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Li K, You G, Jiang K, Wang R, Li W, Meng Y, Fang Y, Chen W, Zhu G, Song J, Wang W, Su H, Hu B, Sun F, Jia Z, Li C, Zhu J. Root extract of Hemsleya amabilis Diels suppresses renal cell carcinoma cell growth through inducing apoptosis and G 2/M phase arrest via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 318:117014. [PMID: 37557938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hemsleya amabilis Diels, belongs to cucurbitaceae, was traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It is widely used to treat various diseases. However, these diseases may contribute to the development of RCC. AIM OF THE STUDY investigated the anticancer activities of root extract of Hemsleya amabilis Diels (HRE), and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried Hemsleya amabilis Diels roots were extracted by ethyl acetate and used to treat RCC4, OS-RC-2 and ACHN cells. UHPLC-MS was used to analyze the chemical composition of the extract. CCK-8 and colony formation assay were used to investigate proliferation. PI staining was used to detect cell cycle. Annexin-V-FITC, AO/EB and TEM were used to evaluate apoptosis. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to evaluate migration and invasion. RNA-seq, Network pharmacology, autodocking for virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation were used to analyze potential molecular mechanisms and active components of HRE inhibiting proliferation of RCC. LY294002 and UC2288 were used to inhibit PI3K and P21 expression, respectively. IGF-1 was used to activate PI3K. Xenograft tumor model was established to evaluate its anti-tumor potential in vivo. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to test protein expression levels. H&E staining was used to explore the side effects of HRE in vivo. Applying bioinformatics to analyze the effect of P21 on RCC. RESULTS HRE consists of 739 compounds. CCK-8 and colony formation assay showed that HRE significantly inhibited RCC cells proliferation. PI staining indicated that HRE caused G2/M phase arrest. Annexin-V-FITC, AO/EB and TEM experiments revealed that HRE significantly promoted apoptosis of RCC cells. Transwell and wound healing assays showed that HRE can inhibit the migration and invasion of RCC cells. RNA-seq showed that HRE induced 230 gene changes. Network pharmacology analysis found the relationship between HRE-component-target-RCC. Auto-docking found that Epitulipinolide diepoxide in HRE can stably bind to PIK3CA (-7.22 kJ/mol), and molecular dynamics simulation verified the combination between Epitulipinolide diepoxide of PIK3CA. In RCC4 cells, pretreatment with IGF-1, attenuated HRE-induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest. When pretreated with PIK3 inhibitor LY294002, the opposite result appears. Pretreatment with CDKN1A (P21) inhibitor UC2288 attenuated HRE-induced G2/M arrest. Xenograft tumor model showed that HRE inhibited tumor growth. Western blot analysis indicated that HRE can regulating Bax, Bcl-2, PARP, cleared-PARP, Caspase-9, Caspase-8, Caspase-3, Survivin, Cyclin-B1, CDK1, N-cadherin, snail, slug, E-cadherin, MMP-9. Immunohistochemical staining showed that in the treated group, expression of E-cadherin, Bax, P21 was up-regulated, while N-cadherin, PI3K, AKT and Bcl-2 were down-regulated. H&E staining showed that compared to control groups, the main organs in the HRE-treated groups showed no histological abnormalities. The overall survival rate of RCC patients in the high-expression group of P21 was higher than in the low-expression group of P21 on bioinformatics analysis. CONCLUSIONS HRE inhibited RCC migration and invasion through EMT, and inhibited proliferation in vivo and in vitro. In addition, HRE inhibited proliferation through promoting apoptosis and P21-induced G2/M phase arrest via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Overall, these results suggest that HRE may be a promising chemotherapy agent for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ganhua You
- The Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Kehua Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China
| | - Rongpin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, China
| | - Wuchao Li
- Department of Radiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, China
| | - Yonglu Meng
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yinyi Fang
- Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China
| | - Weiming Chen
- Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China
| | - Guohua Zhu
- Department of Pedictric, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China
| | - Jukun Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pedictric, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Urology, Kweichow Moutai Hospital, Renhuai, China
| | - Fa Sun
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China.
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- University of California of Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China.
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Alfhili MA, Alyousef AM, Alsughayyir J. Tamoxifen induces eryptosis through calcium accumulation and oxidative stress. Med Oncol 2023; 40:333. [PMID: 37848569 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-related anemia is a major obstacle in anticancer therapy. Tamoxifen (TAM) is an antiestrogen prescribed for breast cancer patients with hemolytic potential and apoptotic properties in nucleated cells. However, the eryptotic activity of TAM has hitherto escaped the efforts of investigators. RBCs from apparently healthy volunteers were treated with 1-50 μM of TAM for 24 h at 37 °C. Hemoglobin leakage and LDH, AST, and AChE activities were photometrically determined while K+, Na+, and Mg2+ were detected by ion-selective electrode. Flow cytometry was used to identify eryptotic cells by annexin-V-FITC, intracellular Ca2+ by Fluo4/AM, sell size and morphology by FSC and SSC signals, respectively, and oxidative stress by H2DCFDA. Whole blood was also exposed to 30 μM of TAM for 24 h at 37 °C to examine the toxicity of TAM to WBCs and platelets. TAM caused Ca2+-independent, dose-responsive hemolysis accompanied by K+, LDH, and AST leakage without improving the mechanical stability of RBCs in hypotonic environments. TAM treatment also increased the proportion of cells positive for annexin-V-FITC, Fluo4, and DCF, along with diminished FSC and SSC signals and AChE activity. Notably, TAM toxicity was aggravated by sucrose but abrogated by vitamin C, PEG 8000, and urea. Moreover, TAM exhibited distinct cytotoxic profiles against leukocytes and platelets. TAM-induced eryptosis is characterized by breakdown of membrane asymmetry, inhibition of AChE activity, Ca2+ accumulation, cell shrinkage, and oxidative stress. Vitamin C, PEG 8000, and urea may hold promise to subvert the undesirable toxic effects of TAM on RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Alfhili
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, 12372, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz M Alyousef
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, 12372, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Alsughayyir
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, 12372, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Gallo-Oller G, de Ståhl TD, Alaiya A, Nilsson S, Holmberg AR, Márquez-Méndez M. Cytotoxicity of poly-guanidine in medulloblastoma cell lines. Invest New Drugs 2023; 41:688-698. [PMID: 37556022 PMCID: PMC10560188 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01386-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common pediatric brain tumor. The therapy frequently causes serious side effects, and new selective therapies are needed. MB expresses hyper sialylation, a possible target for selective therapy. The cytotoxic efficacy of a poly guanidine conjugate (GuaDex) incubated with medulloblastoma cell cultures (DAOY and MB-LU-181) was investigated. The cells were incubated with 0.05-8 µM GuaDex from 15 min to 72 h. A fluorometric cytotoxicity assay (FMCA) measured the cytotoxicity. Labeled GuaDex was used to study tumor cell interaction. FITC-label Sambucus nigra confirmed high expression of sialic acid (Sia). Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to visualize the cell F-actin and microtubules. The cell interactions were studied by confocal and fluorescence microscopy. Annexin-V assay was used to detect apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis was done by DNA content determination. A wound-healing migration assay determined the effects on the migratory ability of DAOY cells after GuaDex treatment. IC50 for GuaDex was 223.4 -281.1 nM. FMCA showed potent growth inhibition on DAOY and MB-LU-181 cells at 5 uM GuaDex after 4 h of incubation. GuaDex treatment induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. S. nigra FITC-label lectin confirmed high expression of Sia on DAOY medulloblastoma cells. The GuaDex treatment polymerized the cytoskeleton (actin filaments and microtubules) and bound to DNA, inducing condensation. The Annexin V assay results were negative. Cell migration was inhibited at 0.5 µM GuaDex concentration after 24 h of incubation. GuaDex showed potent cytotoxicity and invasion-inhibitory effects on medulloblastoma cells at low micromolar concentrations. GuaDex efficacy was significant and warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Gallo-Oller
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ayodele Alaiya
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cell Therapy and Immunobiology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre Oncology Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sten Nilsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders R Holmberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcela Márquez-Méndez
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
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Gao X, Mao C, Zheng T, Xu X, Luo X, Zhang S, Liu J, Wang X, Chen X, Dong L. Schistosoma japonicum-derived peptide SJMHE1 ameliorates allergic symptoms and responses in mice with allergic rhinitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1143950. [PMID: 37346033 PMCID: PMC10279851 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1143950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminth derived excretory/secretory molecules have shown efficacy in the treatment of allergic asthma in mice, but their roles in allergic rhinitis (AR) are little known. In this study, we aimed to determine the intervention effect of SJMHE1, a Schistosoma japonicum derived small molecular peptide, on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR mice and investigate its possible mechanism. AR was induced in BALB/c mice, following which the mice were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), OVA323-339 and SJMHE1 respectively. SJMHE1 treatment improved clinical symptoms (rubbing and sneezing), suppressed infiltrates of inflammatory cells and eosinophils in nasal mucosa, modulated the production of type-2 (IL-4 and IL-13) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in the nasal lavage fluids (NLF), spleen, and serum. To investigate the underlying mechanism, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled SJMHE1 was subcutaneously injected into AR mice, and we found that the FITC-SJMHE1 could accumulate in spleen, but not in nasal mucosa. FITC-SJMHE1 mainly bound to CD19 positive cells (B cells), and the SJMHE1 treatment significantly increased the proportion of regulatory B cells (Bregs) and B10 cells, along with the enhancement of PR domain containing protein 1 (Prdm1) protein levels. SJMHE1 may alleviate AR by upregulating Bregs, and has great potential as a new avenue for the AR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaoming Mao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinkai Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiameng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liyang Dong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Ando T, Uzawa K, Yoshikawa T, Mitsuda S, Akimoto Y, Yorozu T, Ushiyama A. The effect of tetrastarch on the endothelial glycocalyx layer in early hemorrhagic shock using fluorescence intravital microscopy: a mouse model. J Anesth 2023; 37:104-118. [PMID: 36427094 PMCID: PMC9870981 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-022-03138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate vascular endothelial dysfunction based on glycocalyx impairment in massive hemorrhage and to evaluate fluid therapy. METHODS In this randomized controlled animal study, we withdrew 1.5 mL blood and administered 1.5 mL resuscitation fluid. Mice were divided into six groups according to the infusion type and administration timing: NS-NS (normal saline), NS-HES ([hydroxyethyl starch]130), HES-NS, NS-ALB (albumin), ALB-NS, and C (control) groups. RESULTS The glycocalyx index (GCXI) of a 40-μm artery was significantly larger in group C than in other groups (P < 0.01). Similarly, the GCXI for a 60-μm artery was significantly higher in group C than in NS-NS (P ≤ 0.05), NS-HES (P ≤ 0.01), and NS-ALB groups (P ≤ 0.05). The plasma syndecan-1 concentration, at 7.70 ± 5.71 ng/mL, was significantly lower in group C than in group NS-NS (P ≤ 0.01). The tetramethylrhodamine-labeled dextran (TMR-DEX40) fluorescence intensity in ALB-NS and HES-NS groups and the fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES130) fluorescence intensity in NS-HES and HES-NS groups were not significantly different from those of group C at any time point. FITC-HES130 was localized on the inner vessel wall in groups without HES130 infusion but uniformly distributed in HES130-treated groups in intravital microscopy. FITC-FITC-HES130 was localized remarkably in the inner vessel walls in group HES-NS in electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS In an acute massive hemorrhage mouse model, initial fluid resuscitation therapy with saline administration impaired glycocalyx and increased vascular permeability. Prior colloid-fluid administration prevented the progression of glycocalyx damage and improve prognosis. Prior HES130 administration may protect endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadao Ando
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-Shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Kohji Uzawa
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-Shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-Shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Shingo Mitsuda
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-Shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Akimoto
