1
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Camargo LL, Wang Y, Rios FJ, McBride M, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticular Stress Interplay in the Vasculopathy of Hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1874-1887. [PMID: 37875177 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Under physiologic conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as signalling molecules that control cell function. However, in pathologic conditions, increased generation of ROS triggers oxidative stress, which plays a role in vascular changes associated with hypertension, including endothelial dysfunction, vascular reactivity, and arterial remodelling (termed the vasculopathy of hypertension). The major source of ROS in the vascular system is NADPH oxidase (NOX). Increased NOX activity drives vascular oxidative stress in hypertension. Molecular mechanisms underlying vascular damage in hypertension include activation of redox-sensitive signalling pathways, post-translational modification of proteins, and oxidative damage of DNA and cytoplasmic proteins. In addition, oxidative stress leads to accumulation of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (termed ER stress), with consequent activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). ER stress is emerging as a potential player in hypertension as abnormal protein folding in the ER leads to oxidative stress and dysregulated activation of the UPR promotes inflammation and injury in vascular and cardiac cells. In addition, the ER engages in crosstalk with exogenous sources of ROS, such as mitochondria and NOX, which can amplify redox processes. Here we provide an update of the role of ROS and NOX in hypertension and discuss novel concepts on the interplay between oxidative stress and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia L Camargo
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin McBride
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada; McGill University, Department of Medicine and Department of Family Medicine, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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2
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Wu D, Huang LF, Chen XC, Huang XR, Li HY, An N, Tang JX, Liu HF, Yang C. Research progress on endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis in kidney diseases. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:473. [PMID: 37500613 PMCID: PMC10374544 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays important roles in biosynthetic and metabolic processes, including protein and lipid synthesis, Ca2+ homeostasis regulation, and subcellular organelle crosstalk. Dysregulation of ER homeostasis can cause toxic protein accumulation, lipid accumulation, and Ca2+ homeostasis disturbance, leading to cell injury and even death. Accumulating evidence indicates that the dysregulation of ER homeostasis promotes the onset and progression of kidney diseases. However, maintaining ER homeostasis through unfolded protein response, ER-associated protein degradation, autophagy or ER-phagy, and crosstalk with other organelles may be potential therapeutic strategies for kidney disorders. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress on the relationship and molecular mechanisms of ER dysfunction in kidney pathologies. In addition, the endogenous protective strategies for ER homeostasis and their potential application for kidney diseases have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Feng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Cui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning An
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji-Xin Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chen Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Li SS, Sheng MJ, Sun ZY, Liang Y, Yu LX, Liu QF. Upstream and downstream regulators of Klotho expression in chronic kidney disease. Metabolism 2023; 142:155530. [PMID: 36868370 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Klotho is a critical protein that protects the kidney. Klotho is severely downregulated in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its deficiency is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of CKD. Conversely, an increase in Klotho levels results in improved kidney function and delays CKD progression, supporting the notion that modulating Klotho levels could represent a possible therapeutic strategy for CKD treatment. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms responsible for the loss of Klotho remain elusive. Previous studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress, inflammation, and epigenetic modifications can modulate Klotho levels. These mechanisms result in a decrease in Klotho mRNA transcript levels and reduced translation, thus can be grouped together as upstream regulatory mechanisms. However, therapeutic strategies that aim to rescue Klotho levels by targeting these upstream mechanisms do not always result in increased Klotho, indicating the involvement of other regulatory mechanisms. Emerging evidence has shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the unfolded protein response, and ER-associated degradation also affect the modification, translocation, and degradation of Klotho, and thus are proposed to be downstream regulatory mechanisms. Here, we discuss the current understanding of upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms of Klotho and examine potential therapeutic strategies to upregulate Klotho expression for CKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Li
- Clinical Research & Lab Centre, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China
| | - Ming-Jie Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China
| | - Zhuo-Yi Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China
| | - Li-Xia Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China.
| | - Qi-Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China.
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4
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Wang L, Feng J, Deng Y, Yang Q, Wei Q, Ye D, Rong X, Guo J. CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Proteins in Fibrosis: Complex Roles Beyond Conventional Understanding. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9891689. [PMID: 36299447 PMCID: PMC9575473 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9891689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) are a family of at least six identified transcription factors that contain a highly conserved basic leucine zipper domain and interact selectively with duplex DNA to regulate target gene expression. C/EBPs play important roles in various physiological processes, and their abnormal function can lead to various diseases. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that aberrant C/EBP expression or activity is closely associated with the onset and progression of fibrosis in several organs and tissues. During fibrosis, various C/EBPs can exert distinct functions in the same organ, while the same C/EBP can exert distinct functions in different organs. Modulating C/EBP expression or activity could regulate various molecular processes to alleviate fibrosis in multiple organs; therefore, novel C/EBPs-based therapeutic methods for treating fibrosis have attracted considerable attention. In this review, we will explore the features of C/EBPs and their critical functions in fibrosis in order to highlight new avenues for the development of novel therapies targeting C/EBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Feng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyue Deng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quxing Wei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewei Ye
