1
|
Zhao J, Taylor CJ, Newcombe EA, Spanevello MD, O'Keeffe I, Cooper LT, Jhaveri DJ, Boyd AW, Bartlett PF. EphA4 Regulates Hippocampal Neural Precursor Proliferation in the Adult Mouse Brain by d-Serine Modulation of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Signaling. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:4381-4397. [PMID: 30590507 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is a major region of the adult rodent brain in which neurogenesis occurs throughout life. The EphA4 receptor, which regulates neurogenesis and boundary formation in the developing brain, is also expressed in the adult DG, but whether it regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis is not known. Here, we show that, in the adult mouse brain, EphA4 inhibits hippocampal precursor cell proliferation but does not affect precursor differentiation or survival. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of EphA4 significantly increased hippocampal precursor proliferation in vivo and in vitro, by blocking EphA4 forward signaling. EphA4 was expressed by mature hippocampal DG neurons but not neural precursor cells, and an EphA4 antagonist, EphA4-Fc, did not activate clonal cultures of precursors until they were co-cultured with non-precursor cells, indicating an indirect effect of EphA4 on the regulation of precursor activity. Supplementation with d-serine blocked the increased precursor proliferation induced by EphA4 inhibition, whereas blocking the interaction between d-serine and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) promoted precursor activity, even at the clonal level. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that EphA4 indirectly regulates adult hippocampal precursor proliferation and thus plays a role in neurogenesis via d-serine-regulated NMDAR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Chanel J Taylor
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Estella A Newcombe
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark D Spanevello
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Imogen O'Keeffe
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Leanne T Cooper
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Dhanisha J Jhaveri
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew W Boyd
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Perry F Bartlett
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yasuhara T, Kawauchi S, Kin K, Morimoto J, Kameda M, Sasaki T, Bonsack B, Kingsbury C, Tajiri N, Borlongan CV, Date I. Cell therapy for central nervous system disorders: Current obstacles to progress. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 26:595-602. [PMID: 31622035 PMCID: PMC7248543 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy for disorders of the central nervous system has progressed to a new level of clinical application. Various clinical studies are underway for Parkinson's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and various other neurological diseases. Recent biotechnological developments in cell therapy have taken advantage of the technology of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The advent of iPS cells has provided a robust stem cell donor source for neurorestoration via transplantation. Additionally, iPS cells have served as a platform for the discovery of therapeutics drugs, allowing breakthroughs in our understanding of the pathology and treatment of neurological diseases. Despite these recent advances in iPS, adult tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells remain the widely used donor for cell transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cells are easily isolated and amplified toward the cells' unique trophic factor‐secretion property. In this review article, the milestone achievements of cell therapy for central nervous system disorders, with equal consideration on the present translational obstacles for clinic application, are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takao Yasuhara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawauchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun Morimoto
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kameda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sasaki
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Brooke Bonsack
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chase Kingsbury
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Naoki Tajiri
- Department of Neurophysiology and Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Aichi, Japan
| | - Cesario V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Isao Date
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Takeuchi H, Kameda M, Yasuhara T, Sasaki T, Toyoshima A, Morimoto J, Kin K, Okazaki M, Umakoshi M, Kin I, Kuwahara K, Tomita Y, Date I. Long-Term Potentiation Enhances Neuronal Differentiation in the Chronic Hypoperfusion Model of Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29527162 PMCID: PMC5829584 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several reports have shown that long-term potentiation (LTP) per se effectively enhances neurogenesis in the hippocampus of intact animals. If LTP can enhance neurogenesis in chronic hypoperfusion, this approach could potentially become a new therapeutic strategy for the restoration of cognitive function and for prevention from deterioration of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Using an in vivo LTP model of rats, we examined whether LTP per se can enhance neurogenesis in hypoperfusion rats that underwent permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (permanent 2-vessel occlusion, P2VO). High frequency stimulation (HFS) in the subacute phase after P2VO enhanced hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis. However, most enhanced cell