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Tomassetti M, Marini F, Pezzilli R, Castrucci M, Di Natale C, Campanella L. Improvement of Qualitative Analyses of Aliphatic Alcohols Using Direct Catalytic Fuel Cell and Chemometric Analysis Format. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3209. [PMID: 38794063 PMCID: PMC11124824 DOI: 10.3390/s24103209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Direct catalytic methanol fuel cells (DCMFCs) have been studied for several years for energy conversion. Less extensive is the investigation of their analytical properties. In this paper, we demonstrate that the behavior of both the discharge and charger curves of DCMFCs depends on the chemical composition of the solution injected in the fuel cell. Their discharge and charge curves, analyzed using a chemometric data fusion method named ComDim, enable the identification of various types of aliphatic alcohols diluted in water. The results also show that the identification of alcohols can be obtained from the first portion of the discharge and charge curves. To this end, the curves have been described by a set of features related to the slope and intercept of the initial portion of the curves. The ComDim analysis of this set of features shows that the identification of alcohols can be obtained in a time that is about thirty times shorter than the time taken to achieve steady-state voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Tomassetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome, “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Federico Marini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome, “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Riccardo Pezzilli
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mauro Castrucci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome, “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luigi Campanella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome, “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (L.C.)
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González-Rámila S, Sarriá B, Seguido MA, García-Cordero J, Mateos R, Bravo L. Olive pomace oil can improve blood lipid profile: a randomized, blind, crossover, controlled clinical trial in healthy and at-risk volunteers. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:589-603. [PMID: 36153442 PMCID: PMC9941261 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the effect of dietary consumption of olive pomace oil (OPO) on blood lipids (primary outcome) and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (blood pressure, inflammation and endothelial function as secondary outcomes). METHODS A randomized, controlled, blind, crossover intervention was carried out in healthy and at-risk (hypercholesterolemic) subjects. Participants consumed daily 45 g of OPO or high-oleic acid sunflower oil (HOSO) as control oil during 4 weeks. RESULTS OPO significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; P = 0.003) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B; P = 0.022) serum concentrations, and LDL/HDL ratio (P = 0.027) in healthy and at-risk volunteers. These effects were not observed with HOSO. Blood pressure, peripheral artery tonometry (PAT), endothelial function and inflammation biomarkers were not affected. CONCLUSIONS Regular consumption of OPO in the diet could have hypolipidemic actions in subjects at cardiovascular risk as well as in healthy consumers, contributing to CVD prevention. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NCT04997122, August 8, 2021, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana González-Rámila
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sarriá
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Seguido
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín García-Cordero
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Mateos
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Bravo
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Athanasiadis V, Chatzimitakos T, Bozinou E, Makris DP, Dourtoglou VG, Lalas SI. Olive Oil Produced from Olives Stored under CO 2 Atmosphere: Volatile and Physicochemical Characterization. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010030. [PMID: 36670892 PMCID: PMC9854864 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an alternative debittering technique for olives, invented and patented by Prof. Vassilis Dourtoglou, was employed. Olive fruits (Olea europaea cv. Megaritiki) were stored under CO2 atmosphere immediately after harvest for a period of 15 days. After the treatment, a sensory evaluation between the olives stored under CO2 and those stored under regular atmospheric conditions (control) was performed. Additionally, the CO2-treated olives were used for the cold press of olive oil production. The volatile profile of the olive oil produced was analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of thirty different volatile compounds were detected. The volatile characteristics of olive oil are attributed, among others, to