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Ramya M, Senthil Kumar P, Rangasamy G, Uma Shankar V, Rajesh G, Nirmala K, Saravanan A, Krishnapandi A. A recent advancement on the applications of nanomaterials in electrochemical sensors and biosensors. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136416. [PMID: 36099991 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization and globalization, both on an international and local scale, have caused large quantities of toxic chemicals to be released into the environment. Thus, developing an environmental pollutant sensor platform that is sensitive, reliable, and cost-effective is extremely important. In current years, considerable progress has been made in the expansion of electrochemical sensors and biosensors to monitor the environment using nanomaterials. A large number of emerging biomarkers are currently in existence in the biological fluids, clinical, pharmaceutical and bionanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensor platforms have drawn much attention. Electrochemical systems have been used to detect biomarkers rapidly, sensitively, and selectively using biomaterials such as biopolymers, nucleic acids, proteins etc. In this current review, several recent trends have been identified in the growth of electrochemical sensor platforms using nanotechnology such as carbon nanomaterials, metal oxide nanomaterials, metal nanoparticles, biomaterials and polymers. The integration strategies, applications, specific properties and future projections of nanostructured materials for emerging progressive sensor platforms are also observed. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of nanoparticles in the field of electrochemical sensors and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ramya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - V Uma Shankar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India
| | - G Rajesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India
| | - K Nirmala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India
| | - A Saravanan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
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Delyanee M, Akbari S, Solouk A. Amine-terminated dendritic polymers as promising nanoplatform for diagnostic and therapeutic agents' modification: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113572. [PMID: 34087497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is often challenging to design diagnostic and therapeutic agents that fulfill all functional requirements. So, bulk and surface modifications as a common approach for biomedical applications have been suggested. There have been considerable research interests in using nanomaterials to the prementioned methods. Among all nanomaterials, dendritic materials with three-dimensional structures, host-guest properties, and nano-polymeric dimensions have received considerable attention. Amine-terminated dendritic structures including, polyamidoamine (PAMAM), polypropyleneimine (PPI), and polyethyleneimine (PEI), have been enormously utilized in bio-modification. This review briefly described the structure of these three common dendritic polymers and their use to modify diagnostic and therapeutic agents in six major applications, including drug delivery, gene delivery, biosensor, bioimaging, tissue engineering, and antimicrobial activity. The current review covers amine-terminated dendritic polymers toxicity challenging and improvement strategies as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Delyanee
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Akbari
- Textile Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Atefeh Solouk
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Casanova A, Cuartero M, Alacid Y, Almagro CM, García-Cánovas F, García MS, Ortuño JA. A sustainable amperometric biosensor for the analysis of ascorbic, benzoic, gallic and kojic acids through catechol detection. Innovation and signal processing. Analyst 2020; 145:3645-3655. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02523e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A sustainable catechol biosensor for the analysis of beverages and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Casanova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Murcia
- Murcia E-30100
- Spain
| | - María Cuartero
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Engineering Science in Chemistry
- Biotechnology and Healthcare
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm
| | - Yolanda Alacid
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Murcia
- Murcia E-30100
- Spain
| | - Carmen M. Almagro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Murcia
- Murcia E-30100
- Spain
| | - Francisco García-Cánovas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Murcia
- Murcia E-30100
- Spain
| | - María S. García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Murcia
- Murcia E-30100
- Spain
| | - Joaquín A. Ortuño
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Murcia
- Murcia E-30100
- Spain
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Dendrimers as Soft Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Immunosensors. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9121745. [PMID: 31817938 PMCID: PMC6955849 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical immunosensors are antibody-based affinity biosensors with a high impact on clinical, environmental, food, and pharmaceutical analysis. In general, the analytical performance of these devices is critically determined by the materials and reagents used for their construction, signal production and amplification. Dendrimers are monodisperse and highly branched polymers with three-dimensional structures widely employed as “soft” nanomaterials in electrochemical immunosensor technology. This review provides an overview on the state-of-the-art in dendrimer-based electrochemical immunosensors, focusing on those using polyamidoamine and poly (propylene imine) dendrimers. Special emphasis is given to the most original methods recently reported for the construction of immunosensor architectures incorporating dendrimers, as well as to novel sensing approaches based on dendrimer-assisted signal enhancement strategies.
