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Ward DD, Summers MJ, Valenzuela MJ, Srikanth VK, Summers JJ, King AE, Ritchie K, Robinson AL, Vickers JC. Associations of Later-Life Education, the BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism and Cognitive Change in Older Adults. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2021; 7:37-42. [PMID: 32010924 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2019.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In 358 participants of the Tasmanian Healthy Brain Project, we quantified the cognitive consequences of engaging in varying loads of university-level education in later life, and investigated whether or not BDNF Val66Met affected outcomes. Assessment of neuropsychological, health, and psychosocial function was undertaken at baseline, 12-month, and 24-month follow-up. Education load was positively associated with change in language processing performance, but this effect did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.064). The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism significantly moderated the extent to which education load was associated with improved language processing (P = 0.026), with education load having a significant positive relationship with cognitive change in BDNF Met carriers but not in BDNF Val homozygotes. In older adults who carry BDNF Met, engaging in university-level education improves language processing performance in a load-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Ward
- David D. Ward, Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, Private Bag 143, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
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2
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Al Kharusi S, Anton G, Badhrees I, Barbeau PS, Beck D, Belov V, Bhatta T, Breidenbach M, Brunner T, Cao GF, Cen WR, Chambers C, Cleveland B, Coon M, Craycraft A, Daniels T, Darroch L, Daugherty SJ, Davis J, Delaquis S, Der Mesrobian-Kabakian A, DeVoe R, Dilling J, Dolgolenko A, Dolinski MJ, Echevers J, Fairbank W, Fairbank D, Farine J, Feyzbakhsh S, Fierlinger P, Fudenberg D, Gautam P, Gornea R, Gratta G, Hall C, Hansen EV, Hoessl J, Hufschmidt P, Hughes M, Iverson A, Jamil A, Jessiman C, Jewell MJ, Johnson A, Karelin A, Kaufman LJ, Koffas T, Kostensalo J, Krücken R, Kuchenkov A, Kumar KS, Lan Y, Larson A, Lenardo BG, Leonard DS, Li GS, Li S, Li Z, Licciardi C, Lin YH, MacLellan R, McElroy T, Michel T, Mong B, Moore DC, Murray K, Nakarmi P, Njoya O, Nusair O, Odian A, Ostrovskiy I, Piepke A, Pocar A, Retière F, Robinson AL, Rowson PC, Ruddell D, Runge J, Schmidt S, Sinclair D, Skarpaas K, Soma AK, Stekhanov V, Suhonen J, Tarka M, Thibado S, Todd J, Tolba T, Totev TI, Tsang R, Veenstra B, Veeraraghavan V, Vogel P, Vuilleumier JL, Wagenpfeil M, Watkins J, Weber M, Wen LJ, Wichoski U, Wrede G, Wu SX, Xia Q, Yahne DR, Yang L, Yen YR, Zeldovich OY, Ziegler T. Measurement of the Spectral Shape of the β-Decay of ^{137}Xe to the Ground State of ^{137}Cs in EXO-200 and Comparison with Theory. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:232502. [PMID: 32603173 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.232502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on a comparison between the theoretically predicted and experimentally measured spectra of the first-forbidden nonunique β-decay transition ^{137}Xe(7/2^{-})→^{137}Cs(7/2^{+}). The experimental data were acquired by the EXO-200 experiment during a deployment of an AmBe neutron source. The ultralow background environment of EXO-200, together with dedicated source deployment and analysis procedures, allowed for collection of a pure sample of the decays, with an estimated signal to background ratio of more than 99 to 1 in the energy range from 1075 to 4175 keV. In addition to providing a rare and accurate measurement of the first-forbidden nonunique β-decay shape, this work constitutes a novel test of the calculated electron spectral shapes in the context of the reactor antineutrino anomaly and spectral bump.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Al Kharusi
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - G Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - I Badhrees
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - P S Barbeau
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - D Beck
- Physics Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - V Belov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - T Bhatta
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - M Breidenbach
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Brunner
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - G F Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
| | - W R Cen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
| | - C Chambers
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - B Cleveland
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - M Coon
- Physics Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - A Craycraft
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - T Daniels
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USA
| | - L Darroch
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - S J Daugherty
- Physics Department and CEEM, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - J Davis
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Delaquis
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - R DeVoe
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Dilling
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A Dolgolenko
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - M J Dolinski
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - J Echevers
- Physics Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - W Fairbank
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - D Fairbank
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - J Farine
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - S Feyzbakhsh
- Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - P Fierlinger
- Technische Universität München, Physikdepartment and Excellence Cluster Universe, Garching 80805, Germany
| | - D Fudenberg
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P Gautam
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - R Gornea
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - G Gratta
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - C Hall
- Physics Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - E V Hansen
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - J Hoessl
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - P Hufschmidt
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - M Hughes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - A Iverson
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - A Jamil
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - C Jessiman
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - M J Jewell
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Johnson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Karelin