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-Shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yorozu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-Shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Akira Ushiyama
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wakou, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan
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Loor A, Wang D, Bossier P, Nevejan N. β-1,3-Glucan/chitin unmasking in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant, Δmnn9, promotes immune response and resistance of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) to Vibrio coralliilyticus infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 131:470-479. [PMID: 36115606 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Yeast cells can play a crucial role in immune activation in fish and shellfish predominantly due to the cell wall component β-1,3-glucan, providing protection against bacterial or viral infections. However, the immunostimulatory capacity of dietary yeast cells remains poorly studied in bivalves. To understand the role of yeast cell wall components (mannan, β-glucan and chitin) as immune activators, this study characterized the surface carbohydrate exposure of the wild-type baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (WT) and its Δmnn9 mutant, which presents a defective mannan structure, and compared these profiles with that of β-glucan particles, using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled lectin binding analysis. Then, a first trial evaluated the immunological response in Crassostrea gigas juveniles after being fed for 24 h with an algae-based diet (100A) and its 50% substituted version (based on dry weight) with WT (50A50WT) and Δmnn9 (50A50Y), and the posterior resistance of the juveniles against Vibrio coralliilyticus infection (trial 1). The mRNA expression was measured for β-glucan-binding protein (CgβGBP), Toll-like receptor 4 (CgTLR4), C-type lectin receptor 3 (CgCLec-3), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (CgMyD88), nuclear factor-kappa B (CgNFκB), lysozyme (CgLys), interleukin 17-5 (CgIL17-5), and superoxide dismutase (CgSOD), in oysters, before and 24 h after the bacterial inoculation. A second trial tested the effect of incorporating Δmnn9 into the 100A diet for 24 h at different substitution levels: 0, 5, 10, 25, and 50% (100A, 95A5Y, 90A10Y, 75A25Y, and 50A50Y), followed by the bacterial challenge with V. coralliilyticus (trial 2). Our findings showed that the outer cell wall surface of WT is largely composed of mannan, while Δmnn9 presents high exposure of β-glucan and chitin, exhibiting similar FITC-lectin binding profiles (fluorescence intensity) to β-glucan particles. A significantly higher survival after the bacterial challenge was observed in oysters fed on 50A50Y compared to those fed 50A50WT and 100A in trial 1. This better performance of 50A50Y was supported by significantly higher gene expressions of CgLys, CgSOD, CgMyD88, and CgβGBP compared to 100A, and CgSOD and CgNFκB in relation to those fed on 50A50WT, prior to the bacterial inoculation. Furthermore, improved survival was observed in oysters fed 50A50Y compared to those offered lower Δmnn9 levels and 100A in trial 2. The superior performance of Δmnn9-fed oysters is mostly associated with the elevated presence of unmasked β-glucans on Δmnn9 cell wall surface, facilitating their interactions with oyster hemocytes. Further studies are needed to evaluate administration dose and frequency of Δmnn9 to develop strategies for long-term feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Loor
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nancy Nevejan
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Kubra KT, Akhter MS, Saini Y, Kousoulas KG, Barabutis N. Activating transcription factor 6 protects against endothelial barrier dysfunction. Cell Signal 2022; 99:110432. [PMID: 35933031 PMCID: PMC10413362 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial hyperpermeability is associated with sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The identification of molecular pathways involved in barrier dysfunction; may reveal promising therapeutic targets to combat ARDS. Unfolded protein response (UPR) is a highly conserved molecular pathway, which ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress. The present work focuses on the effects of ATF6, which is a UPR sensor, in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced endothelial hyperpermeability. METHODS The in vitro effects of AA147 and Ceapin-A7 in LPS-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction were investigated in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC). Small interfering (si) RNA was utilized to "silence" ATF6, and electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) measured transendothelial resistance. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran assay was utilized to assess paracellular permeability. Protein expression levels were evaluated with Western blotting, and cell viability with MTT assay. RESULTS We demonstrated that AA147 prevents LPS-induced barrier disruption by counteracting Cofilin and myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) activation, as well as VE-Cadherin phosphorylation. Moreover, this ATF6 inducer opposed LPS-triggered decrease in transendothelial resistance (TEER), as well as LPS-induced paracellular hyperpermeability. On the other hand, ATF6 suppression due to Ceapin-A7 or small interfering RNA exerted the opposite effects, and potentiated LPS-induced endothelial barrier disruption. Moderate concentrations of both ATF6 modulators did not affect cell viability. CONCLUSIONS ATF6 activation protects against endothelial barrier function, suggesting that this UPR sensor may serve as a therapeutic target for sepsis and ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadeja-Tul Kubra
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Mohammad S Akhter
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Yogesh Saini
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Konstantin G Kousoulas
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Nektarios Barabutis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
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Xu Y, Zheng J, Ye ZY. Anlotinib inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis by inactivating the AKT pathway in androgen receptor-negative prostate cancer cells. Neoplasma 2022; 69:1119-1128. [PMID: 36004650 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2022_220624n661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in men. The medical treatment of metastatic prostate cancer relies heavily on androgen deprivation. The present study aimed to explore the inhibitory effect of anlotinib on androgen receptor (AR)-negative prostate cancer cell lines in vitro and investigate its mechanism of action. Two prostate cancer cell lines, DU145 and PC-3, were treated with different concentrations (0-80 μM) of anlotinib. Cell proliferation was accessed by CCK-8 assay and EdU staining. Cell nuclear morphology was observed after DAPI staining, cell apoptosis level was evaluated by Annexin-V-FITC/PI staining, and western blot was used to detect the proliferation- and apoptosis-related proteins. The potential interaction between anlotinib and AKT was revealed by molecular docking. After treatment with anlotinib, the cell proliferation rate was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. The DAPI staining showed that anlotinib could induce apoptosis. Further, Annexin V/PI double staining confirmed the occurrence of apoptosis, accompanied by the increase of cleaved caspase-3 and activated PARP. Moreover, anlotinib significantly decreased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and its downstream pathway proteins in prostate cells (p<0.05). Experiments further confirmed that the activation of the AKT pathway reversed the inhibitory effect of anlotinib on DU145 and PC-3 cell proliferation. In addition, molecular docking analysis revealed potential interactions between anlotinib and AKT1 at multiple sites. Overall, the present study suggested that anlotinib could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis in the AR-negative prostate cancer cell lines, possibly via the inactivation of the AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Hwa Mei Hospital, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Ji Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Hwa Mei Hospital, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Ye
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hwa Mei Hospital, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
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Chen H, Qiao D, Si Y, He Z, Zhang B, Wang C, Zhang Y, Wang X, Shi Y, Cui C, Cui H, Li S. Effects of membrane androgen receptor binding on synaptic plasticity in primary hippocampal neurons. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 554:111711. [PMID: 35803447 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Androgens play an important role in the regulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. While the classical molecular mechanism of androgen's genomic activity is their binding to intracellular androgen receptors (iARs), they can also induce rapid non-genomic effects through specific membrane androgen receptors (mARs). In this study, we aimed to localize and characterize these mARs in primary rat hippocampal neurons. Specific punctate fluorescent signals on the cell surface, observed by testosterone-fetal bovine serum albumin conjugated fluorescein isothiocyanate (T-BSA-FITC), indicated the presence of mARs in hippocampal neurons. T-BSA-FITC binding to the cell membrane was incompletely blocked by the iAR-antagonist flutamide, and mAR binding site was competitively bound by free testosterone (T). Most neurons expressing androgen membrane binding sites are glutamatergic (excitatory), although several are γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic (inhibitory). Confocal microscopy and live-cell imaging techniques were used to observe the real-time rapid effects of androgens on hippocampal dendritic spine morphology. Immunofluorescence cell staining was used to observe their effects on the postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synapsin (SYN) synaptic markers. While androgens did not cause a short-term increase in dendritic spine density of rat primary hippocampal neurons, they promoted the transformation of dendritic spines from thin to mushroom, promoted dendritic spine maturation, increased dendritic spine surface area, and rapidly increased PSD95 and SYN expression in the primary hippocampal neurons. Hippocampal synaptosomes were prepared using the Optiprep and Percoll density gradient two-step centrifuge methods, and the gene expression profiles of the synaptosomes and hippocampus were compared using a gene chip; PSD95 mRNA expression was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Several mRNAs were detected at the synaptic site, including PSD95. Finally, the Venus-PSD95 plasmid was constructed and transfected into HT22 cells, which is a mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line. The real-time effect of androgen on synaptic protein PSD95 was observed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments, which involved the translation process of PSD95 mRNA. In conclusion, our findings increased our understanding of how androgens exert the neuroprotective mechanisms on synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Dan Qiao
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Yao Si
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Xuelin Wang
- Grade 2018, 5+3 Integrated Clinical Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Yichun Shi
- Grade 2019, Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Chengran Cui
- Grade 2019, Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Huixian Cui
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
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10
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Xie H, Shi Y, Zhou Y, Liu H. TMBIM6 promotes diabetic tubular epithelial cell survival and albumin endocytosis by inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor, IRE1α. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9181-9194. [PMID: 35857174 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07744-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Reduced albumin reabsorption in proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs), resulting from decreased megalin plasma membrane (PM) localization due to prolonged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, potentially contributes to albuminuria in early diabetic kidney disease (DKD). To examine this possibility, we investigated the cytoprotective effect of TMBIM6 in promoting diabetic PTEC survival and albumin endocytosis by attenuating ER stress with an IRE1α inhibitor, KIRA6. METHODS AND RESULTS Renal TMBIM6 distribution and expression were determined by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and qPCR, whereas tubular injury was evaluated in db/db mice. High-glucose (HG)-treated HK-2 cells were either treated with KIRA6 or transduced with a lentiviral vector for TMBIM6 overexpression. ER stress was measured by western blotting and ER-Tracker Red staining, whereas apoptosis was determined by performing TUNEL assays. Megalin expression was measured by immunofluorescence, and albumin endocytosis was evaluated after incubating cells with FITC-labeled albumin. Tubular injury and TMBIM6 downregulation occurred in db/db mouse renal cortical tissues. Both KIRA6 treatment and TMBIM6 overexpression inhibited ER stress by decreasing the levels of phosphorylated IRE1α, XBP1s, GRP78, and CHOP, and stabilizing ER expansion in HG-treated HK-2 cells. TUNEL assays performed with KIRA6-treated or TMBIM6-overexpressing cells showed a significant decrease in apoptosis, consistent with the significant downregulation of BAX and upregulation of BCL-2, as measured by immunoblotting. Both KIRA6 and TMBIM6 overexpression promoted megalin PM localization and restored albumin endocytosis in HG-treated HK-2 cells. CONCLUSION TMBIM6 promoted diabetic PTEC survival and albumin endocytosis by negatively regulating the IRE1α branch of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidi Xie
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology (A), Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology (A), Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology (A), Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology (A), Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Renal Research Institute of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 5, Haiyuncang Alley, Dongcheng District, 100700, Beijing, China.