proliferation and neurogenesis was seen in the hypoperfusion rats that received HFS and for which LTP could finally be induced. In contrast, the same effect was not seen in the LTP induction in the chronic phase. The present findings, which reveal that most enhanced neurogenesis was seen in hypoperfusion rats for which LTP could be finally induced, could explain the ability of LTP-like activities such as learning paradigms and environmental stimuli to increase the rate of neurogenesis in the hippocampus even under hypoperfusion conditions. Moreover, the present findings, which reveal that LTP induction in the chronic phase after P2VO could not effectively enhance neurogenesis in the hypoperfusion rats, could indicate that patients with MCI and even middle-aged healthy control individuals should start LTP-like activities as early as possible and continue with these activities to prevent age-related deterioration of hippocampal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Takeuchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kameda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takao Yasuhara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sasaki
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Toyoshima
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun Morimoto
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mihoko Okazaki
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Michiari Umakoshi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ittetsu Kin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ken Kuwahara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tomita
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Isao Date
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jhaveri DJ, Tedoldi A, Hunt S, Sullivan R, Watts NR, Power JM, Bartlett PF, Sah P. Evidence for newly generated interneurons in the basolateral amygdala of adult mice. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:521-532. [PMID: 28809399 PMCID: PMC5822453 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
New neurons are continually generated from the resident populations of precursor cells in selective niches of the adult mammalian brain such as the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the olfactory bulb. However, whether such cells are present in the adult amygdala, and their neurogenic capacity, is not known. Using the neurosphere assay, we demonstrate that a small number of precursor cells, the majority of which express Achaete-scute complex homolog 1 (Ascl1), are present in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) of the adult mouse. Using neuron-specific Thy1-YFP transgenic mice, we show that YFP+ cells in BLA-derived neurospheres have a neuronal morphology, co-express the neuronal marker βIII-tubulin, and generate action potentials, confirming their neuronal phenotype. In vivo, we demonstrate the presence of newly generated BrdU-labeled cells in the adult BLA, and show that a proportion of these cells co-express the immature neuronal marker doublecortin (DCX). Furthermore, we reveal that a significant proportion of GFP+ neurons (~23%) in the BLA are newly generated (BrdU+) in DCX-GFP mice, and using whole-cell recordings in acute slices we demonstrate that the GFP+ cells display electrophysiological properties that are characteristic of interneurons. Using retrovirus-GFP labeling as well as the Ascl1CreERT2 mouse line, we further confirm that the precursor cells within the BLA give rise to mature and functional interneurons that persist in the BLA for at least 8 weeks after their birth. Contextual fear conditioning has no effect on the number of neurospheres or BrdU-labeled cells in the BLA, but produces an increase in hippocampal cell proliferation. These results demonstrate that neurogenic precursor cells are present in the adult BLA, and generate functional interneurons, but also show that their activity is not regulated by an amygdala-dependent learning paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Jhaveri
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,The Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Hawken Drive, St Lucia, 4072 QLD, Australia. E-mail: or or
| | - A Tedoldi
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S Hunt
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - R Sullivan
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N R Watts
- Critical Care and Trauma Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J M Power
- School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - P F Bartlett
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,The Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Hawken Drive, St Lucia, 4072 QLD, Australia. E-mail: or or
| | - P Sah
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,The Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Hawken Drive, St Lucia, 4072 QLD, Australia. E-mail: or or
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gilbert M, Goodman J, Gomez J, Johnstone A, Ramos R. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is impaired by transient and moderate developmental thyroid hormone disruption. Neurotoxicology 2017; 59:9-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