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Bhardwaj R, Bhardwaj A, Dhawan DK, Tandon C, Kaur T. 4-PBA rescues hyperoxaluria induced nephrolithiasis by modulating urinary glycoproteins: Cross talk between endoplasmic reticulum, calcium homeostasis and mitochondria. Life Sci 2022; 305:120786. [PMID: 35809664 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Urinary glycoproteins such as Tamm Horsfall Protein (THP) and Osteopontin (OPN) are well established key regulators of renal stone formation. Additionally, recent revelations have highlighted the influence of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and mitochondria of crucial importance in nephrolithiasis. However, till date conclusive approach highlighting the influence of ER stress on urinary glycoproteins and chaperone in nephrolithiasis remains elusive. Therefore, the present study was focussed on deciphering the possible effect of 4-PBA mitigating ER stress on urinary glycoproteins and calnexin (chaperone) with emphasis on interlinking calcium homeostasis in hyperoxaluric rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Post 9 days of treatment, animals were sacrificed, and renal tissues were investigated for urinary glycoproteins, calnexin, calcium homeostasis, ER environment, redox status, and mitochondrial linkage. KEY FINDINGS 4-PBA appreciably reversed the altered levels of THP, OPN, and calnexin observed along with curtailing the disrupted calcium homeostasis when assessed for SERCA activity and intra-cellular calcium levels. Additionally, significant improvement in the perturbed ER environment as verified by escalated ER stress markers, disturbed protein folding-aggregation-degradation (congo red assay) pathway, and redox status was found post 4-PBA intervention. Interestingly, linkage of ER stress and mitochondria was established under hyperoxaluric conditions when assessed for protein levels of VDAC1 and GRP75. SIGNIFICANCE 4-PBA treatment resulted in rectifying the repercussions of ER-mitochondrial caused distress when assessed for protein folding/aggregation/degradation events along with disturbed calcium homeostasis. The present study advocates the necessity to adopt a holistic vision towards hyperoxaluria with emphasis on glycoproteins and ER environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Bhardwaj
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankita Bhardwaj
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Tanzeer Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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6
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Xie H, Shi Y, Zhou Y, Liu H. TMBIM6 promotes diabetic tubular epithelial cell survival and albumin endocytosis by inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor, IRE1α. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9181-9194. [PMID: 35857174 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07744-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Reduced albumin reabsorption in proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs), resulting from decreased megalin plasma membrane (PM) localization due to prolonged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, potentially contributes to albuminuria in early diabetic kidney disease (DKD). To examine this possibility, we investigated the cytoprotective effect of TMBIM6 in promoting diabetic PTEC survival and albumin endocytosis by attenuating ER stress with an IRE1α inhibitor, KIRA6. METHODS AND RESULTS Renal TMBIM6 distribution and expression were determined by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and qPCR, whereas tubular injury was evaluated in db/db mice. High-glucose (HG)-treated HK-2 cells were either treated with KIRA6 or transduced with a lentiviral vector for TMBIM6 overexpression. ER stress was measured by western blotting and ER-Tracker Red staining, whereas apoptosis was determined by performing TUNEL assays. Megalin expression was measured by immunofluorescence, and albumin endocytosis was evaluated after incubating cells with FITC-labeled albumin. Tubular injury and TMBIM6 downregulation occurred in db/db mouse renal cortical tissues. Both KIRA6 treatment and TMBIM6 overexpression inhibited ER stress by decreasing the levels of phosphorylated IRE1α, XBP1s, GRP78, and CHOP, and stabilizing ER expansion in HG-treated HK-2 cells. TUNEL assays performed with KIRA6-treated or TMBIM6-overexpressing cells showed a significant decrease in apoptosis, consistent with the significant downregulation of BAX and upregulation of BCL-2, as measured by immunoblotting. Both KIRA6 and TMBIM6 overexpression promoted megalin PM localization and restored albumin endocytosis in HG-treated HK-2 cells. CONCLUSION TMBIM6 promoted diabetic PTEC survival and albumin endocytosis by negatively regulating the IRE1α branch of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidi Xie
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology (A), Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology (A), Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology (A), Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology (A), Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Renal Research Institute of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 5, Haiyuncang Alley, Dongcheng District, 100700, Beijing, China.
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7
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Li S, Kong J, Yu L, Liu Q. Abnormally decreased renal Klotho is linked to endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation in mice. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:321-330. [PMID: 35165517 PMCID: PMC8795804 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.68137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), which involves degradation of improperly folded proteins retained in the ER, is implicated in various diseases including chronic kidney disease. This study is aimed to determine the role of ERAD in Klotho deficiency of mice and human kidney tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) with renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). Methods: Following establishment of a mouse RIF model by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), a specific ERAD inhibitor, Eeyarestatin I (EerI), was administered to experimental animals by intraperitoneal injection. Serum and kidney samples were collected for analysis 10 days after operation. Soluble Klotho levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while the degree of kidney injury was assessed by renal histopathology. Renal Klotho expression was determined by quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemical and western blotting analyses. ERAD and unfolded protein response (UPR) were evaluated by detecting associated components such as Derlin-1, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). HK-2 cells were exposed to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 with or without EerI, and expressions of related proteins including Klotho, Derlin-1, GRP78, ATF4 and PDI were determined by western blotting analyses. Results: UUO induced severe kidney injuries and RIF. Klotho expression in both serum and kidney tissue was obviously downregulated, while Derlin-1 was notably upregulated, indicating that ERAD was activated to potentially degrade improperly folded Klotho protein in this model. Intriguingly, treatment with EerI led to significantly increased Klotho expression, especially soluble (functional) Klotho. Furthermore, specific inhibition of ERAD increased expression of GRP78, ATF4 and PDI compared with the UUO group. The consistent results in vitro were also obtained in TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells exposed to EerI. These observations suggest that UPR was remarkably enhanced in the presence of ERAD inhibition and compensated for excess improperly folded proteins, subsequently contributing to the additional production of mature Klotho protein. Conclusion: ERAD is involved in Klotho deficiency in RIF and its specific inhibition significantly promoted Klotho expression, possibly through enhanced UPR. This may represent a novel regulatory mechanism and new therapeutic target for reversing Klotho deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShaSha Li
