1
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Liu C, Liu X, Duan J. Artemisinin and Its Derivatives: Promising Therapeutic Agents for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2025; 18:535. [PMID: 40283970 PMCID: PMC12030120 DOI: 10.3390/ph18040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2025] [Revised: 03/31/2025] [Accepted: 04/04/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in older adults. Its pathogenesis involves multiple factors, including aging, environmental influences, genetic predisposition, oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Currently, AMD treatment focuses primarily on wet AMD, managed through repeated intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies. While anti-VEGF agents represent a major breakthrough in wet AMD care, repeated injections may lead to incomplete responses or resistance in some patients, and carry a risk of progressive fibrosis. Artemisinin (ART) and its derivatives, originally developed as antimalarial drugs, exhibit a broad spectrum of pleiotropic activities beyond their established use, including anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, anti-fibrotic, mitochondrial regulatory, lipid metabolic, and immunosuppressive effects. These properties position ART as a promising therapeutic candidate for AMD. A growing interest in ART-based therapies for AMD has emerged in recent years, with numerous studies demonstrating their potential benefits. However, no comprehensive review has systematically summarized the specific roles of ART and its derivatives in AMD pathogenesis and treatment. This paper aims to fill the knowledge gap by synthesizing the therapeutic efficacy and molecular mechanisms of ART and its derivatives in AMD, thereby providing a foundation for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- Eye School, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Junguo Duan
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection with TCM Laboratory, Chengdu 610075, China
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2
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Cardwell PA, Del Moro C, Murphy MP, Lapthorn AJ, Hartley RC. Human mitochondrial glutathione transferases: Kinetic parameters and accommodation of a mitochondria-targeting group in substrates. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 104:117712. [PMID: 38593670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Glutathione-S-transferases are key to the cellular detoxification of xenobiotics and products of oxidative damage. GSTs catalyse the reaction of glutathione (GSH) with electrophiles to form stable thioether adducts. GSTK1-1 is the main GST isoform in the mitochondrial matrix, but the GSTA1-1 and GSTA4-4 isoforms are also thought to be in the mitochondria with their distribution altering in transformed cells, thus potentially providing a cancer specific target. A mitochondria-targeted version of the GST substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), MitoCDNB, has been used to manipulate the mitochondrial GSH pool. To finesse this approach to target particular GST isoforms in the context of cancer, here we have determined the kcat/Km for the human isoforms of GSTK1-1, GSTA1-1 and GSTA4-4 with respect to GSH and CDNB. We show how the rate of the GST-catalysed reaction between GSH and CDNB analogues can be modified by both the electron withdrawing substituents, and by the position of the mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphonium on the chlorobenzene ring to tune the activity of mitochondria-targeted substrates. These findings can now be exploited to selectively disrupt the mitochondrial GSH pools of cancer cells expressing particular GST isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Cardwell
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Carlo Del Moro
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Adrian J Lapthorn
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Richard C Hartley
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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3
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Hai Y, Fan R, Zhao T, Lin R, Zhuang J, Deng A, Meng S, Hou Z, Wei G. A novel mitochondria-targeting DHODH inhibitor induces robust ferroptosis and alleviates immune suppression. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107115. [PMID: 38423231 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH)-mediated ferroptosis defense is a targetable vulnerability in cancer. Currently, only a few DHODH inhibitors have been utilized in clinical practice. To further enhance DHODH targeting, we introduced the mitochondrial targeting group triphenylphosphine (TPP) to brequinar (BRQ), a robust DHODH inhibitor, resulting in the creation of active molecule B2. This compound exhibits heightened anticancer activity, effectively inhibiting proliferation in various cancer cells, and restraining tumor growth in melanoma xenografts in mice. B2 achieves these effects by targeting DHODH, triggering the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), promoting mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, and inducing ferroptosis in B16F10 and A375 cells. Surprisingly, B2 significantly downregulates PD-L1 and alleviates immune suppression. Importantly, B2 exhibits no apparent adverse effects in mice. Collectively, these findings highlight that enhancing the mitochondrial targeting capability of the DHODH inhibitor is a promising therapeutic approach for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrui Hai