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Gheybi H, Sattari S, Soleimani K, Adeli M. Graphene-dendritic polymer hybrids: synthesis, properties, and applications. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Soussou A, Gammoudi I, Kalboussi A, Grauby-Heywang C, Cohen-Bouhacina T, Baccar ZM. Hydrocalumite Thin Films for Polyphenol Biosensor Elaboration. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2017; 16:650-655. [PMID: 28792903 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2017.2736781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid thin films based on Hydrocalumite (Ca2AlCl layered double hydroxide LDH) and tyrosinaseenzyme have been used for the elaboration of a high sensitive amperometric biosensor detecting polyphenols extracted from green tea. Structural properties of LDH nanomaterials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and Infra-Red spectroscopy, confirming its crystalline phase and chemical composition. Ca2AlCl-LDHs-thin films were deposited by spin-coating, and studied by atomic force microscopy to obtain information about the surface morphology of this host matrix before and after enzyme's immobilization. Electrochemical study using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry shows good performances of the built-in biosensor with a high sensitivity for polyphenols concentrations ranging from 24 pM to and a limit of detection of 1.2 pM.
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Tel-Vered R, Kahn JS, Willner I. Layered Metal Nanoparticle Structures on Electrodes for Sensing, Switchable Controlled Uptake/Release, and Photo-electrochemical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:51-75. [PMID: 26514112 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201501367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Layered metal nanoparticle (NP) assemblies provide highly porous and conductive composites of unique electrical and optical (plasmonic) properties. Two methods to construct layered metal NP matrices are described, and these include the layer-by-layer deposition of NPs, or the electropolymerization of monolayer-functionalized NPs, specifically thioaniline-modified metal NPs. The layered NP composites are used as sensing matrices through the use of electrochemistry or surface plasmon resonance (SPR) as transduction signals. The crosslinking of the metal NP composites with molecular receptors, or the imprinting of molecular recognition sites into the electropolymerized NP matrices lead to selective and chiroselective sensing interfaces. Furthermore, the electrosynthesis of redox-active, imprinted, bis-aniline bridged Au NP composites yields electrochemically triggered "sponges" for the switchable uptake and release of electron-acceptor substrates, and results in conductive surfaces of electrochemically controlled wettability. Also, photosensitizer-relay-crosslinked Au NP composites, or electrochemically polymerized layered semiconductor quantum dot/metal NP matrices on electrodes, are demonstrated as functional nanostructures for photoelectrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tel-Vered
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Jason S Kahn
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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Boujakhrout A, Díez P, Martínez-Ruíz P, Sánchez A, Parrado C, Povedano E, Soto P, Pingarrón JM, Villalonga R. Gold nanoparticles/silver-bipyridine hybrid nanobelts with tuned peroxidase-like activity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12972b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel Au nanoparticles-doped silver-bipyridine coordination polymers with fractal morphology and intrinsic peroxidase-like activity were prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahmane Boujakhrout
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Paula Díez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Paloma Martínez-Ruíz
- Department of Organic Chemistry I
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Alfredo Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Concepción Parrado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Eloy Povedano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Paul Soto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - José M. Pingarrón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Reynaldo Villalonga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
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Boujakhrout A, Jimenez-Falcao S, Martínez-Ruiz P, Sánchez A, Díez P, Pingarrón JM, Villalonga R. Novel reduced graphene oxide–glycol chitosan nanohybrid for the assembly of an amperometric enzyme biosensor for phenols. Analyst 2016; 141:4162-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02640g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive laccase biosensor for phenols based on a novel graphene oxide–glycol chitosan nanohybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paloma Martínez-Ruiz
- Department of Organic Chemistry I
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Alfredo Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Paula Díez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - José M. Pingarrón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
- IMDEA Nanoscience
| | - Reynaldo Villalonga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
- IMDEA Nanoscience
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Boujakhrout A, Sánchez E, Díez P, Sánchez A, Martínez-Ruiz P, Parrado C, Pingarrón JM, Villalonga R. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Au-Mesoporous Silica Janus Nanoparticles as Building Blocks for the Preparation of a Bienzyme Biosensor. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrique Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Paula Díez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Alfredo Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Paloma Martínez-Ruiz
- Department of Organic Chemistry I; Complutense University of Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Concepción Parrado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - José M. Pingarrón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Reynaldo Villalonga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
