1
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Mahrt F, Huang Y, Zaks J, Devi A, Peng L, Ohno PE, Qin YM, Martin ST, Ammann M, Bertram AK. Phase Behavior of Internal Mixtures of Hydrocarbon-like Primary Organic Aerosol and Secondary Aerosol Based on Their Differences in Oxygen-to-Carbon Ratios. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3960-3973. [PMID: 35294833 PMCID: PMC8988305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The phase behavior, the number and type of phases, in atmospheric particles containing mixtures of hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is important for predicting their impacts on air pollution, human health, and climate. Using a solvatochromic dye and fluorescence microscopy, we determined the phase behavior of 11 HOA proxies (O/C = 0-0.29) each mixed with 7 different SOA materials generated in environmental chambers (O/C 0.4-1.08), where O/C represents the average oxygen-to-carbon atomic ratio. Out of the 77 different HOA + SOA mixtures studied, we observed two phases in 88% of the cases. The phase behavior was independent of relative humidity over the range between 90% and <5%. A clear trend was observed between the number of phases and the difference between the average O/C ratios of the HOA and SOA components (ΔO/C). Using a threshold ΔO/C of 0.265, we were able to predict the phase behavior of 92% of the HOA + SOA mixtures studied here, with one-phase particles predicted for ΔO/C < 0.265 and two-phase particles predicted for ΔO/C ≥ 0.265. The threshold ΔO/C value provides a relatively simple and computationally inexpensive framework for predicting the number of phases in internal SOA and HOA mixtures in atmospheric models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Mahrt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z1, Canada
- Laboratory
of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Yuanzhou Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - Julia Zaks
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - Annesha Devi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - Long Peng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z1, Canada
- Institute
for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Paul E. Ohno
- John
A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Center
for the Environment, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Yi Ming Qin
- John
A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Scot T. Martin
- John
A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Markus Ammann
- Laboratory
of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Allan K. Bertram
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z1, Canada
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2
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Keshavarz F. Molecular level insights into the direct health impacts of some organic aerosol components. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00231g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemistry and biomodeling indicate that the studied organic aerosol components cannot directly cause oxidative stress or mutagenicity/carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Keshavarz
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research
- Faculty of Science
- University of Helsinki
- FI-00014 Helsinki
- Finland
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3
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Zhou W, Xu W, Kim H, Zhang Q, Fu P, Worsnop DR, Sun Y. A review of aerosol chemistry in Asia: insights from aerosol mass spectrometer measurements. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:1616-1653. [PMID: 32672265 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00212g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic emissions in Asia have significantly increased during the last two decades; as a result, the induced air pollution and its influences on radiative forcing and public health are becoming increasingly prominent. The Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) has been widely deployed in Asia for real-time characterization of aerosol chemistry. In this paper, we review the AMS measurements in Asia, mainly in China, Korea, Japan, and India since 2001 and summarize the key results and findings. The mass concentrations of non-refractory submicron aerosol species (NR-PM1) showed large spatial distributions with high mass loadings occurring in India and north and northwest China (60.2-81.3 μg m-3), whereas much lower values were observed in Korea, Japan, Singapore and regional background sites (7.5-15.1 μg m-3). Aerosol composition varied largely in different regions, but was overall dominated by organic aerosols (OA, 32-75%), especially in south and southeast Asia due to the impact of biomass burning. While sulfate and nitrate showed comparable contributions in urban and suburban regions in north China, sulfate dominated inorganic aerosols in south China, Japan and regional background sites. Positive matrix factorization analysis identified multiple OA factors from different sources and processes in different atmospheric environments, e.g., biomass burning OA in south and southeast Asia and agricultural seasons in China, cooking OA in urban areas, and coal combustion in north China. However, secondary OA (SOA) was a ubiquitous and dominant aerosol component in all regions, accounting for 43-78% of OA. The formation of different SOA subtypes associated with photochemical production or aqueous-phase/fog processing was widely investigated. The roles of primary emissions, secondary production, regional transport, and meteorology on severe haze episodes, and different chemical responses of primary and secondary aerosol species to source emission changes and meteorology were also demonstrated. Finally, future prospects of AMS studies on long-term and aircraft measurements, water-soluble OA, the link of OA volatility, oxidation levels, and phase state were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029 Beijing, China.