Yang J, Qi F, Yang Y, Yuan Q, Zou J, Guo K, Yao Z. Neonatal hepatitis B vaccination impaired the behavior and neurogenesis of mice transiently in early adulthood. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 73:166-176. [PMID: 27501128 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays a vital role in brain development. The hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) is administered to more than 70% of neonates worldwide. Whether this neonatal vaccination affects brain development is unknown. Newborn C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with HBV or phosphate-buffered saline. HBV induced impaired behavioral performances and hippocampal long-term potentiation at 8 weeks (w) of age without influence at 4 or 12w. At 6w, there was decreased neurogenesis, M1 microglial activation and a neurotoxic profile of neuroimmune molecule expression [increased tumor necrosis factor-α and reduced interferon (IFN)-γ, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and insulin-like growth factor-1] in the hippocampus of the HBV-vaccinated mice. In the serum, HBV induced significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-4, indicating a T helper (Th)-2 bias. Moreover, the serum IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was positively correlated with the levels of neurotrophins and neurogenesis in the hippocampus at the individual level. These findings suggest that neonatal HBV vaccination of mice results in neurobehavioral impairments in early adulthood by inducing a proinflammatory and low neurotrophic milieu in the hippocampus, which follows the HBV-induced systemic Th2 bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China
| | - Fangfang Qi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China
| | - Qunfang Yuan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China
| | - Juntao Zou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China
| | - Kaihua Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China
| | - Zhibin Yao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gilbert ME, Sanchez-Huerta K, Wood C. Mild Thyroid Hormone Insufficiency During Development Compromises Activity-Dependent Neuroplasticity in the Hippocampus of Adult Male Rats. Endocrinology 2016; 157:774-87. [PMID: 26606422 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Severe thyroid hormone (TH) deficiency during critical phases of brain development results in irreversible neurological and cognitive impairments. The mechanisms accounting for this are likely multifactorial, and are not fully understood. Here we pursue the possibility that one important element is that TH affects basal and activity-dependent neurotrophin expression in brain regions important for neural processing. Graded exposure to propylthiouracil (PTU) during development produced dose-dependent reductions in mRNA expression of nerve growth factor (Ngf) in whole hippocampus of neonates. These changes in basal expression persisted to adulthood despite the return to euthyroid conditions in blood. In contrast to small PTU-induced reductions in basal expression of several genes, developmental PTU treatment dramatically reduced the activity-dependent expression of neurotrophins and related genes (Bdnft, Bdnfiv, Arc, and Klf9) in adulthood and was accompanied by deficits in hippocampal-based learning. These data demonstrate that mild TH insufficiency during development not only reduces expression of important neurotrophins that persists into adulthood but also severely restricts the activity-dependent induction of these genes. Considering the importance of these neurotrophins for sculpting the structural and functional synaptic architecture in the developing and the mature brain, it is likely that TH-mediated deficits in these plasticity mechanisms contribute to the cognitive deficiencies that accompany developmental TH compromise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Gilbert
- Toxicity Assessment Division (M.E.G., C.W.), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Departamento de Fisiología "Mauricio Russek" (K.S.-H.), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico 07738
| | - K Sanchez-Huerta
- Toxicity Assessment Division (M.E.G., C.W.), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Departamento de Fisiología "Mauricio Russek" (K.S.-H.), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico 07738
| | - C Wood
- Toxicity Assessment Division (M.E.G., C.W.), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Departamento de Fisiología "Mauricio Russek" (K.S.-H.), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico 07738
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Purification of neural precursor cells reveals the presence of distinct, stimulus-specific subpopulations of quiescent precursors in the adult mouse hippocampus. J Neurosci 2015; 35:8132-44. [PMID: 26019330 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0504-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of neural precursor cells in the adult hippocampus is regulated by various stimuli; however, whether these stimuli regulate the same or different precursor populations remains unknown. Here, we developed a novel cell-sorting protocol that allows the purification to homogeneity of neurosphere-forming neural precursors from the adult mouse hippocampus and examined the responsiveness of individual precursors to various stimuli using a clonal assay. We show that within the Hes5-GFP(+)/Nestin-GFP(+)/EGFR(+) cell population, which comprises the majority of neurosphere-forming precursors, there are two distinct subpopulations of quiescent precursor cells, one directly activated by high-KCl depolarization, and the other activated by norepinephrine (NE). We then demonstrate that these two populations are differentially distributed along the septotemporal axis of the hippocampus, and show that the NE-responsive precursors are selectively regulated by GABA, whereas the KCl-responsive precursors are selectively modulated by corticosterone. Finally, based on RNAseq analysis by deep sequencing, we show that the progeny generated by activating NE-responsive versus KCl-responsive quiescent precursors are molecularly different. These results demonstrate that the adult hippocampus contains phenotypically similar but stimulus-specific populations of quiescent precursors, which may give rise to neural progeny with different functional capacity.