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Renming Fan
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ruizhuo Lin
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Junyan Zhuang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Aohua Deng
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Shanshui Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhuang Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Gaofei Wei
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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4
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Sharma K. Enhancement of Anticancer Potential of Artemisinin Derivatives through N-glycosylation. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:2074-2091. [PMID: 39136507 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266322676240724114536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells have significantly higher intracellular free-metal ions levels than normal cells, and it is well known that artemisinin (ART) molecules or its derivatives sensitize cancer cells when its endoperoxide moiety combines with metal ions, resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species, lysosomal degradation of ferritin, or regulation of system Gpx4 leading to apoptosis, ferroptosis or cuproptosis. Artemisinin derivatives (ADs) are reported to interfere more efficiently with metal-regulatory-proteins (MRPs) controlling iron/copper homeostasis by interacting with cytoplasmic unbound metal ions and thereby promoting the association of MRP to mRNA molecules carrying the respective sequences. However, the simple artemisinin analogues are required to be administered in higher doses with repeated administration due to low solubility and smaller plasma half-lives. To overcome these problems, amino ARTs were introduced which are found to be more stable, and later on, a series of ARTs derivatives containing sugar moiety was developed in search of analogues having good water solubility and high pharmacological activity. This review focuses on the preparation of N-glycosylated amino-ART analogues with their application against cancer. The intrinsic capability of glycosylated ART compounds is to give sugar-- containing substrates, which can bind with lectin galectin-8 receptors on the cancer cells making these compounds more specific in targeting cancer. Various AD mechanism of action against cancer is also explored with clinical trials to facilitate the synthesis of newer derivatives. In the future, the latest nano-techniques can be used to create formulations of such compounds to make them more target-specific in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Sharma
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
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5
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Zinc Protoporphyrin-9 Potentiates the Anticancer Activity of Dihydroartemisinin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020250. [PMID: 36829809 PMCID: PMC9952556 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides the clinically proven superior antimalarial activity, artemisinins (ARTs) are also associated with anticancer properties, albeit at much lower potency. Iron and heme have been proposed as possible activators of ARTs against cancer cells. Here we show that zinc protoporphyrin-9 (ZnPPIX), a heme homolog and a natural metabolite for heme synthesis during iron insufficiency, greatly enhanced the anticancer activity of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) in multiple cell lines. Using melanoma B16 and breast cancer 4T1 cells, we demonstrated ZnPPIX dramatically elevated intracellular free heme levels, accompanied by heightened reactive oxidative species (ROS) production. The tumor-suppression activity of ZnPPIX and DHA is mitigated by antioxidant vitamin E or membrane oxidation protectant ferrostatin. In vivo xenograft animal models confirmed that ZnPPIX significantly potentiated the tumor-inhibition capability of DHA while posing no apparent toxicity to the mice. The proliferating index and growth of tumors after the combinatory treatment of DHA and ZnPPIX were evidently reduced. Considering the clinical safety profiles of both DHA and ZnPPIX, their action synergy offers a promising strategy to improve the application of ARTs in our fight against cancer.