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4
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Robinson ES, Donahue NM, Ahern AT, Ye Q, Lipsky E. Single-particle measurements of phase partitioning between primary and secondary organic aerosols. Faraday Discuss 2018; 189:31-49. [PMID: 27092377 DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00214a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Organic aerosols provide a measure of complexity in the urban atmosphere. This is because the aerosols start as an external mixture, with many populations from varied local sources, that all interact with each other, with background aerosols, and with condensing vapors from secondary organic aerosol formation. The externally mixed particle populations start to evolve immediately after emission because the organic molecules constituting the particles also form thermodynamic mixtures - solutions - in which a large fraction of the constituents are semi-volatile. The external mixtures are thus well out of thermodynamic equilibrium, with very different activities for many constituents, and yet also have the capacity to relax toward equilibrium via gas-phase exchange of semi-volatile vapors. Here we describe experiments employing quantitative single-particle mass spectrometry designed to explore the extent to which various primary organic aerosol particle populations can interact with each other or with secondary organic aerosols representative of background aerosol populations. These methods allow us to determine when these populations will and when they will not mix with each other, and then to constrain the timescales for that mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Shipley Robinson
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. and Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3337, USA
| | - Neil M Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Adam T Ahern
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Qing Ye
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Eric Lipsky
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. and Penn State Greater Allegheny, 4000 University Drive, McKeesport, Pennsylvania 15132, USA
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5
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Estillore AD, Morris HS, Or VW, Lee HD, Alves MR, Marciano MA, Laskina O, Qin Z, Tivanski AV, Grassian VH. Linking hygroscopicity and the surface microstructure of model inorganic salts, simple and complex carbohydrates, and authentic sea spray aerosol particles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:21101-21111. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04051b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles are mixtures of organics and salts that show diversity in their morphologies and water uptake properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando D. Estillore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | | | - Victor W. Or
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Hansol D. Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Iowa
- Iowa City
- USA
| | - Michael R. Alves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Meagan A. Marciano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Olga Laskina
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Iowa
- Iowa City
- USA
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Iowa
- Iowa City
- USA
| | | | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Department of Nanoengineering
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6
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von Schneidemesser E, Monks PS, Allan JD, Bruhwiler L, Forster P, Fowler D, Lauer A, Morgan WT, Paasonen P, Righi M, Sindelarova K, Sutton MA. Chemistry and the Linkages between Air Quality and Climate Change. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3856-97. [PMID: 25926133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul S Monks
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - David Fowler
- ∇Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council, Edinburgh EH26 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Lauer
- †Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, 14467 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Pauli Paasonen
- ○Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mattia Righi
- ◆Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, 82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - Katerina Sindelarova
- ¶UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Université Versailles St-Quentin; CNRS/INSU; LATMOS-IPSL, UMR 8190 Paris, France.,□Department of Atmospheric Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 116 36 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mark A Sutton
- ∇Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council, Edinburgh EH26 0QB, United Kingdom
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7
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Nozière B, Kalberer M, Claeys M, Allan J, D'Anna B, Decesari S, Finessi E, Glasius M, Grgić I, Hamilton JF, Hoffmann T, Iinuma Y, Jaoui M, Kahnt A, Kampf CJ, Kourtchev I, Maenhaut W, Marsden N, Saarikoski S, Schnelle-Kreis J, Surratt JD, Szidat S, Szmigielski R, Wisthaler A. The molecular identification of organic compounds in the atmosphere: state of the art and challenges. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3919-83. [PMID: 25647604 DOI: 10.1021/cr5003485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nozière
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Barbara D'Anna
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Irena Grgić
- ○National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Yoshiteru Iinuma
- ¶Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Kourtchev
- ‡University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Willy Maenhaut
- §University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.,□Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Jason D Surratt
- ▼University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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8
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Li R, Palm BB, Borbon A, Graus M, Warneke C, Ortega AM, Day DA, Brune WH, Jimenez JL, de Gouw JA. Laboratory studies on secondary organic aerosol formation from crude oil vapors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:12566-12574. [PMID: 24088179 DOI: 10.1021/es402265y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Airborne measurements of aerosol composition and gas phase compounds over the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in June 2010 indicated the presence of high concentrations of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from organic compounds of intermediate volatility. In this work, we investigated SOA formation from South Louisiana crude oil vapors reacting with OH in a Potential Aerosol Mass flow reactor. We use the dependence of evaporation time on the saturation concentration (C*) of the SOA precursors to separate the contribution of species of different C* to total SOA formation. This study shows consistent results with those at the DWH oil spill: (1) organic compounds of intermediate volatility with C* = 10(5)-10(6) μg m(-3) contribute the large majority of SOA mass formed, and have much larger SOA yields (0.37 for C* = 10(5) and 0.21 for C* = 10(6) μg m(-3)) than more volatile compounds with C*≥10(7) μg m(-3), (2) the mass spectral signature of SOA formed from oxidation of the less volatile compounds in the reactor shows good agreement with that of SOA formed at DWH oil spill. These results also support the use of flow reactors simulating atmospheric SOA formation and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Li