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Singh SB, Coffman CN, Varga MG, Carroll-Portillo A, Braun CA, Lin HC. Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Prevents Sulfate Reducing Bacteria-Induced Increased Tight Junction Permeability by Inhibiting Snail Pathway. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:882498. [PMID: 35694541 PMCID: PMC9177943 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.882498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are essential components of intestinal barrier integrity and protect the epithelium against passive paracellular flux and microbial translocation. Dysfunctional TJ leads to leaky gut, a condition associated with diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB) are minor residents of the gut. An increased number of Desulfovibrio, the most predominant SRB, is observed in IBD and other diseases associated with leaky gut. However, it is not known whether Desulfovibrio contributes to leaky gut. We tested the hypothesis that Desulfovibrio vulgaris (DSV) may induce intestinal permeability in vitro. Snail, a transcription factor, disrupts barrier function by affecting TJ proteins such as occludin. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), a host defense protein, protects epithelial barrier integrity. We tested whether DSV induced permeability in polarized Caco-2 cells via snail and if this effect was inhibited by IAP. Barrier integrity was assessed by measuring transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) and by 4kDa FITC-Dextran flux to determine paracellular permeability. We found that DSV reduced TEER, increased FITC-flux, upregulated snail protein expression, caused nuclear translocation of snail, and disrupted occludin staining at the junctions. DSV-induced permeability effects were inhibited in cells knocked down for snail. Pre-treatment of cells with IAP inhibited DSV-induced FITC flux and snail expression and DSV-mediated disruption of occludin staining. These data show that DSV, a resident commensal bacterium, can contribute to leaky gut and that snail may serve as a novel therapeutic target to mitigate DSV-induced effects. Taken together, our study suggests a novel underlying mechanism of association of Desulfovibrio bloom with diseases with increased intestinal permeability. Our study also underscores IAP as a novel therapeutic intervention for correcting SRB-induced leaky gut via inhibition of snail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha B. Singh
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, New Mexico Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Cristina N. Coffman
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, New Mexico Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Matthew G. Varga
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, New Mexico Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Amanda Carroll-Portillo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Cody A. Braun
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, New Mexico Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Henry C. Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Medicine Service, New Mexico Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- *Correspondence: Henry C. Lin,
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12
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Costantini TW, Coimbra R, Weaver JL, Eliceiri BP. Precision targeting of the vagal anti-inflammatory pathway attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to burn injury. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2022; 92:323-329. [PMID: 34789702 PMCID: PMC8792272 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) drives late morbidity and mortality after injury. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAchR) expressed on immune cells regulates the vagal anti-inflammatory pathway that prevents an overwhelming SIRS response to injury. Nonspecific pharmacologic stimulation of the vagus nerve has been evaluated as a potential therapeutic to limit SIRS. Unfortunately, the results of clinical trials have been underwhelming. We hypothesized that directly targeting the α7nAchR would more precisely stimulate the vagal anti-inflammatory pathway on immune cells and decrease gut and lung injury after severe burn. METHODS C57BL/6 mice underwent 30% total body surface area steam burn. Mice were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of a selective agonist of the α7nAchR (AR-R17779) at 30 minutes postburn. Intestinal permeability to 4 kDa FITC-dextran was measured at multiple time points postinjury. Lung vascular permeability was measured 6 hours after burn injury. Serial behavioral assessments were performed to quantify activity levels. RESULTS Intestinal permeability peaked at 6 hours postburn. AR-R17779 decreased burn-induced intestinal permeability in a dose-dependent fashion (p < 0.001). There was no difference in gut permeability to 4 kDa FITC-dextran between sham and burn-injured animals treated with 5 mg/kg of AR-R17779. While burn injury increased lung permeability 10-fold, AR-R17779 prevented burn-induced lung permeability with no difference compared with sham (p < 0.01). Postinjury activity levels were significantly improved in burned animals treated with AR-R17779. CONCLUSION Directly stimulating the α7nAchR prevents burn-induced gut and lung injury. Directly targeting the α7nAChR that mediates the cholinergic anti-inflammatory response may be an improved strategy compared with nonspecific vagal agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd W. Costantini
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA
| | - Raul Coimbra
- Comparative Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Research Center, Riverside University Health System, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Riverside, CA
| | - Jessica L. Weaver
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA
| | - Brian P. Eliceiri
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA
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13
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Barua S, Sim AY, Kim JY, Shin I, Lee JE. Maintenance of the Neuroprotective Function of the Amino Group Blocked Fluorescence-Agmatine. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1933-1940. [PMID: 33914233 PMCID: PMC8254702 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Agmatine, an endogenous derivative of arginine, has been found to be effective in treating idiopathic pain, convulsion, stress-mediated behavior, and attenuate the withdrawal symptoms of drugs like morphine. In the early stages of ischemic brain injury in animals, exogenous agmatine treatment was found to be neuroprotective. Agmatine is also considered as a putative neurotransmitter and is still an experimental drug. Chemically, agmatine is called agmatine 1-(4-aminobutyl guanidine). Crystallographic study data show that positively-charged guanidine can bind to the protein containing Gly and Asp residues, and the amino group can interact with the complimentary sites of Glu and Ser. In this study, we blocked the amino end of the agmatine by conjugating it with FITC, but the guanidine end was unchanged. We compared the neuroprotective function of the agmatine and agmatine-FITC by treating them in neurons after excitotoxic stimulation. We found that even the amino end blocked neuronal viability in the excitotoxic condition, by NMDA treatment for 1 h, was increased by agmatine-FITC, which was similar to that of agmatine. We also found that the agmatine-FITC treatment reduced the expression of nitric oxide production in NMDA-treated cells. This study suggests that even if the amino end of agmatine is blocked, it can perform its neuroprotective function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Barua
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Korea
| | - A Young Sim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Korea
- BK21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722 Korea
| | - Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Korea
- BK21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722 Korea
- Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722 Korea
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14
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Zhou W, Huo J, Yang Y, Zhang X, Li S, Zhao C, Ma H, Liu Y, Liu J, Li J, Zhen M, Li J, Fang X, Wang C. Aminated Fullerene Abrogates Cancer Cell Migration by Directly Targeting Myosin Heavy Chain 9. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:56862-56873. [PMID: 33305958 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Functional fullerene derivatives exhibit fantastic inhibitory capabilities against cancer survival and metastasis, but the absence of clarified biological molecular targets and ambiguous regulation mechanisms set barriers for their clinical transformation. Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of mortality and initiated with increased cell migration, making cell motility regulation a high-value therapeutic target in precision medicine. Herein, a critical molecular target of the aminated fullerene derivative (C70-EDA), myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9), was initially identified by a pull-down assay and MS screening. MYH9 is a cytoplasm-located protein and is responsible for cell motility and epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulation. Omics data from large-scale clinical samples reveals that MYH9 gets overexpressed in various cancers and correlates with unfavorable prognosis, indicating that it is a potential antineoplastic target. It is unveiled that C70-EDA binds to the C-terminal of MYH9, triggering the transport of MYH9 from the cytoplasm to the cell edge, blocking the MYH9-involved cell mobility, and inhibiting the metastasis-associated EMT process. This work provides a precise biological target and new strategies for fullerene applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiawei Huo
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shumu Li
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haijun Ma
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianan Liu
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - MingMing Zhen
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Li
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
