1
|
Garner T, Clayton P, Højby M, Murray P, Stevens A. Gene Expression Signatures Predict First-Year Response to Somapacitan Treatment in Children With Growth Hormone Deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1214-1221. [PMID: 38066644 PMCID: PMC11031233 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The pretreatment blood transcriptome predicts growth response to daily growth hormone (GH) therapy with high accuracy. OBJECTIVE Investigate response prediction using pretreatment transcriptome in children with GH deficiency (GHD) treated with once-weekly somapacitan, a novel long-acting GH. METHODS REAL4 is a randomized, multinational, open-label, active-controlled parallel group phase 3 trial, comprising a 52-week main phase and an ongoing 3-year safety extension (NCT03811535). A total of 128/200 treatment-naïve prepubertal children with GHD consented to baseline blood transcriptome profiling. They were randomized 2:1 to subcutaneous somapacitan (0.16 mg/kg/week) or daily GH (0.034 mg/kg/day). Differential RNA-seq analysis and machine learning were used to predict therapy response. RESULTS 121/128 samples passed quality control. Children treated with somapacitan (n = 76) or daily GH (n = 45) were categorized based on fastest and slowest growing quartiles at week 52. Prediction of height velocity (HV; cm/year) was excellent for both treatments (out of bag [OOB] area under curve [AUC]: 0.98-0.99; validation AUC: 0.83-0.84), as was prediction of secondary markers of growth response: HV standard deviation score (SDS) (0.99-1.0; 0.75-0.78), change from baseline height SDS (ΔHSDS) (0.98-1.0; 0.61-0.75), and change from baseline insulin-like growth factor-I SDS (ΔIGF-I SDS) (0.96-1.0; 0.85-0.88). Genes previously identified as predictive of GH therapy response were consistently better at predicting the fastest growers in both treatments in this study (OOB AUC: 0.93-0.97) than the slowest (0.67-0.85). CONCLUSION Pretreatment transcriptome predicts first-year growth response in somapacitan-treated children with GHD. A common set of genes can predict the treatment response to both once-weekly somapacitan and conventional daily GH. This approach could potentially be developed into a clinically applicable pretreatment test to improve clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terence Garner
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Peter Clayton
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Michael Højby
- Novo Nordisk, Clinical Drug Development, 2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - Philip Murray
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Adam Stevens
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moreno JP, Musaad S, Dadabhoy H, Baranowski T, Crowley SJ, Thompson D, Chen TA, Johnston CA. Seasonality of Children’s Height and Weight and Their Contribution to Accelerated Summer Weight Gain. Front Physiol 2022; 13:793999. [PMID: 35665226 PMCID: PMC9159375 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.793999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While children have been shown to have increased BMI during the summer compared to the school year, it is not known if this may be due to seasonal variations in height or weight separately. Methods: Trained nurses measured heights (cm) and weights (kg) in a cohort of Kindergarteners (n = 7648) twice per year from the beginning of kindergarten through 5th grade. Variation in height and weight by season (school year vs. summer) was examined using separate mixed-effects models. Season, sex, and BMI trajectory group were tested as fixed effects. Random effects included repeated measurements of time, students nested within a school, intercept, and slope for growth over time. Similar models using BMIz as the outcome examined the interaction of height or weight with season. Results: The rate of height gain was greater during the school year (∼Sept to April) compared to summer (∼April to Sept) (β = -0.05, SE = 0.013, p < 0.0001). The rate of weight gain did not differ seasonally. Height gain was more strongly associated with increased BMIz during summer compared to the school year (β =.02, SE = 0.005, p <0 .0001), mainly among children who remained healthy weight throughout elementary school (β = 0.014, SE = 0.003, p < 0.0001) and those who transitioned to a healthier weight status (β = 0.026, SE = 0.008, p = 0.004). We found a similar seasonal effect for the association between weight with BMIz among children who maintained a healthy weight status (β = 0.014, SE = 0.014, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: This study indicates seasonality in children’s height gain, gaining height at a faster rate during the school year compared to the summer, while weight gain remained relatively more consistent throughout the year. Seasonality in height and weight gain had the greatest impact on BMIz among children with a healthy weight status. Future research with more frequent measurements is needed to better understand the seasonal regulation of children’s growth and weight gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennette P. Moreno
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Pediatrics-Nutrition, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Jennette P. Moreno,
| | - Salma Musaad
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Pediatrics-Nutrition, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hafza Dadabhoy
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Pediatrics-Nutrition, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tom Baranowski
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Pediatrics-Nutrition, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Stephanie J. Crowley
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Debbe Thompson
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Pediatrics-Nutrition, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tzuan A. Chen
- HEALTH Research Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Craig A. Johnston