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - L J Kaufman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Koffas
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - J Kostensalo
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 35 (YFL), Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
| | - R Krücken
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A Kuchenkov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - K S Kumar
- Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Y Lan
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A Larson
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - B G Lenardo
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D S Leonard
- IBS Center for Underground Physics, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - G S Li
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Li
- Physics Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Z Li
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - C Licciardi
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Y H Lin
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - R MacLellan
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - T McElroy
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - T Michel
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - B Mong
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D C Moore
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - K Murray
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - P Nakarmi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - O Njoya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - O Nusair
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - A Odian
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - I Ostrovskiy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - A Piepke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - A Pocar
- Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - F Retière
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A L Robinson
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - P C Rowson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D Ruddell
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USA
| | - J Runge
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - S Schmidt
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - D Sinclair
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - K Skarpaas
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A K Soma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - V Stekhanov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - J Suhonen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 35 (YFL), Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
| | - M Tarka
- Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - S Thibado
- Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - J Todd
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - T Tolba
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
| | - T I Totev
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - R Tsang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - B Veenstra
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - V Veeraraghavan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - P Vogel
- Kellogg Lab, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J-L Vuilleumier
- LHEP, Albert Einstein Center, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - M Wagenpfeil
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - J Watkins
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - M Weber
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - L J Wen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
| | - U Wichoski
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - G Wrede
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - S X Wu
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Q Xia
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - D R Yahne
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - L Yang
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Y-R Yen
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - O Ya Zeldovich
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - T Ziegler
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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Anton G, Badhrees I, Barbeau PS, Beck D, Belov V, Bhatta T, Breidenbach M, Brunner T, Cao GF, Cen WR, Chambers C, Cleveland B, Coon M, Craycraft A, Daniels T, Danilov M, Darroch L, Daugherty SJ, Davis J, Delaquis S, Der Mesrobian-Kabakian A, DeVoe R, Dilling J, Dolgolenko A, Dolinski MJ, Echevers J, Fairbank W, Fairbank D, Farine J, Feyzbakhsh S, Fierlinger P, Fudenberg D, Gautam P, Gornea R, Gratta G, Hall C, Hansen EV, Hoessl J, Hufschmidt P, Hughes M, Iverson A, Jamil A, Jessiman C, Jewell MJ, Johnson A, Karelin A, Kaufman LJ, Koffas T, Krücken R, Kuchenkov A, Kumar KS, Lan Y, Larson A, Lenardo BG, Leonard DS, Li GS, Li S, Li Z, Licciardi C, Lin YH, MacLellan R, McElroy T, Michel T, Mong B, Moore DC, Murray K, Njoya O, Nusair O, Odian A, Ostrovskiy I, Piepke A, Pocar A, Retière F, Robinson AL, Rowson PC, Ruddell D, Runge J, Schmidt S, Sinclair D, Soma AK, Stekhanov V, Tarka M, Todd J, Tolba T, Totev TI, Veenstra B, Veeraraghavan V, Vogel P, Vuilleumier JL, Wagenpfeil M, Watkins J, Weber M, Wen LJ, Wichoski U, Wrede G, Wu SX, Xia Q, Yahne DR, Yang L, Yen YR, Zeldovich OY, Ziegler T. Search for Neutrinoless Double-β Decay with the Complete EXO-200 Dataset. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:161802. [PMID: 31702371 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.161802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A search for neutrinoless double-β decay (0νββ) in ^{136}Xe is performed with the full EXO-200 dataset using a deep neural network to discriminate between 0νββ and background events. Relative to previous analyses, the signal detection efficiency has been raised from 80.8% to 96.4±3.0%, and the energy resolution of the detector at the Q value of ^{136}Xe 0νββ has been improved from σ/E=1.23% to 1.15±0.02% with the upgraded detector. Accounting for the new data, the median 90% confidence level 0νββ half-life sensitivity for this analysis is 5.0×10^{25} yr with a total ^{136}Xe exposure of 234.1 kg yr. No statistically significant evidence for 0νββ is observed, leading to a lower limit on the 0νββ half-life of 3.5×10^{25} yr at the 90% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - I Badhrees
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - P S Barbeau
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - D Beck
- Physics Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - V Belov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - T Bhatta
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - M Breidenbach
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Brunner
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2T8, Quebec, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - G F Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
