1
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Clyde DRM, Cortie DL, Granville S, Ware DC, Brothers PJ, Malmström J. Nanoscale Magnetic Arrays through Block Copolymer Templating of Polyoxometalates. Nano Lett 2024; 24:2165-2174. [PMID: 38329906 PMCID: PMC10885194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoarrays promise to enable new energy-efficient computations based on spintronics or magnonics. In this work, we present a block copolymer-assisted strategy for fabricating ordered magnetic nanostructures on silicon and permalloy substrates. Block copolymer micelle-like structures were used as a template in which polyoxometalate (POM) clusters could assemble in an opal-like structure. A combination of microscopy and scattering techniques was used to confirm the structural and organizational features of the fabricated materials. The magnetic properties of these materials were investigated by polarized neutron reflectometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and magnetometry measurements. The data show that a magnetic structural design was achieved and that a thin layer of patterned POMs strongly influenced an underlying permalloy layer. This work demonstrates that the bottom-up pathway is a potentially viable method for patterning magnetic substrates on a sub-100 nm scale, toward the magnetic nanostructures needed for spintronic or magnonic crystal devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R M Clyde
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - David L Cortie
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Simon Granville
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- Robinson Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - David C Ware
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Penelope J Brothers
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Jenny Malmström
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
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2
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Nahon EE, Nelmes GR, Brothers PJ, Hicks J. Intramolecular C-N bond activation by a transient boryl anion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14281-14284. [PMID: 37964585 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05182j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Using a flexible diamido framework, a bulky boron bromide has been prepared as a precusor to a boryl anion with an extremely wide N-B-N angle. Reduction of the compound with lithium metal resulted in intramolecular C-N bond activation and migration of an aryl group onto the boron centre. Reaction of the boron bromide with K[FeCp(CO)2] resulted in nucleophilic reactivity of a carbonyl oxygen and the cooperative activation of CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Nahon
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Gareth R Nelmes
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Penelope J Brothers
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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3
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Pascoe LM, Lim LF, Kallmeier F, Cox N, Brothers PJ, Hicks J. One- and two-electron reductions of a bulky BODIPY compound. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15348-15352. [PMID: 37493621 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02048g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The redox reaction between a bulky BODIPY and a magnesium(I) reducing agent leads to the formal one-electron reduction of the BODIPY, initially generating a dipyrromethene-centred radical compound that dimerises via C-C bond formation. In contrast, reduction with magnesium anthracene leads to the formal two-electron reduction of the BODIPY, resulting in the formation of the corresponding anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam M Pascoe
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Li Feng Lim
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Fabian Kallmeier
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Nicholas Cox
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Penelope J Brothers
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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4
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Nelmes GR, Brothers PJ, Hicks J. Convenient one‐pot synthesis and coordination chemistry of a bulky asymmetrical 9,10‐dihydroacridine‐based ligand. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth R. Nelmes
- Australian National University Research School of Chemistry Sullivans Creek Road 2601 Acton AUSTRALIA
| | - Penelope J. Brothers
- Australian National University Research School of Chemistry Sullivans Creek Road 2601 Acton AUSTRALIA
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Australian National University Research School of Chemistry Sullivans Creek Road 2601 Acton AUSTRALIA
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5
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Kanyan D, Horacek-Glading M, Wildervanck MJ, Söhnel T, Ware DC, Brothers PJ. O-BODIPYs as fluorescent labels for sugars: glucose, xylose and ribose. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01418h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent 1 : 1, 1 : 2 and 1 : 3 sugar-O-BODIPY conjugates of glucose, xylose and ribose were characterised by 1H–11B HMBC and 11B NMR to discriminate between boron bound to 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-diol sites and furanose/pyranose sugar forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Kanyan
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Miriana Horacek-Glading
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Martijn J. Wildervanck
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - David C. Ware
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Penelope J. Brothers
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, 137 Sullivan's Creek Road, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
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6
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Makinde ZO, van der Heijden NJ, Clyde D, Nam S, Brothers PJ, Malmström J, Granville S, Domigan LJ, McGillivray DJ, Williams DE. Geometric Frustration and Long-Range Ordering Induced by Surface Pressure Oscillation in a Langmuir-Blodgett Monolayer of Magnetic Soft Spheres. Langmuir 2021; 37:10150-10158. [PMID: 34384020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a step toward the bottom-up construction of magnonic systems, this paper demonstrates the use of a large-amplitude surface-pressure annealing technique to generate 2-D order in a Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer of magnetic soft spheres comprising a surfactant-encapsulated polyoxometalate. The films show a distorted square lattice interpreted as due to geometric frustration caused by 2-D confinement between soft walls, one being the air interface and the other the aqueous subphase. Hysteresis and relaxation phenomena in the 2-D layers are suggested to be due to folding and time-dependent interpenetration of surfactant chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab O Makinde