aldehydes, alcohols, esters, hydrocarbons, alkanes, and terpenes. The volatile compounds' analysis showed many differences between the two treatments. In order to compare the volatile profile, commercial olive oil was also used (produced from olives from the same olive grove with a conventional process in an industrial olive mill). The antioxidant activity, the content of bioactive compounds (polyphenols, α-tocopherol, carotenoids, and chlorophylls), and the fatty acids' profile were also determined. The results showed that the oil produced from CO2-treated olives contains different volatile components, which bestow a unique flavor and aroma to the oil. Moreover, this oil was found comparable to extra virgin olive oil, according to its physicochemical characteristics. Finally, the enhanced content in antioxidant compounds (i.e., polyphenols) not only rendered the oil more stable against oxidation but also better for human health. The overall quality of the olive oil was enhanced and, as such, this procedure holds great promise for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Athanasiadis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-24410-64783; Fax: +30-24410-64781
| | | | - Eleni Bozinou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Dimitris P. Makris
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Vassilis G. Dourtoglou
- Department of Wine, Vine, and Beverage Sciences, School of Food Science, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros I. Lalas
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
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Effect of Olive Pomace Oil on Cardiovascular Health and Associated Pathologies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193927. [PMID: 36235579 PMCID: PMC9573716 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: olive pomace oil (OPO) is a nutritionally relevant fat due to its high oleic acid content (C18:1) and the presence of a wide range of minor bioactive components. Although numerous in vitro and preclinical studies have been developed to study some of its characteristic components, the health effect of prolonged OPO consumption is unknown. Methods: a randomised, blinded, cross-over, controlled clinical trial was carried out in 31 normocholesterolemic and 37 hypercholesterolemic subjects. Participants consumed 45 g/day of OPO or sunflower oil (SO) for 4 weeks, each preceded by a 3-week run-in/wash-out phase with corn oil (CO). Results: regular consumption of OPO and SO had no statistically significant effect on any of the markers related to lipid profile, blood pressure, and endothelial function in both groups, except for eNOS levels, which were close to statistical significance due to the effect of oil (OPO and SO) (p = 0.083). A decrease in visceral fat (p = 0.028) in both groups was observed after OPO intake, accompanied by an increment of leptin (p = 0.017) in the hypercholesterolemic group. Conclusion: reducing visceral fat after prolonged OPO intake might contribute to improve cardiometabolic status, with a potentially positive effect on the vascular tone. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm the present results.
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González-Rámila S, Mateos R, García-Cordero J, Seguido MA, Bravo-Clemente L, Sarriá B. Olive Pomace Oil versus High Oleic Sunflower Oil and Sunflower Oil: A Comparative Study in Healthy and Cardiovascular Risk Humans. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152186. [PMID: 35892771 PMCID: PMC9331821 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive pomace oil (OPO) is mainly a source of monounsaturated fat together with a wide variety of bioactive compounds, such as triterpenic acids and dialcohols, squalene, tocopherols, sterols and aliphatic fatty alcohols. To date, two long-term intervention studies have evaluated OPO’s health effects in comparison with high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO, study-1) and sunflower oil (SO, study-2) in healthy and cardiovascular risk subjects. The present study integrates the health effects observed with the three oils. Two randomized, blinded, cross-over controlled clinical trials were carried out in 65 normocholesterolemic and 67 moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. Each study lasted fourteen weeks, with two four-week intervention phases (OPO versus HOSO or SO), each preceded by a three-week run-in or washout period. Regular OPO consumption reduced total cholesterol (p = 0.017) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.018) levels as well as waist circumference (p = 0.026), and only within the healthy group did malondialdehyde (p = 0.004) levels decrease after OPO intake versus HOSO. Contrarily, after the SO intervention, apolipoprotein (Apo) B (p < 0.001) and Apo B/Apo A ratio (p < 0.001) increased, and to a lower extent Apo B increased with OPO. There were no differences between the study groups. OPO intake may improve cardiometabolic risk, particularly through reducing cholesterol-related parameters and waist circumference in healthy and hypercholesterolemic subjects.