- Department of Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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9
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Frosch M, Bilde M, DeCarlo PF, Jurányi Z, Tritscher T, Dommen J, Donahue NM, Gysel M, Weingartner E, Baltensperger U. Relating cloud condensation nuclei activity and oxidation level ofα-pinene secondary organic aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Frosch
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. Bilde
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - P. F. DeCarlo
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry; Paul Scherrer Institut; Villigen Switzerland
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies; Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Z. Jurányi
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry; Paul Scherrer Institut; Villigen Switzerland
| | - T. Tritscher
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry; Paul Scherrer Institut; Villigen Switzerland
| | - J. Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry; Paul Scherrer Institut; Villigen Switzerland
| | | | - M. Gysel
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry; Paul Scherrer Institut; Villigen Switzerland
| | - E. Weingartner
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry; Paul Scherrer Institut; Villigen Switzerland
| | - U. Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry; Paul Scherrer Institut; Villigen Switzerland
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10
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Decesari S, Finessi E, Rinaldi M, Paglione M, Fuzzi S, Stephanou EG, Tziaras T, Spyros A, Ceburnis D, O'Dowd C, Dall'Osto M, Harrison RM, Allan J, Coe H, Facchini MC. Primary and secondary marine organic aerosols over the North Atlantic Ocean during the MAP experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Decesari
- Institute of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences; National Research Council of Italy; Bologna Italy
| | - E. Finessi
- Institute of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences; National Research Council of Italy; Bologna Italy
| | - M. Rinaldi
- Institute of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences; National Research Council of Italy; Bologna Italy
| | - M. Paglione
- Institute of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences; National Research Council of Italy; Bologna Italy
| | - S. Fuzzi
- Institute of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences; National Research Council of Italy; Bologna Italy
| | - E. G. Stephanou
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; University of Crete; Iraklio Greece
| | - T. Tziaras
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; University of Crete; Iraklio Greece
| | - A. Spyros
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; University of Crete; Iraklio Greece
| | - D. Ceburnis
- School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute; National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - C. O'Dowd
- School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute; National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - M. Dall'Osto
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - R. M. Harrison
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - J. Allan
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - H. Coe
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - M. C. Facchini
- Institute of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences; National Research Council of Italy; Bologna Italy
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11
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Pope FD, Dennis-Smither BJ, Griffiths PT, Clegg SL, Cox RA. Studies of Single Aerosol Particles Containing Malonic Acid, Glutaric Acid, and Their Mixtures with Sodium Chloride. I. Hygroscopic Growth. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:5335-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jp100059k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis D. Pope
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K., Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, U.K., and School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR34 7TJ, U.K
| | - Ben J. Dennis-Smither
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K., Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, U.K., and School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR34 7TJ, U.K
| | - Paul T. Griffiths
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K., Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, U.K., and School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR34 7TJ, U.K
| | - Simon L. Clegg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K., Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, U.K., and School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR34 7TJ, U.K
| | - R. Anthony Cox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K., Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, U.K., and School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR34 7TJ, U.K
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12
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Popovicheva OB, Kireeva ED, Shonija NK, Khokhlova TD. Water Interaction with Laboratory-Simulated Fossil Fuel Combustion Particles. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:10503-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jp905522s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. B. Popovicheva
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemical Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - E. D. Kireeva
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemical Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - N. K. Shonija
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemical Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - T. D. Khokhlova
