1
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Lei L, Fan H, Jia Y, Wu X, Hu N, Zhong Q, Wang W. Surface-assisted synthesis of biomass carbon-decorated polymer carbon nitride for efficient visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:1014-1023. [PMID: 36577254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Template is frequently studied as a structure-directing agent to tune the nanomorphology of photocatalysts. However, the influences of template on the polymerization of precursors and compositions of the resulting samples are rarely considered. Herein, a biomass carbon-modified graphitic carbon nitride (CCNx) with a thin-layer morphology is synthesized via one-pot surface-assisted polymerization of melamine precursor on organic yeast. The formation of the hydrogen bond between melamine and yeast induces a strong interfacial confinement, giving rise to small-sized CCNx. In addition, the carbon materials derived from yeast dramatically broaden n → π* visible light harvesting, improve electron delocalization, and greatly enhance charge carrier separation. The optimized CCNx presents a much higher photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 2704 μmol g-1h-1 under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm), which is nearly 11-fold that of its pristine counterpart. This work realizes the synergistic effect between morphology tunning and composition tailoring by using biomass template, which shows a great potential in developing efficient metal-free photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Huiqing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Yuxin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Neng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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2
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Wang D, Wang Z, Liu W, Zhong S, Feng YP, Loh KP, Wee ATS. Real-Space Investigation of the Multiple Halogen Bonds by Ultrahigh-Resolution Scanning Probe Microscopy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202368. [PMID: 35719029 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The chemical bond is of central interest in chemistry, and it is of significance to study the nature of intermolecular bonds in real-space. Herein, non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) and low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (LT-STM) are employed to acquire real-space atomic information of molecular clusters, i.e., monomer, dimer, trimer, tetramer, formed on Au(111). The formation of the various molecular clusters is due to the diversity of halogen bonds. DFT calculation also suggests the formation of three distinct halogen bonds among the molecular clusters, which originates from the noncovalent interactions of Br-atoms with the positive potential H-atoms, neutral potential Br-atoms, and negative potential N-atoms, respectively. This work demonstrates the real-space investigation of the multiple halogen bonds by nc-AFM/LT-STM, indicating the potential use of this technique to study other intermolecular bonds and to understand complex supramolecular assemblies at the atomic/sub-molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingguan Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Zishen Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Physics, Southeast University, 2 Southeast University Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Siying Zhong
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Yuan Ping Feng
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Andrew Thye Shen Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
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3
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Steeno R, Minoia A, Lazzaroni R, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Host-guest chemistry under confinement: peeking at early self-assembly events. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3138-3141. [PMID: 35171159 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07206d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscopic lateral confinement created on a graphite surface enabled the study of embryonic stages of molecular self-assembly on solid surfaces using scanning tunneling microscopy performed at the solution/solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roelof Steeno
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Andrea Minoia
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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4
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Trandafir A, Pantoş GD, Ilie A. Borazatruxenes as precursors for hybrid C-BN 2D molecular networks. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:1929-1943. [PMID: 35048940 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07194g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthesizing atomically thin, crystalline two-dimensional (2D) molecular materials which combine carbon with other elements is an emerging field requiring both custom-designed molecular precursors and their ability to organize into networks (hydrogen-bonded or covalent). Hybrid carbon-boron nitride (C-BN) networks face the additional challenge of needing hydrolytically-stable BN-containing molecular precursors. Here, we show that borazatruxenes (truxene-like molecules with a borazine core) and their halogenated derivatives are highly stable precursors suitable for on-surface assembly. Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) simulations we demonstrate hierarchical H-bonded assembly based on chiral homodimers of tribromo-borazatruxenes (3Br-borazatruxenes) as building blocks for both 1D chains and 2D networks. A low-symmetry, H-bonded chiral 2D lattice forms on Au(111) from the C3-symmetric 3Br-borazatruxenes, leading to large enantiomorphic domains that are molecularly homochiral. Such homochiral segregation is a necessary condition if chiral C-BN covalent networks are to be obtained via subsequent on-surface reactions. We show via DFT that up to two Na atoms can be trapped within the small pores of this dense lattice, while further Na atoms can adsorb on preferred network sites; this leads to hybrid Na-molecular network electronic bands with anisotropic dispersion and significant (up to hundreds of meV) bandwidths, as well as significant doping, that can engender anisotropic transport through the network. Finally, electronic structure comparisons (combining both experiment and computation) between borazatruxene, its tri-brominated derivative and truxene show that the borazine core controls the band gap increase, while also inducing C-B pz-pz electron delocalization that facilitates a continuous electron path across the molecule. Furthermore, as shown by DFT, the borazine core drives inter-layer B-N polar interactions that promote adsorption of BN containing molecules in a staggered configuration, a mechanism to be exploited in layer-by-layer supra-molecular assembly of novel hybrid C-BN materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Trandafir