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Martínez R, Mesas C, Guzmán A, Galisteo M, López-Jurado M, Prados J, Melguizo C, Bermúdez F, Porres JM. Bioavailability and biotransformation of linolenic acid from basil seed oil as a novel source of omega-3 fatty acids tested on a rat experimental model. Food Funct 2022; 13:7614-7628. [PMID: 35731538 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00672c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Basil is an aromatic herb with a high concentration of bioactive compounds. The oil extracted from its seeds is a good source of α-linolenic acid (ALA) and also provides substantial amounts of linoleic acid (LA). This study aimed to test the bioavailability of the oil derived from basil seeds and its effects on different physiological parameters using 7-15% dietary inclusion levels. Furthermore, the assimilation of LA and ALA and their transformation in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) have been studied. Digestive utilization of total fat from basil seed oil (BSO) was high and similar to that of olive oil used as a control. Consumption of BSO resulted in increased LA and ALA levels of the plasma, liver, and erythrocyte membrane. In addition, the transformation of LA to arachidonic acid (ARA) was decreased by the high dietary intake of ALA which redirected the pathway of the Δ-6 desaturase enzyme towards the transformation of ALA into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). No alterations of hematological and plasma biochemical parameters were found for the 7 and 10% dietary inclusion levels of BSO, whereas a decrease in the platelet count and an increase in total- and HDL-cholesterol as well as plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were found for a 15% BSO dose. In conclusion, BSO is a good source of ALA to be transformed into EPA and decrease the precursor of the pro-inflammatory molecule ARA. This effect on the levels of EPA in different tissues offers potential for its use as a dietary supplement, novel functional food, or a constituent of nutraceutical formulations to treat different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Martínez
- Cellbitec S.L., N.I.F. B04847216, Scientific Headquarters of the Almería Technology Park, Universidad de Almería, 04128 La Cañada, Almería, Spain. .,Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - Cristina Mesas
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain. .,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Guzmán
- Cellbitec S.L., N.I.F. B04847216, Scientific Headquarters of the Almería Technology Park, Universidad de Almería, 04128 La Cañada, Almería, Spain. .,Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - Milagros Galisteo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - María López-Jurado
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - José Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain. .,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.,Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Consolación Melguizo
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain. .,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.,Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Bermúdez
- Cellbitec S.L., N.I.F. B04847216, Scientific Headquarters of the Almería Technology Park, Universidad de Almería, 04128 La Cañada, Almería, Spain.
| | - Jesus M Porres
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
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Sterols and Triterpene Diols in Virgin Olive Oil: A Comprehensive Review on Their Properties and Significance, with a Special Emphasis on the Influence of Variety and Ripening Degree. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7110493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Olive oil is considered one of the most valuable vegetable oils and is highly appreciated by consumers for its specific and distinguishable taste and aroma, as well as its nutritional value. Sterols and triterpene diols are important carriers of bioactive properties of olive oil and are responsible for some of the beneficial effects of its consumption on human health, such as lowering serum LDL-cholesterol levels and significantly reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The concentration of total sterols and the proportions of particular sterols and triterpene diols are among the parameters used to verify and prove the authenticity of olive oil in accordance with the EU and other countries’ regulations. Finally, their composition has been shown to have high discrimination potential for ensuring traceability with respect to variety, geographical origin, harvest date, and other factors. For these reasons, the research on sterols and triterpene diols in olive oil is an ever-growing field of scientific interest with great practical importance. This review focuses on all the important aspects of sterols and triterpene diols in olive oil, from their chemical structure, biosynthesis, occurrence and role in plants, health benefits, and their use in official controls of olive oil purity and authenticity, to a conclusive survey on the recent findings about the effects of different factors of influence on their content and composition, with a detailed comparative analysis of studies that investigated the effects of the two most important factors, variety and ripening degree.
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Vergallo C. Nutraceutical Vegetable Oil Nanoformulations for Prevention and Management of Diseases. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1232. [PMID: 32599957 PMCID: PMC7353093 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The scientific community is becoming increasingly interested in identifying, characterizing, and delivering nutraceuticals, which constitutes a multi-billion-dollar business. These bioactive agents are claimed to exhibit several health benefits, including the prevention and treatment of diseases such as arthritis, cancer, osteoporosis, cataracts, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases, heart, brain and metabolic disorders, etc. Nutraceuticals are typically consumed as part of a regular human diet and are usually present within foods, comprising vegetable oil, although at low levels and variable composition. Thus, it is difficult to control the type, amount and frequency of their ingestion by individuals. Nanoformulations about vegetable oil-based bioactive compounds with nutraceutical properties are useful for overcoming these issues, while improving the uptake, absorption, and bioavailability in the body. The purpose of this current study is to review papers on such nanoformulations, particularly those relevant for health benefits and the prevention and management of diseases, as well as bioactives extracted from vegetable oils enhancing the drug effectiveness, retrieved through bibliographic databases by setting a timespan from January 2000 to April 2020 (about 1758 records).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Vergallo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73010 Lecce, Italy
