1
|
|
2
|
Abstract
Although fluorescent proteins have been utilized for a variety of biological applications, they have several optical limitations, namely weak red and near-infrared emission and exceptionally broad (>200 nm) emission profiles. The photophysical properties of fluorescent proteins can be enhanced through the incorporation of novel cofactors with the desired properties into a stable protein scaffold. To this end, a fluorescent phosphorus corrole that is structurally similar to the native heme cofactor is incorporated into two exceptionally stable heme proteins: H-NOX from Caldanaerobacter subterraneus and heme acquisition system protein A (HasA) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These yellow-orange emitting protein conjugates are examined by steady-state and time-resolved optical spectroscopy. The HasA conjugate exhibits enhanced fluorescence, whereas emission from the H-NOX conjugate is quenched relative to the free corrole. Despite the low fluorescence quantum yields, these corrole-substituted proteins exhibit more intense fluorescence in a narrower spectral profile than traditional fluorescent proteins that emit in the same spectral window. This study demonstrates that fluorescent corrole complexes are readily incorporated into heme proteins and provides an inroad for the development of novel fluorescent proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Lemon
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael A Marletta
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Novikova NI, Lo ASV, Gordon KC, Brothers PJ, Simpson MC. Diboron Porphyrins: The Raman Signature of the In-Plane Tetragonal Elongation of the Macrocycle. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5121-5131. [PMID: 29745659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We describe an unusual in-plane type of porphyrin core distortion, tetragonal elongation (TE), observed experimentally in diboron porphyrins. The vibrational spectra of several of these complexes exhibit shifts that we have assigned to this TE distortion by comparing experimental spectra with DFT computational findings. The influence of TE in porphyrin systems was isolated using DFT analysis of the well-known model compounds Ni(II)porphine and Zn(II)porphine, with the macrocycle ring constrained to eliminate the influence of out-of-plane (OOP) distortions. A significant down-shift in frequencies was observed for porphyrin normal vibrational modes, particularly the in-plane A1g/B1g modes that are dominated by contributions from stretching and bending of Cα-Cm coordinates. In contrast, TE had little effect on the v(Pyrhalfring) and δ(Pyrdef) modes, though the lowered symmetry of the system resulted in significant splitting of the B2u and B3u modes. The impact of the TE distortion upon the diboron porphyrin vibrational spectrum was probed experimentally using Raman spectroscopy of B2O2(BCl3)2(TTP), B2OF2(TTP), and B2OPhOH2(TTP) (TTP = 5,10,15,20-(tetra- p-tolyl)porphyrin). Comparing the experimentally obtained spectral signatures to the computational findings allowed us to assign the large shifts observed for the v2 and v3 modes to the TE distortion in diboron porphyrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina I Novikova
- The University of Auckland , School of Chemical Sciences , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand.,The Dodd-Walls Centre , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand
| | - Alvie S V Lo
- The MacDiarmid Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand.,The Dodd-Walls Centre , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand.,University of Otago , Department of Chemistry , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand
| | - Keith C Gordon
- The MacDiarmid Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand.,The Dodd-Walls Centre , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand.,University of Otago , Department of Chemistry , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand
| | - Penelope J Brothers
- The University of Auckland , School of Chemical Sciences , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
| | - M Cather Simpson
- The University of Auckland , School of Chemical Sciences , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand.,The Dodd-Walls Centre , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand.,The University of Auckland , Department of Physics , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
A new fundamental type of conformational isomerism. Nat Chem 2018; 10:615-624. [PMID: 29784991 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Isomerism is a fundamental chemical concept, reflecting the fact that the arrangement of atoms in a molecular entity has a profound influence on its chemical and physical properties. Here we describe a previously unclassified fundamental form of conformational isomerism through four resolved stereoisomers of a transoid (BF)O(BF)-quinoxalinoporphyrin. These comprise two pairs of enantiomers that manifest structural relationships not describable within existing IUPAC nomenclature and terminology. They undergo thermal diastereomeric interconversion over a barrier of 104 ± 2 kJ mol-1, which we term 'akamptisomerization'. Feasible interconversion processes between conceivable synthesis products and reaction intermediates were mapped out by density functional theory calculations, identifying bond-angle inversion (BAI) at a singly bonded atom as the reaction mechanism. We also introduce the necessary BAI stereodescriptors parvo and amplo. Based on an extended polytope formalism of molecular structure and stereoisomerization, BAI-driven akamptisomerization is shown to be the final fundamental type of conformational isomerization.