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Lai JW, Maah MJ, Tan KW, Sarip R, Lim YAL, Ganguly R, Khaw LT, Ng CH. Dinuclear and mononuclear metal(II) polypyridyl complexes against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum and their mode of action. Malar J 2022; 21:386. [PMID: 36528584 PMCID: PMC9758846 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria remains one of the most virulent and deadliest parasitic disease in the world, particularly in Africa and Southeast Asia. Widespread occurrence of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains from the Greater Mekong Subregion is alarming. This hinders the national economies, as well as being a major drawback in the effective control and elimination of malaria worldwide. Clearly, an effective anti-malarial drug is urgently needed. METHODS The dinuclear and mononuclear copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes were synthesized in ethanolic solution and characterized by various physical measurements (FTIR, CHN elemental analysis, solubility, ESI-MS, UV-Visible, conductivity and magnetic moment, and NMR). X-ray crystal structure of the dicopper(II) complex was determined. The in vitro haemolytic activities of these metal complexes were evaluated spectroscopically on B+ blood while the anti-malarial potency was performed in vitro on blood stage drug-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 (Pf3D7) and artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum IPC5202 (Pf5202) with fluorescence dye. Mode of action of metal complexes were conducted to determine the formation of reactive oxygen species using PNDA and DCFH-DA dyes, JC-1 depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, malarial 20S proteasome inhibition with parasite lysate, and morphological studies using Giemsa and Hoechst stains. RESULTS Copper(II) complexes showed anti-malarial potency against both Pf3D7 and Pf5202 in sub-micromolar to micromolar range. The zinc(II) complexes were effective against Pf3D7 with excellent therapeutic index but encountered total resistance against Pf5202. Among the four, the dinuclear copper(II) complex was the most potent against both strains. The zinc(II) complexes caused no haemolysis of RBC while copper(II) complexes induced increased haemolysis with increasing concentration. Further mechanistic studies of both copper(II) complexes on both Pf3D7 and Pf5202 strains showed induction of ROS, 20S malarial proteasome inhibition, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and morphological features indicative of apoptosis. CONCLUSION The dinuclear [Cu(phen)-4,4'-bipy-Cu(phen)](NO3)4 is highly potent and can overcome the total drug-resistance of Pf5202 towards chloroquine and artemisinin. The other three copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes were only effective towards the drug-sensitive Pf3D7, with the latter causing no haemolysis of RBC. Their mode of action involves multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei Lai
- grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Jamil Maah
- grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kong Wai Tan
- grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozie Sarip
- grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yvonne Ai Lian Lim
- grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- grid.410868.30000 0004 1781 342XShiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Loke Tim Khaw
- grid.411729.80000 0000 8946 5787Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chew Hee Ng
- grid.411729.80000 0000 8946 5787Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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7
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Artemisinin Targets Transcription Factor PDR1 and Impairs Candida glabrata Mitochondrial Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101855. [PMID: 36290580 PMCID: PMC9598568 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A limited number of antifungal drugs, the side-effect of clinical drugs and the emergence of resistance create an urgent need for new antifungal treatment agents. High-throughput drug screening and in-depth drug action mechanism analyzation are needed to address this problem. In this study, we identified that artemisinin and its derivatives possessed antifungal activity through a high-throughput screening of the FDA-approved drug library. Subsequently, drug-resistant strains construction, a molecular dynamics simulation and a transcription level analysis were used to investigate artemisinin’s action mechanism in Candida glabrata. Transcription factor pleiotropic drug resistance 1 (PDR1) was an important determinant of artemisinin’s sensitivity by regulating the drug efflux pump and ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. This dysfunction was shown by a depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, an enhancement of the mitochondrial membrane viscosity and an upregulation of the intracellular ROS level in fungi. The discovery shed new light on the development of antifungal agents and understanding artemisinin’s action mechanism.
