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Schauer A, Flintham L, Dütschler S, Hehl J, Kropf C, Straub L. Thiamethoxam reduces fitness of the painted lady butterfly, Vanessa cardui. CHEMOSPHERE 2025; 382:144479. [PMID: 40409173 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2025] [Revised: 04/03/2025] [Accepted: 05/06/2025] [Indexed: 05/25/2025]
Abstract
The recently reported insect declines are concerning due to their critical role in ecosystem functionality and human food security. There is consensus that widespread environmental pollution is a critical underlying factor. Mounting data suggest that neonicotinoid insecticides can have detrimental effects on pollinating insects. However, whether these chemicals affect lepidopteran fitness remains poorly understood. Here, we show that exposure to neonicotinoid contaminated feed can reduce fitness in painted lady butterflies, Vanessa cardui. In the laboratory, larvae and adults were chronically exposed to three environmentally relevant concentrations of thiamethoxam (0.1, 1.0 and 10 ppb), representative of residue levels commonly detected in foliage and nectar. Then, lethal (survival) and sublethal (consumption, developmental time, pupal and adult mass, oviposition and egg hatching rates) parameters were assessed and used to model population growth. Although survival was unaffected, thiamethoxam exposure significantly increased pupal mass, adult consumption, male adult mass and developmental time. Further, viable offspring were reduced by 75 % at the highest tested concentration (10 ppb). Despite the absence of lethal effects, our data demonstrate significant sublethal impacts of thiamethoxam on fitness, providing a plausible mechanistic explanation for ongoing insect population declines. These findings highlight the urgent need to integrate fitness-relevant traits into ecotoxicological assessments to accurately assess the potential risks of agrochemical pollution to insects and the broader environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Schauer
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Lewis Flintham
- Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Darwin Building, 99-105 Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, United Kingdom; Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Bourne and Wolfson Laboratories, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Dütschler
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Hehl
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Kropf
- Natural History Museum Bern, Department of Invertebrates, Bernastrasse 15, CH-3005, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lars Straub
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Bourne and Wolfson Laboratories, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
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2
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Christian M, Kraft M, Wilknitz P, Nowotny M, Schöneich S. Flupyradifurone, imidacloprid and clothianidin disrupt the auditory processing in the locust CNS. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2025; 211:311-325. [PMID: 39939492 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-025-01735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2025] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 02/14/2025]
Abstract
Since the EU banned classic neonicotinoids like imidacloprid and clothianidin, they may be replaced by more recently marketed insecticides such as flupyradifurone. However, they all operate on the same neuropharmacological principle as selective agonists at the insect's nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Here we investigated the impact of flupyradifurone, imidacloprid and clothianidin on the neuronal processing in the auditory pathway of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. While stepwise increasing the insecticide concentration in the haemolymph, we extracellularly recorded the spike responses of auditory afferents in the tympanal nerve and of auditory interneurons in the neck connectives. All three insecticides showed a very similar dose-dependent suppression of spike responses in the auditory interneurons ascending towards the brain, whereas the spike responses in the sensory neurons of the ears appeared unaffected. Furthermore, by systematic injection experiments we demonstrate that insecticide dosages which already supress the information transfer in the auditory pathway are by far too low to induce the typical poisoning symptoms like trembling, spasms, and paralysis. We discuss how sublethal intoxication with classical neonicotinoids or functionally related insecticides like flupyradifurone may disrupt the postsynaptic balance between excitation and inhibition in the auditory pathway of locusts and other orthopteran insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Christian
- Institute for Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erbertstraße 1, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Michelle Kraft
- Institute for Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erbertstraße 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Paul Wilknitz
- Institute for Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erbertstraße 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Manuela Nowotny
- Institute for Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erbertstraße 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Schöneich
- Institute for Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erbertstraße 1, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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3
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Derstine N, Murray C, Purnell FS, Amsalem E. Sublethal pesticide exposure decreases mating and disrupts chemical signaling in a beneficial pollinator. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2025; 970:179005. [PMID: 40054238 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2025] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 03/17/2025]
Abstract
Pesticides provide vital protection against insect pests and the diseases they vector but are simultaneously implicated in the drastic worldwide decline of beneficial insect populations. Convincing evidence suggests that even sublethal pesticide exposure has detrimental effects on both individual- and colony-level traits, but the mechanisms mediating these effects remained poorly understood. Here, we use bumble bees to examine how sublethal exposure to pesticides affects mating, a key life history event shared by nearly all insects, and whether these impacts are mediated via impaired sexual communication. In insects, mate location and copulation are primarily regulated through chemical signals and rely on both the production and perception of semiochemicals. We show through behavioral bioassays that mating success is reduced in bumble bee gynes after exposure to field-relevant sublethal doses of imidacloprid, and that this effect is likely mediated through a disruption of both the production and perception of semiochemicals. Semiochemical production was altered in gyne and male cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), but not in exocrine glands where sex pheromones are presumably produced (i.e., gyne mandibular glands and male labial glands). Male responsiveness to gyne mandibular gland secretion was reduced, but not the queen responsiveness to the male labial secretion. In addition, pesticide exposure reduced queen fat body lipid stores and male sperm quality. Overall, the exposure to imidacloprid affected the fitness and CHCs of both sexes and the antennal responses of males to gynes. Together, our findings identify disruption of chemical signaling as the mechanism through which sublethal pesticide exposure reduces mating success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Derstine
- Department of Entomology, Center for Chemical Ecology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Cameron Murray
- Department of Entomology, Center for Chemical Ecology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Freddy S Purnell
- Department of Entomology, Center for Chemical Ecology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Etya Amsalem
- Department of Entomology, Center for Chemical Ecology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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4
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Schöfer N, Saxinger N, Braumandl K, Ruther J. Four Neurotoxic Insecticides Impair Partner and Host Finding in the Parasitoid Leptopilina heterotoma and Bioactive Doses Can Be Taken up Via the Host. J Chem Ecol 2025; 51:14. [PMID: 39880987 PMCID: PMC11779754 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-025-01554-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2024] [Revised: 12/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2025]
Abstract
In modern agriculture, control of insect pests is achieved by using insecticides that can also have lethal and sublethal effects on beneficial non-target organisms. Here, we investigate acute toxicity and sublethal effects of four insecticides on the males' sex pheromone response and the female host finding ability of the Drosophila parasitoid Leptopilina heterotoma. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists acetamiprid, flupyradifurone and sulfoxaflor, as well as the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor dimethoate were applied topically as acetone solutions. Males treated with all four insecticides no longer preferred the female sex pheromone in a T-olfactometer. Duration of wing fanning, an element of the pheromone-mediated male courtship behavior, was also reduced by all four insecticides. The ability of females to orientate towards host-infested feeding substrate was not affected by acetamiprid in the tested dose range. However, treatment with dimethoate, flupyradifurone and sulfoxaflor resulted in the loss of the females' preference for host odor. At the lowest doses interfering with olfactory abilities of L. heterotoma in this study (acetamiprid: 0.21 ng, dimethoate: 0.105 ng, flupyradifurone: 2.1 ng and sulfoxaflor: 0.21 ng), ≥ 90% of the wasps survive insecticide treatment. Male pheromone responses and female host finding were also disturbed in those L. heterotoma that had developed in D. melanogaster larvae reared on dimethoate-treated feeding medium at sublethal levels. Hence, doses of this insecticide sufficient to interfere with chemical orientation of L. heterotoma can be taken up by the parasitoid via the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schöfer
- Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Saxinger
- Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Braumandl
- Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Ruther
- Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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5
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Boff S, Olberz S, Gülsoy İG, Preuß M, Raizer J, Ayasse M. Conventional agriculture affects sex communication and impacts local population size in a wild bee. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176319. [PMID: 39293767 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Man-made agricultural stressors have been identified to compromise the reproductive dynamics of bee populations within agricultural environments. With the aid of bee hotels, we explored the influence of conventional and organic farming systems on local population size and body traits of the mason bee, Osmia bicornis, in southern Germany. We further used a chemical ecology approach and bioassays to test whether farming management influence male pre-copulatory behaviors. We observed a positive relationship between the extent of organic agriculture in the landscape and both overall brood cell production and nesting frequency. Moreover, farming systems were found to influence body traits, with bees from organic sites being smaller in size and having a different cuticular hydrocarbon composition compared with those at conventional sites. Bioassays revealed that males were more sexually attracted to freeze-killed females from conventional sites compared with those from organic sites. Intriguingly, treating females from organic fields with synthetic semiochemicals enhanced their sexual attraction to levels comparable with females from conventional sites. Our findings shed light on the intricate interplay between farming practices and the reproductive behaviors of wild mason bees, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of these dynamics for effective conservation and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Boff
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Sara Olberz
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - İrem G Gülsoy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Marvin Preuß
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Josué Raizer
- Entomology and Biodiversity Conservation Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Manfred Ayasse
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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6
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Beringue A, Queffelec J, Le Lann C, Sulmon C. Sublethal pesticide exposure in non-target terrestrial ecosystems: From known effects on individuals to potential consequences on trophic interactions and network functioning. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 260:119620. [PMID: 39032619 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decades, the intensification of agriculture has resulted in an increasing use of pesticides, which has led to widespread contamination of non-target ecosystems in agricultural landscapes. Plants and arthropods inhabiting these systems are therefore chronically exposed to, at least, low levels of pesticides through direct pesticide drift, but also through the contamination of their nutrient sources (e.g. soil water or host/prey tissues). Pesticides (herbicides, acaricides/insecticides and fungicides) are chemical substances used to control pests, such as weeds, phytophagous arthropods and pathogenic microorganisms. These molecules are designed to disturb specific physiological mechanisms and induce mortality in targeted organisms. However, under sublethal exposure, pesticides also affect biological processes including metabolism, development, reproduction or inter-specific interactions even in organisms that do not possess the molecular target of the pesticide. Despite the broad current knowledge on sublethal effects of pesticides on organisms, their adverse effects on trophic interactions are less investigated, especially within terrestrial trophic networks. In this review, we provide an overview of the effects, both target and non-target, of sublethal exposures to pesticides on traits involved in trophic interactions between plants, phytophagous insects and their natural enemies. We also discuss how these effects may impact ecosystem functioning by analyzing studies investigating the responses of Plant-Phytophage-Natural enemy trophic networks to pesticides. Finally, we highlight the current challenges and research prospects in the understanding of the effects of pesticides on trophic interactions and networks in non-target terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Beringue
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], UMR, 6553, Rennes, France
| | | | - Cécile Le Lann
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], UMR, 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Cécile Sulmon
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], UMR, 6553, Rennes, France.