Collapse
|
5
|
Himmel H. Nucleophilic Neutral Diborane(4) Compounds with sp
3
–sp
3
‐Hybridized Boron Atoms. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tay ACY, Frogley BJ, Ware DC, Brothers PJ. Boron calixphyrin complexes: exploring the coordination chemistry of a BODIPY/porphyrin hybrid. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:3388-3399. [PMID: 29431798 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04575a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Boron complexes of calix[4]phyrins (1.1.1.1) were prepared by reacting the free-base ligands with BF3·Et2O. The reaction conditions can be efficiently tailored to produce mono- or di-boron calixphyrins. Mono-BF2 calixphyrins with boron coordinating to either the dipyrrin, BF2[H(Calix)], or dipyrromethane, BF2[H(Calix)] and BF2[H2(Calix)]+, bonding sites were isolated. The dipyrromethane isomer, BF2[H(Calix)], isomerises into BF2[H(Calix)] which kinetic studies and DFT calculations indicate is an intramolecular process. Two isomers of B2OF2(Calix) were isolated, one isomer bonding via the dipyrrin sites with the FBOBF moiety in cisoid geometry, and the second isomer bonding via the dipyrromethane sites with the FBOBF moiety in transoid geometry. Although the cisoid/dipyrrin isomer was calculated to be most energetically favourable for B2OF2(Calix), the isolation of the transoid/dipyrromethane isomer is postulated to occur via the presumed intermediate (BF2)2(Calix), for which DFT indicated a preference for transoid/dipyrromethane geometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Chin Yit Tay
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li M, Zhang Q, Xu L, Zhu W, Mack J, May AK, Nyokong T, Kobayashi N, Liang X. Flexible Metal-Porphyrin Dimers (M=Mn III Cl, Co II , Ni II , Cu II ): Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Electrochemistry, Spectroelectrochemistry, and Theoretical Calculations. Chempluschem 2017; 82:598-606. [PMID: 31961595 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Four metalloporphyrin dimers linked by bridging amide-bonded xanthene moieties and that contain either MnIII , CoII , NiII , or CuII metal centers were synthesized. Various spectroscopic, electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical methods were used to study trends in their properties. Their electronic structure and optical properties were analyzed through a comparison of the electronic absorption and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectral data with the results of time-dependent (TD)-DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minzhi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - John Mack
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Aviwe K May
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Xu Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ghosh A. Electronic Structure of Corrole Derivatives: Insights from Molecular Structures, Spectroscopy, Electrochemistry, and Quantum Chemical Calculations. Chem Rev 2017; 117:3798-3881. [PMID: 28191934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Presented herein is a comprehensive account of the electronic structure of corrole derivatives. Our knowledge in this area derives from a broad range of methods, including UV-vis-NIR absorption and MCD spectroscopies, single-crystal X-ray structure determination, vibrational spectroscopy, NMR and EPR spectroscopies, electrochemistry, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations, the latter including both density functional theory and ab initio multiconfigurational methods. The review is organized according to the Periodic Table, describing free-base and main-group element corrole derivatives, then transition-metal corroles, and finally f-block element corroles. Like porphyrins, corrole derivatives with a redox-inactive coordinated atom follow the Gouterman four-orbital model. A key difference from porphyrins is the much wider prevalence of noninnocent electronic structures as well as full-fledged corrole•2- radicals among corrole derivatives. The most common orbital pathways mediating ligand noninnocence in transition-metal corroles are the metal(dz2)-corrole("a2u") interaction (most commonly observed in Mn and Fe corroles) and the metal(dx2-y2)-corrole(a2u) interaction in coinage metal corroles. Less commonly encountered is the metal(dπ)-corrole("a1u") interaction, a unique feature of formal d5 metallocorroles. Corrole derivatives exhibit a rich array of optical properties, including substituent-sensitive Soret maxima indicative of ligand noninnocence, strong fluorescence in the case of lighter main-group element complexes, and room-temperature near-IR phosphorescence in the case of several 5d metal complexes. The review concludes with an attempt at identifying gaps in our current knowledge and potential future directions of electronic-structural research on corrole derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Barata JFB, Neves MGPMS, Faustino MAF, Tomé AC, Cavaleiro JAS. Strategies for Corrole Functionalization. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3192-3253. [PMID: 28222602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the functionalization reactions of meso-arylcorroles, both at the inner core, as well as the peripheral positions of the macrocycle. Experimental details for the synthesis of all known metallocorrole types and for the N-alkylation reactions are presented. Key peripheral functionalization reactions such as halogenation, formylation, carboxylation, nitration, sulfonation, and others are discussed in detail, particularly the nucleophilic aromatic substitution and the participation of corroles in cycloaddition reactions as 2π or 4π components (covering Diels-Alder and 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions). Other functionalizations of corroles include a large diversity of reactions, namely Wittig reactions, reactions with methylene active compounds, formation of amines, amides, and imines, and metal catalyzed reactions. At the final section, the reactions involving oxidation and ring expansion of the corrole macrocycle are described comprehensively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana F B Barata