- Clinical Research & Lab Centre, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215300, China
| | - JiaWei Kong
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215300, China
| | - LiXia Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215300, China
| | - QiFeng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215300, China
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8
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Carlisle RE, Farooqi S, Zhang MC, Liu S, Lu C, Phan A, Brimble E, Dickhout JG. Inhibition of histone deacetylation with vorinostat does not prevent tunicamycin-mediated acute kidney injury. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260519. [PMID: 34847196 PMCID: PMC8631648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by various mechanisms, including antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cisplatin, and radiocontrast. Tunicamycin (TM) is a nucleoside antibiotic that induces ER stress and is a commonly used model of AKI. 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) is a chemical chaperone and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and has been shown to protect the kidney from ER stress, apoptosis, and structural damage in a tunicamycin model of AKI. The renal protection provided by 4-PBA is attributed to its ability to prevent misfolded protein aggregation and inhibit ER stress; however, the HDAC inhibitor effects of 4-PBA have not been examined in the TM-induced model of AKI. As such, the main objective of this study was to determine if histone hyperacetylation provides any protective effects against TM-mediated AKI. The FDA-approved HDAC inhibitor vorinostat was used, as it has no ER stress inhibitory effects and therefore the histone hyperacetylation properties alone could be investigated. In vitro work demonstrated that vorinostat inhibited histone deacetylation in cultured proximal tubular cells but did not prevent ER stress or protein aggregation induced by TM. Vorinostat induced a significant increase in cell death, and exacerbated TM-mediated total cell death and apoptotic cell death. Wild type male mice were treated with TM (0.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection), with or without vorinostat (50 mg/kg/day) or 4-PBA (1 g/kg/day). Mice treated with 4-PBA or vorinostat exhibited similar levels of histone hyperacetylation. Expression of the pro-apoptotic protein CHOP was induced with TM, and not inhibited by vorinostat. Further, vorinostat did not prevent any renal damage or decline in renal function caused by tunicamycin. These data suggest that the protective mechanisms found by 4-PBA are primarily due to its molecular chaperone properties, and the HDAC inhibitors used did not provide any protection against renal injury caused by ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Carlisle
- McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salwa Farooqi
- McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming Chan Zhang
- McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Liu
- McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chao Lu
- McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andy Phan
- McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elise Brimble
- McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey G. Dickhout
- McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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9
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Carlisle RE, Mohammed-Ali Z, Lu C, Yousof T, Tat V, Nademi S, MacDonald ME, Austin RC, Dickhout JG. TDAG51 induces renal interstitial fibrosis through modulation of TGF-β receptor 1 in chronic kidney disease. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:921. [PMID: 34625532 PMCID: PMC8501078 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the gradual loss of renal function and is a major public health concern. Risk factors for CKD include hypertension and proteinuria, both of which are associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress-induced TDAG51 protein expression is increased at an early time point in mice with CKD. Based on these findings, wild-type and TDAG51 knock-out (TDKO) mice were used in an angiotensin II/deoxycorticosterone acetate/salt model of CKD. Both wild-type and TDKO mice developed hypertension, increased proteinuria and albuminuria, glomerular injury, and tubular damage. However, TDKO mice were protected from apoptosis and renal interstitial fibrosis. Human proximal tubular cells were used to demonstrate that TDAG51 expression induces apoptosis through a CHOP-dependent mechanism. Further, a mouse model of intrinsic acute kidney injury demonstrated that CHOP is required for ER stress-mediated apoptosis. Renal fibroblasts were used to demonstrate that TGF-β induces collagen production through an IRE1-dependent mechanism; cells treated with a TGF-β receptor 1 inhibitor prevented XBP1 splicing, a downstream consequence of IRE1 activation. Interestingly, TDKO mice express significantly less TGF-β receptor 1, thus, preventing TGF-β-mediated XBP1 splicing. In conclusion, TDAG51 induces apoptosis in the kidney through a CHOP-dependent mechanism, while contributing to renal interstitial fibrosis through a TGF-β-IRE1-XBP1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Carlisle
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Zahraa Mohammed-Ali
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Chao Lu
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Tamana Yousof
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Victor Tat
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Samera Nademi
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Melissa E MacDonald
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jeffrey G Dickhout
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada.
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10
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Impact of high salt diets on CHOP-mediated apoptosis and renal fibrosis in a rat model. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6423-6433. [PMID: 34436723 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06644-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged and excessive salt intake accelerates oxidative stress in kidney tissues, which brings about ER stress. The PERK/ATF4/CHOP/BCL-2 signaling pathway has an essential role in ER stress-induced apoptosis. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of high salt diets on the development of renal fibrosis through CHOP-mediated apoptosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 5 each). Groups 1-5 were treated with 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.5% of NaCl dissolved in distilled water, respectively, for 8 weeks. To detect the degree of renal tubular damage, urinary KIM-1 was measured. The slides of renal tissues were stained via Masson's Trichrome staining methods for fibrosis detection. The relative gene expression of ATF4, CHOP, and BCl-2 in renal tissues were analyzed using the qRT-PCR method. The results revealed no significant difference between the urea, creatinine, and urine flow rate of the rats receiving different concentrations of NaCl (groups 2-5) and those of the control group (group 1). The rats treated with 1.5% NaCl (group 5) showed significant elevations in urinary KIM-1 and the mRNA level of CHOP compared to the control group. Mild renal fibrosis was also observed in group 5. CONCLUSIONS Excessive salt intake leads to fibrosis as it induces the PERK/ATF4/CHOP/BCL-2 signaling pathway in renal tissues. KIM-1 is detectable in urine before the impairment of renal function which can be used as a diagnostic marker to prevent the development of progressive renal failure.