| | - W R Cen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
| | - C Chambers
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - B Cleveland
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - M Coon
- Physics Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - A Craycraft
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - T Daniels
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USA
| | - M Danilov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - L Darroch
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2T8, Quebec, Canada
| | - S J Daugherty
- Physics Department and CEEM, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - J Davis
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Delaquis
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - R DeVoe
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Dilling
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A Dolgolenko
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - M J Dolinski
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - J Echevers
- Physics Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - W Fairbank
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - D Fairbank
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - J Farine
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - S Feyzbakhsh
- Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - P Fierlinger
- Physik Department and Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität München, Garching 80805, Germany
| | - D Fudenberg
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P Gautam
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - R Gornea
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - G Gratta
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - C Hall
- Physics Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - E V Hansen
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - J Hoessl
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - P Hufschmidt
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - M Hughes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - A Iverson
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - A Jamil
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - C Jessiman
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - M J Jewell
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Johnson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Karelin
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - L J Kaufman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Koffas
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - R Krücken
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A Kuchenkov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - K S Kumar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Y Lan
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A Larson
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - B G Lenardo
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D S Leonard
- IBS Center for Underground Physics, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - G S Li
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Li
- Physics Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Z Li
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - C Licciardi
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Y H Lin
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - R MacLellan
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - T McElroy
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2T8, Quebec, Canada
| | - T Michel
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - B Mong
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D C Moore
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - K Murray
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2T8, Quebec, Canada
| | - O Njoya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - O Nusair
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - A Odian
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - I Ostrovskiy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - A Piepke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - A Pocar
- Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - F Retière
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A L Robinson
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - P C Rowson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D Ruddell
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USA
| | - J Runge
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - S Schmidt
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - D Sinclair
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A K Soma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - V Stekhanov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - M Tarka
- Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - J Todd
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - T Tolba
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
| | - T I Totev
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2T8, Quebec, Canada
| | - B Veenstra
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - V Veeraraghavan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - P Vogel
- Kellogg Lab, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J-L Vuilleumier
- LHEP, Albert Einstein Center, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - M Wagenpfeil
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - J Watkins
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - M Weber
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - L J Wen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China
| | - U Wichoski
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - G Wrede
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - S X Wu
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Q Xia
- Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - D R Yahne
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - L Yang
- Physics Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Y-R Yen
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - O Ya Zeldovich
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - T Ziegler