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St., Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Nadine J van der Heijden
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St., Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Clyde
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St., Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Seong Nam
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St., Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Penelope J Brothers
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St., Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jenny Malmström
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, 20 Symonds St., Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Simon Granville
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- Robinson Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Laura J Domigan
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, 20 Symonds St., Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Duncan J McGillivray
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St., Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - David E Williams
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St., Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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7
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Dais TN, Nixon DJ, Brothers PJ, Henderson W, Plieger PG. Towards more effective beryllium chelation: an investigation of second-sphere hydrogen bonding. RSC Adv 2020; 10:40142-40147. [PMID: 35520866 PMCID: PMC9057475 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08706h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparative study between three experimentally known beryllium chelators (EDTA, NTP, and 10-HBQS) and two tetradentate tripodal di-pyridine-based receptors (HL and HL-NH2), specifically designed to bind Be2+ cations, has been undertaken in the aqueous phase at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) computational level. The relative binding energies of these five ligand systems to a variety of first row and pre-transition metal cations have been calculated, specifically to investigate their binding strength to Be2+ and the binding enhancement that a second sphere hydrogen bonding interaction could afford to the pyridyl based systems. The complexes of EDTA were calculated to have the highest average binding energy; followed by those of NTP, HL-NH2, HL, and finally 10-HBQS. The calculated binding energy of the HL-NH2Be complex, which includes second sphere interactions, was found to be almost 9% greater than the HL Be complex, with an average binding energy increase of 13.5% observed across all metals upon inclusion of second sphere hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson N Dais
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University Private Bag 11 222 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
| | - David J Nixon
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University Private Bag 11 222 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
| | - Penelope J Brothers
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - William Henderson
- Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato Private Bag 3105 Hamilton 3240 New Zealand
| | - Paul G Plieger
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University Private Bag 11 222 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
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8
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Abstract
Structures of aqueous [Be(H2O)4]2+, its outer-sphere and inner-sphere complexes with F-, Cl-, and SO42-, and dinuclear complexes with a [Be2(κ-OH)(κ-SO4)]+ core have been studied through Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics (CPMD) simulations with the BLYP functional. According to constrained CPMD/BLYP simulations and pointwise thermodynamic integration, the free energy of deprotonation of [Be(H2O)4]2+ and its binding free energy with F- are 9.6 and -6.2 kcal/mol, respectively, in good accord with available experimental data. The computed activation barriers for replacing a water ligand in [Be(H2O)4]2+ with F- and SO42-, 10.9 and 13.6 kcal/mol, respectively, are also in good qualitative agreement with available experimental data. These ligand-substitution reactions are indicated to follow associative interchange mechanisms with backside (SN2-like) attack of the anion relative to the aquo ligand it is displacing. Outperforming static density functional theory computations of the salient kinetic and thermodynamic quantities involving simple polarizable continuum solvent models, CPMD simulations are validated as a promising tool for studying the structures and speciation of beryllium complexes in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyekachi Raymond
- Chemistry, School of Science , University of Waikato , Private Bag 3105 , Hamilton 3240 , New Zealand.,Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR) , P.O. Box 50348 , Porirua 5240 , New Zealand.,EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, North Haugh , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| | - Michael Bühl
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, North Haugh , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , U.K
| | - Joseph R Lane
- Chemistry, School of Science , University of Waikato , Private Bag 3105 , Hamilton 3240 , New Zealand
| | - William Henderson
- Chemistry, School of Science , University of Waikato , Private Bag 3105 , Hamilton 3240 , New Zealand
| | - Penelope J Brothers
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Paul G Plieger
- School of Fundamental Sciences , Massey University , Private Bag 11222 , Palmerston North 4410 , New Zealand
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9
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Raymond O, Henderson W, Lane JR, Brothers PJ, Plieger PG. An electrospray ionization mass spectrometric study of beryllium chloride solutions and complexes with crown ether and cryptand macrocyclic ligands. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1718664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Onyekachi Raymond
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Current Address: Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Wellington, New Zealand
| | - William Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Joseph R. Lane
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Penelope J. Brothers
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Current Address: Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Paul G. Plieger
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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10
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Buchner MR, Müller M, Raymond O, Severinsen RJ, Nixon DJ, Henderson W, Brothers PJ, Rowlands GJ, Plieger PG. Synthesis of a Boronic Acid Anhydride Based Ligand and Its Application in Beryllium Coordination. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R. Buchner