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8
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Li C, He Q, Xu Y, Lou H, Fan P. Synthesis of 3- O-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic Acid (AKBA)-Derived Amides and Their Mitochondria-Targeted Antitumor Activities. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:9853-9866. [PMID: 35350335 PMCID: PMC8945107 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a series of amide and mitochondria-targeted derivatives with 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) as the parent structure and an ethylenediamine moiety as the link chain. Compound 5e, a mitochondrial-targeting potential derivative, showed significantly stronger antitumor activity than that of AKBA, and it could induce vacuolization of A549 cells and stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could inhibit the ROS level but could not suppress vacuolization and cell death induced by 5e. Further studies demonstrated that 5e caused abnormal opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential; additionally, it caused cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 but did not induce apoptosis. 5e represented a compound with improved antiproliferative effects for cancer therapy working through new mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Li
- Department
of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry
of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of
Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qiaobian He
- Department
of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry
of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of
Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yuwen Xu
- Shandong
Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250101, P.R. China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Department
of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry
of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of
Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Peihong Fan
- Department
of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry
of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of
Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
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9
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Liu S, Wang B, Sheng Y, Dong S, Liu G. Rational Design of Self-Assembled Mitochondria-Targeting Lytic Peptide Conjugates with Enhanced Tumor Selectivity. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103517. [PMID: 34791722 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Membrane lytic peptides (MLP) are widely explored as cellular delivery vehicles or antitumor/antibacterial agents. However, the poor selectivity between cancer and normal cells slims their prospects as potential anti-tumor drugs. Herein, we have developed a rationally designed self-assembly strategy to enhance tumor selectivity of MLP-based conjugates, incorporating a hydrophobic triphenylphosphonium (TPP) group for mitochondria targeting, and a hydrophilic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence targeting integrins. The self-assembly nanoparticles can enhance the stability of the peptides in vitro plasma and be endocytosed selectively into the cancer cells. The histidine-rich lytic peptide component assists the disruption of endosomal/lysosomal membranes and subsequent the mitochondria membrane, which leads to apoptosis. This rational design of MLP-based conjugates provides a practical strategy to increase the application prospects of lytic peptides in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yina Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Suwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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10
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You C, Yu J, Qin G, Yang J, Yang C, Hu G. Homogenate Extraction of Dihydroartemisinin from Artemisia Hedinii and Its Antifungal Activity. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:1206-1212. [PMID: 33484255 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artemisia hedinii is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. It can be used to extract dihydroartemisinin (DHA). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the optimal conditions for the homogenate extraction of DHA from A. hedinii and the antifungal activity of DHA. METHODS In this study, single-factor experiments and the response surface method were used to determine the optimal extraction conditions of crude extract and DHA. The method of spore germination was used to study the antifungal activity of DHA on Alternaria alternata. RESULTS The optimal conditions were found as follows: ratio of liquid to material 22 mL/g; extraction time 60 s; and soaking time 34 min. Under these conditions, extraction yield of DHA was (1.76 ± 0.04%). When the concentrations of crude extract were 0.5 and 8 mg/mL, the spore germination inhibition rates of A. alternata were (17.00 ± 2.05%) and (92.56 ± 2.01%), which were 3.34 and 1.15 times that of the DHA standard, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Homogenate extraction technology is a fast and efficient method for extracting DHA from A. hedinii. The crude extract has significant antifungal activity against A. alternata and is inexpensive, providing possible DHA usage in the prevention and treatment of plant pathogenic fungi. HIGHLIGHTS The optimum conditions of the extraction of DHA from A. hedinii by homogenate extraction were obtained. DHA has antifungal activity against A. alternata. Compared with pure DHA, the crude extract has stronger antifungal activity against A. alternata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong You
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Hubei Institute of Tobacco Science, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - JinPeng Yang
- Hubei Institute of Tobacco Science, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Hubei Institute of Tobacco Science, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guoyuan Hu
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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A Yeast-Based Drug Discovery Platform To Identify Plasmodium falciparum Type II NADH Dehydrogenase Inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.02470-20. [PMID: 33722883 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02470-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional methods utilizing in vitro protein activity assay or in vivo parasite survival to screen for malaria inhibitors suffer from high experimental background and/or inconvenience. Here, we introduce a yeast-based system to facilitate chemical screening for specific protein or pathway inhibitors. The platform comprises several isogeneic Pichia strains that differ only in the target of interest, so that a compound which inhibits one strain but not the other is implicated in working specifically against the target. We used Plasmodium falciparum NDH2 (PfNDH2), a type II NADH dehydrogenase, as a proof of principle to show how well this works. Three isogenic Pichia strains harboring, respectively, exogeneously introduced PfNDH2, its own complex I (a type I NADH dehydrogenase), and PfNDH2 with its own complex I, were constructed. In a pilot screen of more than 2,000 compounds, we identified a highly specific inhibitor that acts on PfNDH2. This compound poorly inhibits the parasites at the asexual blood stage; however, is highly effective in repressing oocyst maturation in the mosquito stage. Our results demonstrate that the yeast cell-based screen platform is feasible, efficient, economical, and has very low background noise. Similar strategies could be extended to the functional screen for interacting molecules of other targets.