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Graphene Science, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - G Dan Pantoş
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Graphene Science, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Adelina Ilie
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
- Centre for Graphene Science, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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5
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Tharmalingam B, Mathivanan M, Anitha O, Kaminsky W, Murugesapandian B. Nitrogen rich triaminoguanidine-pyrrole conjugate as supramolecular synthon for the construction of charge-assisted hydrogen bonded network with various carboxylic acids. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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6
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Ustinov EA, Gorbunov VA, Akimenko SS. Thermodynamics of self-assembled molecular layers of trimesic acid from fields-supported kinetic Monte Carlo simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26111-26123. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03380a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A technique has been developed for calculating the thermodynamic characteristics of rigid self-assembled organic adsorption layers and the parameters of polymorphic transitions using two types of external fields and the kinetic Monte Carlo method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene A. Ustinov
- Ioffe Institute, 26 Polytechnicheskaya, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation
| | - Vitaly A. Gorbunov
- Ioffe Institute, 26 Polytechnicheskaya, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation
- Omsk State Technical University, 11 Pr. Mira, Omsk, 644050, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey S. Akimenko
- Ioffe Institute, 26 Polytechnicheskaya, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation
- Omsk State Technical University, 11 Pr. Mira, Omsk, 644050, Russian Federation
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7
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Antipin IS, Alfimov MV, Arslanov VV, Burilov VA, Vatsadze SZ, Voloshin YZ, Volcho KP, Gorbatchuk VV, Gorbunova YG, Gromov SP, Dudkin SV, Zaitsev SY, Zakharova LY, Ziganshin MA, Zolotukhina AV, Kalinina MA, Karakhanov EA, Kashapov RR, Koifman OI, Konovalov AI, Korenev VS, Maksimov AL, Mamardashvili NZ, Mamardashvili GM, Martynov AG, Mustafina AR, Nugmanov RI, Ovsyannikov AS, Padnya PL, Potapov AS, Selektor SL, Sokolov MN, Solovieva SE, Stoikov II, Stuzhin PA, Suslov EV, Ushakov EN, Fedin VP, Fedorenko SV, Fedorova OA, Fedorov YV, Chvalun SN, Tsivadze AY, Shtykov SN, Shurpik DN, Shcherbina MA, Yakimova LS. Functional supramolecular systems: design and applications. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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8
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Steeno R, Minoia A, Gimenez-Lopez MC, Blunt MO, Champness NR, Lazzaroni R, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Molecular dopant determines the structure of a physisorbed self-assembled molecular network. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1454-1457. [PMID: 33438693 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07338e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A small percentage of an impurity was shown, via scanning tunneling microscopy, to drastically change the on-surface self-assembly behavior of an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid, by initiating the nucleation and growth of a different polymorph. Molecular modelling simulations were used to shed further light onto the dopant-controlled assembly behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roelof Steeno
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Andrea Minoia
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Maria C Gimenez-Lopez
- Centro Singular de Investigacion en Quimica Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Matthew O Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Neil R Champness
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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9
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Initiating Ullmann-like coupling of Br 2Py by a semimetal surface. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3414. [PMID: 33564022 PMCID: PMC7873249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive efforts have been devoted to surface Ullmann-like coupling in recent years, due to its appealing success towards on-surface synthesis of tailor-made nanostructures. While attentions were mostly drawn on metallic substrates, however, Ullmann dehalogenation and coupling reaction on semimetal surfaces has been seldom addressed. Herein, we demonstrate the self-assembly of 2, 7-dibromopyrene (Br2Py) and the well controllable dehalogenation reaction of Br2Py on the Bi(111)–Ag substrate with a combination of scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory calculations (DFT). By elaborately investigating the reaction path and formed organic nanostructures, it is revealed that the pristinely inert bismuth layer supported on the silver substrate can initiate Ullmann-like coupling in a desired manner by getting alloyed with Ag atoms underneath, while side products have not been discovered. By clarifying the pristine nature of Bi–Ag(111) and Ullmann-like reaction mechanisms, our report proposes an ideal template for thoroughly exploring dehalogenative coupling reaction mechanisms with atomic insights and on-surface synthesis of carbon-based architectures.