- Nachwuchsgruppe Berylliumchemie Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Matthias Müller
- Nachwuchsgruppe Berylliumchemie Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Onyekachi Raymond
- Chemistry, School of Science University of Waikato Private Bag 3105 3240 Hamilton New Zealand
| | - Rebecca J. Severinsen
- School of Fundamental Sciences Massey University Private Bag 11222 4410 Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - David J. Nixon
- School of Fundamental Sciences Massey University Private Bag 11222 4410 Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - William Henderson
- Chemistry, School of Science University of Waikato Private Bag 3105 3240 Hamilton New Zealand
| | | | - Gareth J. Rowlands
- School of Fundamental Sciences Massey University Private Bag 11222 4410 Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Paul G. Plieger
- School of Fundamental Sciences Massey University Private Bag 11222 4410 Palmerston North New Zealand
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11
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Raymond O, Brothers PJ, Buchner MR, Lane JR, Müller M, Spang N, Henderson W, Plieger PG. Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometric Study of the Gas-Phase Coordination Chemistry of Be2+ Ions with 1,2- and 1,3-Diketone Ligands. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:6388-6398. [PMID: 30963770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Onyekachi Raymond
- Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand
| | - Penelope J. Brothers
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Magnus R. Buchner
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Berylliumchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Joseph R. Lane
- Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand
| | - Matthias Müller
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Berylliumchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nils Spang
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Berylliumchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - William Henderson
- Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand
| | - Paul G. Plieger
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
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12
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Abstract
A careful density functional theory reexamination of the geometric and electronic structures of reduced main-group porphyrin complexes E(Por)L2 (E = Si or Ge; L = pyridine or tetrahydrofuran), B2(Por), and C2(Por) has confirmed these as pure isophlorin derivatives with normal-valent coordinated central atoms. Only axially unligated Ge(Por) and the dications [B2(Por)]2+ and [C2(Por)]2+ feature aromatic porphyrin ligands. The calculations faithfully reproduce the strong bond-length alternation along the outer rim of the macrocycle in the reduced complexes, consistent with antiaromatic character, as well as much stronger ruffling in the reduced group 14 complexes relative to their nonreduced counterparts such as E(Por)X2 (E = Si or Ge; X = F or Cl). The latter is thought to reflect the lower barrier to nonplanar deformation for the antiaromatic systems. In addition, unlike B2(Por) and its dication, which are planar, C2(Por) and its dication are predicted to be strongly ruffled, reflecting the smaller size of the central C2 unit. The calculations also predict characteristically low ionization potentials and singlet-triplet gaps for the antiaromatic complexes. A brief exploratory study of the as-yet-unknown group 15 complexes E(TPP)(Ph)(py), where E = P and As, also indicated an antiaromatic isophlorin macrocycle coordinated to a pentavalent group 15 center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry , UiT-The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Tromsø , Norway.,Department of Chemistry , University of the Free State , 9300 Bloemfontein , Republic of South Africa
| | - Penelope J Brothers
- Department of Chemistry , UiT-The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Tromsø , Norway.,School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , Private Bag, 92019 Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry , UiT-The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Tromsø , Norway
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13
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Tay ACY, Frogley BJ, Ware DC, Conradie J, Ghosh A, Brothers PJ. Tetrahedral Pegs in Square Holes: Stereochemistry of Diboron Porphyrazines and Phthalocyanines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3057-3061. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Chin Yit Tay
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Benjamin J. Frogley
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - David C. Ware
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of the Free State 9300 Bloemfontein Republic of South Africa
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of ChemistryUiT—The Arctic University of Norway 9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Penelope J. Brothers
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand
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14
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Tay ACY, Frogley BJ, Ware DC, Conradie J, Ghosh A, Brothers PJ. Tetrahedral Pegs in Square Holes: Stereochemistry of Diboron Porphyrazines and Phthalocyanines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Chin Yit Tay
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Benjamin J. Frogley
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - David C. Ware
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of the Free State 9300 Bloemfontein Republic of South Africa
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of ChemistryUiT—The Arctic University of Norway 9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Penelope J. Brothers
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand
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15
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Nam S, Ware DC, Brothers PJ. Macrocyclic pentamers functionalised around their periphery as potential building blocks. RSC Adv 2019; 9:8389-8393. [PMID: 35518683 PMCID: PMC9061804 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10446h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The elaboration of a five-fold symmetric macrocyclic aromatic pentamer bearing peripheral benzyloxy and hydroxyl groups is described. These could be used to explore further functionalisation for use as pentagonal building blocks. The internal fluorine-substituted macrocycle has been prepared via a one-pot procedure which is an improvement on the stepwise chain growth approach reported in the literature. The elaboration of a five-fold symmetric macrocyclic aromatic pentamer bearing peripheral benzyloxy and hydroxyl groups is described. The macrocycle bearing internal fluorine substituents has been prepared via a one-pot procedure.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Nam