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stevens A, Murray P, De Leonibus C, Garner T, Koledova E, Ambler G, Kapelari K, Binder G, Maghnie M, Zucchini S, Bashnina E, Skorodok J, Yeste D, Belgorosky A, Siguero JPL, Coutant R, Vangsøy-Hansen E, Hagenäs L, Dahlgren J, Deal C, Chatelain P, Clayton P. Gene expression signatures predict response to therapy with growth hormone. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2021; 21:594-607. [PMID: 34045667 PMCID: PMC8455334 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-021-00237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH) is used as a therapeutic agent for disorders of growth including growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and Turner syndrome (TS). Treatment is costly and current methods to model response are inexact. GHD (n = 71) and TS patients (n = 43) were recruited to study response to r-hGH over 5 years. Analysis was performed using 1219 genetic markers and baseline (pre-treatment) blood transcriptome. Random forest was used to determine predictive value of transcriptomic data associated with growth response. No genetic marker passed the stringency criteria for prediction. However, we identified an identical set of genes in both GHD and TS whose expression could be used to classify therapeutic response to r-hGH with a high accuracy (AUC > 0.9). Combining transcriptomic markers with clinical phenotype was shown to significantly reduce predictive error. This work could be translated into a single genomic test linked to a prediction algorithm to improve clinical management. Trial registration numbers: NCT00256126 and NCT00699855.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Stevens
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Philip Murray
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Chiara De Leonibus
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Terence Garner
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elena Bashnina
- North-Western State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Julia Skorodok
- Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Diego Yeste
- Hospital Materno Infantil Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jovanna Dahlgren
- University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cheri Deal
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Chatelain
- Department Pediatrie, Hôpital Mère-Enfant-Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Peter Clayton
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stevens A, Perchard R, Garner T, Clayton P, Murray P. Pharmacogenomics applied to recombinant human growth hormone responses in children with short stature. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:135-143. [PMID: 33712998 PMCID: PMC7979669 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We present current knowledge concerning the pharmacogenomics of growth hormone therapy in children with short stature. We consider the evidence now emerging for the polygenic nature of response to recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH). These data are related predominantly to the use of transcriptomic data for prediction. The impact of the complex interactions of developmental phenotype over childhood on response to r-hGH are discussed. Finally, the issues that need to be addressed in order to develop a clinical test are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Stevens
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, The Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Reena Perchard
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, The Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Terence Garner
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, The Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Clayton
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, The Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Philip Murray
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, The Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Regional Differences in Height, Weight, and Body Composition may Result from Photoperiodic Responses: An Ecological Analysis of Japanese Children and Adolescents. J Circadian Rhythms 2021; 19:3. [PMID: 33664773 PMCID: PMC7908924 DOI: 10.5334/jcr.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This ecological study examined whether geographical differences in the physique of Japanese children and adolescents can be explained from the perspective of photoperiodicity induced by effective day length (light duration exceeding a certain threshold of illuminance) using prefecture-level anatomical data and Mesh Climatic Data. Multiple regression analysis for height prediction demonstrated that when controlled by weight, effective day lengths of the longest and shortest months were inversely correlated with height distribution. Conversely, for weight prediction, when controlled by height, the effective day lengths of the longest and shortest months were positively correlated with weight distribution. The regression coefficients were greater for the effective day length of the shortest month in both height and weight prediction. This phenomenon where the same two explanatory variables are negatively correlated with height and positively correlated with weight in a significant manner is rare, and there may be no physiological interpretation of this phenomenon other than one based on changes in thyroid hormone signaling. These distribution characteristics are common to the photoperiodicity by which seasonal breeding vertebrates reciprocally switch thyroid hormone signaling according to prior photoperiodic history through epigenetic functions. From these perspectives, thyroid hormone signaling in a certain region was assumed to be activated in summer according to the prior shorter winter day length and inactivated in winter according to the prior longer summer day length. Regarding the prevalence of obesity, the coexistence of longer summer and winter day lengths was thought to set body composition to be short and fat in early adolescence.