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Vora LK, Courtenay AJ, Tekko IA, Larrañeta E, Donnelly RF. Pullulan-based dissolving microneedle arrays for enhanced transdermal delivery of small and large biomolecules. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 146:290-298. [PMID: 31883883 PMCID: PMC7031695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
One specific technological advance in transdermal drug delivery is the development of dissolving microneedles (DMNs), which efficiently deliver therapeutics through a rapid dissolution of polymers after penetration into the skin. However, there is a limited range of water soluble, biodegradable polymers that can be used to manufacture DMN. Here, we report for the first time, the preparation and characterisation of a DMN system from the carbohydrate biopolymer, pullulan (PL). PL gels, of varying concentration, were studied for viscosity, film formation properties, and subsequently, microneedle formation. Model molecules and protein/peptide were loaded into PL DMN and characterised. The stability of model biomolecules, such as FITC-BSA and insulin, following DMN manufacture were assessed using circular dichroism. Ex-vivo porcine skin permeation studies using Franz diffusion cell apparatus for Flu-Na and FITC-BSA loaded PL-DMN were conducted. This study demonstrates that PL DMNs may serve as a promising tool for efficient transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Aaron J Courtenay
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ismaiel A Tekko
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aleppo University, Syria
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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Kavi Rajan R, Hussein MZ, Fakurazi S, Yusoff K, Masarudin MJ. Increased ROS Scavenging and Antioxidant Efficiency of Chlorogenic Acid Compound Delivered via a Chitosan Nanoparticulate System for Efficient In Vitro Visualization and Accumulation in Human Renal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194667. [PMID: 31547100 PMCID: PMC6801874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally existing Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is an antioxidant-rich compound reported to act a chemopreventive agent by scavenging free radicals and suppressing cancer-causing mechanisms. Conversely, the compound’s poor thermal and pH (neutral and basic) stability, poor solubility, and low cellular permeability have been a huge hindrance for it to exhibit its efficacy as a nutraceutical compound. Supposedly, encapsulation of CGA in chitosan nanoparticles (CNP), nano-sized colloidal delivery vector, could possibly assist in enhancing its antioxidant properties, in vitro cellular accumulation, and increase chemopreventive efficacy at a lower concentration. Hence, in this study, a stable, monodispersed, non-toxic CNP synthesized via ionic gelation method at an optimum parameter (600 µL of 0.5 mg/mL of chitosan and 200 µL of 0.7 mg/mL of tripolyphosphate), denoted as CNP°, was used to encapsulate CGA. Sequence of physicochemical analyses and morphological studies were performed to discern the successful formation of the CNP°-CGA hybrid. Antioxidant property (studied via DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay), in vitro antiproliferative activity of CNP°-CGA, and in vitro accumulation of fluorescently labeled (FITC) CNP°-CGA in cancer cells were evaluated. Findings revealed that successful formation of CNP°-CGA hybrid was reveled through an increase in particle size 134.44 ± 18.29 nm (polydispersity index (PDI) 0.29 ± 0.03) as compared to empty CNP°, 80.89 ± 5.16 nm (PDI 0.26 ± 0.01) with a maximal of 12.04 μM CGA loaded per unit weight of CNP° using 20 µM of CGA. This result correlated with Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis, transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning (FESEM) electron microscopy, and ImageJ evaluation. The scavenging activity of CNP°-CGA (IC50 5.2 ± 0.10 µM) were conserved and slightly higher than CNP° (IC50 6.4±0.78 µM). An enhanced cellular accumulation of fluorescently labeled CNP°-CGA in the human renal cancer cells (786-O) as early as 30 min and increased time-dependently were observed through fluorescent microscopic visualization and flow cytometric assessment. A significant concentration-dependent antiproliferation activity of encapsulated CGA was achieved at IC50 of 16.20 µM as compared to CGA itself (unable to determine from the cell proliferative assay), implying that the competent delivery vector, chitosan nanoparticle, is able to enhance the intracellular accumulation, antiproliferative activity, and antioxidant properties of CGA at lower concentration as compared to CGA alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathi Kavi Rajan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Cancer Research Laboratory Institute of Biosciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zobir Hussein
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mas Jaffri Masarudin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Cancer Research Laboratory Institute of Biosciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Trentini A, Murganti F, Rosta V, Cervellati C, Manfrinato MC, Spadaro S, Dallocchio F, Volta CA, Bellini T. Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 Binds to Neutrophils Impairing Their Chemotaxis through a Mac-1 Dependent Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040817. [PMID: 30769810 PMCID: PMC6413098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies showed that hydroxyethyl starch (HES), a synthetic colloid used in volume replacement therapies, interferes with leukocyte-endothelium interactions. Although still unclear, the mechanism seems to involve the inhibition of neutrophils' integrin. With the aim to provide direct evidence of the binding of HES to neutrophils and to investigate the influence of HES on neutrophil chemotaxis, we isolated and treated the cells with different concentrations of fluorescein-conjugated HES (HES-FITC), with or without different stimuli (N-Formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine, fMLP, or IL-8). HES internalization was evaluated by trypan blue quenching and ammonium chloride treatment. Chemotaxis was evaluated by under-agarose assay after pretreatment of the cells with HES or a balanced saline solution. The integrin interacting with HES was identified by using specific blocking antibodies. Our results showed that HES-FITC binds to the plasma membrane of neutrophils without being internalized. Additionally, the cell-associated fluorescence increased after stimulation of neutrophils with fMLP (p < 0.01) but not IL-8. HES treatment impaired the chemotaxis only towards fMLP, event mainly ascribed to the inhibition of CD-11b (Mac-1 integrin) activity. Therefore, the observed effect mediated by HES should be taken into account during volume replacement therapies. Thus, HES treatment could be advantageous in clinical conditions where a low activation/recruitment of neutrophils may be beneficial, but may be harmful when unimpaired immune functions are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Trentini
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Francesca Murganti
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
- Technische Universität Dresden, Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Valentina Rosta
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Manfrinato
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Savino Spadaro
- Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Franco Dallocchio
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Carlo Alberto Volta
- Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Bellini
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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Zhu J, Li H, Xiong Z, Shen M, Conti PS, Shi X, Chen K. Polyethyleneimine-Coated Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles for Targeted Tumor PET/MR Imaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:34954-34964. [PMID: 30234287 PMCID: PMC7469916 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A Mn3O4 nanoparticle (NP)-based dual-modality probe has been developed for tumor positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The dual-modality imaging probe was constructed by modifying multifunctional polyethyleneimine (PEI)-coated Mn3O4 NPs with folic acid (FA), followed with the radiolabeling with 64Cu. The formed imaging probe was utilized for PET/MR imaging of human cervical cancer mouse xenografts, which overexpress folate receptor (FR). The PEI-coated Mn3O4 NPs were synthesized using a solvothermal approach via decomposition of acetylacetone manganese. Multifunctional groups, including fluorescein isothiocyanate (FI), PEGylated FA, and NOTA chelator, were then sequentially loaded onto the surface of the amine groups of the Mn3O4 NPs. The remaining PEI amines were neutralized by the acetylation reaction. The resulting NOTA-FA-FI-PEG-PEI-Ac-Mn3O4 NPs were fully characterized and evaluated in vitro and successfully radiolabeled with 64Cu for tumor PET/MR imaging in small animals. In vivo blocking experiments were performed to determine the FR binding specificity of NPs. PET imaging results demonstrated that 64Cu-labeled Mn3O4 NPs display good tracer uptake in the FR-expressing HeLa tumors (tumor-to-muscle (T/M) ratio: 5.35 ± 0.31 at 18 h postinjection (pi)) and substantially reduced tracer uptake in the FR-blocked HeLa tumors (T/M ratio: 2.78 ± 0.68 at 18 h pi). The ex vivo data, including PET imaging and biodistribution, further confirmed the tumor binding specificity of the 64Cu-labeled Mn3O4 NPs. Moreover, the FR-targeted Mn3O4 NPs exhibited efficient T1-weighted MR imaging (MRI), leading to the precise tumor MRI at 18 h pi. PET/MR imaging with the 64Cu-NOTA-FA-FI-PEG-PEI-Ac-Mn3O4 NPs may offer a new quantitative approach to precisely measure the FR in tumors. The strategy of incorporating PEI nanotechnology into the construction of new biomaterials may be applied for the construction of novel nanoplatforms for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhu
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Zhijuan Xiong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mingwu Shen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Peter S. Conti
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Corresponding Authors:. Tel: +86-21-67792656. Fax: +86-21-67792306 804 (X.S.)., . Tel: +1-323-442-3858. Fax: +1-323-442-3253 (K.C.)
| | - Kai Chen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
- Corresponding Authors:. Tel: +86-21-67792656. Fax: +86-21-67792306 804 (X.S.)., . Tel: +1-323-442-3858. Fax: +1-323-442-3253 (K.C.)