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10
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Davidson JA, Sacchi M, Gorrec F, Clarke SM, Jenkins SJ. Halogen Bonding in Bicomponent Monolayers: Self-Assembly of a Homologous Series of Iodinated Perfluoroalkanes with Bipyridine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:627-635. [PMID: 33404242 PMCID: PMC8397337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A homologous series of halogen bonding monolayers based on terminally iodinated perfluoroalkanes and 4,4'-bipyridine have been observed on a graphitic surface and noninvasively probed using powder X-ray diffraction. An excellent agreement is observed between the X-ray structures and density functional theory calculations with dispersion force corrections. Theoretical analysis of the binding energies of the structures indicate that these halogen bonds are strong (25 kJ mol-1), indicating that the layers are highly stable. The monolayer structures are found to be distinct from any plane of the corresponding bulk structures, with limited evidence of partitioning of hydrocarbon and perfluoro tectons. The interchain interactions are found to be slightly stronger than those in related aromatic systems, with important implications for 2D crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Sacchi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrice Gorrec
- MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M. Clarke
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- BP
Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Jenkins
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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11
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Berrocal J, Heideman GH, de Waal BFM, Meijer EW, Feringa BL. Combinatorial Selection Among Geometrical Isomers of Discrete Long-Carbon-Chain Naphthalenediimides Induces Local Order at the Liquid/Solid Interface. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13865-13875. [PMID: 32914965 PMCID: PMC7596778 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report two families of naphthalenediimides (NDIs) symmetrically functionalized with discrete carbon chains comprising up to 55 carbon atoms (Cn-NDI-Cn, n = 39, 44, 50, and 55) and their self-assembly at the 1-phenyloctane/highly oriented pyrolytic graphite interface (1-PO/HOPG interface). The compounds differ by the presence or absence of two or three internal double bonds in the carbon chains (unsaturated and saturated Cn-NDI-Cn, respectively). Combinatorial distributions of geometrical isomers displaying either the E- or Z-configuration at each double bond are obtained for the unsaturated compounds. Analysis of the self-assembled monolayers of equally long unsaturated and saturated Cn-NDI-Cn by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) reveal that all Cn-NDI-Cn tend to form lamellar systems featuring alternating areas of aromatic cores and carbon chains. Extended chain lengths are found to significantly increase disorder in the self-assembled monolayers due to misalignments and enhanced strength of interchain interactions. This phenomenon is antagonized by the local order-inducing effect of the internal double bonds: unsaturated Cn-NDI-Cn give qualitatively more ordered self-assembled monolayers compared to their saturated counterparts. The use of combinatorial distributions of unsaturated Cn-NDI-Cn geometrical isomers does not represent a limitation to achieve local order in the self-assembled monolayers. The self-assembly process operates a combinatorial search and selects the geometrical isomer(s) affording the most thermodynamically stable pattern, highlighting the adaptive character of the system. Finally, the antagonistic interplay between the extended carbon chain lengths and the presence of internal double bonds brings to the discovery of the lamellar "phase C" morphology for unsaturated Cn-NDI-Cn with n ≥ 50.