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Graça P M S Neves
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Amparo F Faustino
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José A S Cavaleiro
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lemon CM, Halbach RL, Huynh M, Nocera DG. Photophysical Properties of β-Substituted Free-Base Corroles. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:2713-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ic502860g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Lemon
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Robert L. Halbach
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Michael Huynh
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Daniel G. Nocera
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Albrett AM, Thomas KE, Maslek S, Młodzianowska A, Conradie J, Beavers CM, Ghosh A, Brothers PJ. Mono- and Diboron Corroles: Factors Controlling Stoichiometry and Hydrolytic Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:5486-93. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500114k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia M. Albrett
- School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kolle E. Thomas
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Stefanie Maslek
- School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna Młodzianowska
- School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Christine M. Beavers
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8229, United States
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Penelope J. Brothers
- School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Swamy PCA, Mukherjee S, Thilagar P. Dual Binding Site Assisted Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Recognition and Discrimination of Fluoride and Cyanide by a Peripherally Borylated Metalloporphyrin: Overcoming Anion Interference in Organoboron Based Sensors. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3616-24. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500230p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Chinna Ayya Swamy
- Department of Inorganic and
Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 012, India
| | - Sanjoy Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and
Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 012, India
| | - Pakkirisamy Thilagar
- Department of Inorganic and
Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 012, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liang X, Mack J, Zheng LM, Shen Z, Kobayashi N. Phosphorus(V)-Corrole: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Properties, Theoretical Calculations, and Potential Utility for in Vivo Applications in Living Cells. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:2797-802. [DOI: 10.1021/ic402347w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School
of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - John Mack
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School
of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Li-Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School
of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ghosh A, Lee WZ, Ravikanth M. Unusual formation of thiaisoporphyrins from 21-thiaporphyrins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8677-9. [PMID: 23949209 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44237c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the unusual formation of thiaisoporphyrins containing bridging sp(3)meso carbon between two pyrroles when 21-thiaporphyrins were reacted with PhBCl2 in dry toluene at reflux temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Ghosh
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- Penelope J. Brothers
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alemayehu A, Conradie J, Ghosh A. A First TDDFT Study of Metallocorrole Electronic Spectra: Copper meso-Triarylcorroles Exhibit Hyper Spectra. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201001026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
17
|
Thomas KE, Conradie J, Hansen LK, Ghosh A. A Metallocorrole with Orthogonal Pyrrole Rings. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
18
|
Albrett AM, Boyd PDW, Clark GR, Gonzalez E, Ghosh A, Brothers PJ. Reductive coupling and protonation leading to diboron corroles with a B–H–B bridge. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:4032-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c002885c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
19
|
|
20
|
van Hameren R, Elemans JAAW, Wyrostek D, Tasior M, Gryko DT, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. Self-assembly of corrole trimers in solution and at the solid–liquid interface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b812518j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
21
|
Bröring M, Brégier F, Krüger R, Kleeberg C. Functional Porphyrinoids from a Biomimetically Decorated Bipyrrole. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|