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7
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Yadav P, Borges RM. Oviposition decisions under environment-induced physiological stress in parasitoids. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 65:101240. [PMID: 39084490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Parasitoids constantly evaluate their environment to optimise oviposition host utilisation based on their life history parameters and host characteristics, including density. Any factors impairing chemosensory perception, learning and memory of oviposition decisions negatively impact fitness. In the Anthropocene, stressors, for example, elevated temperatures, Wolbachia infection (likely modulated by temperature), pesticides, light pollution and water deficits in plants that provide resources for parasitoid hosts, impact parasitoid oviposition. Such physiological stressors often induce superparasitism since parasitoids are unable to remember prior oviposition on hosts or cause impaired offspring sex ratio. While the effect of these stressors on parasitoid oviposition has been examined individually, their combined effects remain unexplored. Since parasitoids are exposed to these stressors simultaneously, future work must examine their cumulative impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renee M Borges
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bengaluru 560012, India.
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8
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Chen X, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Wang F, Wang J, Yao X, Imran M, Luo S. Imidacloprid reduces the mating success of males in bumblebees. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172525. [PMID: 38631635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Bumblebees play a vital role in both natural and agricultural environments, but there has been a noticeable decline in their populations. Pesticides, particularly neonicotinoids, are widely regarded as a substantial contributing factor to the decline in bumblebee populations, as evidenced by the detrimental impacts documented across many stages of their life cycle. Mating is vital for the population maintenance of bumblebees. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of research conducted on the effects of pesticides on the mating process. In this study, we individually examined the impact of imidacloprid on the mating behavior of bumblebee males and queens. A competitive mating experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect on the competitive prowess of male individuals and the mate selection behavior of female individuals. The study revealed that the mating rate of bumblebees exposed to a concentration of 10 ppb of imidacloprid was 3 %. This finding demonstrated a statistically significant impact when compared to the control group, which exhibited a mating rate of 58 % in the normal mating experiment. Furthermore, in the competitive mating experiment, we found that the competitive mating success rate of treated males (1 %) was significantly lower than that of untreated males (35 %). Hence, it provides evidence that neonicotinoid imidacloprid negatively affects bumblebee mating success and cautions us to protect bumblebees from pesticide exposure to prevent a severe impact on their populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Feiran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832061, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832061, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832061, China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Entomology, University of Poonch Rawalakot, AJK 12350, Pakistan
| | - Shudong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China; Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832061, China.
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9
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Tison L, Beaumelle L, Monceau K, Thiéry D. Transfer and bioaccumulation of pesticides in terrestrial arthropods and food webs: State of knowledge and perspectives for research. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142036. [PMID: 38615963 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Arthropods represent an entry point for pesticide transfers in terrestrial food webs, and pesticide accumulation in upper chain organisms, such as predators can have cascading consequences on ecosystems. However, the mechanisms driving pesticide transfer and bioaccumulation in food webs remain poorly understood. Here we review the literature on pesticide transfers mediated by terrestrial arthropods in food webs. The transfer of pesticides and their potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification are related to the chemical properties and toxicokinetic of the substances, the resistance and detoxification abilities of the contaminated organisms, as well as by their effects on organisms' life history traits. We further identify four critical areas in which knowledge gain would improve future predictions of pesticides impacts on terrestrial food webs. First, efforts should be made regarding the effects of co-formulants and pesticides mixtures that are currently understudied. Second, progress in the sensitivity of analytical methods would allow the detection of low concentrations of pesticides in small individual arthropods. Quantifying pesticides in arthropods preys, their predators, and arthropods or vertebrates at higher trophic level would bring crucial insights into the bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential of pesticides in real-world terrestrial food webs. Finally, quantifying the influence of the trophic structure and complexity of communities on the transfer of pesticides could address several important sources of variability in bioaccumulation and biomagnification across species and food webs. This narrative review will inspire future studies aiming to quantify pesticide transfers in terrestrial food webs to better capture their ecological consequences in natural and cultivated landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Tison
- INRAE, UMR1065 SAVE, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France; Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1366, OENO, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| | - Léa Beaumelle
- INRAE, UMR1065 SAVE, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France; CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Karine Monceau
- UMR CNRS 7372 CEBC - La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Denis Thiéry
- INRAE, UMR1065 SAVE, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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10
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Boff S, Ayasse M. Exposure to sublethal concentration of flupyradifurone alters sexual behavior and cuticular hydrocarbon profile in Heriades truncorum, an oligolectic solitary bee. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:859-869. [PMID: 37602924 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The aboveground oligolectic bee, Heriades truncorum, is a particularly good model for studying the impact of pesticides on sexual communication, since some aspects of its mating behavior have previously been described. We have tested (1) the interference of the pesticide flupyradifurone on male precopulatory behavior and male mating partner preferences, (2) the way that the pesticide interferes in male quality assessment by the female, and (3) the effects of the pesticide on the chemical compounds in the female cuticle. We exposed bees of both sexes to a sublethal concentration of flupyradifurone. Various behaviors were registered in a mating arena with two females (one unexposed and one exposed) and one male (either unexposed or exposed). Unexposed males were quicker to attempt to mate. Treatment also impacted precopulatory behavior and male quality assessment by females. Males approached unexposed females more quickly than insecticide-exposed ones. Females exposed to insecticide produced lower amounts of some cuticular hydrocarbons (sex pheromone candidates) and appeared less choosy than unexposed females. Our findings suggest that insecticide exposure affects sexual communication, playing a role both in male preference and in male quality assessment by the female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Boff
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Ayasse
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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11
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Planelló R, Aquilino M, Beaugeard L, Llorente L, Herrero Ó, Siaussat D, Lécureuil C. Unveiling Molecular Effects of the Secondary Metabolite 2-Dodecanone in the Model Hymenopteran Nasonia vitripennis. TOXICS 2024; 12:159. [PMID: 38393254 PMCID: PMC10892068 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, multiple studies have suggested that the secondary metabolites produced by plants against herbivorous insects could be used as biopesticides. However, as the molecular mechanism of action of these compounds remains unknown, it is difficult to predict how they would affect non-target insects; thus, their innocuity needs to be clarified. Here, we investigate, from the molecular level to the organism, the responses of a useful parasitic insect Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) being exposed at the pupae stage for 48 h (up to 6 days) to sublethal doses (5 µg/L and 500 µg/L) of 2-Dodecanone. 2-Dodecanone altered the gene expression of genes related to ecdysone-related pathways, biotransformation, and cell homeostasis. A significant induction of ecdysone response-genes (EcR, usp, E78, Hr4, Hr38) was detected, despite no significant differences in ecdysteroid levels. Regarding the cell homeostasis processes, the gene l(2)efl was differentially altered in both experimental conditions, and a dose-dependent induction of hex81 was observed. 2-Dodecanone also triggered an induction of Cyp6aQ5 activity. Finally, 2-Dodecanone exposure had a significant effect on neither development time, energy reserves, nor egg-laying capacity; no potential genotoxicity was detected. For the first time, this study shows evidence that 2-Dodecanone can modulate gene expression and interfere with the ecdysone signalling pathway in N. vitripennis. This could lead to potential endocrine alterations and highlight the suitability of this organism to improve our general understanding of the molecular effects of plant defences in insects. Our findings provide new insights into the toxicity of 2-Dodecanone that could potentially be explored in other species and under field conditions for plant protection and pest management as a means to reduce reliance on synthetic pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Planelló
- Molecular Entomology, Biomarkers and Environmental Stress Group, Faculty of Science, National Distance education University (UNED), 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain; (M.A.); (L.L.); (Ó.H.)
| | - Mónica Aquilino
- Molecular Entomology, Biomarkers and Environmental Stress Group, Faculty of Science, National Distance education University (UNED), 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain; (M.A.); (L.L.); (Ó.H.)
| | - Laureen Beaugeard
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte (IRBI), CNRS-Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France;
| | - Lola Llorente
- Molecular Entomology, Biomarkers and Environmental Stress Group, Faculty of Science, National Distance education University (UNED), 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain; (M.A.); (L.L.); (Ó.H.)
| | - Óscar Herrero
- Molecular Entomology, Biomarkers and Environmental Stress Group, Faculty of Science, National Distance education University (UNED), 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain; (M.A.); (L.L.); (Ó.H.)