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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Rahajamanana VL, Raboba JL, Rakotozanany A, Razafindraibe NJ, Andriatahirintsoa EJPR, Razafindrakoto AC, Mioramalala SA, Razaiarimanga C, Weldegebriel GG, Burnett E, Mwenda JM, Seheri M, Mphahlele MJ, Robinson AL. Impact of rotavirus vaccine on all-cause diarrhea and rotavirus hospitalizations in Madagascar. Vaccine 2017; 36:7198-7204. [PMID: 28958809 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus vaccine was introduced into the Extended Program on Immunization in Madagascar in May 2014. We analyzed trends in prevalence of all cause diarrhea and rotavirus hospitalization in children <5years of age before and after vaccine introduction and assessed trend of circulating rotavirus genotypes at Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Tsaralalàna (CHU MET). METHODS From January 2010 to December 2016, we reviewed the admission logbook to observe the rate of hospitalization caused by gastroenteritis among 19619 children <5years of age admitted at the hospital. In June 2013-December 2016, active rotavirus surveillance was also conducted at CHUMET with support from WHO. Rotavirus antigen was detected by EIA from stool specimen of children who are eligible for rotavirus gastroenteritis surveillance at sentinel site laboratory and rotavirus positive specimens were further genotyped at Regional Reference Laboratory by RT-PCR. RESULTS Diarrhea hospitalizations decreased after rotavirus vaccine introduction. The median proportion of annual hospitalizations due to diarrhea was 26% (range: 31-22%) before vaccine introduction; the proportion was 25% the year of vaccine introduction, 17% in 2015 and 16% in 2016. Rotavirus positivity paralleled patterns observed in diarrhea. Before vaccine introduction, 56% of stool specimens tested positive for rotavirus; the percent positive was 13% in 2015, 12% in 2016. Diverse genotypes were detected in the pre-vaccine period; the most common were G3P[8] (n=53; 66%), G2P[4] (n=12; 15%), and G1P[8] (n=11; 14%). 6 distinct genotypes were found in 2015; the most common genotype was G2P[4] (n=10; 67%), the remaining, 5, G12[P8], G3[P8], G1G3[P4], G3G12[P4][P8] and G1G3[NT] had one positive specimen each. CONCLUSIONS Following rotavirus vaccine introduction all-cause diarrhea and rotavirus-specific hospitalizations declined dramatically. The most common genotypes detected in the pre-vaccine period were G3P[8] and G2P[4] in 2015, the post vaccine period.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Rahajamanana
- Department of Child Health, Teaching Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Tsaralàlana, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
| | - J L Raboba
- Department of Child Health, Teaching Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Tsaralàlana, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - A Rakotozanany
- Department of Child Health, Teaching Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Tsaralàlana, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - N J Razafindraibe
- Teaching Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Andohatapenaka, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - A C Razafindrakoto
- Department of Child Health, Teaching Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Tsaralàlana, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - S A Mioramalala
- National Malaria Country Program, Public Health Ministry, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - G G Weldegebriel
- WHO Inter-Country Support Team: East and Southern Africa (WHO IST/ESA), Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - E Burnett
- Foundation for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, USA
| | - J M Mwenda
- World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Africa (WHO/AFRO), Brazzaville, Congo
| | - M Seheri
- Regional Rotavirus Reference Laboratory, SAMRC/Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M J Mphahlele
- Regional Rotavirus Reference Laboratory, SAMRC/Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A L Robinson
- Department of Child Health, Teaching Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Tsaralàlana, Antananarivo, Madagascar
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Platt SM, El Haddad I, Pieber SM, Zardini AA, Suarez-Bertoa R, Clairotte M, Daellenbach KR, Huang RJ, Slowik JG, Hellebust S, Temime-Roussel B, Marchand N, de Gouw J, Jimenez JL, Hayes PL, Robinson AL, Baltensperger U, Astorga C, Prévôt ASH. Gasoline cars produce more carbonaceous particulate matter than modern filter-equipped diesel cars. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4926. [PMID: 28706240 PMCID: PMC5509693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03714-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonaceous particulate matter (PM), comprising black carbon (BC), primary organic aerosol (POA) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA, from atmospheric aging of precursors), is a highly toxic vehicle exhaust component. Therefore, understanding vehicle pollution requires knowledge of both primary emissions, and how these emissions age in the atmosphere. We provide a systematic examination of carbonaceous PM emissions and parameterisation of SOA formation from modern diesel and gasoline cars at different temperatures (22, -7 °C) during controlled laboratory experiments. Carbonaceous PM emission and SOA formation is markedly higher from gasoline than diesel particle filter (DPF) and catalyst-equipped diesel cars, more so at -7 °C, contrasting with nitrogen oxides (NOX). Higher SOA formation from gasoline cars and primary emission reductions for diesels implies gasoline cars will increasingly dominate vehicular total carbonaceous PM, though older non-DPF-equipped diesels will continue to dominate the primary fraction for some time. Supported by state-of-the-art source apportionment of ambient fossil fuel derived PM, our results show that whether gasoline or diesel cars are more polluting depends on the pollutant in question, i.e. that diesel cars are not necessarily worse polluters than gasoline cars.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Platt
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, PO Box 100, 2027, Kjeller, Norway
| | - I El Haddad
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland.
| | - S M Pieber
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - A A Zardini
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Energy, Transport and Climate, Sustainable Transport Unit, 21027, Ispra, (VA), Italy
| | - R Suarez-Bertoa
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Energy, Transport and Climate, Sustainable Transport Unit, 21027, Ispra, (VA), Italy
| | - M Clairotte
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Energy, Transport and Climate, Sustainable Transport Unit, 21027, Ispra, (VA), Italy
| | - K R Daellenbach
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - R-J Huang
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - J G Slowik
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S Hellebust
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France
- Central Statistics Office, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - N Marchand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France
| | - J de Gouw
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J L Jimenez
- CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P L Hayes
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - A L Robinson
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - U Baltensperger
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - C Astorga
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Energy, Transport and Climate, Sustainable Transport Unit, 21027, Ispra, (VA), Italy
| | - A S H Prévôt
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland.