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemical Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Last DJ, Nájera JJ, Percival CJ, Horn AB. A comparison of infrared spectroscopic methods for the study of heterogeneous reactions occurring on atmospheric aerosol proxies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:8214-25. [DOI: 10.1039/b901815h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Allen G, Vaughan G, Bower KN, Williams PI, Crosier J, Flynn M, Connolly P, Hamilton JF, Lee JD, Saxton JE, Watson NM, Gallagher M, Coe H, Allan J, Choularton TW, Lewis AC. Aerosol and trace-gas measurements in the Darwin area during the wet season. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Alfarra MR, Prevot ASH, Szidat S, Sandradewi J, Weimer S, Lanz VA, Schreiber D, Mohr M, Baltensperger U. Identification of the mass spectral signature of organic aerosols from wood burning emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:5770-7. [PMID: 17874785 DOI: 10.1021/es062289b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the winter months, the village of Roveredo, Switzerland, frequently experiences strong temperature inversions that contribute to elevated levels of particulate matter. Wood is used as fuel for 75% of the domestic heating installations in Roveredo, which makes it a suitable location to study wood burning emissions in the atmosphere in winter. An Aerodyne quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometer (Q-AMS) was used to characterize the composition of the submicrometer, non-refractory aerosol particles at this location during two field campaigns in March and December 2005. Wood burning was found to be a major source of aerosols at this location in winter. Organics dominated the composition of the aerosols from this source, contributing up to 85% of the total AMS measured mass during the afternoon and evening hours. Carbonaceous particle analysis showed that organic carbon composed up to 86% of the total carbon mass collected at evening times. Results from 14C isotope determination revealed that up to 94% of the organic mass came from non-fossil sources, which can be attributed mostlyto wood burning. The unique combination of off-line 14C isotope analysis and on-line aerosol mass spectrometry was used to identify periods during which organic mass was mainly from wood burning emissions and allowed for the identification of the AMS spectral signature of this source in the atmosphere. The identified ambient signature of wood burning was found to be very similar to the mass spectral signature obtained during the burning of chestnut wood samples in a small stove and also to the spectrum of levoglucosan. Particles from wood burning appeared to be composed of highly oxygenated organic compounds, and mass fragments 60, 73, and 137 have been suggested as marker fragments for wood burning aerosols. Mass fragment 44, which is used as a marker for oxygenated organic aerosols (OOA), contributed about 5% to the total organic signal from primary wood burning sources. The ratio of the organic mass emitted from wood burning to m/z 60 in Roveredo is 36. This ratio may be used to provide an estimate of the organic aerosol mass emitted from wood burning in other locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rami Alfarra
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
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16
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Rudich Y, Donahue NM, Mentel TF. Aging of organic aerosol: bridging the gap between laboratory and field studies. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2007; 58:321-52. [PMID: 17090227 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.58.032806.104432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of organics in aerosol particles affects the physical properties of aerosols through a process known as aging. Atmospheric particles compose a huge set of specific organic compounds, most of which have not been identified in field measurements. Laboratory experiments inevitably address model systems of reduced complexity to isolate critical chemical phenomena, but growing evidence suggests that composition effects may play a central role in the atmospheric aging of organic particles. In this review we seek to address the connections between recent laboratory studies and recent field campaigns addressing the aging of organic aerosols. We review laboratory studies on the uptake of oxidants, the evolution of particle-water interactions, and the evolution of particle density with aging. Finally, we review field data addressing condensed-phase lifetimes of organic tracers. These data suggest that although matrix effects identified in the laboratory have taken a step toward reconciling laboratory-field disagreements, further work is needed to understand the actual aging rates of organics in ambient particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinon Rudich
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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17
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Iinuma Y, Brüggemann E, Gnauk T, Müller K, Andreae MO, Helas G, Parmar R, Herrmann H. Source characterization of biomass burning particles: The combustion of selected European conifers, African hardwood, savanna grass, and German and Indonesian peat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Decesari S, Mircea M, Cavalli F, Fuzzi S, Moretti F, Tagliavini E, Facchini MC. Source attribution of water-soluble organic aerosol by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:2479-84. [PMID: 17438803 DOI: 10.1021/es061711l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The functional group compositions of atmospheric aerosol water-soluble organic compoundswere obtained employing proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy in a series of recent experiments in several areas of the world characterized by different aerosol sources and pollution levels. Here, we discuss the possibility of using 1H NMR functional group distributions to identifythe sources of aerosol in the different areas. Despite the limited variability of functional group compositions of atmospheric aerosol samples, characteristic 1H NMR fingerprints were derived for three major aerosol sources: biomass burning, secondary formation from anthropogenic and biogenic VOCs, and emission from the ocean. The functional group patterns obtained in areas characterized by one of the above dominant source processes were then compared to identify the dominant sources for samples coming from mixed sources. This analysis shows that H NMR spectroscopy can profitably be used as a valuable tool for aerosol source identification. In addition, compared to other existing methodologies, it is able to relate the source fingerprints to integral chemical properties of the organic mixtures, which determine their reactivity and their physicochemical properties and ultimately the fate of the organic particles in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Decesari
- Institute of Atmospheric Science and Climate, National Council of Research, Bologna 1-40129, Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna 1-40126.