| | - David Siaussat
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Charlotte Lécureuil
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte (IRBI), CNRS-Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France;
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12
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Shi W, Zhang Q, Sheng Y, Dong Z, Feng T, Zhang J, Yu L, Xu Z, Pang L, Chen J, Chen X, Huang J. Neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid induces chemosensory deficits in a nontarget parasitoid wasp. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168089. [PMID: 37879478 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pesticides are widely used to manage the population of arthropod pests. Their increasing use in agriculture has raised concerns about their harmful effects on nontarget organisms, particularly some beneficial insects such as parasitoid wasps. To assess the potential risk and ecological safety of chemical pesticides, it is necessary to understand their impacts on the physiology and behaviour of those important natural enemies of arthropod pests. Here, we applied the Drosophila parasitoid Leptopilina drosophilae as a study model to investigate the effects of sublethal doses of imidacloprid, a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide. Our results demonstrated the detrimental effects of imidacloprid on the host-searching behaviour of L. drosophilae females and the courtship behaviour of L. drosophilae males. Comparative transcriptome and functional analysis provided further insights into the potential mechanisms underlying the impaired behaviours, with the downregulated expression of certain chemoreception genes in both female and male exposed wasps. Our findings thus emphasize the importance of understanding the risks associated with the use of chemical pesticides and the need to develop more eco-friendly pest management strategies for a sustainable balance between chemical and biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Shi
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichao Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Sheng
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Feng
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longtao Yu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Xu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Pang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuexin Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Guangdong Lab for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Schöfer N, Ackermann J, Hoheneder J, Hofferberth J, Ruther J. Sublethal Effects of Four Insecticides Targeting Cholinergic Neurons on Partner and Host Finding in the Parasitic Wasp Nasonia vitripennis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2400-2411. [PMID: 37477474 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Lethal and sublethal effects of pesticides on nontarget organisms are one of the causes of the current decline of many insect species. However, research in the past decades has focused primarily on pollinators, although other beneficial nontarget organisms such as parasitic wasps may also be affected. We studied the sublethal effects of the four insecticides acetamiprid, dimethoate, flupyradifurone, and sulfoxaflor on pheromone-mediated sexual communication and olfactory host finding of the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis. All agents target cholinergic neurons, which are involved in the processing of chemical information by insects. We applied insecticide doses topically and tested the response of treated wasps to sex pheromones and host-associated chemical cues. In addition, we investigated the mating rate of insecticide-treated wasps. The pheromone response of females surviving insecticide treatment was disrupted by acetamiprid (≥0.63 ng), dimethoate (≥0.105 ng), and flupyradifurone (≥21 ng), whereas sulfoxaflor had no significant effects at the tested doses. Olfactory host finding was affected by all insecticides (acetamiprid ≥1.05 ng, dimethoate ≥0.105 ng, flupyradifurone ≥5.25 ng, sulfoxaflor ≥0.52 ng). Remarkably, females treated with ≥0.21 ng dimethoate even avoided host odor. The mating rate of treated N. vitripennis couples was decreased by acetamiprid (6.3 ng), flupyradifurone (≥2.63 ng), and sulfoxaflor (2.63 ng), whereas dimethoate showed only minor effects. Finally, we determined the amount of artificial nectar consumed by N. vitripennis females within 48 h. Considering this amount (∼2 µL) and the maximum concentrations of the insecticides reported in nectar, tested doses can be considered field-realistic. Our results suggest that exposure of parasitic wasps to field-realistic doses of insecticides targeting the cholinergic system reduces their effectiveness as natural enemies by impairing the olfactory sense. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2400-2411. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schöfer
- Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julian Ackermann
- Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julian Hoheneder
- Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Ruther
- Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Ju D, Liu YX, Liu X, Dewer Y, Mota-Sanchez D, Yang XQ. Exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin and abamectin drives sublethal and transgenerational effects on the development and reproduction of Cydia pomonella. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114581. [PMID: 36731179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The codling moth Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a major invasive pest of pome fruits and walnuts worldwide. Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and abamectin (AM) have been frequently used in C. pomonella control, but control of this pest is very difficult because shortly after hatching, larvae of this insect bore tunnels and hide inside host plant fruit. In this study, a simulated field spray bioassay method was developed against neonate larvae of C. pomonella and concentration-response bioassays were conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of the neonate larvae to LCT and AM. Exposure of neonate larvae to sublethal concentration (LC30) of LCT or AM significantly reduced the survival rate of larvae (4th and 5th instars), lowered the mean weight of larvae and pupae, and decreased the daily maximal number of eggs laid and the total number of eggs laid (fecundity) per female. The sublethal effects, including reduced body mass, mean fecundity and net reproductive rate, extended mean generation time, and shortened oviposition period, were also found in transgenerational offspring. Furthermore, the transgenerational maternal effects were more obvious for AM than LCT, in comparison to the control. Additionally, the estimated population size was decreased by exposure to LC30 of LCT and AM, and the observed reduction of fecundity and population size within and across generations was likely the result of the downregulation of the reproduction-related vitellogenin gene (CpVg) after exposure to LC30 of LCT and AM. These results provide a better understanding of the overall effects of LCT and AM on C. pomonella and the transgenerational effects which should be taken into consideration when using insecticides in order to control C. pomonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ju
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Phytotoxicity Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, 12618 Giza, Egypt
| | - David Mota-Sanchez
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Xue-Qing Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China.
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Moustafa MAM, Fouad EA, Ibrahim E, Erdei AL, Kárpáti Z, Fónagy A. The Comparative Toxicity, Biochemical and Physiological Impacts of Chlorantraniliprole and Indoxacarb on Mamestra brassicae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). TOXICS 2023; 11:212. [PMID: 36976977 PMCID: PMC10055103 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae, is a polyphagous pest that attacks several crops. Here, the sublethal and lethal effects of chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb were investigated on the developmental stages, detoxification enzymes, reproductive activity, calling behavior, peripheral physiology, and pheromone titer of M. brasssicae. Methods: To assess pesticide effects, the second instar larvae were maintained for 24 h on a semi-artificial diet containing insecticides at their LC10, LC30, and LC50 concentrations. RESULTS M. brassicae was more susceptible to chlorantraniliprole (LC50 = 0.35 mg/L) than indoxacarb (LC50 = 1.71 mg/L). A significantly increased developmental time was observed with both insecticides at all tested concentrations but decreases in pupation rate, pupal weight, and emergence were limited to the LC50 concentration. Reductions in both the total number of eggs laid per female and the egg viability were observed with both insecticides at their LC30 and LC50 concentrations. Both female calling activity and the sex pheromone (Z11-hexadecenyl acetate and hexadecenyl acetate) titer were significantly reduced by chlorantraniliprole in LC50 concentration. Antennal responses of female antennae to benzaldehyde and 3-octanone were significantly weaker than controls after exposure to the indoxocarb LC50 concentration. Significant reductions in the enzymatic activity of glutathione S-transferases, mixed-function oxidases, and carboxylesterases were observed in response to both insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moataz A. M. Moustafa
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Eman A. Fouad
- Department of Bioassay, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Emad Ibrahim
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Plant Virus and Vector Interactions, Crop Research Institute, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Laura Erdei
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network (ELKH), 1022 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23053 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Kárpáti
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network (ELKH), 1022 Budapest, Hungary
- Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Adrien Fónagy
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network (ELKH), 1022 Budapest, Hungary
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16
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Nagloo N, Rigosi E, O'Carroll DC. Acute and chronic toxicity of imidacloprid in the pollinator fly, Eristalis tenax L., assessed using a novel oral bioassay. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 251:114505. [PMID: 36646007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid neurotoxin that remains widely used worldwide and persists in the environment, resulting in chronic exposure to non-target insects. To accurately map dose-dependent effects of such exposure across taxa, toxicological assays need to assess relevant modes of exposure across indicator species. However, due to the difficulty of these experiments, contact bioassays are most frequently used to quantify dose. Here, we developed a novel naturalistic feeding bioassay to precisely measure imidacloprid ingestion and its toxicity for acute and chronic exposure in a dipteran, Eristalis tenax L., an important member of an under-represented pollinator group. Flies which ingested imidacloprid dosages lower than 12.1 ng/mg all showed consistent intake volumes and learned improved feeding efficiency over successive feeding sessions. In contrast, at doses of 12.1 ng/mg and higher flies showed a rapid onset of severe locomotive impairment which prevented them from completing the feeding task. Neither probability of survival nor severe locomotive impairment were significantly higher than the control group until doses of 1.43 ng/mg or higher were reached. We were unable to measure a median lethal dose for acute exposure (72 h) due to flies possessing a relatively high tolerance for imidacloprid. However, with chronic exposure (18 days), mortality went up and an LD50 of 0.41 ng/mg was estimated. Severe locomotive impairment (immobilisation) tended to occur earlier and at lower dosages than lethality, with ED50s of 7.82 ng/mg and 0.17 ng/mg for acute and chronic exposure, respectively. We conclude that adult Eristalis possess a much higher tolerance to this toxin than the honeybees that they mimic. The similarity of the LD50 to other dipterans such as the fruitfly and the housefly suggests that there may be a phylogenetic component to pesticide tolerance that merits further investigation. The absence of obvious adverse effects at sublethal dosages also underscores a need to develop better tools for quantifying animal behaviour to evaluate the impact of insecticides on foraging efficiency in economically important species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Rigosi
- Department of Biology Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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17
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Liégeois S, Delaunay M, Lécureuil C, Goubault M. Sublethal doses of pyriproxyfen stimulate reproduction and aggressive behavior in a non-target parasitoid wasp. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156880. [PMID: 35753446 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are commonly used to control populations of pests and disease vectors. However, they can have multiple unintended effects on non-target species. Assessing their impacts on the physiology and behavior of beneficial insects, such as biological control agents, is thus necessary to gain insight into the diversity and nature of such side effects. Here, we investigated the effect of sublethal doses of the endocrine disrupting insecticide pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone agonist, on females of the solitary ectoparasitoid Eupelmus vuilleti (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae). These parasitoid wasps can be used as biological control agents to control the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), that infests cowpea seeds, Vigna unguiculata (Fabacea). To do so, in addition to classical measures on female fecundity and survival, we focused on female behaviors that can have important consequences on female fitness and host exploitation. First, we showed that pyriproxyfen stimulated egg production without affecting female survival. Second, we observed that low doses of this insecticide had no effect on females' exploration and host discrimination ability but stimulated their aggressiveness when fighting for host access. Although a negative impact on other life-history traits cannot be ruled out at this point, these results showed low doses of pyriproxyfen can have unintended positive effects on ectoparasitoid E. vuilleti females, by enhancing at least temporarily their reproduction and host access in a situation of competition. Our work thus highlights the importance of studying the diversity of possible unintended sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Liégeois
- IRBI UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Manon Delaunay
- IRBI UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Charlotte Lécureuil
- IRBI UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Marlène Goubault
- IRBI UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France.