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Abstract
Olive-pomace oil is rich in oleic acid, and thus it can be an interesting dietary fat alternative as it can allow reaching the recommendation of consuming 20% of total diet energy in the form of monounsaturated fatty acids. In addition, olive-pomace oil also contains a wide range of minor components that may contribute to its healthy properties. The major components identified with healthy properties are triterpenic dialcohols and acids, squalene, tocopherols, sterols, fatty alcohols and phenolic compounds. The refining process, that the crude pomace-oil must undergo for commercial purposes, significantly reduces the content of phenolic compounds, while the other minor components remain at concentrations which can induce positive health effects, especially on cardiovascular health, outstanding pentacyclic triterpenes and aliphatic fatty alcohols in olive-pomace oil. Numerous in vitro and preclinical studies support that mainly the pure compounds, or extracts isolated from plant sources, play an important role in preventing cardiovascular disease and risk factors. Likewise, tocopherols, squalene and phytosterols, in addition to the minor fraction of phenolic compounds, have shown high biological activity with particular association to the cardiovascular function. In the light of the foregoing, and taking into consideration the absence of clinical studies with olive-pomace oil, it would be of great interest to develop randomized, crossover, controlled, double-blind studies to extend the knowledge and understanding on the health effects of olive-pomace olive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Mateos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sarria
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Bravo
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Balbino S, Dorić M, Vidaković S, Kraljić K, Škevin D, Drakula S, Voučko B, Čukelj N, Obranović M, Ćurić D. Application of cryogenic grinding pretreatment to enhance extractability of bioactive molecules from pumpkin seed cake. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Balbino
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Martina Dorić
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Silvija Vidaković
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Klara Kraljić
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Dubravka Škevin
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Saša Drakula
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Bojana Voučko
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Nikolina Čukelj
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Marko Obranović
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Duška Ćurić
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
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Giacometti J, Milin Č, Giacometti F, Ciganj Z. Characterisation of Monovarietal Olive Oils Obtained from Croatian cvs. Drobnica and Buza during the Ripening Period. Foods 2018; 7:foods7110188. [PMID: 30428616 PMCID: PMC6262327 DOI: 10.3390/foods7110188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was the monitoring of the chemical composition of olive oil at different ripening stages to determine the appropriate harvesting time during any given crop season in the northern Adriatic region. For this purpose, from September to November, two Croatian olive cultivars (Drobnica and Buza) were taken from two different olive orchards and for the respective olive oils, prepared on a laboratory scale, the major saponifiable, unsaponifiable and phenolic compounds were determined. Based on the chemical analyses performed, the optimal harvesting time has been set in October for both cultivars. Buza had a higher oleic acid, but lower total sterols, squalene and total alkanols. Compared to the local cultivars, the studied cultivars had a high total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity and concentrations of total phenols correlated with α-tocopherol in oil samples taken during the ripening progress. Finally, trace minerals detected in Buza and Drobnica oil differed, which can be an indicator of oxidative stability and authenticity of oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Giacometti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Čedomila Milin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
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Development of amperometric biosensors using screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with conducting polymer and nanomaterials for the analysis of ethanol, methanol and their mixtures. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Harrabi S, Ferchichi A, Bacheli A, Fellah H. Policosanol composition, antioxidant and anti-arthritic activities of milk thistle (Silybium marianum L.) oil at different seed maturity stages. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:82. [PMID: 29661192 PMCID: PMC5902937 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several anti-arthritic drugs and synthetic antioxidants have wide pharmaceutical uses and are often associated with various side effects on the human health. Dietary seed oils and their minor components like policosanol may offer an effective alternative treatment for arthritic and oxidative-stress related diseases. The biological effects of seed oils were affected by different parameters such as the stage of seed maturity. Hence, this study seeks to determine the policosanol content, antioxidant and anti-arthritic activities of milk thistle (Silybium marianum L.) oil extracted at various stages of seed maturation. METHODS Milk thistle oil samples were extracted from seeds collected at three maturation stages (immature, intermediate, and mature). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays were used to determine the antioxidant activity of the extracted oils. The anti-arthritic activity of oil samples was evaluated with bovine serum protein denaturation and egg albumin denaturation methods. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to determine the policosanol profile. RESULTS Policosanol profile, antioxidant and anti-arthritic activities of milk thistle oil were influenced by the seed maturity stages. The oil extracted from the immature seeds had the highest total policosanol content (987.68 mg/kg of oil) and displayed the maximum antiradical activity (96.42% and 90.35% for DPPH test and ABTS assay, respectively). Nine aliphatic alcohols were identified in the milk thistle oil. The dominant poliosanol in the mature seed oil was octacosanol (75.44%), while triacontanol was the major compound (40.25%) in the immature seed oil. Additionally, the maximum inhibition of bovine serum protein denaturation (92.53%) and egg albumin denaturation (86.36%) were observed in immature seed oil as compared to mature seed oil. A high correlation was found between the total policosanol content, anti-arthritic activity and antioxidant capacity of oil. CONCLUSIONS The milk thistle oil exhibited a potential anti-arthritic and antioxidant activities and that it might contribute to the protection of humans from a variety of diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Also, it could serve as natural antioxidant and anti-arthritic agents for application in the food industries and pharmaceutic. Policosanol level in the seed oils might contribute to their anti-arthritic and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saoussem Harrabi
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, LR99ES11, Faculty of Medicine Tunis, 15 street Djebel Lakhdar, Rabta, 1007, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Azza Ferchichi
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, LR99ES11, Faculty of Medicine Tunis, 15 street Djebel Lakhdar, Rabta, 1007, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Asma Bacheli
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, LR99ES11, Faculty of Medicine Tunis, 15 street Djebel Lakhdar, Rabta, 1007, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hayet Fellah
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, LR99ES11, Faculty of Medicine Tunis, 15 street Djebel Lakhdar, Rabta, 1007, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Quantification of Squalene in Olive Oil Using 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry3040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Sterol profiles of Tunisian virgin olive oils: classification among different cultivars and maturity indexes. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Seçmeler Ö, Güçlü Üstündağ Ö. A rapid in-house validated GC-FID method for simultaneous determination of lipophilic bioactives in olive oil: Squalene, α-tocopherol, and β-sitosterol. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Özge Seçmeler
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering; Yeditepe University; İstanbul Turkey
| | - Özlem Güçlü Üstündağ
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering; Yeditepe University; İstanbul Turkey
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17
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Choi SJ, Park SY, Park JS, Park SK, Jung MY. Contents and compositions of policosanols in green tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves. Food Chem 2016; 204:94-101. [PMID: 26988480 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Policosanol (PC) is a mixture of health promoting bioactive long-chain aliphatic alcohols. Here, we report that green tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves are the exceptionally rich plant-sources of PC. Young and tender leaves and old and turf leaves of C. sinensis were hand-picked in spring and autumn. The total contents of PC in the leaves were in the range of 726.2-1363.6mg/kg as determined by a GC-MS/MS. The compositions of PC in the leaves were different with harvest season and types. The total contents of PC in commercial green tea leaves were found to be in the range of 856.7-1435.1mg/kg. Interestingly, the infused green tea leaves contained the higher PC than the non-infused green tea product, reaching to 1629.4mg/kg. This represents the first report on the contents and compositions of PC in green tea leaves, showing unambiguous evidence of their potential as rich sources of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Ji Choi
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Graduate School, College of Food Science, Woosuk University, Samrea-Up, Wanju-Kun, Jeonbuk Province 565-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Park
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Graduate School, College of Food Science, Woosuk University, Samrea-Up, Wanju-Kun, Jeonbuk Province 565-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Park
- Korea Food Research Institute, Songnam-Si, Kyongki, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Park
- Department of Food Nutrition, Nambu University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Yhung Jung
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Graduate School, College of Food Science, Woosuk University, Samrea-Up, Wanju-Kun, Jeonbuk Province 565-701, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Guenane H, Bombarda I, OuldElhadj MD, Yousfi M. Effect of Maturation Degree on Composition of Fatty Acids and Tocopherols of Fruit Oil from Pistacia atlantica Growing Wild in Algeria. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501001023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pistacia atlantica fruit oil has been used for a long time by local populations for culinary and medicinal purposes. In this study, the fatty acid composition and tocopherol content were determined in twelve samples of P. atlantica fruit oil at three stages of maturation (immature, intermediate maturity and mature) collected in three different sites from the region of Laghouat. The results indicated a significant difference between the oil of mature fruits (green and black) and the immature ones (light red), which were distinguished by richness in unsaturated fatty acids and tocopherols. The oil from fruits of intermediate maturity (dark red) seems to combine these properties with those of the mature group, including oil yields. Such data emphasize the value of this oil, which needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Guenane
- Laboratoire des Sciences Fondamentales, Université Amar Télidji, Laghouat (03000), Algeria
| | - Isabelle Bombarda
- Aix Marseille Université, LISA, EA4672, Equipe METICA, 13397Marseille cedex 20, France
| | - Mohamed Didi OuldElhadj
- Laboratoire de Protection des Ecosystèmes en Zones Arides et Semi arides, Université KasdiMerbah, Ouargla (30000), Algeria
| | - Mohamed Yousfi