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
| | - David C. Ware
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
| | - Penelope J. Brothers
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
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16
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Nixon DJ, Perera LC, Dais TN, Brothers PJ, Henderson W, Plieger PG. Tuning receptors for the encapsulation of beryllium2+. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:19660-19666. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A method for evaluating second sphere H-bonding interactions as a means to tune specific characteristics in coordinating ligands has been used to evaluate the binding strength of a series of beryllium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Nixon
- School of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
| | - Lakshika C. Perera
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
| | - Tyson N. Dais
- School of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
| | | | - William Henderson
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- University of Waikato
- Hamilton
- New Zealand
| | - Paul G. Plieger
- School of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
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17
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Novikova NI, Lo ASV, Gordon KC, Brothers PJ, Simpson MC. Diboron Porphyrins: The Raman Signature of the In-Plane Tetragonal Elongation of the Macrocycle. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5121-5131. [PMID: 29745659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We describe an unusual in-plane type of porphyrin core distortion, tetragonal elongation (TE), observed experimentally in diboron porphyrins. The vibrational spectra of several of these complexes exhibit shifts that we have assigned to this TE distortion by comparing experimental spectra with DFT computational findings. The influence of TE in porphyrin systems was isolated using DFT analysis of the well-known model compounds Ni(II)porphine and Zn(II)porphine, with the macrocycle ring constrained to eliminate the influence of out-of-plane (OOP) distortions. A significant down-shift in frequencies was observed for porphyrin normal vibrational modes, particularly the in-plane A1g/B1g modes that are dominated by contributions from stretching and bending of Cα-Cm coordinates. In contrast, TE had little effect on the v(Pyrhalfring) and δ(Pyrdef) modes, though the lowered symmetry of the system resulted in significant splitting of the B2u and B3u modes. The impact of the TE distortion upon the diboron porphyrin vibrational spectrum was probed experimentally using Raman spectroscopy of B2O2(BCl3)2(TTP), B2OF2(TTP), and B2OPhOH2(TTP) (TTP = 5,10,15,20-(tetra- p-tolyl)porphyrin). Comparing the experimentally obtained spectral signatures to the computational findings allowed us to assign the large shifts observed for the v2 and v3 modes to the TE distortion in diboron porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina I Novikova
- The University of Auckland , School of Chemical Sciences , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand.,The Dodd-Walls Centre , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand
| | - Alvie S V Lo
- The MacDiarmid Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand.,The Dodd-Walls Centre , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand.,University of Otago , Department of Chemistry , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand
| | - Keith C Gordon
- The MacDiarmid Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand.,The Dodd-Walls Centre , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand.,University of Otago , Department of Chemistry , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand
| | - Penelope J Brothers
- The University of Auckland , School of Chemical Sciences , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
| | - M Cather Simpson
- The University of Auckland , School of Chemical Sciences , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 600, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand.,The Dodd-Walls Centre , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016 , New Zealand.,The University of Auckland , Department of Physics , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
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18
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Tay ACY, Frogley BJ, Ware DC, Brothers PJ. Boron calixphyrin complexes: exploring the coordination chemistry of a BODIPY/porphyrin hybrid. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:3388-3399. [PMID: 29431798 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04575a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Boron complexes of calix[4]phyrins (1.1.1.1) were prepared by reacting the free-base ligands with BF3·Et2O. The reaction conditions can be efficiently tailored to produce mono- or di-boron calixphyrins. Mono-BF2 calixphyrins with boron coordinating to either the dipyrrin, BF2[H(Calix)], or dipyrromethane, BF2[H(Calix)] and BF2[H2(Calix)]+, bonding sites were isolated. The dipyrromethane isomer, BF2[H(Calix)], isomerises into BF2[H(Calix)] which kinetic studies and DFT calculations indicate is an intramolecular process. Two isomers of B2OF2(Calix) were isolated, one isomer bonding via the dipyrrin sites with the FBOBF moiety in cisoid geometry, and the second isomer bonding via the dipyrromethane sites with the FBOBF moiety in transoid geometry. Although the cisoid/dipyrrin isomer was calculated to be most energetically favourable for B2OF2(Calix), the isolation of the transoid/dipyrromethane isomer is postulated to occur via the presumed intermediate (BF2)2(Calix), for which DFT indicated a preference for transoid/dipyrromethane geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Chin Yit Tay
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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19
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Raymond O, Henderson W, Brothers PJ, Plieger PG. Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometric (ESI MS) Screening and Characterisation of Beryllium Complexes with Potentially Encapsulating Aminopolycarboxylate and Related Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Onyekachi Raymond
- Chemistry, School of Science; University of Waikato; Private Bag 3105 Hamilton New Zealand
| | - William Henderson
- Chemistry, School of Science; University of Waikato; Private Bag 3105 Hamilton New Zealand
| | | | - Paul G. Plieger
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences; Massey University; Private Bag 11222 4410 Palmerston North New Zealand
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20
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Abstract
New campestarene derivatives bear functional groups designed to facilitate the formation of supramolecular assemblies of these 5-fold symmetric building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Nam