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Amaral Rocha ÉA, Silva RM, Rodrigues da Silva BK, Cruz CG, Fernandes FL. Fitness cost and reversion of resistance Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) to chlorpyrifos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113831. [PMID: 35809395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of fitness costs and insecticide resistance reversion has practical applications for improving resistance management approaches. The coffee leaf miner, Leucoptera coffeella, is one of the most important coffee pests worldwide. Chlorpyrifos is still used to control L. coffeella despite studies showing resistance in this pest. The current study investigated the fitness costs and reversion of resistance to chlorpyrifos in L. coffeella populations in coffee. The control failure of this insecticide was evaluated in 15 field populations. Selection of resistant and susceptible L. coffeella (G1-G10), with and without chlorpyrifos exposure, was evaluated. The following parameters were investigated: consumed leaf area, adult longevity, number of eggs per female, and egg viability. The present study showed control failures of chlorpyrifos and low (< 31-folds) to high levels (> 80-folds) of resistance in all field populations tested. The resistant population showed less fitness than the susceptible population. The fitness of the resistant population decreased significantly after 10 generations of chlorpyrifos selection. Specifically, the number of eggs per female, larvae hatched, and adult longevity were reduced by factors of 5, 2.3 and 3, respectively. Furthermore, the chlorpyrifos-resistant L. coffeella population consumed more than the susceptible population. Therefore, we concluded that non-exposing L. coffeella populations to chlorpyrifos insecticide leads to rapid reversion of resistance and susceptibility. In addition, resistant populations show reduced reproductive fitness and longevity, while consuming more, probably to meet greater metabolic demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érick Alcides Amaral Rocha
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Campus Rio Paranaíba, MG230, Km08, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais 38810-000, Brazil
| | - Ronald Machado Silva
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Campus Rio Paranaíba, MG230, Km08, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais 38810-000, Brazil
| | - Brenda Karina Rodrigues da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Campus Rio Paranaíba, MG230, Km08, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais 38810-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gustavo Cruz
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Campus Glória, Uberlândia 38410-337, Brazil
| | - Flávio Lemes Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Campus Rio Paranaíba, MG230, Km08, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais 38810-000, Brazil.
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19
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Wu SX, Chen Y, Lei Q, Peng YY, Jiang HB. Sublethal Dose of β-Cypermethrin Impairs the Olfaction of Bactrocera dorsalis by Suppressing the Expression of Chemosensory Genes. INSECTS 2022; 13:721. [PMID: 36005346 PMCID: PMC9409297 DOI: 10.3390/insects13080721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is one of the most destructive fruit insect pests. β-cypermethrin has been widely used in the orchard to control this major insect. Based on the resistance monitoring in 2011, B. dorsalis developed significant resistance against β-cypermethrin in fields. This indicated that the B. dorsalis has been exposed to sublethal concentrations of β-cypermethrin in the field for a long time. Thus, it is urgent to understand the sublethal effects of β-cypermethrin on this fly to guide the rational use of an insecticide. According to the olfactory preference assays and electroantennogram (EAG) recording, the B. dorsalis after β-cypermethrin exposure (LD30 = 10 ng/fly) severely decreased the ability to perceive the tested odorants. Moreover, we then performed quantitative real-time PCR and found the chemosensory genes including odorant receptor co-receptor (BdorORco) and ionotropic receptor co-receptors (BdorIRcos) were obviously suppressed. Our results demonstrated that the sublethal dose of β-cypermethrin impairs the olfaction of the pest insects by suppressing the expression of chemosensory genes (BdorORco and BdorIRcos), which expanded our knowledge of the sublethal effects of the pesticide on insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Xiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Quan Lei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hong-Bo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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20
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Michelangeli M, Martin JM, Pinter-Wollman N, Ioannou CC, McCallum ES, Bertram MG, Brodin T. Predicting the impacts of chemical pollutants on animal groups. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:789-802. [PMID: 35718586 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical pollution is among the fastest-growing agents of global change. Synthetic chemicals with diverse modes-of-action are being detected in the tissues of wildlife and pervade entire food webs. Although such pollutants can elicit a range of sublethal effects on individual organisms, research on how chemical pollutants affect animal groups is severely lacking. Here we synthesise research from two related, but largely segregated fields - ecotoxicology and behavioural ecology - to examine pathways by which chemical contaminants could disrupt processes that govern the emergence, self-organisation, and collective function of animal groups. Our review provides a roadmap for prioritising the study of chemical pollutants within the context of sociality and highlights important methodological advancements for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Michelangeli
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, Australia.
| | - Jake M Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, Australia
| | - Noa Pinter-Wollman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7246, USA
| | - Christos C Ioannou
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Erin S McCallum
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Michael G Bertram
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
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21
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Mehanna S, Issa MY, Hassan NH, Hussien AM, Ibrahim MA, Hassanen EI. Origanum majorana essential oil improves the rat’s sexual behavior and testicular oxidative damage induced by imidacloprid via modulating the steroidogenesis pathways. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1315-1326. [PMID: 36249946 PMCID: PMC9563047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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22
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Straub F, Kuppler J, Fellendorf M, Teuscher M, Vogt J, Ayasse M. Land-use stress alters cuticular chemical surface profile and morphology in the bumble bee Bombus lapidarius. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268474. [PMID: 35560000 PMCID: PMC9106155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollinators and other insects are currently undergoing a massive decline. Several stressors are thought to be of importance in this decline, with those having close relationships to agricultural management and practice seemingly playing key roles. In the present study, we sampled Bombus lapidarius L. workers in grasslands differing in their management intensity and management regime across three different regions along a north-south gradient in Germany. We analyzed the bees with regard to (1) their cuticular hydrocarbon profile (because of its important role in communication in social insects) and amount of scent by using gas chromatography and (2) the size of each individual by using wing distances as a proxy for body size. Our analysis revealed changes related to land-use intensity and temperature in the cuticular scent profile of bumble bees. Decreasing body size and increasing total scent amount were explained by an interaction of land-use intensity and study region, but not by land-use intensity alone. Thus, land-use intensity and temperature influence intracolonial communication and size, both of which can have strong effects on foraging. Land management and climate are therefore probably detrimental for colony maintenance and the reproductive success of bumble bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Straub
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jonas Kuppler
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Fellendorf
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Miriam Teuscher
- Chair for Terrestrial Ecology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Juliane Vogt
- Chair for Terrestrial Ecology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Natura 2000-Station Unstrut-Hainich/Eichsfeld, Hörselberg-Hainich, Germany
| | - Manfred Ayasse
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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23
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Boff S, Conrad T, Raizer J, Wehrhahn M, Bayer M, Friedel A, Theodorou P, Schmitt T, Lupi D. Low toxicity crop fungicide (fenbuconazole) impacts reproductive male quality signals leading to a reduction of mating success in a wild solitary bee. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Boff
- University of Würzburg, Biocentre Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Würzburg Germany
- University of Milan Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences Milan Italy
| | - Taina Conrad
- University of Bayreuth Department of Evolutionary Animal Ecology Bayreuth Germany
| | - Josué Raizer
- Federal University of Grande Dourados Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences Dourados Brazil
| | - Marten Wehrhahn
- University of Würzburg, Biocentre Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Würzburg Germany
| | - Melis Bayer
- Ludwig Maximillians University Department of Neurobiology Munich Germany
| | - Anna Friedel
- Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Institute of Biology, General Zoology Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Panagiotis Theodorou
- Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Institute of Biology, General Zoology Halle (Saale) Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- University of Würzburg, Biocentre Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Würzburg Germany
| | - Daniela Lupi
- University of Milan Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences Milan Italy
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Favaro R, Roved J, Haase A, Angeli S. Impact of Chronic Exposure to Two Neonicotinoids on Honey Bee Antennal Responses to Flower Volatiles and Pheromonal Compounds. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:821145. [PMID: 38468759 PMCID: PMC10926470 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2022.821145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Volatile compounds provide important olfactory cues for honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), which are essential for their ecology, behavior, and social communication. In the external environment bees locate food sources by the use of floral scents, while inside the hive, pheromones such as the queen mandibular pheromone (QMP) and alarm pheromones serve important functions in regulating colony life and inducing aggressive responses against intruders and parasites. Widely reported alterations of various behaviors in- and outside the hive following exposure to pesticides could therefore be associated with a disturbance of odor sensitivity. In the present study, we tested the effects of neonicotinoid pesticides at field concentrations on the ability of honey bees to perceive volatiles at the very periphery of the olfactory system. Bee colonies were subjected to treatments during the summer with either Imidacloprid or Thiacloprid at sublethal concentrations. Antennal responses to apple (Malus domestica L.) flower volatiles were studied by GC-coupled electro-antennographic detection (GC-EAD), and a range of volatiles, a substitute of the QMP, and the alarm pheromone 2-heptanone were tested by electroantennography (EAG). Short-term and long-term effects of the neonicotinoid treatments were investigated on bees collected in the autumn and again in the following spring. Treatment with Thiacloprid induced changes in antennal responses to specific flower VOCs, with differing short- and long-term effects. In the short term, increased antennal responses were observed for benzyl-alcohol and 1-hexanol, which are common flower volatiles but also constituents of the honey bee sting gland secretions. The treatment with Thiacloprid also affected antennal responses to the QMP and the mandibular alarm pheromone 2-heptanone. In the short term, a faster signal degeneration of the response signal to the positive control citral was recorded in the antennae of bees exposed to Thiacloprid or Imidacloprid. Finally, we observed season-related differences in the antennal responses to multiple VOCs. Altogether, our results suggest that volatile-specific alterations of antennal responses may contribute to explaining several behavioral changes previously observed in neonicotinoid-exposed bees. Treatment effects were generally more prominent in the short term, suggesting that adverse effects of neonicotinoid exposure may not persist across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Favaro