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Gao Y, Li S, Wang J, Luo C, Zhao S, Zheng N. Modulation of Intestinal Epithelial Permeability in Differentiated Caco-2 Cells Exposed to Aflatoxin M1 and Ochratoxin A Individually or Collectively. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 10:toxins10010013. [PMID: 29280945 PMCID: PMC5793100 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are mycotoxins commonly found in milk; however, their effects on intestinal epithelial cells have not been reported. In the present study, we show that AFM1 (0.12 and 12 μM) and OTA (0.2 and 20 μM) individually or collectively increased the paracellular flux of lucifer yellow and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextrans (4 and 40 kDa) and decreased transepithelial electrical resistance values in differentiated Caco-2 cells after 48 h of exposure, indicating increased epithelial permeability. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescent analysis revealed that AFM1, OTA, and their combination decreased the expression levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins and disrupted their structures, namely, claudin-3, claudin-4, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) partially involved in the mycotoxins-induced disruption of intestinal barrier. The effects of a combination of AFM1 and OTA on intestinal barrier function were more significant (p < 0.05) than those of AFM1 and OTA alone, yielding additive or synergistic effects. The additive or synergistic effects of AFM1 and OTA on intestinal barrier function might affect human health, especially in children, and toxin risks should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Gao
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Songli Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Chaochao Luo
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Nan Zheng
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center, Beijing 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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20
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Vlachoyiannopoulos PG, Mavragani CP, Bourazopoulou E, Balitsari AV, Routsias JG. Anti-CD40 antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Thromb Haemost 2017; 92:1303-11. [PMID: 15583738 DOI: 10.1160/th04-02-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryAnti-β2glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI) antibodies constitute the main autoantibody specificity in the sera of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). There is evidence that antiβ2GPI antibodies induce the precoagulant activity of the endothelium by cross-linking the β2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI) on the cell surface. Since β2GPI lacks intracellular domains, homology with other molecules such as CD40 that could initiate signaling, was extensively searched. A 86% homology between the amino acid position 239-245 of the CD40 and 7-13 of the β2glycoprotein was found. The CD40 peptide corresponding to amino acids 239-245 of the CD40 molecule was synthesized and coupled to a multiple antigenic peptide carrier. Antibodies to CD40 peptide were found in 61.5% APS patients (n=39), in 72.7% of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) positive for anti β2GPI antibodies (n=11) and 31.6% of SLE negative for antiβ2GPI antibodies (n=19), but not in rheumatoid arthritis patients (n=28) or controls (n=36). Antibodies to CD40 peptide were associated with arterial thrombosis and/or brain microinfarcts. Affinity purified anti-CD40 peptide antibodies as well as affinity purified anti-β2GPI antibodies recognized both, the β2GPI and the CD40 peptide. The specificity of this recognition was confirmed with homologous and heterologous inhibition experiments. Confocal microscopy experiments demonstrated this cross-recognition of CD40 and β2GPI molecules, by the purified anti-CD40 peptide antibodies, at the protein level. Thus, antibodies reacting with the β2GPI can react and potentially activate different cells which express CD40 molecules at their surface.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antibodies/chemistry
- Antibodies, Antiphospholipid/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antiphospholipid Syndrome/blood
- Antiphospholipid Syndrome/immunology
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD40 Antigens/biosynthesis
- CD40 Antigens/immunology
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Chromatography
- Chromatography, Ion Exchange
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate/pharmacology
- Humans
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/blood
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Middle Aged
- Models, Biological
- Peptides/chemistry
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Signal Transduction
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Sun Y, Lu J, Yan D, Shen L, Hu H, Chen D. Cellular uptake mechanism and clearance kinetics of fluorescence-labeled glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid-modified liposome in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 53:46-56. [PMID: 28501784 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpene derivative that exerts significant effects in the suppression of liver cancer. The receptors of GA on liver cells and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells have drawn broad attention. The effects of GA might depend on its transport into and out of cells. However, the question has not been previously addressed despite its obvious and fundamental importance. In this paper, GA and GA-modified liposome (GA-Lip) were labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) or coumarin 6 (Cou6) using chemical or pharmaceutical techniques. The transport courses of FITC-GA and GA-Cou6-Lip were studied in HepG2 cells in vitro. We found that the fluorescence labeled GA and GA-Lip uptake and clearance were time-dependent. FITC-GA uptake involved passive diffusion and active transport, and the receptors were in the cytomembrane proteins. GA-Cou6-Lip uptake was mediated by caveolae-dependent endocytosis. In addition, FITC-GA and GA-Cou6-Lip clearance of the HCC cells fitted exponential decay and second-order processes, respectively. These findings provide new insights into the anti-HCC actions of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jinghua Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China
| | - Dongxue Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China
| | - Liping Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Dawei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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22
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Hasegawa K, Kudoh S, Ito T. Somatostatin receptor staining in FFPE sections using a ligand derivative dye as an alternative to immunostaining. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172030. [PMID: 28182792 PMCID: PMC5300255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The confirmation of target expression in tissues is a prerequisite for molecular-targeted therapy. However, difficulties are sometimes associated with the production of appropriate antibodies against receptors. We herein developed a ligand derivative dye for the staining of receptors. The somatostatin receptor (sstr) was selected as the target and FITC-octreotate as the detective agent. We performed a blot analysis to detect sstr in the transfer membrane. The sstr2 recombinant protein or cell lysate from a small cell lung carcinoma cell line (H69) was boiled and loaded onto SDS-PAGE, and the proteins were transferred to a membrane. Even after denaturing processes, FITC-octreotate still bound sstr on the membrane. Furthermore, FITC-octreotate depicted the expression of sstr in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections, a method that we named ligand derivative staining (LDS). The accuracies of immunostaining and LDS were compared at the points of the detection of sstr using FFPE sections of 30 neuroendocrine tumor specimens. The sensitivity of LDS was 81.8%, while those of immunostaining using anti-sstr2 and sstr5 antibodies were 72.7% and 63.6%, respectively. Thus, LDS appears to be superior to immunostaining. A ligand derivative may be used as a substitute for antibodies, and has the potential to support economical, simple, and accurate detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Kudoh
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
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23
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Hakeem A, Zahid F, Duan R, Asif M, Zhang T, Zhang Z, Cheng Y, Lou X, Xia F. Cellulose conjugated FITC-labelled mesoporous silica nanoparticles: intracellular accumulation and stimuli responsive doxorubicin release. Nanoscale 2016; 8:5089-5097. [PMID: 26868866 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08753h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we design novel cellulose conjugated mesoporous silica nanoparticle (CLS-MSP) based nanotherapeutics for stimuli responsive intracellular doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. DOX molecules are entrapped in pores of the fabricated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSPs) while cellulose is used as an encapsulating material through esterification on the outlet of the pores of the MSPs to avoid premature DOX release under physiological conditions. In in vitro studies, stimuli responsive DOX release is successfully achieved from DOX loaded cellulose conjugated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DOX/CLS-MSPs) by pH and cellulase triggers. Intracellular accumulation of DOX/CLS-MSPs in human liver cancer cells (HepG2 cells) is investigated through confocal microscope magnification. Cell viability of HepG2 cells is determined as the percentage of the cells incubated with DOX/CLS-MSPs compared with that of non-incubated cells through an MTT assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hakeem
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China. and Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Zahid
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Ruixue Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Muhammad Asif
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Tianchi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yong Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Fan Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China. and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China. and Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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24
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Zhou Y, Ding J, Liang T, Abdel-Halim ES, Jiang L, Zhu JJ. FITC Doped Rattle-Type Silica Colloidal Particle-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor for Biosensing and Imaging of Superoxide Anion. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:6423-6430. [PMID: 26910878 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanosensors have been widely applied in recognition and imaging of bioactive small molecules; however, the complicated surface modification process and background interference limit their applications in practical biological samples. Here, a simple, universal method was developed for ratiometric fluorescent determination of general small molecules. Taking superoxide anion (O2(•-)) as an example, the designed sensor was composed of three main moieties: probe carrier, rattle-type silica colloidal particles (mSiO2@hmSiO2 NPs); reference fluorophore doped into the core of NPs, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC); fluorescent probe for superoxide anion, hydroethidine (HE). In the absence of O2(•-), the sensor just emitted green fluorescence of FITC at 518 nm. When released HE was oxidized by O2(•-), the oxidation product exhibited red fluorescence at 570 nm and the intensity was linearly associated with the concentration of O2(•-), while that of reference element remained constant. Accordingly, ratiometric determination of O2(•-) was sensitively and selectively achieved with a linear range of 0.2-20 μM, and the detection limit was calculated as low as 80 nM. Besides, the technique was also successfully applied for dual-emission imaging of O2(•-) in live cells and realized visual recognition with obvious fluorescence color change in normal conditions or under oxidative stress. As long as appropriate reference dyes and sensing probes are selected, ratiometric biosensing and imaging of bioactive small molecules would be achieved. Therefore, the design could provide a simple, accurate, universal platform for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation of Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation of Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, China-America Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Tingxizi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation of Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - E S Abdel-Halim
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh 11451, P.O. Box 2455, Kingdom Saudi Arabia
| | - Liping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation of Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation of Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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25
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Gong P, Yang Y, Yi H, Fang S, Zhang P, Sheng Z, Gao G, Gao D, Cai L. Polypeptide micelles with dual pH activatable dyes for sensing cells and cancer imaging. Nanoscale 2014; 6:5416-5424. [PMID: 24714804 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00519h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
pH is an important control parameter for maintenance of cell viability and tissue functions. pH monitoring provides valuable information on cell metabolic processes and the living environment. In this study, we prepared dual pH-sensitive, fluorescent dye-loaded polypeptide nanoparticles (DPNs) for ratiometric sensing of pH changes in living cells. DPNs contain two types of dyes: N-(rhodamine B) lactam cystamine (RBLC), an acid activatable fluorescent dye with increased fluorescence in an acidic environment, and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), a base activatable fluorescent dye with enhanced fluorescence in an alkaline environment. Hence, DPNs exhibited a dual response signal with strong red fluorescence and weak green fluorescence under acidic conditions; in contrast, they showed strong green fluorescence and almost no red fluorescence under alkaline and neutral conditions. The favorable inverse pH responses of the two fluorescent dyes resulted in ratiometric pH determination for DPNs with an optimized pH-sensitive range of pH 4.5-7.5. Quantitative analysis of the intracellular pH of intact MCF-7 cells has been successfully demonstrated with our nanosensor. Moreover, single acid activatable fluorescent dye doped polypeptide nanoparticles that only contained RBLC can distinguish tumor tissue from normal tissue by monitoring the acidic extracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cancer Nanotechnology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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26
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Li J, Song Y, Liu X, Zhang M, He R, Chang Y, Jin J, Xing GM, Zhang J. The effects of C60(C(COOH)2)2-FITC on proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2013; 13:6517-6521. [PMID: 24245108 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2013.7166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As manufactured nanoparticles, fullerene nanoparticles were used as the model to research the manufactured nanoparticles entering into cells and hence have been rapidly developed for biomedical uses. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have become the most widely used seeding cells in tissue engineering because they are readily obtained without ethical problems and are multipotent with regard to adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages. Because of their favorable biological and cellular activities, C60 carboxyl derivatives are among the most widely studied C60 derivatives. FITC labeled C60(C(COOH)2)2 nanoparticles were charactered by FTIR, ESI-MS, XPS and DLS. The effects of C60(C(COOH)2)2-FITC on proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro were observed. The fullerene nanoparticles are quickly internalized by the cells and they had low toxicity to proliferation of hMSCs. The C60(C(COOH)2)2 nanoparticles could promote cell proliferation, enhance osteoclast differentiation of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, 19B, Beijing 100049, China
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Dong W, Han B, Shao K, Yang Z, Peng Y, Yang Y, Liu W. Effects of molecular weights on the absorption, distribution and urinary excretion of intraperitoneally administrated carboxymethyl chitosan in rats. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2012; 23:2945-2952. [PMID: 22890521 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Carboxymethyl chitosan (CM-chitosan) is one of water-soluble derivatives of chitosan. Numerous studies have been focused on its applications as pharmaceutical excipient, bioactive reagent and nontoxic drug carrier. Like other polysaccharides, CM-chitosan is inhomogenous in molecular weight. Originations and preparation procedures considerably influence its molecular weight and molecular weight distributions. Understanding the molecular weight related biological behaviour of this inhomogenous glycopolymer in vivo were crucial for the quality control and clinical applications of chitosan and chitosan based medical devices. In this study, we investigated the effects of molecular weights on the absorption, distribution, degradation and urinary excretion of the fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled CM-chitosan in rats. The results indicated that molecular weight significantly influenced the uptake of CM-chitosan from the lumen of abdomen and blood vessels to peripheral tissues, the distribution of this chemical and urinary excretion after intraperitoneal administration. These findings provided an important reference for the clinical applications of this versatile derivative of chitosan as postsurgical and other biomedical materials and important clues for the exploitation of CM-chitosan based drug targeting and delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.