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
| | - David C. Ware
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
| | - Penelope J. Brothers
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Lemon
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag
92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - David C. Powers
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Penelope J. Brothers
- School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag
92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Daniel G. Nocera
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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22
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Raymond O, Henderson W, Brothers PJ, Plieger PG. Electrospray-Ionisation Mass-Spectrometric (ESI-MS) Investigation of Beryllium Hydrolysis in Acidic Solutions of Beryllium Sulfate. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Onyekachi Raymond
- Chemistry, School of Science; University of Waikato; Private Bag 3105 Hamilton New Zealand
| | - William Henderson
- Chemistry, School of Science; University of Waikato; Private Bag 3105 Hamilton New Zealand
| | | | - Paul G. Plieger
- Chemistry, Institute of Fundamental Science; Massey University; Turitea Campus Palmerston North New Zealand
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23
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Fang H, Jing H, Zhang A, Ge H, Yao Z, Brothers PJ, Fu X. Synthesis, Electronic Structure, and Reactivity Studies of a 4-Coordinate Square Planar Germanium(IV) Cation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7705-10. [PMID: 27243114 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A tetra-coordinate, square planar germanium(IV) cation [(TPFC)Ge](+) (TPFC = tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole) was synthesized quantitatively by the reaction of (TPFC)Ge-H with [Ph3C](+)[B(C6F5)4](¯). The highly reactive [(TPFC)Ge](+) cation reacted with benzene to form phenyl complex (TPFC)Ge-C6H5 through an electrophilic pathway. The key intermediate, a σ-type germylium-benzene adduct, [(TPFC)Ge(η(1)-C6H6)](+), was isolated and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Deprotonation of [(TPFC)Ge(η(1)-C6H6)](+) cation led to the formation of (TPFC)Ge-C6H5. [(TPFC)Ge](+) also reacted with ethylene and cyclopropane in benzene at room temperature to form (TPFC)Ge-CH2CH2C6H5 and (TPFC)Ge-CH2CH2CH2C6H5, respectively. The observed electrophilic reactivity is ascribed to the highly exposed cationic germanium center with novel frontier orbitals comprising two vacant sp-hybridized orbitals that are not conjugated to π-system. The three electron-withdrawing pentafluorophenyl groups on the corrole ligand also enhance the electrophilicity of the cationic germanium corrole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayi Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huize Jing
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aixi Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haonan Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengmin Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Penelope J Brothers
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
| | - Xuefeng Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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24
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Liu B, Novikova N, Simpson MC, Timmer MSM, Stocker BL, Söhnel T, Ware DC, Brothers PJ. Lighting up sugars: fluorescent BODIPY–gluco-furanose and –septanose conjugates linked by direct B–O–C bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5205-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00726k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
O-BODIPY–glucose conjugates are linked through covalent B–O–C(glucose) bonds, and feature a rare instance of the unnatural septanose form of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
| | - Nina Novikova
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
| | - M. Cather Simpson
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
| | - Mattie S. M. Timmer
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- New Zealand
| | - Bridget L. Stocker
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
| | - David C. Ware
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
| | - Penelope J. Brothers
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
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25
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Dolan C, Drouet F, Ware DC, Brothers PJ, Jin J, Brimble MA, Williams DE. A new high-capacity metal ion-complexing gel containing cyclen ligands. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00604c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
“Hairy” nano-scale objects cross-linked into a high-capacity metal-binding hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán Dolan
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | - Fleur Drouet
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
| | - David C. Ware
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
| | - Penelope J. Brothers
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | - Jianyong Jin
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | - David E. Williams
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
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26
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Fang H, Jing H, Ge H, Brothers PJ, Fu X, Ye S. The Mechanism of E–H (E = N, O) Bond Activation by a Germanium Corrole Complex: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7122-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huayi Fang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huize Jing
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haonan Ge
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Penelope J. Brothers
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
| | - Xuefeng Fu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shengfa Ye
- Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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27
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Arnold J, Brothers PJ, Mountford P, Piers WE, Thomas CM, Don Tilley T. The influence of Michael Lappert on the chemistry landscape. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:16553-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt90167c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Yun L, Vazquez-Lima H, Fang H, Yao Z, Geisberger G, Dietl C, Ghosh A, Brothers PJ, Fu X. Synthesis and reactivity studies of a tin(II) corrole complex. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:7047-54. [PMID: 24941110 DOI: 10.1021/ic501103c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole (TPFC) tin(IV) and tin(II) complexes were prepared and studied by various characterization techniques including (1)H, (19)F, and (119)Sn NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The unusual 4-coordinate, monomeric, divalent tin(II) complex [(TPFC)Sn(II)](-) (2a) showed highly efficient reactivity toward alkenes and alkyl halides via a nucleophilic addition pathway leading to the quantitative formation of alkyl stannyl corrole compounds. DFT calculations confirmed the divalent nature of the tin center in 2a, and an NBO analysis showed about 99.99% Sn lone pair character, of which 83.6% was Sn 5s and 16.35% was Sn 5p character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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29