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Jacob Roved
- Section for Evolutionary Genomics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albrecht Haase
- Center for Mind/Brain Science (CIMeC), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Povo, Italy
| | - Sergio Angeli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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25
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Cronin AD, Smit JAH, Muñoz MI, Poirier A, Moran PA, Jerem P, Halfwerk W. A comprehensive overview of the effects of urbanisation on sexual selection and sexual traits. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1325-1345. [PMID: 35262266 PMCID: PMC9541148 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Urbanisation can affect mating opportunities and thereby alter inter- and intra-sexual selection pressures on sexual traits. Biotic and abiotic urban conditions can influence an individual's success in pre- and post-copulatory mating, for example through impacts on mate attraction and mate preference, fertilisation success, resource competition or rival interactions. Divergent sexual selection pressures can lead to differences in behavioural, physiological, morphological or life-history traits between urban and non-urban populations, ultimately driving adaptation and speciation. Most studies on urban sexual selection and mating interactions report differences between urban and non-urban populations or correlations between sexual traits and factors associated with increased urbanisation, such as pollution, food availability and risk of predation and parasitism. Here we review the literature on sexual selection and sexual traits in relation to urbanisation or urban-associated conditions. We provide an extensive list of abiotic and biotic factors that can influence processes involved in mating interactions, such as signal production and transmission, mate choice and mating opportunities. We discuss all relevant data through the lens of two, non-mutually exclusive theories on sexual selection, namely indicator and sensory models. Where possible, we indicate whether these models provide the same or different predictions regarding urban-adapted sexual signals and describe different experimental designs that can be useful for the different models as well as to investigate the drivers of sexual selection. We argue that we lack a good understanding of: (i) the factors driving urban sexual selection; (ii) whether reported changes in traits result in adaptive benefits; and (iii) whether these changes reflect a short-term ecological, or long-term evolutionary response. We highlight that urbanisation provides a unique opportunity to study the process and outcomes of sexual selection, but that this requires a highly integrative approach combining experimental and observational work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Cronin
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Judith A H Smit
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Matías I Muñoz
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Armand Poirier
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A Moran
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Jerem
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Halfwerk
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
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Straub L, Minnameyer A, Camenzind D, Kalbermatten I, Tosi S, Van Oystaeyen A, Wäckers F, Neumann P, Strobl V. Thiamethoxam as an inadvertent anti-aphrodisiac in male bees. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:36-45. [PMID: 34987978 PMCID: PMC8693414 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There is consensus that neonicotinoids can impact non-target animal fertility. Thiamethoxam reduced both mating success and sperm physiology in bumblebees. Queens mated by exposed males had 50% less total living sperm in their spermatheca. Thiamethoxam may act as anti-aphrodisiac, thereby limiting conservation efforts.
Sexual reproduction is common to almost all multi-cellular organisms and can be compromised by environmental pollution, thereby affecting entire populations. Even though there is consensus that neonicotinoid insecticides can impact non-target animal fertility, their possible impact on male mating success is currently unknown in bees. Here, we show that sublethal exposure to a neonicotinoid significantly reduces both mating success and sperm traits of male bumblebees. Sexually mature male Bombus terrestris exposed to a field-realistic concentration of thiamethoxam (20 ng g−1) or not (controls) were mated with virgin gynes in the laboratory. The results confirm sublethal negative effects of thiamethoxam on sperm quantity and viability. While the latency to mate was reduced, mating success was significantly impaired in thiamethoxam-exposed males by 32% probably due to female choice. Gynes mated by exposed males revealed impaired sperm traits compared to their respective controls, which may lead to severe constraints for colony fitness. Our laboratory findings demonstrate for the first time that neonicotinoid insecticides can negatively affect male mating success in bees. Given that holds true for the field, this provides a plausible mechanism contributing to declines of wild bee populations globally. The widespread prophylactic use of neonicotinoids may therefore have previously overlooked inadvertent anti-aphrodisiac effects on non-target animals, thereby limiting conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Straub
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Angela Minnameyer
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Domenic Camenzind
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Simone Tosi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Peter Neumann
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Verena Strobl
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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27
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Haas M, Baur H, Schweizer T, Monje JC, Moser M, Bigalk S, Krogmann L. Tiny wasps, huge diversity - A review of German Pteromalidae with new generic and species records (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e77092. [PMID: 34916873 PMCID: PMC8671368 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e77092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite their ecological and economic importance, hymenopteran parasitoids are severely understudied. Even in countries with a long taxonomic history such as Germany, dating back to the 18th century and including prolific figures like Christian Gottfired Nees von Esenbeck and Otto Schmiedeknecht, those species-rich groups are seldom the subject of comprehensive research efforts, leaving their true diversity unknown. This is often due to their small size of a few millimetres on average, leading to difficulties in their identification and examination. The chalcidoid family Pteromalidae is no exception to this neglect. So far, 735 species have been reported from Germany. Estimating the diversity of this group is not possible, but it has to be assumed that many more species are still to be discovered in Germany. New information With this study, we improve the knowledge on pteromalid diversity and present new records of 17 genera and 41 species, previously unknown to occur in Germany. We also match and describe previously unknown sexes of two species, based on DNA barcode data. The results of this study were generated as part of the German Barcode of Life Project. The newly-recorded species are illustrated and notes on the biology and distribution are given. The ecological significance of Pteromalidae and potential value as indicators for nature conservation efforts are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Haas
- Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany Entomology, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart Germany.,Systematic Entomology (190n), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Systematic Entomology (190n), University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany
| | - Hannes Baur
- Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum Bern, Bern, Switzerland Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum Bern Bern Switzerland.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Tanja Schweizer
- Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany Entomology, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart Germany
| | - Juan Carlos Monje
- Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany Entomology, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart Germany
| | - Marina Moser
- Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany Entomology, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart Germany.,Systematic Entomology (190n), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Systematic Entomology (190n), University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sonia Bigalk
- Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany Entomology, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart Germany
| | - Lars Krogmann
- Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany Entomology, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart Germany.,Systematic Entomology (190n), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Systematic Entomology (190n), University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany
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28
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Straub F, Orih IJ, Kimmich J, Ayasse M. Negative Effects of the Neonicotinoid Clothianidin on Foraging Behavior and Antennal Sensitivity in Two Common Pollinator Species, Osmia bicornis and Bombus terrestris. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.697355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect species richness and abundance has declined rapidly over the last few decades. Various stressors, such as the conversion of natural habitats, climate change, land-use intensification, agrochemicals and pathogens, are thought to be major factors in this decline. We treated female bees of two common pollinator species in Europe, Osmia bicornis and Bombus terrestris, with a field-realistic dose of the neonicotinoid clothianidin. We tested its effects on the foraging behavior of O. bicornis under semi-natural conditions and on the antennal sensitivity of both bee species to common floral volatiles by using electroantennography. Clothianidin negatively affected the foraging behavior in O. bicornis by decreasing the number of flowers visited per foraging flight and by increasing the time per flower visit and the searching time between two flowers. It also decreased the antennal sensitivity to 2-phenylethanol in the two bee species. Thus, clothianidin is clearly a threat for bees via its effects on their foraging behavior and antennal sensitivity and is hence probably detrimental for pollination and the reproductive success of bees.
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29
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Joncour B, Nelson WA. Sublethal concentration of insecticide amplifies interference competition in a tortrix moth. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 220:112324. [PMID: 34015630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are extensively used worldwide to kill insect pests, yet organisms are most often exposed to insecticides at sublethal concentrations. Our understanding of sublethal effects on life histories is needed to predict the impact of insecticides on population dynamics and improve insecticide use and pest control. Sublethal concentrations can impact life histories directly and indirectly through changes in the intraspecific competition. Yet, few studies have evaluated the sublethal effects on intraspecific competition and these do not disentangle the insecticide effects on interference competition versus exploitative competition. As such, sublethal effects on the relative contribution of each pathways in shaping life histories are largely unknown, despite the fact that this can impact population dynamics. In this study, we focused on the neurotoxic insecticide spinosad and investigated its sublethal effects on interference among the aggressive larvae of the tortrix moth Adoxophyes honmai and the consequences for life histories. We conducted a set of paired experiments to disentangle the insecticide effects on interference from the ones on exploitation. Spinosad was found to amplify interference with most effects on mortality which lets us suggest that the insecticide likely increases the level of aggressive interactions resulting in more conspecific killings (e.g. cannibalism). Spinosad exposure was found to impair movement ability. Less movements may increase susceptibility to conspecific attacks and or increase aggresivity for better defence, two plausible mechanisms that could explain the increase in interference with insecticide. This study shows that insecticide at sublethal concentration can impact life histories by altering the strength of interference competition. Many organisms (pest and non-target species) compete through interference and theory predicts that a change in interference can substantially change dynamics. Our finding therefore reveals the importance of assessing the effect of insecticides on the mechanisms of competition when predicting their impact on populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Joncour
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston K7L 3N6, ON, Canada.