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Robinson AL, Timms LL, Stalder KJ, Tyler HD. 0108 The effect of novel antiseptic compounds on umbilical cord healing and infection rates in the first week of life in dairy calves. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Robinson AL, Tyler HD. 1751 A novel approach to adviser training for relational skills. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Naas T, Cuzon G, Robinson AL, Andrianirina Z, Imbert P, Ratsima E, Ranosiarisoa ZN, Nordmann P, Raymond J. Neonatal infections with multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing E. cloacae and K. pneumoniae in Neonatal Units of two different Hospitals in Antananarivo, Madagascar. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:275. [PMID: 27287441 PMCID: PMC4902894 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1580-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the molecular mechanism of ß-lactam resistance in extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterial strains isolated in neonatal units of different hospitals in Anatnanarivo, Madagascar. Methods Bacteria were identified by standard biochemical methods, disc diffusion antibiograms and Etest. Resistance genes were sought by PCR. Strains were characterized by Rep-PCR (Diversilab), plasmid analysis and rep-typing. Results From April 2012 to March 2013, 29 ESBL-producing E. cloacae and 15 K. pneumoniae were isolated from blood culture (n = 32) or gastric samples (n = 12) performed at day 0 or 2 from 39/303 newborns suspected of early neonatal infection. These infants were treated with expanded spectrum cephalosporins, due to lack of carbapenems, leading to a high mortality rate (45 %). Isolates recovered were all, but 4, multidrug resistant, particularly to fluoroquinolones (FQ) except for 21 E. cloacae isolates. Isolates produced TEM-1 and CTX-M-15 ß-lactamases and their genes were located on several self-transferable plasmids of variable sizes sizes that could not be linked to a major plasmid incompatibility group. E. cloacae isolates belonged to 6 Rep-types among which two counted for 11 isolates each. The FQ resistant E. cloacae isolates belonged to one clone, whereas the FQ susceptible E. cloacae isolates belonged to four clones. The K. pneumoniae isolates belonged to 9 Rep-types among which one included five isolates. Conclusion This study is the first molecular characterization of ESBL-producing isolates from neonatology units in Madagascar, a country with limited epidemiological data. It revealed an important multi-clonal dissemination of CTX-M-15-producing isolates reflecting both the high community carriage and the very early nosocomial contamination of the neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Naas
- Bacteriologie, APHP, EA7361 Univ Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France.
| | - G Cuzon
- Bacteriologie, APHP, EA7361 Univ Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - A L Robinson
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Tsaralanana, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Z Andrianirina
- Service de Néonatologie, Hôpital Soavinandriana, Antananarivo, Madasgascar
| | - P Imbert
- Hôpital Begin, Vincennes, France
| | - E Ratsima
- Institut Pasteur, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Z N Ranosiarisoa
- Service de Néonatologie, Hôpital Befelatanana, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - P Nordmann
- Medical Microbiology, Fribourg Univ, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - J Raymond
- University Paris Descartes Bacteriologie, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France.
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10
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Ahmadov R, McKeen SA, Robinson AL, Bahreini R, Middlebrook AM, de Gouw JA, Meagher J, Hsie EY, Edgerton E, Shaw S, Trainer M. A volatility basis set model for summertime secondary organic aerosols over the eastern United States in 2006. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Cameron
- Rehabilitation Studies Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Ryde, NSW 1680, Australia.
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de Gouw JA, Middlebrook AM, Warneke C, Ahmadov R, Atlas EL, Bahreini R, Blake DR, Brock CA, Brioude J, Fahey DW, Fehsenfeld FC, Holloway JS, Le Henaff M, Lueb RA, McKeen SA, Meagher JF, Murphy DM, Paris C, Parrish DD, Perring AE, Pollack IB, Ravishankara AR, Robinson AL, Ryerson TB, Schwarz JP, Spackman JR, Srinivasan A, Watts LA. Organic aerosol formation downwind from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Science 2011; 331:1295-9. [PMID: 21393539 DOI: 10.1126/science.1200320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A large fraction of atmospheric aerosols are derived from organic compounds with various volatilities. A National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) WP-3D research aircraft made airborne measurements of the gaseous and aerosol composition of air over the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico that occurred from April to August 2010. A narrow plume of hydrocarbons was observed downwind of DWH that is attributed to the evaporation of fresh oil on the sea surface. A much wider plume with high concentrations of organic aerosol (>25 micrograms per cubic meter) was attributed to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from unmeasured, less volatile hydrocarbons that were emitted from a wider area around DWH. These observations provide direct and compelling evidence for the importance of formation of SOA from less volatile hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A de Gouw
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.