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11
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Duan YC, Shi L, Jin Z, Hu M, Huang H, Yan T, Zhang KR. Swimming Exercise Ameliorates Hypertension-Induced Kidney Dysfunction via Alleviating Renal Interstitial Fibrosis and Apoptosis. Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 46:219-228. [PMID: 33849006 DOI: 10.1159/000514680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive nephropathy is one of the major causes of ESRD. Exercise has been considered a nonpathological therapy for hypertension and its complications, yet mechanisms remain unclear. We sought to investigate whether periodic swimming could ameliorate hypertension-induced kidney dysfunction and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Four-week male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were randomly divided into the hypertension group (SHR, n = 8) and exercise group (SE, n = 8, 60 min swimming/day, 6 days per week, for 8 weeks). Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY, n = 8) were served as a sedentary normotensive group. Bodyweight and blood pressure (BP) were recorded weekly. After 8-week sedentary or swimming exercise, lipids profile, BUN, and Cr were measured. The renal interstitial fibrosis was examined by the histopathological analysis using Masson's trichrome staining and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The kidney cell apoptosis was tested by TUNEL staining. The expressions of critical proteins responsible for the TGF-β1/Smad signaling of fibrosis, that is, TGF-β1, Smad2/3, and Smad7, as well as apoptosis related proteins, Bax and Bcl-2 in kidney cortex tissues were measured. RESULTS The 8-week swimming exercise reduced BP and bodyweight, lowered concentrations of BUN, and serum Cr, compared with SHR. Exercise remarkably inhibited hypertension-induced tubular degeneration, cellular cluster, and tubular cell swelling as well as glomerular degeneration in the kidney cortical tissues, attenuated renal interstitial fibrosis, and renal cell apoptosis. Moreover, expressions of TGF-β1, Smad2/3, and Bax were higher in the SHR than the WKY, which were significantly suppressed by the exercise. In contrast, hypertension-reduced expressions of Smad7 and Bcl-2 were enhanced by the swimming exercise. Strong correlations were found between kidney function indices, blood lipids, and key protein expressions. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate beneficial effects of the periodic swimming on ameliorating hypertension-induced kidney dysfunction highlighting the potential of swimming exercise as a nonpathological therapy for early prevention of hypertension-caused kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chang Duan
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Shi
- School of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zheng Jin
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Hu
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Huang
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Yan
- School of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun-Ru Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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12
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Abstract
Cells respond to stress by activating a variety of defense signaling pathways, including cell survival and cell death pathways. Although cell survival signaling helps the cell to recover from acute insults, cell death or senescence pathways induced by chronic insults can lead to unresolved pathologies. Arterial hypertension results from chronic physiological maladaptation against various stressors represented by abnormal circulating or local neurohormonal factors, mechanical stress, intracellular accumulation of toxic molecules, and dysfunctional organelles. Hypertension and aging share common mechanisms that mediate or prolong chronic cell stress, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress and accumulation of protein aggregates, oxidative stress, metabolic mitochondrial stress, DNA damage, stress-induced senescence, and proinflammatory processes. This review discusses common adaptive signaling mechanisms against these stresses including unfolded protein responses, antioxidant response element signaling, autophagy, mitophagy, and mitochondrial fission/fusion, STING (signaling effector stimulator of interferon genes)-mediated responses, and activation of pattern recognition receptors. The main molecular mechanisms by which the vasculature copes with hypertensive and aging stressors are presented and recent advancements in stress-adaptive signaling mechanisms as well as potential therapeutic targets are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Cicalese
- These authors contributed equally and are considered co-first authors
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Josiane Fernandes da Silva
- These authors contributed equally and are considered co-first authors
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Priviero
- These authors contributed equally and are considered co-first authors
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - R. Clinton Webb
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rita C. Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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13
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Choi Y, Lee EG, Jeong JH, Yoo WH. 4-Phenylbutyric acid, a potent endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor, attenuates the severity of collagen-induced arthritis in mice via inhibition of proliferation and inflammatory responses of synovial fibroblasts. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:604-615. [PMID: 33759334 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) exerts potent pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory properties, via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, it is not known whether 4-PBA attenuates the severity of rheumatoid arthritis. The present study aimed to determine whether the inhibition of ER stress by 4-PBA ameliorated experimentally induced arthritis. The proliferation of synovial fibroblasts (SFs) and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were evaluated in the presence of interleukin (IL)-1β with or without 4-PBA. The effect of 4-PBA on the phosphorylation of Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the activation of Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in IL-1β-stimulated SFs was assessed. In an in vivo study, the effects of 4-PBA were investigated using DBA/1 mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Clinical, histological, and serological assessments of CIA treated with 4-PBA were performed to determine the therapeutic effect of 4-PBA. In vitro, 4-PBA inhibited the proliferation and expression of IL-1β-stimulated SFs and MMP-1 and MMP-3 through the suppression of both the phosphorylation of MAPKs and NF-κB in IL-1β-stimulated SFs. The 4-PBA treatment markedly attenuated the severity of arthritis in CIA mice. The 4-PBA treatment ameliorated joint swelling and the degree of bone erosion and destruction and decreased the level of inflammatory cytokines and MMP-3 and Cox-2. Furthermore, remarkable improvements in histopathological findings occurred in 4-PBA-treated mice. These findings suggested that 4-PBA could attenuate the severity of arthritis in CIA mice by partially blocking the phosphorylation of MAPKs and the activation of NF-κB in SFs. Thus, through the inhibition of ER stress, 4-PBA may be a potent agent for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjung Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Gyeong Lee
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Jeong
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Hee Yoo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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14
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Choi Y, Jung JH, Lee EG, Kim KM, Yoo WH. 4-phenylbutyric acid mediates therapeutic effect in systemic lupus erythematosus: Observations in an experimental murine lupus model. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:460. [PMID: 33747192 PMCID: PMC7967889 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) contributes to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our previous study demonstrated aberrant responses of T lymphocytes to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in patients with SLE. The present study investigated whether ER stress inhibition by 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) ameliorated lupus manifestations in an experimental lupus model and the effect of ER stress inhibition on the frequency and function of Tregs. A murine lupus model was induced through a 4-week treatment with Resiquimod, a toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 agonist. From the 8th week, the mice were treated with 4-PBA for 4 weeks. 4-PBA significantly decreased the levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies and serum TNF-α. A significant decrease in glomerulonephritis score was also observed in the 4-PBA-treated group. ER stress inhibition decreased the activated T and B lymphocytes population of splenocytes; however, the population of Tregs was not significantly different between the vehicle and 4-PBA group. However, a markedly enhanced suppressive capacity of Treg was detected in the 4-PBA-treated group. The present results suggest that ER stress inhibition attenuated disease activity in an experimental model by improving the suppressive capacity of Tregs. Therefore, reduction of ER stress could be used as a beneficial therapeutic strategy in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjung Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54907, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Jung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54907, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Gyeong Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54907, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54907, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Jeonjuk National Medical School, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Hee Yoo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54907, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54907, Republic of Korea