| | - William A Nelson
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston K7L 3N6, ON, Canada
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30
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Rix RR, Cutler GC. Neonicotinoid Exposures that Stimulate Predatory Stink Bug, Podisus maculiventris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), Reproduction Do Not Inhibit Its Behavior. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:1575-1581. [PMID: 33974694 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to sublethal amounts of pesticide can compromise life-history traits and behavior of natural enemies thereby reducing their effectiveness as predators. However, sublethal exposures to pesticides and other stressors may also stimulate insects, a dose-response phenomenon known as hormesis. We previously reported stimulatory effects on reproduction in the beneficial insect predator Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) following exposure to sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid. Here we examined whether these same treatments stimulated behavior and/or predation of P. maculiventris. Stimulation of some behaviors occurred at a reproductively hormetic concentration and two additional sublethal concentrations, depending upon bioassay design and sex. We observed no substantial inhibition of behavior or predation at a reproductively hormetic concentration, demonstrating that reproductive fitness in P. maculiventris may be stimulated without compromising behaviors important in its effectiveness as a natural enemy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Rix
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, PO Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
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31
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Fortuin CC, McCarty E, Gandhi KJ. Acute contact with imidacloprid in soil affects the nesting and survival success of a solitary wild bee, Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128572. [PMID: 33065319 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We assessed impacts of direct acute contact with imidacloprid-treated soil on nesting behavior and mortality of the blue orchard mason bee (Osmia lignaria Say), which is a native solitary cavity-nesting species that collects mud for nest partitions. Laboratory-reared O. lignaria females were exposed to three concentrations of imidacloprid (0, 50, 390 and 780 ppb), in wet (30% moisture) soil for 20 min and released in large flight cages, where impacts on nesting activity and nest cell production were evaluated. Mortality was tested in another experiment using exposure at the same concentrations with two differing soil moisture levels (20% and 40%). Nesting activity was reduced by 42% for females exposed at 390 ppb and by 66% for females exposed at 780 ppb. Females treated at 780 ppb produced 40% fewer nest cells per day. Sex ratios of F1 generation were skewed toward male in the 50 ppb treatment group with 50% fewer females. The number of cells and pre-pupae per nest, as well as the weight of pre-pupal cocoons did not vary among exposure levels. There were no mortality effects at 20% soil moisture for any level of imidacloprid, but at 40%, mortality of females was >50% at all levels of imidacloprid. These results suggest that acute exposure to imidacloprid residue in soil can have negative impacts on soil-interacting bees, and the effects may be relative to the degree of soil moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Cairns Fortuin
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, 180 E Green Street, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Elizabeth McCarty
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, 180 E Green Street, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Kamal Jk Gandhi
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, 180 E Green Street, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Jatsch AS, Ruther J. Acetone application for administration of bioactive substances has no negative effects on longevity, fitness, and sexual communication in a parasitic wasp. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245698. [PMID: 33471848 PMCID: PMC7816986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of defined amounts of bioactive substances is a perseverative problem in physiological studies on insects. Apart from feeding and injection, topical application of solutions of the chemicals is most commonly used for this purpose. The solvents used should be non-toxic and have least possible effects on the studied parameters. Acetone is widely used for administration of chemical substances to insects, but possible side-effects of acetone application on fitness and behavioral parameters have been rarely investigated. Here we study the effects of acetone application (207 nl) on fitness and sexual communication in the parasitic wasp Nasonia giraulti Darling. Application of acetone had neither negative effects on longevity nor on offspring number and offspring sex ratio of treated wasps. Treatment of females hampered courtship and mating of N. giraulti couples neither directly after application nor one day after. Male sex pheromone titers were not influenced by acetone treatment. Three application examples demonstrate that topical acetone application is capable of bringing active amounts of insect hormones, neuromodulators, and biosynthetic precursors even in tiny insects. We advocate the use of acetone as a convenient, conservative, and broadly applicable vehicle for studying the effects of bioactive substances in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joachim Ruther
- Institute for Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Monticelli LS, Bishop J, Desneux N, Gurr GM, Jaworski CC, McLean AH, Thomine E, Vanbergen AJ. Multiple global change impacts on parasitism and biocontrol services in future agricultural landscapes. ADV ECOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Calvo-Agudo M, González-Cabrera J, Sadutto D, Picó Y, Urbaneja A, Dicke M, Tena A. IPM-recommended insecticides harm beneficial insects through contaminated honeydew. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115581. [PMID: 33254691 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of some systemic insecticides has been banned in Europe because they are toxic to beneficial insects when these feed on nectar. A recent study shows that systemic insecticides can also kill beneficial insects when they feed on honeydew. Honeydew is the sugar-rich excretion of hemipterans and is the most abundant carbohydrate source for beneficial insects such as pollinators and biological control agents in agroecosystems. Here, we investigated whether the toxicity of contaminated honeydew depends on i) the hemipteran species that excretes the honeydew; ii) the active ingredient, and iii) the beneficial insect that feeds on it. HPLC-MS/MS analyses demonstrated that the systemic insecticides pymetrozine and flonicamid, which are commonly used in Integrated Pest Management programs, were present in honeydew excreted by the mealybug Planococcus citri. However, only pymetrozine was detected in honeydew excreted by the whitefly Aleurothixus floccosus. Toxicological studies demonstrated that honeydew excreted by mealybugs feeding on trees treated either with flonicamid or pymetrozine increased the mortality of the hoverfly Sphaerophoria rueppellii, but did not affect the parasitic wasp Anagyrusvladimiri. Honeydew contaminated with flonicamid was more toxic for the hoverfly than that contaminated with pymetrozine. Collectively, our data demonstrate that systemic insecticides commonly used in IPM programs can contaminate honeydew and kill beneficial insects that feed on it, with their toxicity being dependent on the active ingredient and hemipteran species that excretes the honeydew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Calvo-Agudo
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Unidad Mixta Gestión Biotecnológica de Plagas UV-IVIA, Carretera CV-315, Km 10,7, 46113, Moncada, Spain; Wageningen University, Laboratory of Entomology, PO Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Joel González-Cabrera
- Universitat de València, Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI-BIOTECMED), Unidad Mixta Gestión Biotecnológica de Plagas UV-IVIA, Dr Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Daniele Sadutto
- Universitat de València, Centre of Research on Desertification (CIDE, CSIC-GV-UV), Carretera CV-315, Km 10,7, 46113, Moncada, Spain
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Universitat de València, Centre of Research on Desertification (CIDE, CSIC-GV-UV), Carretera CV-315, Km 10,7, 46113, Moncada, Spain
| | - Alberto Urbaneja
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Unidad Mixta Gestión Biotecnológica de Plagas UV-IVIA, Carretera CV-315, Km 10,7, 46113, Moncada, Spain
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Entomology, PO Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Tena
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Unidad Mixta Gestión Biotecnológica de Plagas UV-IVIA, Carretera CV-315, Km 10,7, 46113, Moncada, Spain
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Kobiela ME, Snell-Rood EC. Genetic Variation Influences Tolerance to a Neonicotinoid Insecticide in 3 Butterfly Species. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:2228-2236. [PMID: 32776572 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid pesticides harm nontarget insects, but their sublethal effects on butterflies are understudied. We exposed larvae of 3 butterfly species (Pieris rapae, Colias philodice, and Danaus plexippus) to low levels of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid in their host plants and followed individuals to adulthood. Imidacloprid altered adult body size, especially in female monarchs, but its effects varied across maternal families, highlighting the importance of considering genetic variation in ecotoxicological testing. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2228-2236. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Kobiela
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Emilie C Snell-Rood
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Choudhury RA, Sutherland AM, Hengel MJ, Parrella MP, Gubler WD. Imidacloprid Movement into Fungal Conidia Is Lethal to Mycophagous Beetles. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11080496. [PMID: 32756374 PMCID: PMC7469163 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Some insects are beneficial to plants because they eat pest insects and disease-causing fungi; integrating the use of these insects into pest management can help to reduce the need for costly pesticide applications. Twenty-spotted ladybeetles eat plant pathogenic fungi, which helps to reduce disease severity for many economically important crops. In this study, we applied a systemic insecticide to the roots of pumpkin plants and monitored to see if it would be detectable in the spores of a plant pathogenic fungus and whether the insecticide-tainted fungal spores would hurt the ladybeetle larvae. We were able to chemically detect the systemic insecticide in the fungal spores up to 21 days after the plants had been treated with the fungus. We found that the ladybeetles raised on infected plants that had been treated with the systemic insecticide died more rapidly that ladybeetles that had been raised on uninfected or untreated plants. This study is the first to show that systemic insecticides can move from the roots of a plant, into a plant pathogenic fungus, and then have negative effects on a fungus-eating insect. It suggests that growers and land managers need to carefully consider the unintended consequences of insecticide applications. Abstract Applications of systemic pesticides can have unexpected direct and indirect effects on nontarget organisms, producing ecosystem-level impacts. We investigated whether a systemic insecticide (imidacloprid) could be absorbed by a plant pathogenic fungus infecting treated plants and whether the absorbed levels were high enough to have detrimental effects on the survival of a mycophagous beetle. Beetle larvae fed on these fungi were used to assess the survival effects of powdery mildew and imidacloprid in a factorial design. Fungal conidia were collected from treated and untreated plants and were tested for the presence and concentration of imidacloprid. The survival of beetles fed powdery mildew from imidacloprid-treated leaves was significantly lower than that of the beetles from all other treatments. Imidacloprid accumulated in fungal conidia and hyphae was detected at levels considered lethal to other insects, including coccinellid beetles. Water-soluble systemic insecticides may disrupt mycophagous insects as well as other nontarget organisms, with significant implications for biodiversity and ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A. Choudhury
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Andrew M. Sutherland
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Alameda County, Hayward, CA 94544, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Matt J. Hengel
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Michael P. Parrella
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - W. Douglas Gubler
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
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Korenko S, Sýkora J, Řezáč M, Heneberg P. Neonicotinoids suppress contact chemoreception in a common farmland spider. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7019. [PMID: 32341403 PMCID: PMC7184746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63955-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides are increasingly recognized for their role as information disruptors by modifying the chemical communication system of insects and therefore decreasing the chances of reproduction in target insects. However, data from spiders are lacking. In the present study, we tested the responses of males of a common agrobiont spider, Pardosa agrestis, to the application of field-realistic concentration of acetamiprid, which was formulated as Mospilan, and trace amounts of thiacloprid, which was formulated as Biscaya. We applied fresh or 24-h-old residues of Mospilan or Biscaya to the males just prior to the experiment or treated only the surface of a tunnel containing female draglines. We evaluated the ability of the males to recognize female cues from female dragline silk in a Y-maze. The field-realistic, sublethal doses of Mospilan altered pheromone-guided behavior. The choice of the tunnel with female draglines by males was hampered by tarsal treatment of the males with 24 h-old residues of Mospilan. The mating dance display was commonly initiated in control males that came into contact with female draglines and was suppressed by the Mospilan treatments in all three experimental settings. Some males only initiated the mating dance but did not manage to complete it; this was particularly true for males that were treated tarsally with fresh Mospilan residues, as none of these males managed to complete the mating dance. All three experimental settings with Mospilan decreased the frequency of males that managed to both select the tunnel with female draglines and complete the mating dance. The responses to the low-dose Biscaya were much milder and the study was not sufficiently powered to confirm the effects of Biscaya; however, the surprisingly observed trends in responses to very low Biscaya concentrations call for further analyses of long-term effects of trace amounts of neonicotinoids on the pheromone-guided behavior of spiders. These are the first conclusive data regarding the effects of commercially available formulations of neonicotinoid insecticides on the intraspecific chemical communication of spiders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Korenko