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12
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Xu C, Xiao L, Zhang X, Zhuang T, Mu L, Yang X. Synthesis and biological activities of novel mitochondria-targeted artemisinin ester derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 39:127912. [PMID: 33691167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel artemisinin ester derivatives were designed and synthesized for targeting mitochondria. Cytotoxicity against SMMC-7721, HepG2, OVCAR3, A549 and J82 cancer cell lines was evaluated. Compound 2c (IC50 = 3.0 μM) was the most potent anti-proliferative molecule against the OVCAR3 cells with low cytotoxicity in normal HUVEC cells. The mechanism of action of compound 2c was further investigated by analyzing cell apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and intracellular ROS generation. The results indicated that compound 2c targeted mitochondria and induced cell apoptosis. ROS and heme attributed to the cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis of compound 2c. These promising findings indicated the compound 2c could serve as a great candidate against ovarian cancer for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cangcang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linfan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lingli Mu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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13
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Phosphate imbalance conducting by BPs-based cancer-targeting phosphate anions carrier induces necrosis. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Varmazyad M, Modi MM, Kalen AL, Sarsour EH, Wagner B, Du J, Schultz MK, Buettner GR, Pigge FC, Goswami PC. N-alkyl triphenylvinylpyridinium conjugated dihydroartemisinin perturbs mitochondrial functions resulting in enhanced cancer versus normal cell toxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:421-434. [PMID: 33561488 PMCID: PMC8020572 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is an FDA-approved antimalarial drug that has been repurposed for cancer therapy because of its preferential antiproliferative effects on cancer versus normal cells. Mitochondria represent an attractive target for cancer therapy based on their regulatory role in proliferation and cell death. This study investigates whether DHA conjugated to innately fluorescent N-alkyl triphenylvinylpyridinium (TPVP) perturbs mitochondrial functions resulting in a differential toxicity of cancer versus normal cells. TPVP-DHA treatments resulted in a dose-dependent toxicity of human melanoma and pancreatic cancer cells, whereas normal human fibroblasts were resistant to this treatment. TPVP-DHA treatments resulted in a G1-delay of the cancer cell cycle, which was also associated with a significant inhibition of the mTOR-metabolic and ERK1/2-proliferative signaling pathways. TPVP-DHA treatments perturbed mitochondrial functions, which correlated with increases in mitochondrial fission. In summary, TPVP mediated mitochondrial targeting of DHA enhanced cancer cell toxicity by perturbing mitochondrial functions and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mira M Modi
- Basic Science Department, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Amanda L Kalen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ehab H Sarsour
- Basic Science Department, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Brett Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Michael K Schultz
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | | | - Prabhat C Goswami
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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15
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Catalán M, Olmedo I, Faúndez J, Jara JA. Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Mitochondria: From New Vehicles and Pharmacophore Groups to Old Drugs with Mitochondrial Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8684. [PMID: 33217901 PMCID: PMC7698797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in tumor cell mitochondria as a pharmacological target has been rekindled in recent years. This attention is due in part to new publications documenting heterogenous characteristics of solid tumors, including anoxic and hypoxic zones that foster cellular populations with differentiating metabolic characteristics. These populations include tumor-initiating or cancer stem cells, which have a strong capacity to adapt to reduced oxygen availability, switching rapidly between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation as sources of energy and metabolites. Additionally, this cell subpopulation shows high chemo- and radioresistance and a high capacity for tumor repopulation. Interestingly, it has been shown that inhibiting mitochondrial function in tumor cells affects glycolysis pathways, cell bioenergy, and cell viability. Therefore, mitochondrial inhibition may be a viable strategy for eradicating cancer stem cells. In this context, medicinal chemistry research over the last decade has synthesized and