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15
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Delgado-Valero B, de la Fuente-Chávez L, Romero-Miranda A, Visitación Bartolomé M, Ramchandani B, Islas F, Luaces M, Cachofeiro V, Martínez-Martínez E. Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in renal damage after myocardial infarction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:143-159. [PMID: 33355632 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with renal alterations resulting in poor outcomes in patients with MI. Renal fibrosis is a potent predictor of progression in patients and is often accompanied by inflammation and oxidative stress; however, the mechanisms involved in these alterations are not well established. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a central role in protein processing and folding. An accumulation of unfolded proteins leads to ER dysfunction, termed ER stress. Since the kidney is the organ with highest protein synthesis fractional rate, we herein investigated the effects of MI on ER stress at renal level, as well as the possible role of ER stress on renal alterations after MI. Patients and MI male Wistar rats showed an increase in the kidney injury marker neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) at circulating level or renal level respectively. Four weeks post-MI rats presented renal fibrosis, oxidative stress and inflammation accompanied by ER stress activation characterized by enhanced immunoglobin binding protein (BiP), protein disulfide-isomerase A6 (PDIA6) and activating transcription factor 6-alpha (ATF6α) protein levels. In renal fibroblasts, palmitic acid (PA; 50-200 µM) and angiotensin II (Ang II; 10-8 to 10-6M) promoted extracellular matrix, superoxide anion production and inflammatory markers up-regulation. The presence of the ER stress inhibitor, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA; 4 µM), was able to prevent all of these modifications in renal cells. Therefore, the data show that ER stress mediates the deleterious effects of PA and Ang II in renal cells and support the potential role of ER stress on renal alterations associated with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Delgado-Valero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía de la Fuente-Chávez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Romero-Miranda
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Visitación Bartolomé
- Departmento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y Otorrinolaringología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bunty Ramchandani
- Servicio de Cirugía Cardiaca Infantil, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabián Islas
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luaces
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Cachofeiro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Ricciardi CA, Gnudi L. The endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response in kidney disease: Implications for vascular growth factors. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12910-12919. [PMID: 33067928 PMCID: PMC7701511 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) represent an important challenge for healthcare providers. The identification of new biomarkers/pharmacological targets for kidney disease is required for the development of more effective therapies. Several studies have shown the importance of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pathophysiology of AKI and CKD. ER is a cellular organelle devolved to protein biosynthesis and maturation, and cellular detoxification processes which are activated in response to an insult. This review aimed to dissect the cellular response to ER stress which manifests with activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) with its major branches, namely PERK, IRE1α, ATF6 and the interplay between ER and mitochondria in the pathophysiology of kidney disease. Further, we will discuss the relationship between mediators of renal injury (with specific focus on vascular growth factors) and ER stress and UPR in the pathophysiology of both AKI and CKD with the aim to propose potential new targets for treatment for kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Alberto Ricciardi
- King's College of London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Section Vascular Biology and Inflammation, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Luigi Gnudi
- King's College of London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Section Vascular Biology and Inflammation, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, London, UK
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17
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Ginsenoside Rg1 protects against aging-induced renal interstitial fibrosis due to inhibition of tubular epithelial cells endoplasmic reticulum stress in SAMP8 mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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18
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Niida Y, Masuda M, Adachi Y, Yoshizawa A, Ohminami H, Mori Y, Ohnishi K, Yamanaka-Okumura H, Uchida T, Nikawa T, Yamamoto H, Miyazaki M, Taketani Y. Reduction of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) contributes muscle atrophy through the excess endoplasmic reticulum stress in chronic kidney disease. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 67:179-187. [PMID: 33041516 PMCID: PMC7533850 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is associated with mortality and poor prognosis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, underlying mechanism by which CKD causes muscle atrophy has not been completely understood. The quality of lipids (lipoquality), which is defined as the functional features of diverse lipid species, has recently been recognized as the pathology of various diseases. In this study, we investigated the roles of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), which catalyzes the conversion of saturated fatty acids into monounsaturated fatty acids, in skeletal muscle on muscle atrophy in CKD model animals. In comparison to control rats, CKD rats decreased the SCD activity and its gene expression in atrophic gastrocnemius muscle. Next, oleic acid blocked the reduction of the thickness of C2C12 myotubes and the increase of the endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by SCD inhibitor. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor ameliorated CKD-induced muscle atrophy (the weakness of grip strength and the decrease of muscle fiber size of gastrocnemius muscle) in mice and the reduction of the thickness of C2C12 myotubes by SCD inhibitor. These results suggest that the repression of SCD activity causes muscle atrophy through excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Niida
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masashi Masuda
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Adachi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Aika Yoshizawa
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ohminami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuki Mori
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kohta Ohnishi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hisami Yamanaka-Okumura
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uchida
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nikawa
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hironori Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.,Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jin-ai University, 3-1-1 Ohde-cho, Fukui 915-8586, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Makoto Miyazaki
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Yutaka Taketani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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19
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Peng CC, Chen CR, Chen CY, Lin YC, Chen KC, Peng RY. Nifedipine Upregulates ATF6-α, Caspases -12, -3, and -7 Implicating Lipotoxicity-Associated Renal ER Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093147. [PMID: 32365658 PMCID: PMC7246953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nifedipine (NF) is reported to have many beneficial effects in antihypertensive therapy. Recently, we found that NF induced lipid accumulation in renal tubular cells. Palmitic acid-induced renal lipotoxicity was found to be partially mediated by endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress, while it can also be elicited by NF in kidney cells; we examined the induction of suspected pathways in both in vitro and in vivo models. NRK52E cells cultured in high-glucose medium were treated with NF (30 µM) for 24–48 h. ER stress-induced lipotoxicity was explored by staining with thioflavin T and Nile red, transmission electron microscopy, terminal uridine nick-end labeling, and Western blotting. ER stress was also investigated in rats with induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) fed NF for four weeks. NF induced the production of unfolded protein aggregates, resulting in ER stress, as evidenced by the upregulation of glucose-regulated protein, 78 kDa (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α), C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and caspases-12, -3, and -7. In vitro early apoptosis was more predominant than late apoptosis. Most importantly, ATF6α was confirmed to play a unique role in NF-induced ER stress in both models. CKD patients with hypertension should not undergo NF therapy. In cases where it is required, alleviation of ER stress should be considered to avoid further damaging the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Chi Peng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Rong Chen