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Albrett AM, Thomas KE, Maslek S, Młodzianowska A, Conradie J, Beavers CM, Ghosh A, Brothers PJ. Mono- and Diboron Corroles: Factors Controlling Stoichiometry and Hydrolytic Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:5486-93. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500114k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia M. Albrett
- School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kolle E. Thomas
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Stefanie Maslek
- School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna Młodzianowska
- School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Christine M. Beavers
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8229, United States
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Penelope J. Brothers
- School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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30
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Fang H, Ling Z, Lang K, Brothers PJ, de Bruin B, Fu X. Germanium(iii) corrole complex: reactivity and mechanistic studies of visible-light promoted N–H bond activations. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52326h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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31
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Chang JYC, Lu GL, Stevenson RJ, Brothers PJ, Clark GR, Botting KJ, Ferry DM, Tercel M, Wilson WR, Denny WA, Ware DC. Cross-Bridged Cyclen or Cyclam Co(III) Complexes Containing Cytotoxic Ligands as Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:7688-98. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4006967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Yu-Chih Chang
- School of Chemical Sciences and ‡Auckland Cancer Society Research
Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Guo-Liang Lu
- School of Chemical Sciences and ‡Auckland Cancer Society Research
Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ralph J. Stevenson
- School of Chemical Sciences and ‡Auckland Cancer Society Research
Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Penelope J. Brothers
- School of Chemical Sciences and ‡Auckland Cancer Society Research
Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - George R. Clark
- School of Chemical Sciences and ‡Auckland Cancer Society Research
Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - K. Jane Botting
- School of Chemical Sciences and ‡Auckland Cancer Society Research
Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Dianne M. Ferry
- School of Chemical Sciences and ‡Auckland Cancer Society Research
Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Moana Tercel
- School of Chemical Sciences and ‡Auckland Cancer Society Research
Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - William R. Wilson
- School of Chemical Sciences and ‡Auckland Cancer Society Research
Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - William A. Denny
- School of Chemical Sciences and ‡Auckland Cancer Society Research
Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - David C. Ware
- School of Chemical Sciences and ‡Auckland Cancer Society Research
Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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32
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Buckley HL, Chomitz WA, Koszarna B, Tasior M, Gryko DT, Brothers PJ, Arnold J. Synthesis of lithium corrole and its use as a reagent for the preparation of cyclopentadienyl zirconium and titanium corrole complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 48:10766-8. [PMID: 23014670 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35984g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The lithium corrole complex (Mes(2)(p-OMePh)corrole)Li(3)·6THF (1·6THF), prepared via deprotonation of the free-base corrole with lithium amide, acts as precursor for the preparation of cyclopentadienyl zirconium(iv) corrole (2) and pentamethylcyclopentadienyl titanium(IV) corrole (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Buckley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
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33
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Abstract
Corroles are unusual macrocycles that often exhibit chemical reactivity that is distinct from their closely related porphyrin cousins. Standard organic transformations with corroles often result in the formation of unexpected products. A survey of synthetic methods for the preparation of both meso-substituted and β-substituted corroles will give an overview of the different synthetic strategies. This review provides a comprehensive description of the chemical reactivity and functionalization of corroles, focusing especially on reactions at the periphery of the macrocycle. Formylation, nitration, bromination and chlorosulfonation reactions will be explored in detail. In addition, demetalation processes, reactivity of the N-pyrrolic nitrogens and the lability of the macrocycle ring toward expansion and ring-opening reactions will be discussed. Finally, the synthesis of super-structured (picket-fence, capped, and strapped) corroles and isocorroles will be surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Lemon
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Penelope J. Brothers
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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34
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Abstract
Recent advances in the chemistry of main group porphyrin complexes are surveyed. New, unprecedented structural types for porphyrin complexes which have been revealed from the recent reports of boron and tellurium porphyrins are described. Advances in the preparation and reactivity of Group 14 (silicon and tin) and Group 15 porphyrin complexes are discussed. A systematic variation in the out-of-plane distortion (ruffling) of light element Group 14 and 15 porphyrin complexes has become apparent now that a significant number of structurally characterized examples are at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope J. Brothers
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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35
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Abstract