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Borisova B, Ramos J, Díez P, Sánchez A, Parrado C, Araque E, Villalonga R, Pingarrón JM. A Layer-by-Layer Biosensing Architecture Based on Polyamidoamine Dendrimer and Carboxymethylcellulose-Modified Graphene Oxide. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Brunetti V, Bouchet LM, Strumia MC. Nanoparticle-cored dendrimers: functional hybrid nanocomposites as a new platform for drug delivery systems. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:3808-3816. [PMID: 25566989 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04438j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-cored dendrimers (NCDs) are now offering themselves as versatile carriers because of their colloidal stability, tunable membrane properties and ability to encapsulate or integrate a broad range of drugs and molecules. This kind of hybrid nanocomposite aims to combine the advantages of stimuli-responsive dendritic coatings, in order to regulate the drug release behaviour under different conditions and improve the biocompatibility and in vivo half-time circulation of the inorganic nanoparticles. Size, surface chemistry and shape are key nanocarrier properties to evaluate. Here, we have reviewed the most recent advances of NCDs in drug delivery systems, compared their behaviour with non-dendritic stabilized nanoparticles and highlighted their challenges and promising applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Brunetti
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica (INFIQC, CONICET-UNC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, (5016) Córdoba, Argentina
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Boujakhrout A, Sánchez A, Díez P, Jiménez-Falcao S, Martínez-Ruiz P, Peña-Álvarez M, Pingarrón JM, Villalonga R. Decorating graphene oxide/nanogold with dextran-based polymer brushes for the construction of ultrasensitive electrochemical enzyme biosensors. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:3518-3524. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00451a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy to prepare a water-soluble graphene derivative by attaching dextran polymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahmane Boujakhrout
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Alfredo Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Paula Díez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Sandra Jiménez-Falcao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Paloma Martínez-Ruiz
- Department of Organic Chemistry I
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Miriam Peña-Álvarez
- Department of Physical Chemistry I
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - José M. Pingarrón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Reynaldo Villalonga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
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Araque E, Villalonga R, Gamella M, Martínez-Ruiz P, Sánchez A, García-Baonza V, Pingarrón JM. Water-Soluble Reduced Graphene Oxide-Carboxymethylcellulose Hybrid Nanomaterial for Electrochemical Biosensor Design. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Díez P, Gamella M, Martínez-Ruíz P, Lanzone V, Sánchez A, Sánchez E, Garcinuño B, Villalonga R, Pingarrón JM. Biotin-Labeled Electropolymerized Network of Gold Nanoparticles for Amperometric Immunodetection of Human Fibrinogen. ChemElectroChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201300114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Araque E, Villalonga R, Gamella M, Martínez-Ruiz P, Reviejo J, Pingarrón JM. Crumpled reduced graphene oxide–polyamidoamine dendrimer hybrid nanoparticles for the preparation of an electrochemical biosensor. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:2289-2296. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20078g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Díez P, Villalonga R, Villalonga ML, Pingarrón JM. Supramolecular immobilization of redox enzymes on cyclodextrin-coated magnetic nanoparticles for biosensing applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 386:181-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Díez P, Piuleac CG, Martínez-Ruiz P, Romano S, Gamella M, Villalonga R, Pingarrón JM. Supramolecular immobilization of glucose oxidase on gold coated with cyclodextrin-modified cysteamine core PAMAM G-4 dendron/Pt nanoparticles for mediatorless biosensor design. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:3773-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Villalonga R, Díez P, Eguílaz M, Martínez P, Pingarrón JM. Supramolecular immobilization of xanthine oxidase on electropolymerized matrix of functionalized hybrid gold nanoparticles/single-walled carbon nanotubes for the preparation of electrochemical biosensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:4312-4319. [PMID: 22801986 DOI: 10.1021/am300983u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Glassy carbon electrodes modified with single-walled carbon nanotubes and a three-dimensional network of electropolymerized Au nanoparticles capped with 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid, p-aminothiophenol, and 1-adamantanethiol were used as hybrid electrochemical platforms for supramolecular immobilization of a synthesized artificial neoglycoenzyme of xanthine oxidase and β-cyclodextrin through host-guest interactions. The ensemble was further employed for the bioelectrochemical determination of xanthine. The biosensor showed fast amperometric response within 5 s and a linear behavior in the 50 nM to 9.5 μM xanthine concentration range with high sensitivity, 2.47 A/(M cm(2)), and very low detection limit of 40 nM. The stability of the biosensor was significantly improved and the interferences caused by ascorbic and uric acids were noticeably minimized by coating the electrode surface with a Nafion thin film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reynaldo Villalonga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
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