- International Medical Doctor Program, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Chang-Yu Chen
- Program of Biomedical Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, USA;
| | - Yen-Chung Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, Zhong-He District, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| | - Robert Y. Peng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Care, Hungkuang University, Shalu District, Taichung 43302, Taiwan;
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20
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Liu G, Wu F, Jiang X, Que Y, Qin Z, Hu P, Lee KSS, Yang J, Zeng C, Hammock BD, Tong X. Inactivation of Cys 674 in SERCA2 increases BP by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and soluble epoxide hydrolase. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1793-1805. [PMID: 31758704 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The kidney is essential in regulating sodium homeostasis and BP. The irreversible oxidation of Cys674 (C674) in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) is increased in the renal cortex of hypertensive mice. Whether inactivation of C674 promotes hypertension is unclear. Here we have investigated the effects on BP of the inactivation of C674, and its role in the kidney. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used heterozygous SERCA2 C674S knock-in (SKI) mice, where half of C674 was substituted by serine, to represent partial irreversible oxidation of C674. The BP, urine volume, and urine composition of SKI mice and their littermate wild-type (WT) mice were measured. The kidneys were collected for cell culture, Na+ /K+ -ATPase activity, protein expression, and immunohistological analysis. KEY RESULTS Compared with WT mice, SKI mice had higher BP, lower urine volume and sodium excretion, up-regulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), and down-regulated dopamine D1 receptors in renal cortex and cells from renal proximal tubule. ER stress and sEH were mutually regulated, and both upstream of D1 receptors. Inhibition of ER stress or sEH up-regulated expression of D1 receptors, decreased the activity of Na+ /K+ -ATPase, increased sodium excretion, and lowered BP in SKI mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The inactivation of SERCA2 C674 promotes the development of hypertension by inducing ER stress and sEH. Our study highlights the importance of C674 redox status in BP control and the contribution of SERCA2 to sodium homeostasis and BP in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuhua Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yumei Que
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhexue Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pingping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Entomology & UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, California.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology & UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Xiaoyong Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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21
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Mehta N, Gava AL, Zhang D, Gao B, Krepinsky JC. Follistatin Protects Against Glomerular Mesangial Cell Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress to Ameliorate Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:551-571. [PMID: 31184201 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Interventions to inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis, important pathogenic contributors toward the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), are not well established. Here, we investigated the role of a transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily neutralizing protein, follistatin (FST), in the regulation of apoptosis and oxidative stress in glomerular mesangial cells (MCs) and in the progression of CKD. Results: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer thapsigargin (Tg), known to cause MC apoptosis, led to a post-translational increase in the expression of FST. Recombinant FST protected, whereas FST downregulation augmented, Tg-induced apoptosis without affecting Ca2+ release or ER stress induction. Although activins are the primary ligands neutralized by FST, their inhibition with neutralizing antibodies did not affect Tg-induced apoptosis. Instead, FST protected against Tg-induced apoptosis through neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) independently of its ability to neutralize activins. Importantly, administration of FST to mice with CKD protected against renal cell apoptosis and oxidative stress. This was associated with improved kidney function, reduced albuminuria, and attenuation of fibrosis. Innovation and Conclusion: Independent of its activin neutralizing ability, FST protected against Tg-induced apoptosis through neutralization of ROS and consequent suppression of oxidative stress, seen both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, FST also ameliorated fibrosis and improved kidney function in CKD. FST is, thus, a novel potential therapeutic agent for delaying the progression of CKD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 31, 551-571.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Mehta
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Agata L Gava
- 2Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Dan Zhang
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Bo Gao
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Joan C Krepinsky
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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22
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Murphy-Ullrich JE. Thrombospondin 1 and Its Diverse Roles as a Regulator of Extracellular Matrix in Fibrotic Disease. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:683-699. [PMID: 31116066 PMCID: PMC6713974 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419851103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) is a matricellular extracellular matrix protein that has diverse roles in regulating cellular processes important for the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases. We will present evidence for the importance of TSP1 control of latent transforming growth factor beta activation in renal fibrosis with an emphasis on diabetic nephropathy. Other functions of TSP1 that affect renal fibrosis, including regulation of inflammation and capillary density, will be addressed. Emerging roles for TSP1 N-terminal domain regulation of collagen matrix assembly, direct effects of TSP1-collagen binding, and intracellular functions of TSP1 in mediating endoplasmic reticulum stress responses in extracellular matrix remodeling and fibrosis, which could potentially affect renal fibrogenesis, will also be discussed. Finally, we will address possible strategies for targeting TSP1 functions to treat fibrotic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Murphy-Ullrich
- Departments of Pathology, Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, and Ophthalmology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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23
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Chen YY, Peng XF, Liu GY, Liu JS, Sun L, Liu H, Xiao L, He LY. Protein arginine methyltranferase-1 induces ER stress and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal tubular epithelial cells and contributes to diabetic nephropathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2563-2575. [PMID: 31199999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we examined the association of PRMT1 with ER stress and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), two critical pathogenic mechanisms leading to DN development, in proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). METHODS The level of PRMT1 was compared between the serum from DN patients and healthy individuals by ELISA, and between renal tissues of DN mice and normal mice using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Using high-glucose-treated PTEC cell line, HK2 cells as the model system, the significance of PRMT1 in ER stress and EMT was assessed by shRNA targeting PRMT1 (sh-PRMT1) and/or by overexpressing PRMT1. Mechanistic studies focused on three major pathways controlling ER stress: protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol requiring-1α (IRE1α), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). RESULTS PRMT1 was up-regulated in the serum of DN patients and renal tissues of DN mice. High glucose administration induced elevation of PRMT1 expression in HK2 cells in vitro, accompanied with ER stress and EMT activation. PRMT1 knockdown attenuated high glucose-induced ER stress and apoptosis by inactivating PERK and ATF6, but not IRE1α. PRMT1 activated ATF6 by recruiting H4R3me2as to the promoter. Furthermore, PRMT1-induced ER stress was concomitant with the activation of an EMT-like state. Specifically, inhibition of ATF6, but not PERK blocked PRMT1-induced EMT in high-glucose-treatment HK2 cells. CONCLUSIONS By activating ER stress, PRMT1 essentially regulates the apoptosis and EMT of PTECs in response to diabetic milieu. Thus, targeting PRMT1 may alleviate both tissue injury and renal fibrosis, and thus benefit the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fei Peng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Guo-Yong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changde Vocational Technical College, Changde 415000, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Li-Yu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China.