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Affiliation(s)
- José
Augusto Berrocal
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The
Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - G. Henrieke Heideman
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The
Netherlands
| | - Bas F. M. de Waal
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The
Netherlands
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12
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Chen C, Zhang S, Tu B, Meng T, Li J, Qian Y, Li P, Liu B, Duan W, Xu H, Zhao F, Peng Y, Li J, Zeng Q. Solvent-Dependent Core-Modified Rubyrin Self-Assembly at Liquid/Solid Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:3879-3886. [PMID: 32212611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was utilized to disclose four novel core-modified rubyrin self-assembly behaviors on the highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface, of which N2S4-OR(1)/N2Se4-OR(2) had no phenanthrene pyrrole ring and N2S4-OR(3)/N2Se4-OR(4) had phenanthrene-fused pyrrole rings and meso-aryl substituents. It was discovered that the core-modified rubyrin could self-assemble into either face-on or edge-on monolayer structures selectively at the liquid/HOPG interface in different solvents. There was an obvious solvent-dependent self-assembly for N2S4-OR(3)/N2Se4-OR(4), which adopted an edge-on and face-on structure in 1-phenyloctane and 1-heptanoic acid solvents, respectively, whereas N2S4-OR(1)/N2Se4-OR(2) showed no obvious difference in the assembly structure, which both adopted a face-on structure in the two solvents. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also utilized to reveal the relevant self-assembly mechanisms. This study shows a typical solvent effect regulating core-modified rubyrin self-assembly, which is essential for porphyrin-based functional devices' design and manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bin Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ting Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
- College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianqiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuxin Qian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wubiao Duan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Haijun Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fengying Zhao
- Jiangxi College of Applied Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geo Materials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Jiangxi College of Applied Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geo Materials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jiangxi College of Applied Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geo Materials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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13
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Berrocal JA, Heideman GH, de Waal BFM, Enache M, Havenith RWA, Stöhr M, Meijer EW, Feringa BL. Engineering Long-Range Order in Supramolecular Assemblies on Surfaces: The Paramount Role of Internal Double Bonds in Discrete Long-Chain Naphthalenediimides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4070-4078. [PMID: 31971383 PMCID: PMC7047225 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Achieving
long-range order with surface-supported supramolecular
assemblies is one of the pressing challenges in the prospering field
of non-covalent surface functionalization. Having access to defect-free
on-surface molecular assemblies will pave the way for various nanotechnology
applications. Here we report the synthesis of two libraries of naphthalenediimides
(NDIs) symmetrically functionalized with long aliphatic chains (C28 and C33) and their self-assembly at the 1-phenyloctane/highly
oriented pyrolytic graphite (1-PO/HOPG) interface. The two NDI libraries
differ by the presence/absence of an internal double bond in each
aliphatic chain (unsaturated and saturated compounds, respectively).
All molecules assemble into lamellar arrangements, with the NDI cores
lying flat and forming 1D rows on the surface, while the carbon chains
separate the 1D rows from each other. Importantly, the presence of
the unsaturation plays a dominant role in the arrangement of the aliphatic
chains, as it exclusively favors interdigitation. The fully saturated
tails, instead, self-assemble into a combination of either interdigitated
or non-interdigitated diagonal arrangements. This difference in packing
is spectacularly amplified at the whole surface level and results
in almost defect-free self-assembled monolayers for the unsaturated
compounds. In contrast, the monolayers of the saturated counterparts
are globally disordered, even though they locally preserve the lamellar arrangements. The experimental
observations are supported by computational studies and are rationalized
in terms of stronger van der Waals interactions in the case of the
unsaturated compounds. Our investigation reveals the paramount role
played by internal double bonds on the self-assembly of discrete large
molecules at the liquid/solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Augusto Berrocal
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry , Eindhoven University of Technology , 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - G Henrieke Heideman
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Bas F M de Waal
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry , Eindhoven University of Technology , 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Mihaela Enache
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Remco W A Havenith
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 (S3) , B-9000 Gent , Belgium
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - E W Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry , Eindhoven University of Technology , 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
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14
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Teyssandier J, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Halogen Bonding in Two-Dimensional Crystal Engineering. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:225-241. [PMID: 32071832 PMCID: PMC7011184 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Halogen bonds, which provide an intermolecular interaction with moderate strength and high directionality, have emerged as a promising tool in the repertoire of non-covalent interactions. In this review, we provide a survey of the literature where halogen bonding was used for the fabrication of supramolecular networks on solid surfaces. The definitions of, and the distinction between halogen bonding and halogen-halogen interactions are provided. Self-assembled networks formed at the solution/solid interface and at the vacuum-solid interface, stabilized in part by halogen bonding, are discussed. Besides the broad classification based on the interface at which the systems are studied, the systems are categorized further as those sustained by halogen-halogen and halogen-heteroatom contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Teyssandier
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics Department of ChemistryKU Leuven-University of LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F3001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Kunal S. Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics Department of ChemistryKU Leuven-University of LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F3001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics Department of ChemistryKU Leuven-University of LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F3001LeuvenBelgium
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15
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Shu Z, Zhang Q, Zhang P, Qin Z, Liu D, Gao X, Guan B, Qi H, Xiao M, Wei Z, Dong H, Hu W. Preparing two-dimensional crystalline conjugated polymer films by synergetic polymerization and self-assembly at air/water interface. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01836k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymer (CP) films with high molecular order are attractive in polymeric optoelectronics, but challenging.