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Sýkora
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Řezáč
- Crop Research Institute, Biodiversity Lab, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Heneberg
- Crop Research Institute, Biodiversity Lab, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Jones AG, Hoover K, Pearsons K, Tooker JF, Felton GW. Potential Impacts of Translocation of Neonicotinoid Insecticides to Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum (Malvales: Malvaceae)) Extrafloral Nectar on Parasitoids. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:159-168. [PMID: 31880775 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid seed treatments are frequently used in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. [Malvales: Malvaceae]) production to provide protection against early-season herbivory. However, there is little known about how these applications affect extrafloral nectar (EFN), an important food resource for arthropod natural enemies. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we found that neonicotinoids were translocated to the EFN of clothianidin- and imidacloprid-treated, greenhouse-grown cotton plants at concentrations of 77.3 ± 17.3 and 122.6 ± 11.5 ppb, respectively. We did not find differences in the quantity of EFN produced by neonicotinoid-treated cotton plants compared to untreated controls, either constitutively or after mechanical damage. Metabolomic analysis of sugars and amino acids from treated and untreated plants did not detect differences in overall composition of EFN. In bioassays, female Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoid wasps that fed on EFN from untreated, clothianidin-treated, or imidacloprid-treated plants demonstrated no difference in mortality or parasitization success. We also conducted acute toxicity assays for C. marginiventris fed on honey spiked with clothianidin and imidacloprid and established LC50 values for male and female wasps. Although LC50 values were substantially higher than neonicotinoid concentrations detected in EFN, caution should be used when translating these results to the field where other stressors could alter the effects of neonicotinoids. Moreover, there are a wide range of possible sublethal impacts of neonicotinoids, none of which were explored here. Our results suggest that EFN is a potential route of exposure of neonicotinoids to beneficial insects and that further field-based studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher G Jones
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Kelli Hoover
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Kirsten Pearsons
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - John F Tooker
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Gary W Felton
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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Young HK, Denecke SM, Robin C, Fournier-Level A. Sublethal larval exposure to imidacloprid impacts adult behaviour in Drosophila melanogaster. J Evol Biol 2019; 33:151-164. [PMID: 31637792 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are now chronically found in numerous ecosystems incurring widespread toxic effects on multiple organisms. For insects, the larvae are very exposed to pesticide pollution and the acute effect of insecticides on larvae has been characterized in a range of species. However, the carry-on effects in adults of sublethal exposure occurring in larvae are not well characterized. Here, we use a collection of strains of Drosophila melanogaster differing in their larval resistance to a commonly used insecticide, imidacloprid, and we test the effect of larval exposure on behavioural traits at the adult stage. Focusing on locomotor activity and on courtship and mating behaviour, we observed a significant carry-on effect of imidacloprid exposure. The heritability of activity traits measured in flies exposed to imidacloprid was higher than measured in controls and in these, courtship traits were genetically less correlated from mating success. Altogether, we did not observe a significant effect of the larval insecticide resistance status on adult behavioural traits, suggesting that selection for resistance in larvae does not involve repeatable behavioural changes in adults. This lack of correlation between larval resistance and adult behaviour also suggests that resistance at the larval stage does not necessarily result in increased behavioural resilience at a later life stage. These findings imply that selection for resistance in larvae as well as for behavioural resilience to sublethal exposure in adult will combine and impose a greater evolutionary constraint. Our conclusions further substantiate the need to encompass multiple trait measures and life stages in toxicological assays to properly assess the environmental impact of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Young
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Shane M Denecke
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Charles Robin
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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Ferdenache M, Bezzar-Bendjazia R, Marion-Poll F, Kilani-Morakchi S. Transgenerational effects from single larval exposure to azadirachtin on life history and behavior traits of Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17015. [PMID: 31745147 PMCID: PMC6863814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Azadirachtin is one of the successful botanical pesticides in agricultural use with a broad-spectrum insecticide activity, but its possible transgenerational effects have not been under much scrutiny. The effects of sublethal doses of azadirachtin on life-table traits and oviposition behaviour of a model organism in toxicological studies, D. melanogaster, were evaluated. The fecundity and oviposition preference of flies surviving to single azadirachtin-treated larvae of parental generation was adversely affected and resulted in the reduction of the number of eggs laid and increased aversion to this compound over two successive generations. In parental generation, early exposure to azadirachtin affects adult's development by reducing the number of organisms, delay larval and pupal development; male biased sex ratio and induced morphological alterations. Moreover, adult's survival of the two generations was significantly decreased as compared to the control. Therefore, Single preimaginal azadirachtin treatment can affect flies population dynamics via transgenerational reductions in survival and reproduction capacity as well as reinforcement of oviposition avoidance which can contribute as repellent strategies in integrated pest management programs. The transgenerational effects observed suggest a possible reduction both in application frequency and total amount of pesticide used, would help in reducing both control costs and possible ecotoxicological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ferdenache
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
- Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie. CNRS, IRD, Univ Paris-Sud. Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - R Bezzar-Bendjazia
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
| | - F Marion-Poll
- Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie. CNRS, IRD, Univ Paris-Sud. Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- AgroParisTech, Paris, France
| | - S Kilani-Morakchi
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, 23000, Annaba, Algeria.
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Godfrey JA, Rypstra AL. Atrazine exposure shifts activity but has minimal effects on courtship in an agrobiont spider. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:499-506. [PMID: 30969405 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of many animals relies upon the input of chemical signals throughout the environment. Those animals that live in close proximity to humans may then be at risk, as the input of anthropogenic chemicals can have significant sublethal effects by masking or altering these naturally occurring signals. While the herbicide atrazine has been found to have the potential to alter such chemical information, research is lacking on how it may impact agrobiont arthropods which are the first and most direct line of exposure. Here we investigated the sublethal effects atrazine may be playing on an agrobiont wolf spider that makes up a major component of agricultural spider communities in the Eastern United States. We exposed spiders to ecologically relevant doses of atrazine and monitored general activity patterns as well as mating behaviors. We found that while sex determined a large portion of activity variation in these predators, both males and females spent more time mobile but at lower speeds in the presence of atrazine. We did not find any evidence for info-disruption based on male courtship rate and mating success, but with increasing dosage of atrazine came shortened bouts of courtship leading to copulation. These results suggest that atrazine changed activity patterns of a wolf spider, which may result in altered foraging, survival, and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake A Godfrey
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.
| | - Ann L Rypstra
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Hamilton, OH, 45011, USA
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Kremer AN, King BH. A Neonicotinoid Affects the Mating Behavior of Spalangia endius (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a Biological Control Agent of Filth Flies. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:489-495. [PMID: 30873550 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spalangia endius Walker is a parasitoid wasp that is commercially available as a biological control agent for filth fly pests in livestock-rearing operations. Imidacloprid is often used to control these flies. The present study examined the sublethal effect of field-realistic concentrations of imidacloprid on mating behavior, offspring sex ratios, and male preference for virgin females. After exposure to imidacloprid, S. endius females that survived were less likely to mate than control females, which will result in male-biased sex ratios because only mated females can produce daughters. Males did not avoid exposed females, but exposed females were almost always unreceptive. Males that survived exposure to imidacloprid exhibited reduced mating competitiveness against unexposed males. However, if an exposed male mated, his mate's sex ratio and ability to control flies was unaffected. Exposed males were also still able to discriminate against mated, and thus usually unreceptive, females. Together with previous studies, these results suggest that not only does imidacloprid reduce the ability of S. endius females to survive and parasitize hosts, but when an exposed female does survive and parasitize hosts, she is likely to produce just sons, because of her lack of receptivity. More-male-biased populations of S. endius will decrease their efficacy for fly control. Thus, the use of imidacloprid along with this parasitoid may be financially inefficient for pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspen N Kremer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL
| | - Bethia H King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL
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Navarro-Roldán MA, Amat C, Bau J, Gemeno C. Extremely low neonicotinoid doses alter navigation of pest insects along pheromone plumes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8150. [PMID: 31148562 PMCID: PMC6544627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44581-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevailing use of neonicotinoids in pest control has adverse effects on non-target organisms, like honeybees. However, relatively few studies have explored the effect of sublethal neonicotinoid levels on olfactory responses of pest insects, and thus their potential impact on semiochemical surveillance and control methods, such as monitoring or mating disruption. We recently reported that sublethal doses of the neonicotinoid thiacloprid (TIA) had dramatic effects on sex pheromone release in three tortricid moth species. We present now effects of TIA on pheromone detection and, for the first time, navigational responses of pest insects to pheromone sources. TIA delayed and reduced the percentage of males responding in the wind tunnel without analogous alteration of electrophysiological antennal responses. During navigation along an odor plume, treated males exhibited markedly slower flights and, in general, described narrower flight tracks, with an increased susceptibility to wind-induced drift. All these effects increased in a dose-dependent manner starting at LC0.001 - which would kill just 10 out of 106 individuals - and revealed an especially pronounced sensitivity in one of the species, Grapholita molesta. Our results suggest that minimal neonicotinoid quantities alter chemical communication, and thus could affect the efficacy of semiochemical pest management methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carles Amat
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida (UdL), 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Josep Bau
- Department of Biosciences, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - César Gemeno
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida (UdL), 25198, Lleida, Spain.