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Robinson AL. Femtosecond Laser Annealing of Silicon: The thermal melting and recrystallization processes invoked at slower speeds fail for subpicosecond pulses, a new twist on an old controversy. Science 2010; 226:329-30. [PMID: 17749880 DOI: 10.1126/science.226.4672.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Jimenez JL, Canagaratna MR, Donahue NM, Prevot ASH, Zhang Q, Kroll JH, DeCarlo PF, Allan JD, Coe H, Ng NL, Aiken AC, Docherty KS, Ulbrich IM, Grieshop AP, Robinson AL, Duplissy J, Smith JD, Wilson KR, Lanz VA, Hueglin C, Sun YL, Tian J, Laaksonen A, Raatikainen T, Rautiainen J, Vaattovaara P, Ehn M, Kulmala M, Tomlinson JM, Collins DR, Cubison MJ, Dunlea EJ, Huffman JA, Onasch TB, Alfarra MR, Williams PI, Bower K, Kondo Y, Schneider J, Drewnick F, Borrmann S, Weimer S, Demerjian K, Salcedo D, Cottrell L, Griffin R, Takami A, Miyoshi T, Hatakeyama S, Shimono A, Sun JY, Zhang YM, Dzepina K, Kimmel JR, Sueper D, Jayne JT, Herndon SC, Trimborn AM, Williams LR, Wood EC, Middlebrook AM, Kolb CE, Baltensperger U, Worsnop DR. Evolution of Organic Aerosols in the Atmosphere. Science 2009; 326:1525-9. [PMID: 20007897 DOI: 10.1126/science.1180353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1053] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
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Robinson AL, Razafindralambo M, Ratsitohaina H, Desjeux JF, Ravelomanana N. Nutrient composition vs food ingredients in the treatment of hospitalized and severely malnourished children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009; 49:372-3. [PMID: 19458551 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e3181816fbc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Robinson AL, Solofomalala GD, Andriatahina T, Ravelomanana N. [Cutaneous tuberculosis: a pediatric case in Madagascar]. Med Trop (Mars) 2008; 68:173-175. [PMID: 18630051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous manifestation of tuberculosis is still observed in countries with high endemicity of tuberculosis such as Madagascar. The purpose of this report is to describe a case of nodular type cutaneous tuberculosis located in the subclavian region of a 5-month-old child living in Antananarivo, Madagascar. In absence of bacteriological evidence, diagnosis was based on epidemiological, clinical and histological findings. Treatment was successful using standard antituberculosis therapy. This case illustrates the diagnostic pitfalls associated with this type of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Robinson
- Service de pédiatrie, CHU, Hôpital Mère Enfant Tsaralalàna, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rodgers
- School of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Donahue NM, Robinson AL, Stanier CO, Pandis SN. Coupled partitioning, dilution, and chemical aging of semivolatile organics. Environ Sci Technol 2006; 40:2635-43. [PMID: 16683603 DOI: 10.1021/es052297c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A unified framework of semi-volatile partitioning permits models to efficiently treat both semi-volatile primary emissions and secondary organic aerosol production (SOA), and then to treat the chemical evolution (aging) of the aggregate distribution of semi-volatile material. This framework also reveals critical deficiencies in current emissions and SOA formation measurements. The key feature of this treatment is a uniform basis set of saturation vapor pressures spanning the range of ambient organic saturation concentrations, from effectively nonvolatile material at 0.01 microg m(-3) to vapor-phase effluents at 100 mg m(-3). Chemical evolution can be treated by a transformation matrix coupling the various basis vectors. Using this framework, we show that semi-volatile partitioning can be described in a self-consistent way, with realistic behavior with respect to temperature and varying organic aerosol loading. The time evolution strongly suggests that neglected oxidation of numerous "intermediate volatility" vapors (IVOCs, with saturation concentrations above approximately 1 mg m(-3)) may contribute significantly to ambient SOA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Robinson NE, Robinson ZW, Robinson BR, Robinson AL, Robinson JA, Robinson ML, Robinson AB. Structure-dependent nonenzymatic deamidation of glutaminyl and asparaginyl pentapeptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 63:426-36. [PMID: 15140160 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2004.00151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonenzymatic deamidation rates for 52 glutaminyl and 52 asparaginyl pentapeptides in pH 7.4, 37.0 degrees C. 0.15 m Tris-HCl buffer have been determined by direct injection mass spectrometry. These and the previously reported 306 asparginyl rates have been combined in a self-consistent model for peptide deamidation. This model depends quantitatively upon peptide structure and involves succinimide, glutarimide and hydrolysis mechanisms. The experimental values and suitable interpolated values have been combined to provide deamidation rate values in pH 7.4, 37.0 degrees C. 0.15 m Tris-HCl buffer for the entire set of 648 single-amide permutations of ordinary amino acid residues in GlyXxxAsnYyyGly and GlyXxxGlnYyyGly. Thus, knowledge about