Collapse
|
9
|
Higuera-Matas A, Ucha M, Ambrosio E. Long-term consequences of perinatal and adolescent cannabinoid exposure on neural and psychological processes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 55:119-46. [PMID: 25960036 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Marihuana is the most widely consumed illicit drug, even among adolescents and pregnant women. Given the critical developmental processes that occur in the adolescent and fetal nervous system, marihuana consumption during these stages may have permanent consequences on several brain functions in later adult life. Here, we review what is currently known about the long-term consequences of perinatal and adolescent cannabinoid exposure. The most consistent findings point to long-term impairments in cognitive function that are associated with structural alterations and disturbed synaptic plasticity. In addition, several neurochemical modifications are also evident after prenatal or adolescent cannabinoid exposure, especially in the endocannabinoid, glutamatergic, dopaminergic and opioidergic systems. Important sexual dimorphisms are also evident in terms of the long-lasting effects of cannabinoid consumption during pregnancy and adolescence, and cannabinoids possibly have a protective effect in adolescents who have suffered traumatic life challenges, such as maternal separation or intense stress. Finally, we suggest some future research directions that may encourage further advances in this exciting field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Higuera-Matas
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University of Distance Learning (UNED), C/ Juan del Rosal 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marcos Ucha
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University of Distance Learning (UNED), C/ Juan del Rosal 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ambrosio
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University of Distance Learning (UNED), C/ Juan del Rosal 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The role of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor in the proliferation of adult hippocampal neural stem and precursor cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:403-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
11
|
Stuart MJ, Corrigan F, Baune BT. Knockout of CXCR5 increases the population of immature neural cells and decreases proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:31. [PMID: 24528805 PMCID: PMC3928586 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The process of neurogenesis in which new neurons are generated by proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) has been a topic of intensive recent investigation. Investigations of the factors which regulate this process have recently begun to include immune factors including immune cells and cytokines, however the class of immune proteins designated as chemokines have been relatively neglected. Increasing evidence for novel brain-specific mechanisms of chemokines beyond their classical chemotactic functions has suggested that they may play a role in the regulation of NSC/NPC biology. METHODS We have investigated the role of the chemokine receptor CXCR5 (ligand is CXCL13) in the activity of these cells through neurobiological and behavioural analysis of CXCR5-deficient mice (CXCR5-/-). These investigations included: immunohistochemistry for the markers Ki67, nestin, doublecortin, and IBA-1, neurosphere assays, and the baseline behavioural tests: open field test and sucrose preference test. RESULTS We observed a significant increase in doublecortin and nestin staining in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (P = 0.02 and P = 0.0008, respectively) of CXCR5-/- animals as compared to wild-type controls. This was accompanied by a decrease in Ki67 staining subgranular zone (P = 0.009). Behavioural correlates included a significant increase in baseline locomotor activity in an open field test (P <0.00018) and a decrease in stress reactivity in that test (P = 0.015). Deficiency in CXCR5 was not associated with alterations in hippocampal microglial density, microglial activation or systemic cytokine levels, nor with loss of NSC/NPC populations in the neurosphere assay. CONCLUSIONS These findings are the first to describe a brain-specific function of CXCR5 under physiological conditions. CXCR5 reduces maintenance of immature neural cell populations and enhances proliferation of subgranular zone cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, however the mechanism of these effects remains unclear. Further research into the regulation of NSC/NPC activity should consider investigation of CXCR5 and other chemokines which may be relevant to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety and cognitive impairment/dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bernhard T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cho T, Ryu JK, Taghibiglou C, Ge Y, Chan AW, Liu L, Lu J, McLarnon JG, Wang YT. Long-term potentiation promotes proliferation/survival and neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76860. [PMID: 24146937 PMCID: PMC3798289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) replacement therapy is considered a promising cell replacement therapy for various neurodegenerative diseases. However, the low rate of NSC