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Mair MM, Ruther J. Chemical Ecology of the Parasitoid Wasp Genus Nasonia (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae). Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Müller T, Römer CI, Müller C. Parental sublethal insecticide exposure prolongs mating response and decreases reproductive output in offspring. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thorben Müller
- Department of Chemical Ecology Bielefeld University Bielefeld Germany
| | - Clara Isis Römer
- Department of Chemical Ecology Bielefeld University Bielefeld Germany
| | - Caroline Müller
- Department of Chemical Ecology Bielefeld University Bielefeld Germany
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Müller T, Gesing MA, Segeler M, Müller C. Sublethal insecticide exposure of an herbivore alters the response of its predator. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:39-45. [PMID: 30654252 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sublethal insecticide exposure poses risks for many non-target organisms and is a challenge for successful implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Next to detrimental effects of short-term insecticide exposure on fitness-related traits of organisms, also properties such as chemical signaling traits can be altered, which mediate intra- and interspecific communication. We investigated the effects of different durations of larval sublethal exposure to the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin on performance traits of larvae and adults of the herbivorous mustard leaf beetle, Phaedon cochleariae. Moreover, by applying a direct contact and olfactometer bioassays, we determined the reaction of a generalist predator, the ant Myrmica rubra, towards insecticide-exposed and unexposed herbivore larvae and their secretions. Already short-term sublethal insecticide exposure of a few days caused a prolonged larval development and a reduced adult body mass of males. These effects may result from an insecticide-induced reduction in energy reserves. Furthermore, ants responded more frequently to insecticide-exposed than to unexposed larvae of P. cochleariae and their secretions. This increased responsiveness of ants towards insecticide-exposed larvae may be due to an insecticide-induced change in synthesis of chrysomelidial and epichrysomelidial, the dominant compounds of the larval secretion, which act defensive against various generalist predators. In conclusion, the results highlight that short-term insecticide exposure can impair the fitness of an herbivorous species due to both direct toxic effects and an increased responsiveness of predators. Consequently, exposure of single non-target species can have consequences for ecological communities in both natural habitats and IPM programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorben Müller
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Matthias Alexander Gesing
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Markus Segeler
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Caroline Müller
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Disque HH, Hamby KA, Dubey A, Taylor C, Dively GP. Effects of clothianidin-treated seed on the arthropod community in a mid-Atlantic no-till corn agroecosystem. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:969-978. [PMID: 30192045 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly all corn seed in the US is coated with neonicotinoid insecticides to protect against soil and foliar arthropod pests. Exposure in the soil and the systemic activity in the plant can pose non-target risks. We assessed the community-level effects of clothianidin-treated seed on the diversity and abundance of arthropod communities in a no-till corn agroecosystem over a single growing season. RESULTS Epigeal and foliage-dwelling communities were disturbed by the clothianidin seed treatment, with significant negative and positive changes in taxa abundances. Clothianidin reduced the abundance of minute pirate bugs by 66.2%, lady beetles by 44.7%, ants by 43.4%, ground beetle adults and larvae by 31.7%, and rove beetles by 44.1% during the early corn growth stages. Herbivores, particularly thrips, were more negatively affected by clothianidin than other trophic groups. In contrast, some groups, such as collembolans and leafhoppers, exhibited significantly higher abundances in the seed treated plots. CONCLUSION Clothianidin primarily influenced arthropod communities during the 4 weeks following planting, with disruptions to major natural enemy taxa, but communities showed trends toward recovery at the later corn stages. While the insecticide suppressed multiple herbivores, none were economically damaging to corn; thus, the pest suppression benefits of clothianidin observed in this study did not justify the non-target impacts. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly A Hamby
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Aditi Dubey
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Galen P Dively
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Willow J, Silva A, Veromann E, Smagghe G. Acute effect of low-dose thiacloprid exposure synergised by tebuconazole in a parasitoid wasp. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212456. [PMID: 30794624 PMCID: PMC6386243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural practices often involve tank-mixing and co-application of insecticides with fungicides to control crop pests. However, natural methods relying on biological control agents such as hymenopteran parasitoids have been shown to be highly effective in suppressing crop pest populations. The current body of insecticide risk assessment data accounting for fungicide co-application is very small, the present study being the first to examine this in a parasitoid wasp. Through low-dose exposure to dry residues of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid, we examined its mortal and knockdown effect on Aphelinus abdominalis when co-applied with increasing doses of the fungicide tebuconazole. Both of these acute effects of thiacloprid were synergised (toxicity increased to a greater-than-additive effect) by tebuconazole, resulting in significant mortality from low-dose co-applications of tebuconazole, and significant knockdown even without co-applied tebuconazole, the effect increasing as tebuconazole concentration increased. We show the highly toxic effect that a low dose of thiacloprid imposes on A. abdominalis populations, and a synergistic toxicity when co-applied with low doses of tebuconazole. Our work suggests a need for updating pesticide risk assessment methods, accounting for pesticide mixtures, in order to make these risk assessments more field relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Willow
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Chair of Plant Health, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Silva
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Eve Veromann
- Chair of Plant Health, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Teder T, Knapp M. Sublethal effects enhance detrimental impact of insecticides on non-target organisms: A quantitative synthesis in parasitoids. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 214:371-378. [PMID: 30267910 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Parasitoids acting as biocontrol agents provide farmers with valuable ecosystem services, but are sensitive to insecticides applied against pests. Besides lethal effects of insecticides, sublethal effects observed among survivors may further influence parasitoids' performance. However, information on sublethal effects is scattered across case studies, without a quantitative synthesis and evaluation of generality of respective data. We conducted an analysis of 85 primary empirical datasets to quantify sublethal effects of insecticide application on two key parameters of parasitoid fitness, offspring production and proportion of females among offspring (i.e. sex ratio). To create a direct link to existing agricultural practices, we primarily focused on studies in which parasitoids were exposed to field-recommended concentrations of insecticides. Insecticide-exposed females produced substantially fewer and more male-biased offspring, accounting for an average of about 28% cumulative loss in parasitoid reproductive capacity per generation. The magnitude of sublethal effects was significantly affected by insecticide mode of action, with broad-spectrum insecticides being particularly harmful to parasitoid reproductive performance. Transgenic crops and toxins derived from such plants were generally associated with weaker sublethal effects than majority of synthetic insecticides. Nevertheless, species responses, even to the same insecticides and transgenic crops, showed high variability, cautioning against extrapolating results from individual studies to a wider range of species. Overall, our results indicate that sublethal side-effects on parasitoid reproductive performance represent a significant and widespread cost of insecticides that should explicitly be taken into account when evaluating their harmfulness. Linking laboratory results to field situations remains a key challenge for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiit Teder
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, EE-51003 Tartu, Estonia; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha - Suchdol 165 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Knapp
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha - Suchdol 165 00, Czech Republic
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Kang ZW, Liu FH, Pang RP, Tian HG, Liu TX. Effect of Sublethal Doses of Imidacloprid on the Biological Performance of Aphid Endoparasitoid Aphidius gifuensis (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) and Influence on Its Related Gene Expression. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1729. [PMID: 30618780 PMCID: PMC6297876 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrated pest management (IPM) strategy was developed and used in combination with pesticides and beneficial biological control agents. To further develop IPM efficiency, it is important to evaluate the side effects of pesticides on biological control agents. Aphidius gifuensis is one of the most important aphid natural enemies and has been successfully used to control Myzys persicae and other aphid species. Imidacloprid (IMD) is a popular pesticide used worldwide and is highly toxic to non-target arthropods. Here, we investigated the short-term sublethal toxicity of IMD in Aphidius gifuensis and its impact on the biological performance and gene expression of this parasitoid. We found that sublethal IMD doses had a significant negative effect on the life history traits of female A. gifuensis, including shortening the lifespan and lowering parasitic capacity. Moreover, exposure to sublethal IMD also adversely affected the response of A. gifuensis to aphid-infested plant volatiles. Based on the transcriptome analysis, we found that the exposure to sublethal IMD doses significantly affected expression of genes involved in the central nervous system, energy metabolism, olfactory, and detoxification system of A. gifuensis. RT-qPCR also revealed that short term expose to sublethal IMD doses significantly induced the gene expression of genes related to the central nervous system (nAChRa7, nAChRa9, TbH, OAR1, NFR, TYR, and DAR1), olfactory system (OR28 and IR8a1), and detoxification system (CYP49p3, CYP6a2, and POD), while it suppressed the expression of genes involved in the central nervous system (nAChRa4 and nAChRb1), olfactory system (Orco1, IR8a2, and GR1), and detoxification system (GST2). Furthermore, exposure to sublethal doses of IMD also significantly increased the activities of CarEs and POD, whereas we observed no influence on the activities of CAT, GST, and SOD. Our results indicate that sublethal IMD doses might adversely affect the biological performance of A. gifuensis by altering gene expression related to the function of olfactory, nervous, energy metabolism, and detoxification systems. Thus, how the use of pesticides directly affect insect population should be considered when used in conjunction with natural pest parasitoids in IPM strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Ping Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hong-Gang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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