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16
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Su CH, Chen HL, Sun SJ, Ju SP, Hou TH, Lin CH. Observing the three-dimensional terephthalic acid supramolecular growth mechanism on a stearic acid buffer layer by molecular simulation methods. RSC Adv 2020; 10:1319-1330. [PMID: 35494717 PMCID: PMC9047411 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The terephthalic acid (TPA) supramolecular growth mechanisms on the stearic acid (STA) buffer layer, such as the phase separation and layer-by-layer (LBL) mechanisms, were considered by molecular simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Su
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- Kaohsiung 833
- Taiwan
| | - Hui-Lung Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Culture University
- Taipei 111
- Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jye Sun
- Department of Applied Physics
- National University of Kaohsiung
- Kaohsiung 811
- Taiwan
| | - Shin-Pon Ju
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering
- National Sun Yat-sen University
- Kaohsiung 804
- Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
| | - Tsu-Hsun Hou
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering
- National Sun Yat-sen University
- Kaohsiung 804
- Taiwan
| | - Che-Hsin Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering
- National Sun Yat-sen University
- Kaohsiung 804
- Taiwan
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17
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Carloni LE, Bezzu CG, Bonifazi D. Patterning Porous Networks through Self-Assembly of Programmed Biomacromolecules. Chemistry 2019; 25:16179-16200. [PMID: 31491049 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) porous networks are of great interest for the fabrication of complex organized functional materials for potential applications in nanotechnologies and nanoelectronics. This review aims at providing an overview of bottom-up approaches towards the engineering of 2D porous networks by using biomacromolecules, with a particular focus on nucleic acids and proteins. The first part illustrates how the advancements in DNA nanotechnology allowed for the attainment of complex ordered porous two-dimensional DNA nanostructures, thanks to a biomimetic approach based on DNA molecules self-assembly through specific hydrogen-bond base pairing. The second part focuses the attention on how polypeptides and proteins structural properties could be used to engineer organized networks templating the formation of multifunctional materials. The structural organization of all examples is discussed as revealed by scanning probe microscopy or transmission electron microscopy imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Elie Carloni
- Department of Chemistry and Namur Research College (NARC), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur, 5000, Belgium
| | - C Grazia Bezzu
- Cardiff University, School of Chemistry, Park Place, Main Building, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Cardiff University, School of Chemistry, Park Place, Main Building, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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18
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Goldmann AS, Boase NRB, Michalek L, Blinco JP, Welle A, Barner-Kowollik C. Adaptable and Reprogrammable Surfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902665. [PMID: 31414512 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Establishing control over chemical reactions on interfaces is a key challenge in contemporary surface and materials science, in particular when introducing well-defined functionalities in a reversible fashion. Reprogrammable, adaptable and functional interfaces require sophisticated chemistries to precisely equip them with specific functionalities having tailored properties. In the last decade, reversible chemistries-both covalent and noncovalent-have paved the way to precision functionalize 2 or 3D structures that provide both spatial and temporal control. A critical literature assessment reveals that methodologies for writing and erasing substrates exist, yet are still far from reaching their full potential. It is thus critical to assess the current status and to identify avenues to overcome the existing limitations. Herein, the current state-of-the-art in the field of reversible chemistry on surfaces is surveyed, while concomitantly identifying the challenges-not only synthetic but also in current surface characterization methods. The potential within reversible chemistry on surfaces to function as true writeable memories devices is identified, and the latest developments in readout technologies are discussed. Finally, we explore how spatial and temporal control over reversible, light-induced chemistries has the potential to drive the future of functional interface design, especially when combined with powerful laser lithographic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja S Goldmann
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Nathan R B Boase
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Lukas Michalek
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - James P Blinco
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Alexander Welle
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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19
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Feng L, Wang T, Tao Z, Huang J, Li G, Xu Q, Tait SL, Zhu J. Supramolecular Tessellations at Surfaces by Vertex Design. ACS NANO 2019; 13:10603-10611. [PMID: 31498588 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Assembly and tessellation of organic species at surfaces are important for the design of advanced materials, particularly for the development of spontaneous self-assemblies of supramolecular systems of increasing complexity. However, there are few examples where the ability to steer the system between supramolecular tessellations has been achieved. Here, we demonstrate a series of steps to reduce and then restore molecular symmetry; those variations impact vertex symmetry and thus generate a series of tessellations that reflect the molecular symmetry. We deposit 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl on the Ag(111) surface, then anneal at specific temperatures to achieve stepwise dehydrogenation of the terminal hydroxyls. The symmetry of tessellation vertices in the self-assembled structure also changes, as characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy and synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy. This control over vertex geometry and spontaneous tessellation structure extends our understanding of supramolecular design control and advances architectural complexity for the development of functional surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Feng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029 , China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029 , China