- Laboratoire des Sciences Fondamentales, Université Amar Télidji, Laghouat (03000), Algeria
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19
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20
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Fernández-Cuesta A, León L, Velasco L, De la Rosa R. Changes in squalene and sterols associated with olive maturation. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Barreira JCM, Oliveira MBPP, Ferreira ICFR. Development of a Novel Methodology for the Analysis of Ergosterol in Mushrooms. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Hernández-Soto R, Sandoval-Fabian G, Estarrón-Espinoza M, Cardador-Martínez A. Cuantificación de fitoesteroles en residuos industriales derivados de la molienda húmeda de maízQuantification of phytosterols in byproducts of the corn wet milling. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2010.482747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Jung DM, Lee MJ, Yoon SH, Jung MY. A gas chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometric analysis of policosanols in commercial vegetable oils. J Food Sci 2011; 76:C891-9. [PMID: 22417487 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Reportedly policosanols (PCs) have various beneficial functionalities on health. A gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) with a low limit of detection (LOD), and high specificity, recovery, and precision was successfully established for the PC analysis in vegetable oils. The LODs for the PCs were in the range of 0.002 to 0.016 μg/mL. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for the repeated analysis of PCs was less than 3.356%. The mean recoveries for spiked heptacosanol and octacosanol in vegetable oil were 102.3% and 106.3%, respectively. The total PC contents in the vegetable oils varied from 3.01 to 427.83 mg/kg oil. Perilla seed, grape seed, and rice bran oils were found to be highly rich sources of PCs, containing 427.83, 245.15, and 171.17 mg PCs/kg oil, respectively. Corn, sesame, and soybean oils contained only a negligible quantity of PCs. The PC composition in vegetable oils was greatly source dependent. In perilla seed oil, octacosanol was the single most predominant component, representing 55.93% of the total PC. In grape seed oil, however, hexacosanol is the most abundant PC, followed by octacosanol, tetracosanol, and triacontanol in a decreasing order. The major PCs in rice bran oil were triacontanol, octacosanol, hexacosanol, and tetracosanol, which constituted over 87.3% of the total PC. This represents the 1st report on the composition and contents of PC in most vegetable oils analyzed here. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The information might be used for the development of vegetable oil products with beneficial functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Min Jung
- College of Food Science, Woosuk Univ., Samrea-Up, Wanju-Kun, Jeonbuk Province 565-701, Republic of Korea
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24
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β-Carotene, squalene and waxes determined by chromatographic method in picual extra virgin olive oil obtained by a new cold extraction system. J Food Compost Anal 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Liu Y, Yong G, Xu Y, Zhu D, Tong H, Liu S. Simultaneous Determination of Free and Esterified Fatty Alcohols, Phytosterols and Solanesol in Tobacco Leaves by GC. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Multivariate analysis of NMR fingerprint of the unsaponifiable fraction of virgin olive oils for authentication purposes. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Ultrasound-assisted extraction and derivatization of sterols and fatty alcohols from olive leaves and drupes prior to determination by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1227-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 12/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Fernández-Arche A, Marquez-Martín A, Vazquez RDLP, Perona JS, Terencio C, Perez-Camino C, Ruiz-Gutierrez V. Long-chain fatty alcohols from pomace olive oil modulate the release of proinflammatory mediators. J Nutr Biochem 2009; 20:155-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 01/05/2008] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Lerma-García M, Ramis-Ramos G, Herrero-Martínez J, Gimeno-Adelantado J, Simó-Alfonso E. Characterization of the alcoholic fraction of vegetable oils by derivatization with diphenic anhydride followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric and mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:230-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Borodina EV, Kitaeva TA, Safonova EF, Selemenev VF, Nazarova AA. Determination of α-tocopherol and ergocalciferol by thin-layer chromatography. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193480711010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Martínez-Vidal JL, Garrido-Frenich A, Escobar-García MA, Romero-González R. LC–MS Determination of Sterols in Olive Oil. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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32
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Grandgirard A, Martine L, Demaison L, Cordelet C, Joffre C, Berdeaux O, Semon E. Oxyphytosterols are present in plasma of healthy human subjects. Br J Nutr 2007; 91:101-6. [PMID: 14748942 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20031025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The oxidised derivatives of phytosterols (oxyphytosterols) were identified in plasma samples from thirteen healthy human volunteers, using MS. All the samples contained noticeable quantities of (24R)-5β,6β-epoxy-24-ethylcholestan-3β-ol (β-epoxysitostanol) and (24R)-ethylcholestan-3β,5α,6β-triol (sitostanetriol) and also trace levels of (24R)-5α,6α-epoxy-24-ethylcholestan-3β-ol (α-epoxysitostanol), (24R)-methylcholestan-3β,5α,6β-triol (campestanetriol) and (24R)-ethylch olest-5-en-3β-ol-7-one(7-ketositosterol). The amounts of these oxyphytosterols in plasma varied from 4·8 to 57·2 ng/ml. There are two possibilities concerning the origin of these compounds. First, they could come from the small amounts of oxyphytosterols in food. Second, they could originate from thein vivooxidation of phytosterols in plasma. Very few data actually exist concerning these compounds. Their identification in human samples suggests that further research is necessary in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Grandgirard
- Unité de Nutrition Lipidique, INRA, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 DIJON cedex, France.