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Ben-Dov N, Rozman Grinberg I, Korenstein R. Electroendocytosis is driven by the binding of electrochemically produced protons to the cell's surface. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50299. [PMID: 23209699 PMCID: PMC3507776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroendocytosis involves the exposure of cells to pulsed low electric field and is emerging as a complementary method to electroporation for the incorporation of macromolecules into cells. The present study explores the underlying mechanism of electroendocytosis and its dependence on electrochemical byproducts formed at the electrode interface. Cell suspensions were exposed to pulsed low electric field in a partitioned device where cells are spatially restricted relative to the electrodes. The cellular uptake of dextran-FITC was analyzed by flow cytometery and visualized by confocal microscopy. We first show that uptake occurs only in cells adjacent to the anode. The enhanced uptake near the anode is found to depend on electric current density rather than on electric field strength, in the range of 5 to 65 V/cm. Electrochemically produced oxidative species that impose intracellular oxidative stress, do not play any role in the stimulated uptake. An inverse dependence is found between electrically induced uptake and the solution’s buffer capacity. Electroendocytosis can be mimicked by chemically acidifying the extracellular solution which promotes the enhanced uptake of dextran polymers and the uptake of plasmid DNA. Electrochemical production of protons at the anode interface is responsible for inducing uptake of macromolecules into cells exposed to a pulsed low electric field. Expanding the understanding of the mechanism involved in electric fields induced drug-delivery into cells, is expected to contribute to clinical therapy applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Ben-Dov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Inna Rozman Grinberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Rafi Korenstein
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Christensen GB, Hvid M, Kvist PH, Deleuran B, Deleuran M, Vestergaard C, Kemp K. CD4+ T cell depletion changes the cytokine environment from a TH1/TH2 response to a TC17-like response in a murine model of atopic dermatitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1285-92. [PMID: 21530683 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease often associated with co-morbidities including allergic hypersensitivity. We have studied induced AD-like disease in NC/Nga mice using the hapten FITC. Following FITC-treatment the NC/Nga mice develop AD-like skin lesions in regard to the histopathological and immunological changes. Consistent with AD in humans the number of CD4(+) T cells within the blood and draining lymph nodes increases considerably. To evaluate the contribution of T(H) cells on disease development we examined the effect of CD4 depletion. Following CD4 depletion the mice still develop AD-like skin lesions characterized by e.g. increased epidermal proliferation, hyperkeratosis and cellular infiltrate, however, the underlying immunological mechanisms change. CD4 depletion results in increased IL-17A and IL-22 production, which traditionally are associated with T(H)17 cells. Using confocal microscopy, we demonstrate that epidermal CD8(+) cells are positive for IL-17A, indicating that these cells are T(C)17 cells, the cytotoxic T cell counterpart to T(H)17 cells. In conclusion, we show that NC/Nga mice develop AD-like disease following CD4 depletion. This is mirrored by an increased production of IL-17A, which we suggest are produced by T(C)17 cells. These findings support that CD8(+) T cells can play a role in AD.
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Barroso-Villa G, Colin-Valenzuela A, Gómez-López N, Velázquez-Magaña M. [Effect of merocianina-540 in the fertilizing capacity of sperm correlated with the expression of 3-OH terminal fragments]. Ginecol Obstet Mex 2010; 78:685-691. [PMID: 21961375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The packaging of heterochromatin during spermatogenesis has been correlated with the expression of residual apoptotic bodies (which stain with merocyanine A) that will impact on sperm function in the fertilization process; as well as the joint expression of the transmembrane translocation phosphatidyl serine and oligonucleosomes. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the expression of bodies stained with merocyanine in the functional processes of sperm and their level of agreement with apoptotic Annexin V and TUNEL biomarkers. MATERIAL AND METHOD We performed a prospective, cross, including 11,000 cells belonging to semen samples from infertile men, were evaluated according to WHO criteria (1999), bounded by the lines of Tygerberg. The biomolecular transformation processing of the membrane and the expression of oligonucleosomes in the terminal cascade of apoptosis were quantified by cytometry flow, using an argon lasser as a reading source of 480 nm, discriminating the degree of cellularity, both negative and positive for each indicators. RESULTS Because of the study design was found low quantification in semen parameters, motility, morphology and sperm concentration. The average expression of cells [DNA-PI(+) / dUTP-FITC(+)] (quantification of TUNEL) and [Annexin-V(+) / PI(-)] was 36.5 +/- 17.4% and 31.2 +/- 17.4%, respectively. By comparing the expression of TUNEL without the effect of M540 bodies (36.3 +/- 1.7% vs. 36 +/- 1.7%) a significant difference was not determined. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that there is a remnant of the primary processes of spermiation, which can take an important role in apoptotic and functional processes of the sperm. However, its expression does not affect measurement of biomarkers of apoptosis seminal, whose determination changed the diagnosis and functional perception of reproductive parameters in the sperm.
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Radulescu A, Zhang HY, Yu X, Olson JK, Darbyshire AK, Chen Y, Besner GE. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor overexpression in transgenic mice increases resistance to necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 2010; 45:1933-9. [PMID: 20920709 PMCID: PMC2953427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency and the leading surgical cause of death in premature infants. We have shown that administration of exogenous heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) in mice protects the intestines from experimental NEC. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of gain-of-function of endogenous HB-EGF on susceptibility to NEC. METHODS Neonatal HB-EGF transgenic (TG) mice and their wild-type (WT) counterparts were exposed to experimental NEC. An additional group of HB-EGF TG pups were also exposed to NEC, but received the HB-EGF antagonist cross-reacting material 197 (CRM197) injected subcutaneously immediately after birth. To examine gut barrier function, HB-EGF TG and WT pups received intragastric fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran under basal and stressed conditions, and serum fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran levels were measured. RESULTS Wild-type mice had an incidence of NEC of 54.2%, whereas HB-EGF TG mice had a significantly decreased incidence of NEC of 22.7% (P = .03). Importantly, administration of CRM197 to HB-EGF TG pups significantly increased the incidence of NEC to 65% (P = .004). HB-EGF TG mice had significantly decreased intestinal permeability compared to WT mice both under basal and stressed conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that overexpression of the HB-EGF gene decreases susceptibility to NEC and that administration of the HB-EGF antagonist CRM197 reverses this protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Radulescu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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Mahmoud KA, Mena JA, Male KB, Hrapovic S, Kamen A, Luong JHT. Effect of surface charge on the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of fluorescent labeled cellulose nanocrystals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2010; 2:2924-32. [PMID: 20919683 DOI: 10.1021/am1006222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Probing of cellular uptake and cytotoxicity was conducted for two fluorescent cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs): CNC-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and newly synthesized CNC-rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RBITC). The positively charged CNC-RBITC was uptaken by human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) and Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells without affecting the cell membrane integrity. The cell viability assay and cell-based impedance spectroscopy revealed no noticeably cytotoxic effect of the CNC-RBITC conjugate. However, no significant internalization of negatively charged CNC-FITC was observed at physiological pH. Indeed, the effector cells were surrounded by CNC-FITC, leading to eventual cell rupture. As the surface charge of CNC played an important role in cellular uptake and cytotoxicity, facile surface functionalization together with observed noncytotoxicity rendered modified CNC as a promising candidate for bioimaging and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Mahmoud
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Canada National Research Council, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Canada H4P 2R2
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Zhang SH, Cheng X, Zhong GS, Xiong DS, Shao RG. [In vivo imaging analysis of biodistribution of FITC-labeled Rituximab in lymphoma-bearing nude mice]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2010; 90:2367-2370. [PMID: 21092502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct an in vivo optical imaging analysis of the biodistribution of antibody Rituximab in lymphoma tumor-bearing nude mice. METHODS Laser scanning confocal microscope and flow cytometry were employed to determine the affinity of FITC-labeled Rituximab (FITC-Rituximab) with human lymphoma Raji cells. And the in vivo optical imaging system was used to analyze the biodistribution of FITC-Rituximab in lymphoma-transplanted xenograft nude mice. RESULTS The results of flow cytometry and laser scanning confocal microscope demonstrated that FITC-Rituximab had remarkable affinity with lymphoma Raji cells and was mainly bound at cell membrane. The results of in vivo imaging analysis suggested that FITC-Rituximab could specifically accumulated at peritumor tissue less than 1 h, then penetrated into the interior of tumor and concentrated in 3-4 h. And the specific concentration of FITC-Rituximab could still been observed more than 8-10 h whereas there was no apparent fluorescence at other tissues. Furthermore, the results observed from a two-flank tumor xenograft model showed that FITC-Rituximab possessed specific binding affinity for CD20-overexpressed lymphoma. CONCLUSION The in vivo optical imaging system can accurately monitor the distribution of FITC-Rituximab in tumor-bearing nude mice. And this technique has a reference value and significance for a real-time analysis of tumor-targeting capability of antibody drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-hua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
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Füchslin HP, Kötzsch S, Keserue HA, Egli T. Rapid and quantitative detection of Legionella pneumophila applying immunomagnetic separation and flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2010; 77:264-74. [PMID: 20099248 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Legionella is a pathogenic bacterium that establishes and proliferates well in water storage and distribution systems. Worldwide it is responsible for numerous outbreaks of legionellosis, which can be fatal. Despite recent advances in molecular and immunological methods, the official, internationally accepted detection method for Legionella spp. in water samples (ISO 11371) is still based on cultivation. This method has major disadvantages such as a long assay time of 10 days and the detection of cultivable cells only. Therefore, we developed a cultivation-independent, quantitative, and fast detection method for Legionella pneumophila in water samples. It consists of four steps, starting with (1) a concentrating step, in which cells present in one litre of water are concentrated into 5 ml by filtration (pore size 0.45 microm), (2) then cells are resuspended with sterile filtered buffer and double-stained with FITC- and Alexa-conjugated Legionella-specific antibodies, (3) subsequently, the cells are immunomagnetically caught, and (4) finally, fluorescently labeled Legionella cells were flow cytometrically detected and quantified. The efficiency of each step was tested separately. The whole method allows detection of L. pneumophila in 180 min with a detection limit of around 500 cells/l and a recovery of Legionella cells of 52.1 % out of spiked tap water. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometric cell-counting correlated well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Peter Füchslin