characterized "vehicles" capable of transporting novel or existing pharmacophores to mitochondrial tumor cells, based on mechanisms that exploit the physicochemical properties of the vehicles and the inherent properties of the mitochondria. The pharmacophores, some of which have been isolated from plants and others, which were synthesized in the lab, are diverse in chemical nature. Some of these molecules are active, while others are prodrugs that have been evaluated alone or linked to mitochondria-targeted agents. Finally, researchers have recently described drugs with well-proven safety and efficacy that may exert a mitochondria-specific inhibitory effect in tumor cells through noncanonical mechanisms. The effectiveness of these molecules may be improved by linking them to mitochondrial carrier molecules. These promising pharmacological agents should be evaluated alone and in combination with classic chemotherapeutic drugs in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Catalán
- Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Ivonne Olmedo
- Physiopathology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Jennifer Faúndez
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, Santiago 8380544, Chile;
| | - José A. Jara
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, Santiago 8380544, Chile;
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16
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Xu C, Zhang H, Mu L, Yang X. Artemisinins as Anticancer Drugs: Novel Therapeutic Approaches, Molecular Mechanisms, and Clinical Trials. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:529881. [PMID: 33117153 PMCID: PMC7573816 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.529881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin and its derivatives have shown broad-spectrum antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, outcomes from a limited number of clinical trials provide encouraging evidence for their excellent antitumor activities. However, some problems such as poor solubility, toxicity and controversial mechanisms of action hamper their use as effective antitumor agents in the clinic. In order to accelerate the use of ARTs in the clinic, researchers have recently developed novel therapeutic approaches including developing novel derivatives, manufacturing novel nano-formulations, and combining ARTs with other drugs for cancer therapy. The related mechanisms of action were explored. This review describes ARTs used to induce non-apoptotic cell death containing oncosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. Moreover, it highlights the ARTs-caused effects on cancer metabolism, immunosuppression and cancer stem cells and discusses clinical trials of ARTs used to treat cancer. The review provides additional insight into the molecular mechanism of action of ARTs and their considerable clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cangcang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingli Mu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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17
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Bailly C. Pyronaridine: An update of its pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action. Biopolymers 2020; 112:e23398. [PMID: 33280083 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyronaridine (PYR) is an erythrocytic schizonticide with a potent antimalarial activity against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium. The drug is used in combination with artesunate for the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, in adults and children. The present review briefly retraces the discovery of PYR and recent antimalarial studies which has led to the approval of PYR/artesunate combination (Pyramax) by the European Medicines Agency to treat uncomplicated malaria worldwide. PYR also presents a marked antitumor activity and has revealed efficacy for the treatment of other parasitic diseases (notably Babesia and Trypanosoma infections) and to mitigate the Ebola virus propagation. On the one hand, PYR functions has an inhibitor of hemozoin (biomineral malaria pigment, by-product of hemoglobin digestion) formation, blocking the biopolymerization of β-hematin and thus facilitating the accumulation of toxic hematin into the digestive vacuole of the parasite. On the other hand, PYR is a bona fide DNA-intercalating agent and an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase 2, leading to DNA damages and cell death. Inhibition of hematin polymerization represents the prime mechanism at the origin of the antimalarial activity, whereas anticancer effects relies essentially on the interference with DNA metabolism, as with structurally related anticancer drugs like amsacrine and quinacrine. In addition, recent studies point to an immune modulatory activity of PYR and the implication of a mitochondrial oxidative pathway. An analogy with the mechanism of action of artemisinin drugs is underlined. In brief, the biological actions of pyronaridine are recapitulated to shed light on the diverse health benefits of this unsung drug.