A series of free-base and metallated mixed ferrocenamido- and pivalamidophenylporphy-rins have been prepared from the α,α′,α″,α‴ isomer of 5,10,15,20-tetra(o-aminophenyl)porphyrin. The X-ray crystal structure of the iron(III) α,α′,α″,α‴-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(o-ferrocenamidophenyl)-porphyrin bromide has been determined and compared with related structures of cobalt(III) α,α′,α″,α‴-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(o-pivalamidophenyl)porphyrin bromide pyridine and the free base α,α′,α″,α‴-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(o-pivalamidophenyl)porphyrin. In both metalloporphyrins the coordinated axial bromides are contained in the cavity formed by the appended pickets with all the amide N - H bonds directed toward the anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anthony K. Burrell
- Actinide, Catalysis and Separations Chemistry, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Peter D. W. Boyd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Penelope J. Brothers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Clifton E. F. Rickard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope J. Brothers
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
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37
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Lu GL, Stevenson RJ, Chang JYC, Brothers PJ, Ware DC, Wilson WR, Denny WA, Tercel M. N-alkylated cyclen cobalt(III) complexes of 1-(chloromethyl)-3-(5,6,7-trimethoxyindol-2-ylcarbonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinolin-5-ol DNA alkylating agent as hypoxia-activated prodrugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4861-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Abstract
Metalloporphyrin complexes of the period six metals gold, mercury, thallium, lead and bismuth are often overlooked in favour of their lighter congeners. These complexes exhibit unusual coordination geometries, prominently featuring the metal centre residing out the porphyrin plane. Not only are these compounds chemically interesting, but several applications for these complexes are beginning to emerge. Gold and bismuth porphyrins have medicinal applications including novel chemotherapeutics and sensitizers for α-radiotherapy, while gold porphyrins have applications in materials chemistry and catalysis. This perspective serves to highlight trends in the synthesis and structure of these heavy metal complexes as well as illustrate the considerations necessary for rationally designing elaborate porphyrin architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Lemon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92109, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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Fang H, Ling Z, Brothers PJ, Fu X. Reactivity studies of a corrole germanium hydride complex with aldehydes, olefins and alkyl halides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:11677-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15076f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gonzalez E, Brothers PJ, Ghosh A. Density functional theory calculations on ruthenium(IV) bis(amido) porphyrins: search for a broader perspective of heme protein compound II intermediates. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:15380-8. [PMID: 20979402 DOI: 10.1021/jp107692m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Presented herein is a first density functional theory (DFT) (ZORA, STO-TZP) survey of ruthenium(IV) porphyrins with monoanionic nitrogen ligands, modeled after experimentally observed ruthenium porphyrin bis(amido), bis(methyleneamido), and bis(pyrazolato) complexes. Three exchange correlation functionals--PW91, OLYP, and B3LYP, which often behave somewhat differently--provide good, consistent descriptions of the lowest singlet and triplet states. For ruthenium porphyrin bis(amido) and bis(methyleneamido) complexes, the calculations reproduce the experimentally observed S = 0 ground states, with the triplet states only a few tenths of an electron-volt higher in energy. The singlet-triplet energy gaps decrease somewhat along the series PW91 > OLYP > B3LYP. Molecular orbital (MO) analyses also provide a qualitative explanation for the singlet ground states of these complexes, which may be contrasted with the triplet states of heme protein compound II intermediates and their synthetic iron(IV) models. Amido and methyleneamido ligands have a single π-lone pair, unlike hydroxide, alkoxide, and thiolate ligands, which have two. The former therefore engage in a single π-bonding interaction with one of the Ru d(π) orbitals, resulting in an S = 0 d(4) electronic configuration. In contrast, the O or S ligands present in compound II engage in π-bonding with both d(π) orbitals, resulting in an S = 1 ground state. For the ruthenium(IV) bis(methyleneamido) complexes, our MO analysis indicates a somewhat different bonding description, relative to that proposed by the experimental researchers, who invoked Ru(d(π)) → N(methyleneamido)(π*) backbonding to explain Ru-N(methyleneamido) multiple bond character. Instead, we found that the metal-methyleneamido π-bonding almost exclusively involves N-to-Ru π-donation and thus is qualitatively very similar to metal-amido π-bonding. Ruthenium(IV) bis(pyrazolato) complexes provide rare examples of ruthenium(IV) centers with all-nitrogen ligation that are paramagnetic. OLYP successfully captures this "inverse" spin state energetics; PW91 and B3LYP do so less well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Chang JYC, Stevenson RJ, Lu GL, Brothers PJ, Clark GR, Denny WA, Ware DC. Syntheses of 8-quinolinolatocobalt(iii) complexes containing cyclen based auxiliary ligands as models for hypoxia-activated prodrugs. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:11535-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01142h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Albrett AM, Boyd PDW, Clark GR, Gonzalez E, Ghosh A, Brothers PJ. Reductive coupling and protonation leading to diboron corroles with a B–H–B bridge. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:4032-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c002885c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Albrett AM, Conradie J, Boyd PDW, Clark GR, Ghosh A, Brothers PJ. Corrole as a Binucleating Ligand: Preparation, Molecular Structure and Density Functional Theory Study of Diboron Corroles. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:2888-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja077785u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia M. Albrett
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand, Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway, and Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand, Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway, and Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Peter D. W. Boyd
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand, Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway, and Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - George R. Clark
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand, Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway, and Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand, Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway, and Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Penelope J. Brothers