Collapse
|
6
|
Bagci S, Sabir H, Müller A, Reiter RJ. Effects of altered photoperiod due to COVID-19 lockdown on pregnant women and their fetuses. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:961-973. [PMID: 32519912 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1772809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Maternal circadian rhythms provide highly important input into the entrainment and programming of fetal and newborn circadian rhythms. The light-dark cycle is an important regulator of the internal biological clock. Even though pregnant women spend a greater part of the day at home during the latter stages of pregnancy, natural light exposure is crucial for the fetus. The current recommended COVID-19 lockdown might dramatically alter normal environmental lighting conditions of pregnant women, resulting in exposure to extremely low levels of natural daylight and high-intensity artificial light sources during both day and night. This article summarizes the potential effects on pregnant woman and their fetuses due to prolonged exposure to altered photoperiod and as consequence altered circadian system, known as chronodisruption, that may result from the COVID-19 lockdown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Bagci
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital-University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - H Sabir
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital-University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - A Müller
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital-University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - R J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moreno JP, Crowley SJ, Alfano CA, Thompson D. Physiological mechanisms underlying children's circannual growth patterns and their contributions to the obesity epidemic in elementary school age children. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12973. [PMID: 31737994 PMCID: PMC7002188 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several studies since the 1990s have demonstrated that children increase their body mass index at a faster rate during summer months compared with the school year, leading some to conclude that the out-of-school summer environment is responsible. Other studies, however, have suggested that seasonality may play a role in children's height and weight changes across the year. This article reviews evidence for seasonal differences in the rate of children's height and weight gain and proposes potential physiological mechanisms that may explain these seasonal variations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennette P Moreno
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephanie J Crowley
- Biological Rhythm Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Candice A Alfano
- Sleep and Anxiety Center of Houston (SACH), Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Debbe Thompson
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Levin R, Zilli Vieira CL, Mordarski DC, Rosenbaum MH. Lead seasonality in humans, animals, and the natural environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 180:108797. [PMID: 31761335 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead adversely impacts the health of humans, animals, and the natural environment. Higher lead burdens in warm weather occur in humans, domesticated and wild animals; land and water species; urban and rural, developed and pristine environments. The array of evidence suggests that lead seasonality is multifactorial within the natural world, including humans. Seasonally higher temperatures, solar radiation, humidity and anthropogenic pollution result in lower pH (acidification) in air, water and soil. Environmental acidification increases lead's bioavailability and mobility thus intensifying human, animal and plant exposures. In addition, lead seasonality in the biosphere is influenced by higher growth rates, slightly increased exposures, and more Vitamin D metabolism. Methodologically, we applied a One Health perspective to EPA's Integrated Science Assessments of Lead to review the published literature, supplemented with subsequent and related publications to assess data on the seasonality of lead exposure across species and through the earth's systems. Our integrated assessment suggests that: 1) 'Seasonality' is a multifactorial, terrestrial phenomenon affecting the natural world; human activities have exacerbated natural cyclicities that impact lead exposures across species. 2) To be sustainable, human lead remediation strategies must consider the total environment. 3) Global warming and climate change events may increase lead exposures and toxicity to all species throughout the natural environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie Levin
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Carolina L Zilli Vieira
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | | | - Marieke H Rosenbaum
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