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18
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Fang L, Zhang W, Wang Z, Fan X, Cheng Z, Hou X, Chen D. Novel mitochondrial targeting charge-reversal polysaccharide hybrid shell/core nanoparticles for prolonged systemic circulation and antitumor drug delivery. Drug Deliv 2019; 26:1125-1139. [PMID: 31736389 PMCID: PMC6882447 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1687614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Stability in systemic circulation, effective tumor accumulation, and the subsequent crucial subcellular targeting are significant elements that maximize the therapeutic efficacy of a drug. Accordingly, novel nanoparticles based on polysaccharides that simultaneously presented prolonged systemic circulation and mitochondrial-targeted drug release were synthesized. First, the mitochondrial-targeted polymer, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl propionic acid-chitosan oligosaccharide-dithiodipropionic acid-berberine (DHPA-CDB), was synthesized, which was used to form self-assembled curcumin (Cur)-encapsulated cationic micelles (DHPA-CDB/Cur). Negatively charged oligomeric hyaluronic acid-3-carboxyphenylboronic acid (oHA-PBA), a ligand to sialic acid and CD44, was further added to the surface of the preformed DHPA-CDB/Cur core to shield the positive charges and to prolong blood persistence. oHA-PBA@DHPA-CDB/Cur formed a covalent polyplex of oHA-PBA and DHPA-CDB/Cur via the pH-responsive borate ester bond between PBA and DHPA. The mildly acidic tumor environment led to the degradation of borate ester bonds, thereby realizing the exposure of the cationic micelles and causing a charge reversal from -19.47 to +12.01 mV, to promote cell internalization and mitochondrial localization. Compared with micelles without the oHA-PBA modification, the prepared oHA-PBA@DHPA-CDB/Cur showed enhanced cytotoxicity to PANC-1 cells and greater cellular uptake via receptor-mediated endocytosis. oHA-PBA@DHPA-CDB/Cur was effectively targeted to the mitochondria, which triggered mitochondrial membrane depolarization. In mice xenografted with PANC-1 cells, compared with control mice, oHA-PBA@DHPA-CDB/Cur resulted in more effective tumor suppression and greater biosafety with preferential accumulation in the tumor tissue. Thus, the long-circulating oHA-PBA@DHPA-CDB/Cur, with mitochondrial targeting and tumor environment charge-reversal capabilities, was shown to be an excellent candidate for subcellular-specific drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Xinxin Fan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Ziting Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Xiaoya Hou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Daquan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
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19
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Effects and Mechanism of Action of Artemisinin on Mitochondria of Plasmodium berghei. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 26:277-282. [PMID: 31227963 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the antimalarial effects and mechanisms of artemisinin (Qinghaosu in Chinese, QHS) on mitochondria in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. METHODS A total of 108 C57 mice infected with Plasmodium berghei were randomly divided into 3 groups by weight: the control group, 200 and 400 mg/kg QHS groups. The two QHS treatment groups were further divided into 4 sub-groups with 12 animals each time according to the treatment time, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h. Normal saline was intragastrically (i.g.) administered to the control group. The other two groups received different doses of QHS by i.g. administration. Animals were treated once with QHS for different detection time as follows: 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h. The mitochondrial energy metabolism, oxidative damage, membrane potential, and membrane permeability and other indexes were detected. RESULTS After administration of 200 and 400 mg/kg QHS, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in Plasmodium and its mitochondria were reduced (P<0.05), the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased (P<0.05), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was also increased (P<0.05). At the same time, the membrane potential of the mitochondria was reduced and the degree to which the membrane permeability transition pore was opened was irreversibly increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Mitochondria in Plasmodium were the targets of QHS, which can adversely affect mitochondrial energy metabolism, oxidative damage, membrane potential, and membrane opening, and ultimately exert an antimalarial effect.