- Eawag (Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology), Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Peldschus K, Schultze A, Nollau P, Kaul M, Schumacher U, Wagener C, Adam G, Ittrich H. Quantitative MR imaging of targeted SPIO particles on the cell surface and comparison to flow cytometry. Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 28:599-606. [PMID: 20117898 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2009.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To detect anti-CEACAM5 targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles in vitro on the cell surface by quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and to compare with flow cytometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS The monoclonal mouse antibody T84.1 and an appropriate IgG isotype antibody were conjugated to dextran-coated SPIO particles. HT29 cells expressing carcinoembryonic antigen (CEACAM5) were treated with antibody-conjugated SPIO particles. Purified cell samples were examined on a 3.0-T MR scanner using a multi-echo spin-echo sequence for MR relaxometry. Aliquots of the cell samples were further treated with a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) anti-dextran antibody and an Alexa Fluor 488 anti-mouse antibody for the corresponding flow cytometry. RESULTS MR relaxometry revealed a dose-dependent binding of T84.1-conjugated SPIO particles with a positive correlation between R(2) relaxation rate of cell samples and SPIO particle concentration during incubation (r=0.993, P<.01). Positive correlations were also observed between R(2) relaxation rate and flow cytometry (geometric mean) with both fluorescent antibodies (r=0.972 and r=0.953, both P<.01), respectively. CONCLUSION The study revealed the feasibility of quantitative MR imaging of targeted SPIO particles on the cell surface comparable to flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kersten Peldschus
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Mishima T, Kuratani M, Kanzaki K, Yamada T, Matsunaga S, Wada M. No relationship between enzyme activity and structure of nucleotide binding site in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase from short-term stimulated rat muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2009; 196:401-9. [PMID: 19302261 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2009.01986.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM We examined whether structural alterations to the adenine nucleotide binding site (ANBS) within sarcoplasmic (endo) reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) would account for contraction-induced changes in the catalytic activity of the enzyme as assessed in vitro. METHODS Repetitive contractions were induced in rat gastrocnemius by electrical nerve stimulation. Measurements of sarcoplasmic reticulum properties were performed on control and stimulated muscles immediately after or at 30 min after the cessation of 5-min stimulation. In order to examine the properties at the ANBS, the binding capacity of SERCA to fluorescence isothiocyanate (FITC), a competitive inhibitor at the ANBS, was analysed in microsomes. RESULTS Short-term electrical stimulation evoked a 23.9% and 32.6% decrease (P < 0.05) in SERCA activity and in the FITC binding capacity, respectively, in the superficial region of the muscle. Whereas SERCA activity reverted to normal levels during 30-min recovery, a restoration of the FITC binding capacity did not occur. CONCLUSION The discordant changes between the enzyme activity and the FITC binding suggest that, at least during recovery after exercise, changes in SERCA activity may not correlate closely with structural alterations to the ANBS within the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mishima
- Department of Pre-School Education, Hachinohe Junior College, Aomori, Japan
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Abstract
We have investigated the capability of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to penetrate the cell wall and cell membrane of intact plant cells. Confocal fluorescence images revealed the cellular uptake of both SWNT/fluorescein isothiocyanate and SWNT/DNA conjugates, demonstrating that SWNTs also hold great promise as nanotransporters for walled plant cells. Moreover, the result suggested that SWNTs could deliver different cargoes into different plant cell organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructures and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Morimoto K, Fukushi N, Chono S, Seki T, Tabata Y. Spermined dextran, a cationized polymer, as absorption enhancer for pulmonary application of peptide drugs. Pharmazie 2008; 63:180-184. [PMID: 18444505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sperminated dextrans (SD) having different average molecular weights (MWs; 10, 40 and 70 kDa) and numbers of amino groups were prepared as cationized polymers for use as absorption enhancers. The absorption enhancing effects on the pulmonary absorption of insulin in rats and the permeation of FITC-dextran (MW 4,400, FD4) through calu-3 cell (human airway epithelial cell) monolayers by SD were evaluated. SD significantly enhanced the pulmonary absorption of insulin SD and the permeation of FD4 through calu-3 cells. The enhancing effects on the absorption insulin and permeation of FD4 through calu-3 cells increased with an increase in the molecular weigh of SD over the range 10-70 kDa. SD may interact directly with the luminal surface of mucus membranes via an ion-ion interaction and then induce signals that open tight junctions resulting in intercellular permeation of water soluble drugs. SD may be useful as an absorption enhancer for pulmonary delivery of peptide and protein drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Morimoto
- Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Won YW, Kim YH. Recombinant human gelatin nanoparticles as a protein drug carrier. J Control Release 2008; 127:154-61. [PMID: 18329122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2007] [Revised: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Considerable attention has been directed to the application of natural gelatin-based nanoparticles. However, there are still critical problems associated with a safety issue of animal-origin gelatins, heterogeneous molecular weight, subsequent nanoparticle size distributions and use of toxic cross-linker. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple, safe and reproducible preparation method of recombinant human gelatin (rHG) nanoparticles via a modified desolvation method using a natural cross-linker for protein drug delivery. The model protein, FITC-BSA, was released from rHG nanoparticles in a biphasic and sustained-release pattern without initial burst. Optimized nanoparticles based on rHG and a natural cross-linker were prepared for the first time and showed great potential for protein drug delivery in terms of sustained release, less initial burst, and safety. In addition, rHG nanoparticles were efficiently internalized in the cell and mainly localized in the cytoplasm without significant cytotoxicity. Overall, these results suggest that rHG nanoparticles are appropriate for a protein drug delivery system with minimal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Wook Won
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 17, Haendang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of generation 5 poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (G5-PAMAM) as a platform for the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics. However, anticancer therapy can be subverted by anti-apoptotic changes in cancer cells. Bcl-2 and several of its peptides are commonly overexpressed in a number of cancers. A means to reverse this anti-apoptotic mechanism is to expose the cells to BH3 peptide, which has a homology to the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. This cannot be done indiscriminately because it can induce apoptosis in normal cells. In order to specifically target BH3 peptides to cancer cells, we synthesized a trifunctional, G5-PAMAM-based nanodevice to which folic acid was conjugated as a targeting agent, along with fluorescein isothiocyanate as the reporter agent and BH3 peptides that were used to induce apoptosis. The results show, for the first time, the therapeutic potential of targeted BH3 peptides as a means of inducing apoptosis by interfering with anti-apoptotic proteins within specific cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Myc
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, BSRB, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0648, USA.
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Kabashima K, Shiraishi N, Sugita K, Mori T, Onoue A, Kobayashi M, Sakabe JI, Yoshiki R, Tamamura H, Fujii N, Inaba K, Tokura Y. CXCL12-CXCR4 engagement is required for migration of cutaneous dendritic cells. Am J Pathol 2007; 171:1249-57. [PMID: 17823289 PMCID: PMC1988874 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.070225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CCR7 is regarded as an essential chemokine receptor for cutaneous dendritic cell (DC) migration into the regional lymph nodes. However, complete migratory inhibition cannot be obtained in CCR7-deficient mice, suggesting that there exist other chemokine receptors involved in this process. Initially, we found that CXCR4 was highly expressed on migrated cutaneous DCs and that its ligand, CXCL12, was detected in the LYVE-1(+) lymphatic vessels in the skin. FITC-induced cutaneous DC migration into the draining lymph nodes was impaired by the specific CXCR4 antagonist 4-F-Benzoyl-TN14003. Among FITC(+) cells, Langerin(+) Langerhans cells and Langerin(-) (dermal) dDC subsets were detected as CD11c(high+)CD11b(int+) cells and CD11c(high+)CD11b(high+) plus CD11c(low+)CD11b(int+) cells, respectively, both of which were suppressed by CXCR4 antagonist. Moreover, in vivo contact hypersensitivity response was impaired by CXCR4 antagonist administered during the sensitization phase. The in vitro proliferative response to dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid of sensitized lymph node cells was inhibited by CXCR4 antagonist treatment. These findings demonstrated that CXCL12-CXCR4 engagement on cutaneous DCs plays a crucial role in the initiation of skin immune response by enhancing cutaneous DC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, University of Environmental and Occupational Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.
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Budikhina A, Pinegin B. Evaluation of bactericidal activity of human biological fluids by flow cytofluorimetry. Adv Exp Med Biol 2007; 601:307-10. [PMID: 17713019 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-72005-0_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability of biological fluids to kill microbes is an important feature of the human immune system. Following incubation of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled Staphylococcus aureus with biological specimens and subsequent staining with propidium iodide, the proportions of killed bacteria were estimated by flow cytometry. FACScan is a simple, quick and reliable method to evaluate bactericidal activity of biological fluids. The results of the cytometric method correlated well with the results of the classic microbiological method. The proposed method is highly informative for evaluating bactericidal activity of sera in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Budikhina
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology, FMBA, Moscow, Russia.