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Canagaratna MR, Jayne JT, Jimenez JL, Allan JD, Alfarra MR, Zhang Q, Onasch TB, Drewnick F, Coe H, Middlebrook A, Delia A, Williams LR, Trimborn AM, Northway MJ, DeCarlo PF, Kolb CE, Davidovits P, Worsnop DR. Chemical and microphysical characterization of ambient aerosols with the aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2007; 26:185-222. [PMID: 17230437 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The application of mass spectrometric techniques to the real-time measurement and characterization of aerosols represents a significant advance in the field of atmospheric science. This review focuses on the aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), an instrument designed and developed at Aerodyne Research, Inc. (ARI) that is the most widely used thermal vaporization AMS. The AMS uses aerodynamic lens inlet technology together with thermal vaporization and electron-impact mass spectrometry to measure the real-time non-refractory (NR) chemical speciation and mass loading as a function of particle size of fine aerosol particles with aerodynamic diameters between approximately 50 and 1,000 nm. The original AMS utilizes a quadrupole mass spectrometer (Q) with electron impact (EI) ionization and produces ensemble average data of particle properties. Later versions employ time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometers and can produce full mass spectral data for single particles. This manuscript presents a detailed discussion of the strengths and limitations of the AMS measurement approach and reviews how the measurements are used to characterize particle properties. Results from selected laboratory experiments and field measurement campaigns are also presented to highlight the different applications of this instrument. Recent instrumental developments, such as the incorporation of softer ionization techniques (vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photo-ionization, Li+ ion, and electron attachment) and high-resolution ToF mass spectrometers, that yield more detailed information about the organic aerosol component are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Canagaratna
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Rd., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, USA.
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Murphy DM, Cziczo DJ, Froyd KD, Hudson PK, Matthew BM, Middlebrook AM, Peltier RE, Sullivan A, Thomson DS, Weber RJ. Single-particle mass spectrometry of tropospheric aerosol particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Murphy
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. J. Cziczo
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - K. D. Froyd
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. K. Hudson
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - B. M. Matthew
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - R. E. Peltier
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - A. Sullivan
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - D. S. Thomson
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. J. Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
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Donahue NM, Robinson AL, Stanier CO, Pandis SN. Coupled partitioning, dilution, and chemical aging of semivolatile organics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2006; 40:2635-43. [PMID: 16683603 DOI: 10.1021/es052297c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A unified framework of semi-volatile partitioning permits models to efficiently treat both semi-volatile primary emissions and secondary organic aerosol production (SOA), and then to treat the chemical evolution (aging) of the aggregate distribution of semi-volatile material. This framework also reveals critical deficiencies in current emissions and SOA formation measurements. The key feature of this treatment is a uniform basis set of saturation vapor pressures spanning the range of ambient organic saturation concentrations, from effectively nonvolatile material at 0.01 microg m(-3) to vapor-phase effluents at 100 mg m(-3). Chemical evolution can be treated by a transformation matrix coupling the various basis vectors. Using this framework, we show that semi-volatile partitioning can be described in a self-consistent way, with realistic behavior with respect to temperature and varying organic aerosol loading. The time evolution strongly suggests that neglected oxidation of numerous "intermediate volatility" vapors (IVOCs, with saturation concentrations above approximately 1 mg m(-3)) may contribute significantly to ambient SOA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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22
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Robinson AL, Donahue NM, Rogge WF. Photochemical oxidation and changes in molecular composition of organic aerosol in the regional context. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pratte P, Rossi MJ. The heterogeneous kinetics of HOBr and HOCl on acidified sea salt and model aerosol at 40–90% relative humidity and ambient temperature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:3988-4001. [PMID: 17028689 DOI: 10.1039/b604321f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The HOBr and HOCl uptake coefficient gamma on H(2)SO(4)-acidified submicron salt aerosol of known size distribution was measured in an atmospheric pressure laminar flow reactor. The interaction time of the trace gas with the aerosol was in the range 15 to 90 s and led to gamma values in the range 10(-4) to 10(-2). The acidity of the aerosol is essential in order to enable heterogeneous reactions of HOBr on NaCl, recrystallized sea salt (RSS) and natural sea salt (NSS) aerosols. Specifically, HOCl only reacts on acidified NSS aerosol with a gamma ranging from 0.4 x 10(-3) to 1.8 x 10(-3) at a relative humidity (rh) at 40 and 85%, respectively. Uptake experiments of HOBr on aqueous H(2)SO(4) as well as on H(2)SO(4)-acidified NaCl, RSS or NSS aerosol were performed for rh ranging from 40 to 93%. The gamma value of HOBr on acidified NSS reaches a maximum gamma = 1.9 x 10(-2) at rh = 76 +/- 1% and significantly decreases with increasing rh in contrast to acidified NaCl and RSS aerosols whose gamma values remain high at gamma = (1.0 +/- 0.2) x 10(-2) at rh >/= 80%. An explanation based on the formation of an organic coating on NSS aerosol with increasing rh is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Pratte
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de Pollution Atmosphérique et Sol, Bât CH H5, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Cox RA. Concluding remarks. Faraday Discuss 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b507549c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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