sequence-dependent deamidation in peptides is extended to include very long deamidation half-times in the range of 2-50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Robinson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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Robinson AL, Rhodes JS, Keith DW. Assessment of potential carbon dioxide reductions due to biomass-coal cofiring in the United States. Environ Sci Technol 2003; 37:5081-5089. [PMID: 14655692 DOI: 10.1021/es034367q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cofiring biomass with coal in existing power plants offers a relatively inexpensive and efficient option for increasing near-term biomass energy utilization. Potential benefits include reduced emissions of carbon dioxide, sulfur, and nitrogen oxides and development of biomass energy markets. To understand the economics of this strategy, we develop a model to calculate electricity and pollutant mitigation costs with explicit characterization of uncertainty in fuel and technology costs and variability in fuel properties. The model is first used to evaluate the plant-level economics of cofiring as a function of biomass cost. It is then integrated with state-specific coal consumption and biomass supply estimates to develop national supply curves for cofire electricity and carbon mitigation. A delivered cost of biomass below 15 dollars per ton is required for cofire to be competitive with existing coal-based generation. Except at low biomass prices (less than 15 dollars per ton), cofiring is unlikely to be competitive for NOx or SOx control, but it can provide comparatively inexpensive control of CO2 emissions: we estimate that emissions reductions of 100 Mt-CO2/year (a 5% reduction in electric-sector emissions) can be achieved at 25 +/- 20 dollars/tC. The 2-3 year time horizon for deployment--compared with 10-20 years for other CO2 mitigation options--makes cofiring particularly attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Robinson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-3890, USA.
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Wallace WE, Robinson AL. Heats of Dilution, Relative Molal Heat Contents and Heat Capacities of Aqueous Sodium Sulfate Solutions1. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01849a019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lange E, Monheim J, Robinson AL. The Heats of Dilution of Aqueous Solutions of Zinc, Cadmium and Copper Sulfates and Sulfuric Acid at 25°. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01339a001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kautz CF, Robinson AL. THE HYDROLYSIS OF SUCROSE BY HYDROCHLORIC ACID IN THE PRESENCE OF ALKALI AND ALKALINE EARTH CHLORIDES1. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01391a011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nathan CC, Wallace WE, Robinson AL. Heats of Dilution and Relative Heat Contents of Aqueous Solutions of Lanthanum Chloride and Lanthanum Sulfate at 25°. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01245a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hammerschmid H, Robinson AL. INTEGRAL HEATS OF DILUTION AND RELATIVE PARTIAL MOLAL HEAT CONTENTS OF AQUEOUS SODIUM BROMIDE AND POTASSIUM BROMIDE SOLUTIONS AT TWENTY-FIVE DEGREES*. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01347a013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gulbransen EA, Robinson AL. Integral Heats of Dilution, Relative Partial Molal Heat Contents and Heat Capacities of Dilute Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solutions1. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01327a029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Silverblatt E, Robinson AL, King CG. The Kinetics of the Reaction between Ascorbic Acid and Oxygen in the Presence of Copper Ion. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01242a002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Robinson AL, Wallace WE. Some Heats of Dilution and Related Thermal Quantities of Aqueous Cadmium Chloride, Bromide, and Iodide Solutions. Chem Rev 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/cr60096a004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Robinson AL. THE INTEGRAL HEATS OF DILUTION AND THE RELATIVE PARTIAL MOLAL HEAT CONTENTS OF AQUEOUS SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS AT 25°. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01343a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lange E, Robinson AL. THE HEATS OF DILUTION OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE IN SUCROSE AND UREA SOLUTIONS AS SOLVENTS BELOW 0.1 M AT 25°1. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01374a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Matula TJ, Guan J, Crum LA, Robinson AL, Burgess LW. Near-infrared emissions in single-bubble and multibubble sonoluminescence. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 64:026310. [PMID: 11497702 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.026310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Comparisons of light emissions from multibubble and single-bubble sonoluminescence in the near-infrared band extending from 800 to 1050 nm have been investigated. In argon-water mixtures, single-bubble and multibubble spectra are similar in appearance. In sodium chloride-water mixtures, the multibubble spectrum shows evidence of the 3d-3p sodium emission line, whereas the single-bubble spectrum shows no such emission. For single bubbles, the near-infrared emissions change linearly with driving pressure. No evidence of near-infrared emissions are observed below the visible luminescence threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Matula
- Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Seattle 98105, USA
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Corbett JJ, Robinson AL. Measurements of NOx emissions and in-service duty cycle from a towboat operating on the inland river system. Environ Sci Technol 2001; 35:1343-1349. [PMID: 11348065 DOI: 10.1021/es0016102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes measurements of NOx emissions from one engine on a commercial towboat operating on the Upper Ohio River system around the Port of Pittsburgh. Continuous measurements were made over a one-week period to characterize emissions during normal operations. The average NOx emission factor is 70 +/- 4.2 kg of NOx per t of fuel, similar to that of larger marine engines. A vessel-specific duty cycle is derived to characterize the towboat's operations; more than 50% of the time the vessel engines are at idle. Although recently promulgated EPA regulations apply only to new marine engines, these data provide insight into inland-river operations, which can be used to evaluate these regulations within the inland river context. This vessel operates as a courier service, scheduling pickups and deliveries of single- or multiple-barge loads per customers' requests; as many as 30% of the 277 towboats in the Pittsburgh region operate in this fashion. The EPA-prescribed ISO E3 duty cycle does not accurately describe inland-river operations of this towboat: its application overestimates actual NOx emissions by 14%. Only 41% of this vessel's operations fall within the Not-To-Exceed Zone defined by the EPA regulations, which limits the effectiveness of this component of the regulations to limit emissions from vessels that operate in a similar fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Corbett
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Abstract
Theoretical and experimental evidence is presented in support of quantum collective effects in sonoluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Brodsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-1700, USA.
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Abstract
Soil permeability to air can increase substantially with measurement length scale. We tested the hypothesis that the scale effect could resolve large model underpredictions of radon and soil-gas entry into two experimental basement structures located in natural sandy-loam soil at a field site in Ben Lomond, CA. Previously, the model input for permeability at the site had been assessed based on 0.5-m scale measurements. After determining the soil-structure interaction scale (system scale) to be approximately 3 m, the model input was changed to reflect 3-m scale permeability measurements. This adjustment reduced unacceptably large model underpredictions, of a factor of 3 to 5, to a range near that of acceptable experimental error, 20 to 40%. The permeability scale effect may explain large and persistent model underestimates of radon entry into real houses. The results argue strongly for determining permeability at a length scale consistent with that of the system under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Garbesi
- Department of Environmental Studies, San José State University, San José, CA 94709, USA
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Abstract
This survey aimed to assess the extent and pattern of use of suxamethonium for elective tracheal intubation in children and the occurrence of major complications. A postal questionnaire was sent to 280 consultant anaesthetists and senior registrars in the West Midlands Region. Of the 180 replies received, 84% of respondents use suxamethonium routinely. Usage was more common amongst those more recently trained (all anaesthetists with less than 10 years experience reported using suxamethonium for routine intubation compared with 81% of those with over 20 years experience). Reported side effects directly attributable to suxamethonium were common, the most frequent being cardiac arrhythmias (especially bradycardia) following the first dose (24% respondents) or the second dose (43%), and prolonged apnoea (36% of respondents). There were 13 reported cardiac arrests (requiring external cardiac massage), three of which were associated with repeat dosing and one with undiagnosed Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Three cases of documented hyperkalaemia did not lead to cardiac arrest. There were two deaths, neither of which could be solely attributed to the use of suxamethonium. We conclude that suxamethonium remains popular in paediatric practice and that minor side effects are common and usually preventable. Life-threatening reactions are rare and until a truly comparable alternative is produced this drug will continue to be used in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Robinson
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, Birmingham
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