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand, Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway, and Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Hodgson MC, Brothers PJ, Clark GR, Ware DC. Synthetic routes to mixed-ligand cobalt(III) dithiocarbamato complexes containing imidazole, amine and pyridine donors and the X-ray crystal structure of a cobalt(III) bis(dithiocarbamato) histamine complex. J Inorg Biochem 2008; 102:789-97. [PMID: 18262652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Revised: 10/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The binuclear cobalt complex [Co(2)(Me(2)dtc)(5)](+) reacts with a range of nitrogen donor ligands L' or L'' to form an equimolar mixture of Co(Me(2)dtc)(3) and the mixed-ligand complexes [Co(Me(2)dtc)(2)(L')(2)](+) or [Co(Me(2)dtc)(2)(L'')](+), where (L')(2) is two monodentate ligands and (L'') is one bidentate ligand. The complexes prepared by this route contain the monodentate ligands L'=1-methyl-imidazole, 1-methyl-5-nitro-imidazole and benzimidazole, all of which coordinate to cobalt through an imidazole nitrogen atom. Symmetrical bidentate ligand complexes contain the bisimidazole L''=2,2'-bis(4,5-dimethylimidazole), the diamine L''=1,2-diaminobenzene and the pyridine donors L''=2,2'-bipyridine, 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline. Two examples of complexes with unsymmetrical bidentate imidazole-amine donors were prepared in which L''=4-(2-aminoethyl)imidazole (histamine) and 2-aminomethylbenzimidazole. All new complexes were fully characterised, and the X-ray crystal structure of the histamine complex [Co(Me(2)dtc)(2)(hist)]ClO(4) is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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Albrett AM, Conradie J, Ghosh A, Brothers PJ. DFT survey of monoboron and diboron corroles: regio- and stereochemical preferences for a constrained, low-symmetry macrocycle. Dalton Trans 2008:4464-73. [DOI: 10.1039/b718755f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Brothers PJ. Boron complexes of porphyrins and related polypyrrole ligands: unexpected chemistry for both boron and the porphyrin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:2090-102. [DOI: 10.1039/b714894a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Weiss A, Hodgson MC, Boyd PDW, Siebert W, Brothers PJ. Diboryl and Diboranyl Porphyrin Complexes: Synthesis, Structural Motifs, and Redox Chemistry: Diborenyl Porphyrin or Diboranyl Isophlorin? Chemistry 2007; 13:5982-93. [PMID: 17570718 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of diboryl porphyrin complexes [(BX2)2(ttp)] (ttp: dianion of tetra-p-tolylporphyrin) and the B-B single-bond diboranyl complexes [(BX)2(ttp)] (X=F, Cl, Br, I) are given. The former are prepared from the reactions of BX3 (X=F, Cl) with [Li2(ttp)] and the latter from B(2)Cl(4) (X=Cl), the reaction of SbF3 with [(BCl)2(ttp)] (for X=F), and, in the cases of X=Br or I, in a remarkable reductive coupling reaction resulting directly from the reaction of BBr3 or BI3 with [Li2(ttp)]. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the thermochemical parameters for the reductive coupling reactions (and those calculated for related dipyrromethene complexes) indicate that a combination of the reducing ability of bromide and iodide ions combined with the constrained environment of the porphyrin ligand contribute to the driving force. The reductive coupling is also observed in the reaction of [(BCl2)2(ttp)] with nBuLi to give [(BnBu)2(ttp)], which was characterised crystallographically. The reaction of [(BCl)2(ttp)] with catechol gives a boron catecholato porphyrin complex, [B2(O(2)C(6)H(4))(ttp)]. Chloride abstraction from [(BCl)2(ttp)] gives the planar dication [B2(ttp)]2+, whereas chemical reduction of [(BCl)2(ttp)] by using magnesium anthracenide gives a neutral complex, [B(2)(ttp)], in which the TTP ligand has been reduced by two electrons to give an unusual example of an isophlorin complex. The cationic and neutral complexes [B2(ttp)]2+ and [B2(ttp)] were characterised through a combination of spectroscopic data that is supported by DFT calculations on the porphine analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Weiss
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Zinc metal reduction of the cobalt(III) complex [Co(1,4-bcc)](+) (1,4-bcc = 1,4-bis-carboxymethylcyclam) produces the corresponding cobalt(II) complex which crystallises as the coordination polymer {[Co(1,4-bcc)]ZnCl(2)}(n). A method has been developed for removal of the cobalt(III) ion from [Co(1,4-bcc)](+) and isolation of the free ligand as its hydrochloride salt, H(2)(1,4-bcc).4HCl. This has been used for the preparation of new metal complexes, and the syntheses and characterisation of the copper(ii), nickel(ii), zinc(ii) and chromium(iii) complexes containing the 1,4-bcc ligand are described. X-Ray crystal structures of {[Co(1,4-bcc)]ZnCl(2)}(n).2.5H(2)O, {[Cu(1,4-bcc)]CuCl(2)}(n).0.25MeOH.H(2)O and [Cu(1,4-bcc)H]ClO(4) show the complexes to have the trans(O) geometry of the 1,4-bcc ligand, while the structure of [Cr(1,4-bcc)H(0.5)](ClO(4))(1.5).EtOH exhibits the cis(O) configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M Tonei
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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Craig PR, Brothers PJ, Clark GR, Wilson WR, Denny WA, Ware DC. Anionic carbonato and oxalato cobalt(iii) nitrogen mustard complexesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Table of hydrogen bonds for 6b and 8. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/dt/b3/b311091e/. Dalton Trans 2004:611-8. [PMID: 15252524 DOI: 10.1039/b311091e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic approaches to cobalt(III) complexes [Co(L)(L')2] containing the bidentate dialkylating nitrogen mustard N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (L = dce) together with anionic ancilliary ligands (L') which are either carbonato (CO3(2-)), oxalato (ox2-), bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dithiocarbamato (bhedtc-), 2-pyridine carboxylato (pico-) or 2-pyrazine carboxylato (pyzc-) were investigated. Synthetic routes were developed using the related amines N,N-diethyl-1,2-ethanediamine (dee) and 1,2-ethanediamine (en). The complexes [Co(CO3)2(L)]- (L = dee 1, dce 2), [Co(ox)2(L)]- (L = dee 3, dce 4), [Co(bhedtc)2(dee)]+ 5, [Co(bhedtc)2(en)]+ 6, mer-[Co(pico)3], mer-[Co(pyzc)]3 7 and [Co(pico)2(dee)]+ 8 were prepared and were characterised by IR, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C[1H] NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and cyclic voltammetry. [Co(bhedtc)2(en)]BPh4 6b and trans(O)-[Co(pico)2(dee)]ClO4 8 were characterised by X-ray crystallography. In vitro biological tests were carried out on complexes 1-4 in order to assess the degree to which coordination of the mustard to cobalt attenuated its cytotoxicity, and the differential toxicity in air vs. nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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