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Naiel S, Carlisle RE, Lu C, Tat V, Dickhout JG. Endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibition blunts the development of essential hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1214-H1223. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00523.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Essential hypertension is the leading cause of premature death worldwide. However, hypertension’s cause remains uncertain. endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has recently been associated with hypertension, but it is unclear whether ER stress causes hypertension. To clarify this question, we examined if ER stress occurs in blood vessels before the development of hypertension and if ER stress inhibition would prevent hypertension development. We used the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) as a model of human essential hypertension and the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat as its normotensive control. Resistance arteries collected from young rats determined that ER stress was present in SHR vessels before the onset of hypertension. To assess the effect of ER stress inhibition on hypertension development, another subset of rats were treated with 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA; 1 g·kg−1·day−1) for 8 wk from 5 wk of age. Blood pressure was measured via radiotelemetry and compared with untreated SHR and WKY rats. Mesenteric resistance arteries were collected and assessed for structural and functional changes associated with hypertension. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower in the 4-PBA-treated SHR groups than in untreated SHRs. Additionally, 4-PBA significantly decreased the media-to-lumen ratio and ER stress marker expression, improved vasodilatory response, and reduced contractile responses in resistance arteries from SHRs. Overall, ER stress inhibition blunted the development of hypertension in the SHR. These data add evidence to the hypothesis that a component of hypertension in the SHR is caused by ER stress. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, 4-phenylbutyric acid’s (4-PBA’s) molecular chaperone capability was used to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the small arteries of young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and reduce their hypertension. These effects are likely mediated through 4-PBA's effects to reduce resistant artery contractility and increase nitric oxide-mediated endothelial vasodilation through a process preventing endothelial dysfunction. Overall, ER stress inhibition blunted the development of hypertension in this young SHR model. This suggests that a component of the increase in blood pressure found in SHRs is due to ER stress. However, it is important to note that inhibition of ER stress was not able to fully restore the blood pressure to normal, suggesting that a component of hypertension may not be due to ER stress. This study points to the inhibition of ER stress as an important new physiological pathway to lower blood pressure, where other known approaches may not achieve blood pressure-lowering targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa Naiel
- Department of Medicine, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel E. Carlisle
- Department of Medicine, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Medicine, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victor Tat
- Department of Medicine, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey G. Dickhout
- Department of Medicine, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate treatment protects against renal injury in NZBWF1 mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:167-180. [PMID: 30617186 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease predominantly affecting women and often leading to lupus nephritis and kidney damage. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in several forms of kidney disease, but whether ER stress contributes to renal injury in SLE is unknown. To investigate this, a small molecule chaperone, sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), was administered to the New Zealand Black x New Zealand White F1 hybrid (NZBWF1) mouse model of SLE. In a prevention study, treatment with 4-PBA from 20 weeks of age (prior to the development of renal injury) delayed the onset of albuminuria and significantly reduced additional indices of renal injury compared with vehicle-treated NZBWF1 mice at 36 weeks of age, including collagen deposition, tubular casts, renal cell apoptosis, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration. To test whether ER stress contributes to the progression of renal injury once albuminuria has developed, mice were monitored for the onset of albuminuria (3+ or ≥300 mg/dl by dipstick measurement of 24-h urine sample) and once established, were either killed (onset group), or underwent 4-PBA or vehicle treatment for 4 weeks. Treatment with 4-PBA blocked the worsening of glomerular injury, reduced the number of dilated or cast-filled tubules, and reduced the number of apoptotic cells compared with vehicle-treated mice. BUN and left ventricle to bodyweight ratio (LV:BW) were also reduced by 4-PBA treatment. Renal expression of the endogenous chaperones, protein disulphide isomerase (PDI), and 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78, also known as binding Ig protein (BiP)), were increased in 4-PBA-treated mice. Together, these results suggest a therapeutic potential for agents like 4-PBA in combating renal injury in SLE.
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26
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Pandey VK, Mathur A, Kakkar P. Emerging role of Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) mediated proteotoxic apoptosis in diabetes. Life Sci 2018; 216:246-258. [PMID: 30471281 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a crucial single membrane organelle that acts as a quality control system for cellular proteins as it is intricately involved in their synthesis, folding and trafficking to the respective targets. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by enhanced blood glucose level that promotes insulin resistance and hampers cellular glucose metabolism. Hyperglycemia provokes mitochondrial ROS production and glycation of proteins which exert a tremendous load on ER for conventional refolding of misfolded/unfolded and nascent proteins that perturb ER homeostasis resulting in apoptotic cell death. Impairment in ER functions is suspected to be through specific ER membrane-bound proteins known as Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) sensor proteins. Conformational changes in these proteins induce oligomerization and cross-autophosphorylation which facilitate processes required for the restoration of ER homeostatic imbalance. Multiple studies have reported the involvement of UPR mediated autophagy and apoptotic pathways in the progression of metabolic disorders including diabetes, cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury and hypoxia-mediated cell death. In this review, the involvement of UPR pathways in the progression of diabetes associated complications have been addressed, which underscores molecular crosstalks during neuropathy, nephropathy, hepatic injury and retinopathy. A better understanding of these molecular interventions may reveal advanced therapeutic approaches for preventing diabetic comorbidities. The article also highlights the importance of phytochemicals that are emerging as novel ER stress inhibitors and are being explored for targeted interaction in preventing cell death responses during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Pandey
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan 31, M.G Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alpana Mathur
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan 31, M.G Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Kakkar
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan 31, M.G Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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27
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent ROS production mediates synovial myofibroblastic differentiation in the immobilization-induced rat knee joint contracture model. Exp Cell Res 2018; 369:325-334. [PMID: 29856991 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Joint contracture is a common complication for people with joint immobility that involves fibrosis structural alteration in the joint capsule. Considering that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a prominent role in the promotion of tissue fibrosis, we investigated whether the unfolded protein response (UPR) contributes to the fibrotic development in immobilization-induced knee joint contractures. Using a non-traumatic rat knee joint contracture model, twelve female Sprague-Dawley rats received knee joint immobilization for a period of 8 weeks. We found that fibrosis protein markers (type I collagen, α-SMA) and UPR (GRP78, ATF6α, XBP1s) markers were parallelly upregulated in rat primary cultured synovial myofibroblasts. In the same cell types, pre-treatment with an ER stress inhibitor, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), not only abrogated cytokine TGFβ1 stimulation but also reduced the protein level of UPR. Additionally, high reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was detected in synovial myofibroblasts through flow cytometry, as expected. Notably, TGFβ1-induced UPR was significantly reduced through the inhibition of ROS with antioxidants. These data suggest that ER stress act as a pro-fibrotic stimulus through the overexpression of ROS in synovial fibroblasts. Interestingly, immunohistochemical results showed an increase in the UPR protein levels both in human acquired joint contractures capsule tissue and in animal knee joint contracture tissue. Together, our findings suggest that ER stress contributes to synovial myofibroblastic differentiation in joint capsule fibrosis and may also serve as a potential therapeutic target in joint contractures.