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Ogawa M, Nakai S, Deguchi A, Nonomura T, Masaki T, Uchida N, Yoshiji H, Kuriyama S. Vitamins K2, K3 and K5 exert antitumor effects on established colorectal cancer in mice by inducing apoptotic death of tumor cells. Int J Oncol 2007; 31:323-31. [PMID: 17611688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a number of studies have shown that vitamin K possesses antitumor activities on various neoplastic cell lines, there are few reports demonstrating in vivo antitumor effects of vitamin K, and the antitumor effect on colorectal cancer (CRC) remains to be examined. Therefore, antitumor effects of vitamin K on CRC were examined both in vitro and in vivo. Vitamins K2, K3 and K5 suppressed the proliferation of colon 26 cells in a dose-dependent manner, while vitamin K1 did not. On flow cytometry, induction of apoptosis by vitamins K2, K3 and K5 was suggested by population in sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle. Hoechst 33342 staining and a two-color flow cytometric assay using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated annexin V and propidium iodide confirmed that vitamins K2, K3 and K5 induced apoptotic death of colon 26 cells. Enzymatic activity of caspase-3 in colon 26 cells was significantly up-regulated by vitamins K2, K3 and K5. The pan-caspase inhibitor, benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone, substantially prevented vitamin K-mediated apoptosis. In vivo study using syngeneic mice with subcutaneously established colon 26 tumors demonstrated that intravenous administration of vitamins K2, K3 and K5 significantly suppressed the tumor growth. The number of apoptotic tumor cells was significantly larger in the vitamin K-treated groups than in the control group. These results suggest that vitamins K2, K3 and K5 exerted effective antitumor effects on CRC in vitro and in vivo by inducing caspase-dependent apoptotic death of tumor cells, suggesting that these K vitamins may be promising agents for the treatment of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
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Yamamoto A, Watanabe H, Sueki H, Nakanishi T, Yasuhara H, Iijima M. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor PTK787/ZK 222584 inhibits both the induction and elicitation phases of contact hypersensitivity. J Dermatol 2007; 34:419-29. [PMID: 17584317 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2007.00304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its endothelial cell receptors (VEGFR) have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) reaction. Previous studies have demonstrated that anti-VEGFR-2 antibody significantly suppresses the elicitation phase of CHS but does not affect the induction phase. PTK787/ZK 222584 (1-[4-chloroanilino]-4-[4-pyridylmethyl] phthalazine succinate; PTK/ZK) is a potent inhibitor of VEGFR tyrosine kinases. To test the effect of PTK/ZK on the induction and elicitation phases of CHS separately, we used an established method of CHS assay-sensitization and challenge in BALB/c mice. Either 50 mg/kg/day PTK/ZK or vehicle serving as a control was administered orally in the induction or elicitation phases separately. In the afferent phase, flow cytometry of skin-draining lymph node cells revealed that the migration of Langerhans cells was suppressed in the mice treated with PTK/ZK at sensitization. The degrees of ear swelling at 24 and 48 h were significantly diminished in mice treated with PTK/ZK at sensitization (P < 0.05). In the efferent phase, the degrees of ear swelling at 24 h (P < 0.01) and 48 h (P < 0.05), ear blood flow at 24 and 48 h (P < 0.01), and production of VEGF in the epidermis at 24 h (P < 0.05) were significantly suppressed in mice treated with PTK/ZK at elicitation. These findings and previous demonstrations suggest that both VEGF R-1 and VEGF R-2 are needed during the induction phase, and that VEGFR-2 has a pivotal role in the elicitation phase of the CHS reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisaku Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Morales A, Gonzalez M, Marin R, Diaz M, Alonso R. Estrogen inhibition of norepinephrine responsiveness is initiated at the plasma membrane of GnRH-producing GT1-7 cells. J Endocrinol 2007; 194:193-200. [PMID: 17592033 DOI: 10.1677/joe-06-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The modulatory action of estradiol (E2) on the GnRH network can be exerted indirectly on presynaptic neurons or directly on estrogen receptors (ERs) located within GnRH hypothalamic neurons. Using the GnRH-producing GT1-7 cell line, we have investigated whether E2 is able to modify the response of these cells to norepinephrine (NE) stimulation. A 48-h exposure of GT1-7 cells to 10 nM E2 reduced NE-induced cAMP accumulation. However, 15-min exposure was enough to induce this inhibitory action, provided that a hormone-free period of 48 h after steroid treatment was allowed. Furthermore, this effect was mimicked by E2 coupled to (E-BSA), indicating that it may be exerted through a membrane-mediated mechanism. In addition, competition experiments using E-BSA coupled to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) revealed the presence of cell membrane-binding sites for E2. Binding of E-BSA coupled to FITC was blocked by preincubation of cells with either E2, antiestrogen ICI 182 780, or tamoxifen. Moreover, fluorescence staining of non-permeabilized cells with antibodies against receptors alpha and beta confirmed the presence of both receptor subtypes at the cell membrane. To determine the nature of the ER involved in this response, specific agonists for ERalpha 4,4',4''-(4-propyl-[1H]pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)tris-phenol (PPT) and ERbeta 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN) were used. Since PPT, but not DPN, reproduced the effect of E2, it is suggested that estrogen-induced modulatory action on NE responsiveness was mediated by the ERalpha isoform. Taken together, these results indicate that E2 modulates the adrenergic sensitivity of GT1-7 cells by a mechanism compatible with the activation of membrane-associated ERs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Morales
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to ascertain the folate receptor (FR) targetability by an in vitro study and to acquire FR-targeted images in vivo models by using synthetic folate conjugates. PEG-folate was synthesized and labeled with (99m)Tc and fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC). Cell uptake studies were carried out in KB cells (FR-positive) and A549 cells (FR-negative) using FITC- and the (99m)Tc-labeled conjugates. The radiolabeled conjugate was intravenously injected to KB tumor xenografted mice. After it was injected, gamma images were recorded at 30 min, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hr. Cell uptake studies showed a difference between the KB cells and the A549 cells by flow cytometry analysis and gamma counting. On in vivo images, the tumor-to-normal muscle ratio was greater than 4. It ascertained that the PEG-folate conjugate specifically binds to the FR expressed on tumor cells in vitro. Moreover, it was possible to acquire the FR-targeted gamma images using PEG-folate conjugates in tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Lim Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hwan-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Chang-Moon Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyoung Kwon
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Sohn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
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Stieger SM, Caskey CF, Adamson RH, Qin S, Curry FRE, Wisner ER, Ferrara KW. Enhancement of vascular permeability with low-frequency contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the chorioallantoic membrane model. Radiology 2007; 243:112-21. [PMID: 17392250 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2431060167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the effect of low-frequency contrast material-enhanced ultrasound on the vascular endothelium and to determine the parameters and techniques required to deliver a therapeutic agent by using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS All in vivo animal procedures were conducted with institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval. Extravasation of 8.5-nm-diameter fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran was evaluated in the vasculature of a chick CAM model. Intravital microscopy was performed during contrast-enhanced ultrasound exposure (1.00 or 2.25 MHz); results were compared with results of electron microscopy of the insonated regions. Data acquired after insonation with greater mechanical stress (n = 30 animals) (mechanical index [MI] > 1.3) and with lower mechanical stress (n = 86 animals) (MI < 1.13) were compared with measurements in control conditions (n = 46 animals). The diameter of affected vessels; number of extravasation sites; extravasation rate, area, and location; and changes in endothelial cells and basement membrane were evaluated. Differences were tested with analysis of variance or the Student t test. RESULTS After ultrasound application, convective transport of the model drug was observed through micron-sized openings with a mean fluid velocity of 188.6 microm/sec in the low-stress class and 362.5 microm/sec in the high-stress class. Electron microscopy revealed micron-sized focal endothelial gaps and disseminated blebs, vacuoles, and filopodia extending across tens of microns. The threshold pressure for extravasation was 0.5 MPa for a transmitted center frequency of 1.00 MHz (MI = 0.5) and 1.6 MPa for a frequency of 2.25 MHz (MI = 1.06); thus, the frequency dependence of the threshold was not predicted simply by the MI. CONCLUSION Low-frequency contrast-enhanced ultrasound can increase vascular permeability and result in convective extravasation of an 8.5-nm-diameter model drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M Stieger
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Mirza S, Muthana M, Fairburn B, Slack LK, Hopkinson K, Pockley AG. The stress protein gp96 is not an activator of resting rat bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, but is a costimulator and activator of CD3+ T cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2007; 11:364-78. [PMID: 17278885 PMCID: PMC1712683 DOI: 10.1379/csc-208.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although low doses of tumor-derived stress protein gp96 elicit protective immunity to the tumor from which it is isolated, protection is lost at high doses because of the induction of immunoregulatory CD4+ T cells. This study evaluated the influence of gp96 on resting rat bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and purified CD3+ T cells. In contrast to previous reports, gp96 had no effect on adhesion and costimulatory molecule expression by BMDCs, nor did it influence interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-12 secretion or their allostimulatory capacity. Gp96 did not bind to BMDCs but dose-dependently bound to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. At low concentrations (1 and 25 microg/mL), gp96 acted as a costimulator of CD3+ T cells, inducing proliferation and the secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma- and IL-10. Gp96 also increased the proliferation of CD28-costimulated CD3+ T cells and their secretion of IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10. Gp96 had no effect at higher concentrations (50 and 100 microg/mL), despite the occurrence of cell surface binding at these concentrations. These findings indicate that gp96 can act as a costimulatory molecule for CD3+ T cells, and an observed increase in the IL-10: IFN-gamma secretion ratio induced by gp96 suggests that it might, at appropriate concentrations, promote a regulatory T-helper 2 (Th2)-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Mirza
- Immunobiology Research Unit, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (University of Sheffield), L Floor, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
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Hawkins KR, Steedman MR, Baldwin RR, Fu E, Ghosal S, Yager P. A method for characterizing adsorption of flowing solutes to microfluidic device surfaces. Lab Chip 2007; 7:281-5. [PMID: 17268632 DOI: 10.1039/b612894g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a method for characterizing the adsorption of solutes in microfluidic devices that is sensitive to both long-lived and transient adsorption and can be applied to a variety of realistic device materials, designs, fabrication methods, and operational parameters. We have characterized the adsorption of two highly adsorbing molecules (FITC-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) and rhodamine B) and compared these results to two low adsorbing species of similar molecular weights (FITC-labeled dextran and fluorescein). We have also validated our method by demonstrating that two well-known non-fouling strategies [deposition of the polyethylene oxide (PEO)-like surface coating created by radio-frequency glow discharge plasma deposition (RF-GDPD) of tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (tetraglyme, CH(3)O(CH(2)CH(2)O)(4)CH(3)), and blocking with unlabeled BSA] eliminate the characteristic BSA adsorption behavior observed otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Hawkins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Campbell K, Groisman A. Generation of complex concentration profiles in microchannels in a logarithmically small number of steps. Lab Chip 2007; 7:264-72. [PMID: 17268630 DOI: 10.1039/b610011b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe the principles of design and the architecture of planar microfluidic networks producing concentration gradients with the shape of any given monotonic function. Each microfluidic network is fed by two separate source solutions and delivers to its outlet a set of N solutions that all differ in concentration. Inside the network, the source solutions flow through a series of k = log(2)(N-1) stages, where they are repeatedly split and mixed. Streams of the solutions emerging from the network are combined to create a single stream with the desired shape of the concentration profile across the direction of flow. To demonstrate the functionality of the proposed architecture, we have built and tested three networks with k = 4 and N = 17 that generate an exponential concentration profile, a linear profile, and a profile with a shape of two fused branches of a parabola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Campbell
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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