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33
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Nakić SN, Rade D, Škevin D, Štrucelj D, Mokrovčak Ž, Bartolić M. Chemical characteristics of oils from naked and husk seeds ofCucurbita pepo L. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200600161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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34
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Cortés JM, Sanchez R, Villén J, Vazquez A. Analysis of unsaponifiable compounds of edible oils by automated on-line coupling reversed-phase liquid chromatography-gas chromatography using the through oven transfer adsorption desorption interface. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:6963-8. [PMID: 16968049 DOI: 10.1021/jf060956e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
An automated method for analysis of unsaponifiable compounds in edible oils is presented. The method involves the on-line coupling of reversed-phase liquid chromatography and gas chromatography (LC-GC) using the through oven transfer adsorption desorption (TOTAD) interface. The oil is injected directly with no sample pretreatment step other than filtration. It may also be considered to dilute the oil sample. In the LC step, a short C4 column using a methanol/water eluent separates analytes from the other components of the oils, which are made up of mainly triglycerides. A LC fraction of up to 1.6 mL containing the analytes is transferred to GC at a flow rate of 0.1-2 mL/min. The TOTAD interface allows solvent venting and the introduction of the analytes into the GC column. The proposed fully automated method allows the analysis of different groups of compounds (free sterols, tocopherols, squalene, and erythrodiol and uvaol) in one chromatographic run or the analysis of these compounds in different groups. Sensitivity is more than necessary, and repeatability is good, the CV ranging from 3 to 12% for the full analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Manuel Cortés
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
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35
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A rapid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of β-sitosterol and tocopherol homologues in vegetable oils. J Food Compost Anal 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Díaz TG, Durán-Merás I, Rodríguez Cáceres MI, Murillo BR. Comparison of different fluorimetric signals for the simultaneous multivariate determination of tocopherols in vegetable oils. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2006; 60:194-202. [PMID: 16542571 DOI: 10.1366/000370206776023449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper deals with the simultaneous determination of the quaternary mixture of tocopherols (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-T) performed using fluorimetric techniques and partial least squares (PLS-1) multivariate analysis. In this study, PLS-1 was applied to matrices made up of fluorescence excitation and emission spectra (EEM) and with fluorescence excitation, emission, and synchronous spectra (EESM) of tocopherols dissolved in hexane: diethyl ether (70:30 v/v). A calibration set of 55 samples based in a central composite plus a full factorial plus a fractionated factorial design was constructed. When synthetic samples were analyzed, recoveries around 100% were obtained and detection limits were calculated using EEM and EESM. For the analysis of the oils, the samples, diluted in hexane, were cleaned in silica cartridges and tocopherols were eluted with hexane: diethyl ether (90:10 v/v). The developed method was applied to different edible oils. The results are satisfactory for alpha-, beta-, and gamma-, but they are worse for delta-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Galeano Díaz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
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37
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Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods for the characterisation of long-chain fatty acids. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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38
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Current awareness in phytochemical analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2001; 12:347-354. [PMID: 11708298 DOI: 10.1002/pca.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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