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28
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Chromatin dynamics at the core of kidney fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:194-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Camargo LL, Harvey AP, Rios FJ, Tsiropoulou S, Da Silva RDNO, Cao Z, Graham D, McMaster C, Burchmore RJ, Hartley RC, Bulleid N, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Vascular Nox (NADPH Oxidase) Compartmentalization, Protein Hyperoxidation, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in Hypertension. Hypertension 2018; 72:235-246. [PMID: 29844144 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.10824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vascular Nox (NADPH oxidase)-derived reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have been implicated in hypertension. However, relationships between these processes are unclear. We hypothesized that Nox isoforms localize in a subcellular compartment-specific manner, contributing to oxidative and ER stress, which influence the oxidative proteome and vascular function in hypertension. Nox compartmentalization (cell fractionation), O2- (lucigenin), H2O2 (amplex red), reversible protein oxidation (sulfenylation), irreversible protein oxidation (protein tyrosine phosphatase, peroxiredoxin oxidation), and ER stress (PERK [protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase], IRE1α [inositol-requiring enzyme 1], and phosphorylation/oxidation) were studied in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). VSMC proliferation was measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and vascular reactivity assessed in stroke-prone SHR arteries by myography. Noxs were downregulated by short interfering RNA and pharmacologically. In SHR, Noxs were localized in specific subcellular regions: Nox1 in plasma membrane and Nox4 in ER. In SHR, oxidative stress was associated with increased protein sulfenylation and hyperoxidation of protein tyrosine phosphatases and peroxiredoxins. Inhibition of Nox1 (NoxA1ds), Nox1/4 (GKT137831), and ER stress (4-phenylbutyric acid/tauroursodeoxycholic acid) normalized SHR vascular reactive oxygen species generation. GKT137831 reduced IRE1α sulfenylation and XBP1 (X-box binding protein 1) splicing in SHR. Increased VSMC proliferation in SHR was normalized by GKT137831, 4-phenylbutyric acid, and STF083010 (IRE1-XBP1 disruptor). Hypercontractility in the stroke-prone SHR was attenuated by 4-phenylbutyric acid. We demonstrate that protein hyperoxidation in hypertension is associated with oxidative and ER stress through upregulation of plasmalemmal-Nox1 and ER-Nox4. The IRE1-XBP1 pathway of the ER stress response is regulated by Nox4/reactive oxygen species and plays a role in the hyperproliferative VSMC phenotype in SHR. Our study highlights the importance of Nox subcellular compartmentalization and interplay between cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species and ER stress response, which contribute to the VSMC oxidative proteome and vascular dysfunction in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia L Camargo
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (L.L.C., A.P.H., F.J.R., S.T., D.G., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Adam P Harvey
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (L.L.C., A.P.H., F.J.R., S.T., D.G., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Francisco J Rios
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (L.L.C., A.P.H., F.J.R., S.T., D.G., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Sofia Tsiropoulou
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (L.L.C., A.P.H., F.J.R., S.T., D.G., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | | | - Zhenbo Cao
- The Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences (Z.C., N.B.)
| | - Delyth Graham
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (L.L.C., A.P.H., F.J.R., S.T., D.G., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Claire McMaster
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry (C.M., R.C.H.), University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Burchmore
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Polyomics Facility (R.J.B.)
| | - Richard C Hartley
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry (C.M., R.C.H.), University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Bulleid
- The Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences (Z.C., N.B.)
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (L.L.C., A.P.H., F.J.R., S.T., D.G., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (L.L.C., A.P.H., F.J.R., S.T., D.G., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
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Kaempferol mitigates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced Cell Death by targeting caspase 3/7. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2189. [PMID: 29391535 PMCID: PMC5794799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) plays a fundamental role in executing multiple cellular processes required for normal cellular function. Accumulation of misfolded/unfolded proteins in the ER triggers ER stress which contributes to progression of multiple diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. Recent reports have shown that ER stress inhibition could provide positive response against neuronal injury, ischemia and obesity in in vivo models. Our search towards finding an ER stress inhibitor has led to the functional discovery of kaempferol, a phytoestrogen possessing ER stress inhibitory activity in cultured mammalian cells. We have shown that kaempferol pre-incubation significantly inhibits the expression of GRP78 (a chaperone) and CHOP (ER stress associated pro-apoptotic transcription factor) under stressed condition. Also, our investigation in the inhibitory specificity of kaempferol has revealed that it inhibits cell death induced by diverse stimuli. Further study on exploring the molecular mechanism implied that kaempferol renders protection by targeting caspases. Both the in silico docking and in vitro assay using recombinant caspase-3 enzyme confirmed the binding of kaempferol to caspases, through an allosteric mode of competitive inhibition. Altogether, we have demonstrated the ability of kaempferol to alleviate ER stress in in vitro model.
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31
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Yang Y, Liu L, Naik I, Braunstein Z, Zhong J, Ren B. Transcription Factor C/EBP Homologous Protein in Health and Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1612. [PMID: 29230213 PMCID: PMC5712004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), known also as DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 and as growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 153 (GADD153), is induced in response to certain stressors. CHOP is universally acknowledged as a main conduit to endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. Ongoing research established the existence of CHOP-mediated apoptosis signaling networks, for which novel downstream targets are still being determined. However, there are studies that contradict this notion and assert that apoptosis is not the only mechanism by which CHOP plays in the development of pathologies. In this review, insights into the roles of CHOP in pathophysiology are summarized at the molecular and cellular levels. We further focus on the newest advances that implicate CHOP in human diseases including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and notably, fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ishan Naik
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zachary Braunstein
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Boxu Ren
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Young CN. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:869-884. [DOI: 10.1113/ep086274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin N. Young
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences; The George Washington University; Washington DC USA
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