaco
- Department of Neurological and Visual Science, Section of Clinical Neurology, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Caramelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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14
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Tagliavini F, Mangieri M, Capobianco R, Hauw J, Haik S, Limido L, Fociani P, Bugiani O, Giaccone G. Tauopathy in human and experimental variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a29-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Neuropathology and Neurology 5Istituto Neurologico Carlo Bestavia Celoria 11Milano20133Italy
| | - Michela Mangieri
- Neuropathology and Neurology 5Istituto Neurologico Carlo Bestavia Celoria 11Milano20133Italy
| | - Raffaella Capobianco
- Neuropathology and Neurology 5Istituto Neurologico Carlo Bestavia Celoria 11Milano20133Italy
| | - Jean‐Jacques Hauw
- Neuropathology DepartmentSalpetriere Hospital47 Blvd de l'HopitalParis75 651France
| | - Staphane Haik
- Neuropathology DepartmentSalpetriere Hospital47 Blvd de l'HopitalParis75 651France
| | - Lucia Limido
- Neuropathology and Neurology 5Istituto Neurologico Carlo Bestavia Celoria 11Milano20133Italy
| | - Paolo Fociani
- PathologyUniversity of MilanoOspedale Luigi Sacco, via G. B. Grassi 74Milano20157Italy
| | - Orso Bugiani
- Neuropathology and Neurology 5Istituto Neurologico Carlo Bestavia Celoria 11Milano20133Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Neuropathology and Neurology 5Istituto Neurologico Carlo Bestavia Celoria 11Milano20133Italy
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15
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Di Fede G, Giaccone G, Limido L, Mangieri M, Suardi S, Puoti G, Morbin M, Mazzoleni G, Ghetti B, Tagliavini F. The ε Isoform of 14-3-3 Protein Is a Component of the Prion Protein Amyloid Deposits of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2007; 66:124-30. [PMID: 17278997 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e3180302060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins are highly conserved, ubiquitous molecules involved in a variety of biologic events, such as transduction pathway modulation, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. Seven isoforms have been identified that are abundant in the brain, preferentially localized in neurons. Remarkable increases in 14-3-3 are seen in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), and it has been found in pathologic inclusions of several neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the zeta isoform has been detected in prion protein (PrP) amyloid deposits of CJD patients. To further investigate the cerebral distribution of 14-3-3 in prion-related encephalopathies, we carried out an immunohistochemical and biochemical analysis of brain tissue from patients with Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSS) and sporadic, familial and acquired forms of CJD, using specific antibodies against the seven 14-3-3 isoforms. The study showed a strong immunoreactivity of PrP amyloid plaques of GSS patients for the 14-3-3 epsilon isoform, but not for the other isoforms. The epsilon isoform of 14-3-3 was not found in PrP deposits of CJD. These results indicate that the epsilon isoform of 14-3-3 is a component of PrP amyloid deposits of GSS and suggest that this is the sole 14-3-3 isoform specifically involved in the neuropathologic changes associated with this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Fede
- Department of Neuropathology and Neurology, Istituto Nazionale Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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16
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Moroncini G, Mangieri M, Morbin M, Mazzoleni G, Ghetti B, Gabrielli A, Williamson RA, Giaccone G, Tagliavini F. Pathologic prion protein is specifically recognized in situ by a novel PrP conformational antibody. Neurobiol Dis 2006; 23:717-24. [PMID: 16876426 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2006.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Revised: 06/01/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are characterized by the accumulation in the brain of abnormal conformers (PrP(Sc)) of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)). PrP(Sc) immunohistochemistry, currently based on antibodies non-distinguishing between PrP(C) and PrP(Sc), requires pre-treatments of histological sections to eliminate PrP(C) and to denature PrP(Sc). We employed the PrP(Sc)-specific antibody 89-112 PrP motif-grafted IgG on mildly fixed, untreated brain sections from several cases of human prion diseases. The results confirmed specific binding of IgG 89-112 to a structural determinant found exclusively on native disease-associated PrP conformations and lost following tissue denaturation or cross-linking fixation. Importantly, IgG 89-112 demonstrated no reactivity with normal brain tissue or with amyloid deposits in Alzheimer disease brain sections. Thus, immunohistochemical detection of native PrP(Sc) deposits was obtained by means of a PrP(Sc)-specific antibody. Such unique reagent may have many applications in the study of prion biology and in the diagnosis and prevention of prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Moroncini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Sezione di Clinica Medica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Polo Didattico, Via Tronto 10, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