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Ma Y, Liu X, Ma Q, Liu Y. Near-infrared nanoparticles based on indocyanine green-conjugated albumin: a versatile platform for imaging-guided synergistic tumor chemo-phototherapy with temperature-responsive drug release. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:8517-8528. [PMID: 30555242 PMCID: PMC6278719 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s183887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to develop a multifunctional theranostic agent based on BSA nanoparticles (NPs), which loaded artemisinin (ART) and co-conjugated with indocyanine green (ICG) and arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide (RGD-indocyanine green-Bovine Serum Albumin-artemisinin [IBA] NPs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The physicochemical parameters of RGD-IBA NPs were character-ized in terms of the particle size, zeta potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, in vitro release behavior, photothermal and photodynamic effect, and in vitro anticancer ability. In vivo fluorescence and thermal imaging as well as antitumor studies were also evaluated. RESULTS The tumor chemotherapeutic effects of ART and the ability of fluorescence imaging, hyperthermia generation and reactive oxygen species production of ICG and tumor-targeting RGD were integrated to achieve RGD-IBA NPs for imaging-guided tumor-targeted chemotherapy/photothermal/photodynamic therapy (chemo-phototherapy). The RGD-IBA NPs showed enhanced physiological stability and photo-stability compared with free ART and ICG. In addition, they were temperature-responsive; their sizes increased with increasing temperature between 25°C and 55°C, thereby leading to drug release upon the irradiation with near infrared (NIR) laser. In vivo fluorescence images of tumor-bearing mice showed that the RGD-IBA NPs could highly and passively reach the targeted tumor region with maximum accumulation at 24 hours post-intravenous injection. The in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that the RGD-IBA NPs not only have good biocompatibility, but also are highly efficient tumor synergistic chemo-phototherapeutic agents. CONCLUSION Through this study, it was found that RGD-IBA NPs could potentially be a very promising tumor theranostic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Ma
- Jinan Stomatologic Hospital, Jinan 250001, Shandong, China,
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Jinan Stomatologic Hospital, Jinan 250001, Shandong, China,
| | - Qianli Ma
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250001, Shandong, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- Binzhou Medical School, Binzhou 256603, Shandong, China
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21
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Resolving neuroinflammation, the therapeutic potential of the anti-malaria drug family of artemisinin. Pharmacol Res 2018; 136:172-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Coghi P, Yaremenko IA, Prommana P, Radulov PS, Syroeshkin MA, Wu YJ, Gao JY, Gordillo FM, Mok S, Wong VKW, Uthaipibull C, Terent'ev AO. Novel Peroxides as Promising Anticancer Agents with Unexpected Depressed Antimalarial Activity. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:902-908. [PMID: 29469179 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Twenty six peroxides belonging to bridged 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes, bridged 1,2,4-trioxolanes (ozonides), and tricyclic monoperoxides were evaluated for their in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum (3D7) and for their cytotoxic activities against immortalized human normal fibroblast (CCD19Lu), liver (LO2 ), and lung (BEAS-2B) cell lines as well as human liver (HepG2) and lung (A549) cancer-cell lines. Synthetic ozonides were shown to have the highest cytotoxicity on HepG2 (IC50 =0.19-0.59 μm), and some of these compounds selectively targeted liver cancer (selectivity index values for compounds 13 a and 14 a are 20 and 28, respectively) at levels that, in some cases, were higher than those of paclitaxel, artemisinin, and artesunic acid. In contrast some ozonides showed only moderate antimalarial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 strain of P. falciparum (IC50 from 2.76 to 24.2 μm; 12 b, IC50 =2.76 μm; 13 a, IC50 =20.14 μm; 14 a, IC50 =6.32 μm). These results suggest that these derivatives have divergent mechanisms of action against cancer cells and malaria-infected cells. A cyclic voltammetry study of the peroxides was performed, but most of the compounds did not show direct correlation in oxidative capacity-activity. Our findings offer a new source of antimalarial and anticancer agents through structural modification of peroxide compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Coghi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ivan A Yaremenko
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.,Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technology and Biomedical Products, D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, Moscow, 125047, Russia.,All Russian Research Institute for Phytopathology, 143050 B. Vyazyomy, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Parichat Prommana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Peter S Radulov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.,All Russian Research Institute for Phytopathology, 143050 B. Vyazyomy, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Syroeshkin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Yu Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jia Ying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Floria M Gordillo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Simon Mok
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Chairat Uthaipibull
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Alexander O Terent'ev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.,Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technology and Biomedical Products, D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, Moscow, 125047, Russia.,All Russian Research Institute for Phytopathology, 143050 B. Vyazyomy, Moscow Region, Russia
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