VanWormer JJ, Kieke BA, Hanrahan LP, Pomeroy JJ, Mundy A, Schoeller DA. Circannual growth in Wisconsin children and adolescents: Identifying optimal periods of obesity prevention. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12572. [PMID: 31595686 PMCID: PMC6920552 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest kids tend to gain the most weight in summer, but schools are chastised for supporting obesogenic environments. Conclusions on circannual weight gain are hampered by infrequent body mass index (BMI) measurements, and guidance is limited on the optimal timeframe for paediatric weight interventions. OBJECTIVES This study characterized circannual trends in BMI in Wisconsin children and adolescents and identified sociodemographic differences in excess weight gain. METHODS An observational study was used to pool data from 2010 to 2015 to examine circannual BMI z-score trends for Marshfield Clinic patients age 3 to 17 years. Daily 0.20, 0.50, and 0.80 quantiles of BMI z-score were estimated, stratified by gender, race, and age. RESULTS BMI z-scores increased July to September, followed by a decrease in October to December, and another increase to decrease cycle beginning in February. For adolescents, the summer increase in BMI was greater among those in the upper BMI z-score quantile relative to those in the lower quantile (+0.15 units vs +0.04 units). This pattern was opposite in children. CONCLUSIONS BMI increased most rapidly in late summer. This growth persisted through autumn in adolescents who were larger, suggesting weight management support may be beneficial for kids who are overweight at the start of the school year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. VanWormer
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute (Marshfield, WI)
| | - Burney A. Kieke
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute (Marshfield, WI)
| | - Lawrence P. Hanrahan
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin (Madison, WI)
| | - Jeremy J. Pomeroy
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute (Marshfield, WI)
| | - Alex Mundy
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin (Madison, WI)
| | - Dale A. Schoeller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin (Madison, WI)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang Y, Dong F, Liu X, Xu J, Wu X, Zheng Y. Dysregulation of circadian rhythm in zebrafish (Danio rerio) by thifluzamide: Involvement of positive and negative regulators. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:280-287. [PMID: 31260868 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thifluzamide as a fungicide is toxic to brain of zebrafish embryos. Brain can regulate biological rhythms. To clarify whether thifluzamide would influence circadian rhythms, zebrafish embryos were treated with thifluzamide (0, 0.19, 1.90 and 2.85 mg/L) for 4 days. Exposure to thifluzamide induced pronounced changes in embryo brain and melatonin levels. The mRNA levels of genes related to circadian rhythms were apparently altered. Among these, the transcripts of cry1ba and clock1 were extremely correlated with exposure concentrations. Importantly, the content of cry1 showed no apparent changes, but the clock level was dramatically increased. Moreover, consistent with the inhibition of development and behavior, the levels of GH and DA were significantly inhibited. In addition, the expression levels of genes related to development, behavior and reproduction were significantly changed by thifluzamide. Therefore, we speculated that circadian disruption due to thifluzamide exposure were primarily attributed to increases in expression of clock1a and contents of clock, which might be at least in part responsible for abnormal development and behavior of zebrafish. In addition, our research will provide important insights into the grouped assessment of SDHI pesticides in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang Y, Dong F, Liu X, Xu J, Wu X, Zheng Y. Flutolanil affects circadian rhythm in zebrafish (Danio rerio) by disrupting the positive regulators. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 228:649-655. [PMID: 31063912 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are fundamental to behavior and physiology of organisms. Flutolanil as a fungicide is toxic to zebrafish embryos. The aims of this study were to determine whether flutolanil would influence circadian rhythms of zebrafish and the mechanism involved. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to flutolanil (0, 0.125, 0.5 and 2 mg/L) for 4 days. Here we report that flutolanil increased the melatonin levels of zebrafish. The mRNA levels of genes related to circadian rhythms were significantly altered. The clock level was significantly increased, but the content of cry1 showed no apparent changes. Moreover, our findings that the level of GH was significantly decreased were consistent with the abnormal development of zebrafish embryos. The expression levels of genes related to development, behavior and reproduction were significantly altered by flutolanil. These results indicate that flutolanil disturbed circadian rhythms of zebrafish primarily by affecting the positive elements, which were at least in partial responsible for abnormal development and behavior of zebrafish. And we speculate that flutolanil is toxic to zebrafish embryos at least in part via dysregulation of circadian rhythms involving clock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Day length may make geographical difference in body size and proportions: An ecological analysis of Japanese children and adolescents. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210265. [PMID: 30668608 PMCID: PMC6342304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a north-south gradient in the body heights of Japanese children. A hypothesis had previously been proposed that differences in thyroid hormone activity induced by geographical differences in effective day length (duration of photoperiod exceeding a predetermined light intensity) might cause the differences in height. If thyroid hormone is involved, the effect should extend to body weight. This study examined whether geographical differences in body height and weight can be explained in terms of thyroid hormone activity induced by geographical differences in the photoperiodic environment using prefecture-level anatomical data and Japanese Mesh Climatic Data. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the combination of effective day length and weight was statistically significant as a predictor of height. Controlling for body weight revealed that effective day length was inversely correlated with height. Multiple regression analysis revealed that a combination of effective day length and height was statistically significant as a predictor of weight. Controlling for height demonstrated that effective day length was positively correlated with weight. Assuming an inverse correlation between effective day length and thyroid hormone activity, these results appear to show that short day-length will increase the activity of thyroid hormone and contribute to increasing height, but will inhibit weight gain; in contrast, long day-length will decrease the activity of thyroid hormone and contribute to increasing weight but will inhibit height gain. Geographical differences in height, and weight, and part of the prevalence of obesity in Japanese children and early adolescents may be explained by geographical differences in effective day length.
Collapse
|
13
|
Murray PG, Stevens A, De Leonibus C, Koledova E, Chatelain P, Clayton PE. Transcriptomics and machine learning predict diagnosis and severity of growth hormone deficiency. JCI Insight 2018; 3:93247. [PMID: 29618660 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of gene expression data on diagnosis remains limited. Here, we show how diagnosis and classification of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) can be achieved from a single blood sample using a combination of transcriptomics and random forest analysis. METHODS Prepubertal treatment-naive children with GHD (n = 98) were enrolled from the PREDICT study, and controls (n = 26) were acquired from online data sets. Whole blood gene expression was correlated with peak growth hormone (GH) using rank regression and a random forest algorithm tested for prediction of the presence of GHD and in classification of GHD as severe (peak GH <4 μg/l) and nonsevere (peak ≥4 μg/l). Performance was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). RESULTS Rank regression identified 347 probe sets in which gene expression correlated with peak GH concentrations (r = ± 0.28, P < 0.01). These 347 probe sets yielded an AUC-ROC of 0.95 for prediction of GHD status versus controls and an AUC-ROC of 0.93 for prediction of GHD severity. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates highly accurate diagnosis and disease classification for GHD using a combination of transcriptomics and random forest analysis. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT00256126 and NCT00699855. FUNDING Merck and the National Institute for Health Research (CL-2012-06-005).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip G Murray
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Stevens
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara De Leonibus
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ekaterina Koledova
- Global Medical Affairs Endocrinology, Global Medical, Safety & CMO Office, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Pierre Chatelain
- Department Pediatrie, Hôpital Mère-Enfant - Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Peter E Clayton
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Comparing the Behavioural Effects of Exogenous Growth Hormone and Melatonin in Young and Old Wistar Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5863402. [PMID: 28050228 PMCID: PMC5165162 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5863402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and melatonin are two hormones with quite different physiological effects. Curiously, their secretion shows parallel and severe age-related reductions. This has promoted many reports for studying the therapeutic supplementation of both hormones in an attempt to avoid or delay the physical, physiological, and psychological decay observed in aged humans and in experimental animals. Interestingly, the effects of the external administration of low doses of GH and of melatonin were surprisingly similar, as both hormones caused significant improvements in the functional capabilities of aged subjects. The present report aims at discerning the eventual difference between cognitive and motor effects of the two hormones when administered to young and aged Wistar rats. The effects were tested in the radial maze, a test highly sensitive to the age-related impairments in working memory and also in the rotarod test, for evaluating the motor coordination. The results showed that both hormones caused clear improvements in both tasks. However, while GH improved the cognitive capacity and, most importantly, the physical stamina, the effects of melatonin should be attributed to its antioxidant, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective properties.