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17
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Giaccone G, Mangieri M, Hauw JJ, Haı̈k S, Capobianco R, Fociani P, Bugiani O, Tagliavini F. O2–01–08: Tauopathy in variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Alzheimers Dement 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2006.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paolo Fociani
- Ospedale Luigi Sacco, Università di MilanoMilanoItaly
| | - Orso Bugiani
- Istituto Nazionale Neurologico Carlo BestaMilanoItaly
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18
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Salmona M, DeLuigi A, Diomede L, Colombo L, Manzoni C, Capobianco R, Mangieri M, Miccolo C, Forloni G, Tagliavini F. S1–03–06: Treatment of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies with doxycycline. Alzheimers Dement 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2006.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Salmona
- Mario Negri Institute of Pharmacological ResearchMilanItaly
| | - Ada DeLuigi
- Mario Negri Institute of Pharmacological ResearchMilanItaly
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Mario Negri Institute of Pharmacological ResearchMilanItaly
| | - Laura Colombo
- Mario Negri Institute of Pharmacological ResearchMilanItaly
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19
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Puoti G, Giaccone G, Mangieri M, Limido L, Fociani P, Zerbi P, Suardi S, Rossi G, Iussich S, Capobianco R, Di Fede G, Marcon G, Cotrufo R, Filippini G, Bugiani O, Tagliavini F. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: the extent of microglia activation is dependent on the biochemical type of PrPSc. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2005; 64:902-9. [PMID: 16215462 DOI: 10.1097/01.jnen.0000183346.19447.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In prion-related encephalopathies, microglial activation occurs early and is dependent on accumulation of disease-specific forms of the prion protein (PrPSc) and may play a role in nerve cell death. Previously, we found that different types of PrPSc (i.e. type 1 and type 2) coexisted in approximately 25% of patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD); and a close relationship was detected between PrPSc type, the pattern of PrP immunoreactivity, and extent of spongiform degeneration. To investigate whether microglial reaction is related to the biochemical type and deposition pattern of PrPSc, we carried out a neuropathologic and biochemical study on 26 patients with sporadic CJD, including all possible genotypes at codon 129 of the prion protein gene. By quantitative analysis, we demonstrated that strong microglial activation was associated with type 1 PrPSc and diffuse PrP immunoreactivity, whereas type 2 PrPSc and focal PrP deposits were accompanied by mild microglia reaction. These findings support the view that the phenotypic heterogeneity of sporadic CJD is largely determined by the physicochemical properties of distinct PrPSc conformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Puoti
- Istituto Nazionale Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, and Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
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20
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Rossi D, Brambilla L, Valori CF, Crugnola A, Giaccone G, Capobianco R, Mangieri M, Kingston AE, Bloc A, Bezzi P, Volterra A. Defective tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent control of astrocyte glutamate release in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer disease. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:42088-96. [PMID: 16253995 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m504124200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) induces Ca2+-dependent glutamate release from astrocytes via the downstream action of prostaglandin (PG) E2. By this process, astrocytes may participate in intercellular communication and neuromodulation. Acute inflammation in vitro, induced by adding reactive microglia to astrocyte cultures, enhances TNFalpha production and amplifies glutamate release, switching the pathway into a neurodamaging cascade (Bezzi, P., Domercq, M., Brambilla, L., Galli, R., Schols, D., De Clercq, E., Vescovi, A., Bagetta, G., Kollias, G., Meldolesi, J., and Volterra, A. (2001) Nat. Neurosci. 