survival and neurogenesis currently limits its clinical potential. Here, we examined if hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), one of the most well characterized forms of synaptic plasticity, promotes neurogenesis by facilitating proliferation/survival and neuronal differentiation of NSCs. We found that the induction of hippocampal LTP significantly facilitates proliferation/survival and neuronal differentiation of both endogenous neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and exogenously transplanted NSCs in the hippocampus in rats. These effects were eliminated by preventing LTP induction by pharmacological blockade of the N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) via systemic application of the receptor antagonist, 3-[(R)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl]-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP). Moreover, using a NPC-neuron co-culture system, we were able to demonstrate that the LTP-promoted NPC neurogenesis is at least in part mediated by a LTP-increased neuronal release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its consequent activation of tropomysosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptors on NSCs. Our results indicate that LTP promotes the neurogenesis of both endogenous and exogenously transplanted NSCs in the brain. The study suggests that pre-conditioning of the host brain receiving area with a LTP-inducing deep brain stimulation protocol prior to NSC transplantation may increase the likelihood of success of using NSC transplantation as an effective cell therapy for various neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taesup Cho
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jae K. Ryu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Changiz Taghibiglou
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yuan Ge
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Allen W. Chan
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lidong Liu
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jie Lu
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - James G. McLarnon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yu Tian Wang
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital and Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alberi L, Hoey SE, Brai E, Scotti AL, Marathe S. Notch signaling in the brain: in good and bad times. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:801-14. [PMID: 23570941 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway, which is fundamental for neuronal development and specification. In the last decade, increasing evidence has pointed out an important role of this pathway beyond embryonic development, indicating that Notch also displays a critical function in the mature brain of vertebrates and invertebrates. This pathway appears to be involved in neural progenitor regulation, neuronal connectivity, synaptic plasticity and learning/memory. In addition, Notch appears to be aberrantly regulated in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and ischemic injury. The molecular mechanisms by which Notch displays these functions in the mature brain are not fully understood, but are currently the subject of intense research. In this review, we will discuss old and novel Notch targets and molecular mediators that contribute to Notch function in the mature brain and will summarize recent findings that explore the two facets of Notch signaling in brain physiology and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Alberi
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Taylor CJ, Jhaveri DJ, Bartlett PF. The therapeutic potential of endogenous hippocampal stem cells for the treatment of neurological disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:5. [PMID: 23372544 PMCID: PMC3556583 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While it is now well-established that resident populations of stem and progenitor cells drive neurogenesis in the adult brain, a growing body of evidence indicates that these new neurons play a pivotal role in spatial learning, memory, and mood regulation. As such, interest is gathering to develop strategies to harness the brain's endogenous reservoir of stem and progenitor cells, with the view that newborn neurons may help overcome the loss of neural and cognitive function that occurs during neurodegenerative disease and psychiatric illness. Here we review evidence for the presence of endogenous stem cell populations in the adult hippocampus, especially large pools of latent stem and precursor cells, and the ways in which these populations can be stimulated to produce new neurons. While the translation of this research from animal models to human application is still in its infancy, understanding in detail the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate endogenous neurogenesis, offers the potential to use this innate reservoir of precursors to produce neurons that may be able to mitigate against cognitive decline and mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanel J Taylor
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jhaveri DJ, Taylor CJ, Bartlett PF. Activation of different neural precursor populations in the adult hippocampus: Does this lead to new neurons with discrete functions? Dev Neurobiol 2012; 72:1044-58. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|