Collapse
|
15
|
Stevens A, Murray P, Wojcik J, Raelson J, Koledova E, Chatelain P, Clayton P. Validating genetic markers of response to recombinant human growth hormone in children with growth hormone deficiency and Turner syndrome: the PREDICT validation study. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 175:633-643. [PMID: 27651465 PMCID: PMC5097129 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the response to recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH) have previously been identified in growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and Turner syndrome (TS) children in the PREDICT long-term follow-up (LTFU) study (Nbib699855). Here, we describe the PREDICT validation (VAL) study (Nbib1419249), which aimed to confirm these genetic associations. DESIGN AND METHODS Children with GHD (n = 293) or TS (n = 132) were recruited retrospectively from 29 sites in nine countries. All children had completed 1 year of r-hGH therapy. 48 SNPs previously identified as associated with first year growth response to r-hGH were genotyped. Regression analysis was used to assess the association between genotype and growth response using clinical/auxological variables as covariates. Further analysis was undertaken using random forest classification. RESULTS The children were younger, and the growth response was higher in VAL study. Direct genotype analysis did not replicate what was found in the LTFU study. However, using exploratory regression models with covariates, a consistent relationship with growth response in both VAL and LTFU was shown for four genes - SOS1 and INPPL1 in GHD and ESR1 and PTPN1 in TS. The random forest analysis demonstrated that only clinical covariates were important in the prediction of growth response in mild GHD (>4 to <10 μg/L on GH stimulation test), however, in severe GHD (≤4 μg/L) several SNPs contributed (in IGF2, GRB10, FOS, IGFBP3 and GHRHR). CONCLUSIONS The PREDICT validation study supports, in an independent cohort, the association of four of 48 genetic markers with growth response to r-hGH treatment in both pre-pubertal GHD and TS children after controlling for clinical/auxological covariates. However, the contribution of these SNPs in a prediction model of first-year response is not sufficient for routine clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Stevens
- Faculty of BiologyMedicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Philip Murray
- Faculty of BiologyMedicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Chatelain
- Department PediatrieHôpital Mère-Enfant - Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Peter Clayton
- Faculty of BiologyMedicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chronobiological Hypothesis about the Association Between Height Growth Seasonality and Geographical Differences in Body Height According to Effective Day Length. J Circadian Rhythms 2016. [PMCID: PMC5388030 DOI: 10.5334/jcr.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on growth hormone therapy in children have shown that height velocity is greater in summer than in winter and that this difference increases with latitude. It is hypothesized that summer daylight is a causative factor and that geographical distribution of body height will approximate the distribution of summer day length over time. This is an ecological analysis of prefecture-level data on the height of Japanese youth. Mesh climatic data of effective day length were collated. While height velocity was greatest during the summer, the height of Japanese youth was strongly and negatively correlated with the distribution of winter effective day length. Therefore, it is anticipated that summer height velocity is greater according to winter day length (dark period). This may be due to epigenetic modifications, involving reversible DNA methylation and thyroid hormone regulation found in the reproductive system of seasonal breeding vertebrates. If the function is applicable to humans, summer height growth may quantitatively increase with winter day length, and height growth seasonality can be explained by thyroid hormone activities that-induced by DNA methylation-change depending on the seasonal difference in day length. Moreover, geographical differences in body height may be caused by geographical differences in effective day length, which could influence melatonin secretion among subjects who spend a significant time indoors.
Collapse
|