4, 702-710). Because glial inflammation is a component of Alzheimer disease (AD) and TNFalpha is overexpressed in AD brains, we investigated possible alterations of the cytokine-dependent pathway in PDAPP mice, a transgenic model of AD. Glutamate release was measured in acute hippocampal and cerebellar slices from mice at early (4-month-old) and late (12-month-old) disease stages in comparison with age-matched controls. Surprisingly, TNFalpha-evoked glutamate release, normal in 4-month-old PDAPP mice, was dramatically reduced in the hippocampus of 12-month-old animals. This defect correlated with the presence of numerous beta-amyloid deposits and hypertrophic astrocytes. In contrast, release was normal in cerebellum, a region devoid of beta-amyloid deposition and astrocytosis. The Ca2+-dependent process by which TNFalpha evokes glutamate release in acute slices is distinct from synaptic release and displays properties identical to those observed in cultured astrocytes, notably PG dependence. However, prostaglandin E2 induced normal glutamate release responses in 12-month-old PDAPP mice, suggesting that the pathology-associated defect involves the TNFalpha-dependent control of secretion rather than the secretory process itself. Reduced expression of DENN/MADD, a mediator of TNFalpha-PG coupling, might account for the defect. Alteration of this neuromodulatory astrocytic pathway is described here for the first time in relation to Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rossi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, via Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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21
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Salmona M, Capobianco R, Colombo L, De Luigi A, Rossi G, Mangieri M, Giaccone G, Quaglio E, Chiesa R, Donati MB, Tagliavini F, Forloni G. Role of plasminogen in propagation of scrapie. J Virol 2005; 79:11225-30. [PMID: 16103174 PMCID: PMC1193643 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.17.11225-11230.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether plasminogen may feature in scrapie infection, we inoculated plasminogen-deficient (Plg(-/-)), heterozygous plasminogen-deficient (Plg(+/-)), and wild-type (Plg(+/+)) mice by the intracerebral or intraperitoneal (i.p.) route with the RML scrapie strain and monitored the onset of neurological signs of disease, survival time, brain, and accumulation of scrapie disease-associated forms of the prion protein (PrP(Sc)). Only after i.p. inoculation, a slight, although significant, difference in survival (P < 0.05) between Plg(-/-) and Plg(+/+) mice was observed. Neuropathological examination and Western blot analysis were carried out when the first signs of disease appeared in Plg(+/+) animals (175 days after i.p. inoculation) and when mice reached the terminal stage of illness. At the onset of symptoms, PrP(Sc) accumulation was higher in the brain and spleen of Plg(+/+) and Plg(+/-) mice than in those of Plg(-/-) mice, and these differences were paralleled by differences in the severity of spongiform changes and astrogliosis in the cerebral cortex and subcortical gray structures. Immunohistochemical analysis of the spleens before inoculation did not show any impairment of the immune system affecting follicular dendritic or lymphoid cells in Plg(-/-) mice. Once the disease progressed and mice began to die of infection, differences were no longer apparent in either brains or spleens. In conclusion, our data indicate that plasminogen has no major effect on the survival of scrapie agent-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Salmona
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
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22
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Rossi G, Giaccone G, Maletta R, Morbin M, Capobianco R, Mangieri M, Giovagnoli AR, Bizzi A, Tomaino C, Perri M, Di Natale M, Tagliavini F, Bugiani O, Bruni AC. A family with Alzheimer disease and strokes associated with A713T mutation of the APP gene. Neurology 2005; 63:910-2. [PMID: 15365148 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000137048.80666.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Three members of an Italian family with autosomal dominant dementia and multiple strokes had the A713T mutation of the APP gene. The neuropathologic examination of the proband disclosed Alzheimer disease (AD) with severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy and multiple infarcts. This indicates that the A713T mutation of the APP gene, lying at the gamma-secretase cleavage site, can be responsible for AD with symptomatic cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rossi
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurology 5, Istituto Nazionale Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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23
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Pietrini V, Puoti G, Limido L, Rossi G, Di Fede G, Giaccone G, Mangieri M, Tedeschi F, Bondavalli A, Mancia D, Bugiani O, Tagliavini F. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with a novel extra-repeat insertional mutation in the PRNP gene. Neurology 2004; 61:1288-91. [PMID: 14610142 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000092017.74772.ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors investigated two unrelated patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) with clinical features of sporadic CJD (sCJD) carrying one extra octapeptide repeat in the prion protein (PrP) gene (PRNP). A synaptic type PrP distribution throughout the cerebral gray matter and plaque-like PrP deposits in the subcortical gray structures were detected immunocytochemically. The different patterns of PrP deposition were associated with distinct types of protease-resistant PrP, similar to type 1 and type 2 of sCJD. The features suggest that this insertion is a pathogenic mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pietrini
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University of Parma, Italy.
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