| | - Zhijie Tao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029 , China
| | - Jianmin Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029 , China
| | - Guihang Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029 , China
| | - Qian Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029 , China
| | - Steven L Tait
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029 , China
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20
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Wang CX, Chen JL, Shu CH, Shi KJ, Liu PN. On-surface synthesis of 2D COFs on Cu(111) via the formation of thermodynamically stable organometallic networks as the template. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13222-13229. [PMID: 31179470 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01843c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Template-directed polymerization is an effective approach used to afford regular 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs), thus the regularity of the template is crucial for the quality of the resulting 2D COFs. For the Ullmann reactions on Cu(111), aryl iodides and bromides are activated at low temperature to form organometallic C-Cu-C structures, which lead to kinetic trapping and irregular organometallic networks. Therefore, the subsequent annealing step can only afford irregular 2D COFs. In this manuscript, the molecule 4,4''-dibromo-5'-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1':3',1''-terphenyl incorporated two Br terminals and one Cl terminal has been used to demonstrate different reactivities of a C-Cl bond and a C-Br bond via the hierarchical activation of the C-Br bond and the C-Cl bond on Cu(111). At room temperature, zigzag, armchair, and ring-like organometallic chains formed due to the activation of the C-Br bond to generate a C-Cu-C structure while C-Cl remained intact, illustrating that the C-Cl bond is more stable than C-Br. Further annealing at 433 K activated the C-Cl bond to produce regular organometallic networks as the thermodynamic product. Using the simpler molecule 1,3,5-tris(4-chlorophenyl)benzene as the precursor, the self-assembly of the intact molecules was observed on Cu(111) at 300 K without activation of the C-Cl bond. After annealing at 433 K, similar thermodynamically stable organometallic networks formed directly, which were used as a template to generate regular 2D COFs upon further annealing at 510 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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21
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Cui D, MacLeod JM, Rosei F. Probing functional self-assembled molecular architectures with solution/solid scanning tunnelling microscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10527-10539. [PMID: 30079923 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, solution/solid STM has made clear contributions to our fundamental understanding of the thermodynamic and kinetic processes that occur in molecular self-assembly at surfaces. As the field matures, we provide an overview of how solution/solid STM is emerging as a tool to elucidate and guide the use of self-assembled molecular systems in practical applications, focusing on small molecule device engineering, molecular recognition and sensing and electronic modification of 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daling Cui
- INRS-Energy, Materials and Telecommunications and Center for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada.
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22
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Qian Y, Liu B, Duan W, Zeng Q. Assemblies of porphyrin and phthalocyanine derivatives studied by STM. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618500803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins and phthalocyanines are currently a prevalent topic with great potential due to their abundant photonic/electronic properties. The study of porphyrin or phthalocyanine supramolecular architectures on solid surfaces is laying the foundation for the further development of molecular electronics or other structures in applications. Above all, the invention of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has opened a new path to explore these concepts on surfaces. Self-assemblies on solid surfaces can be probed with STM at submolecular resolutions to disclose the conformations and arrangements of molecules on an individual molecule basis. In this paper, the progress of STM research on porphyrin and phthalocyanine derivatives over past ten years is reviewed. We introduce the self-assembled structures of different porphyrins or phthalocyanines. Throughout the review, the structures, thermodynamics, and dynamics have been emphasized, which are essential current and future research themes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Qian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Wubiao Duan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
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23
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Exploring triazine and heptazine based self assembled molecular materials through first principles investigations. J Mol Model 2018; 24:217. [PMID: 30051287 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials formed from the molecular self assembly of monomers through noncovalent interactions are of great importance in designing complex nanostructures with desired properties. The carbon nitride based heterocyclic systems, triazine and heptazine, are found to be promising candidates for generating various self assembled materials through (N....H) hydrogen bonding. Here, we explored graphyne and graphdiyne-like self assembled structures for carbon nitride materials using the density functional theory calculations. We systematically investigated the monolayer structures, stacked structures in different configurations, as well as the surface assembled structures on the Au(111) surface. In all four different monolayer structures, the monomers interact through the N...H hydrogen bonding. The electronic structure results indicate that the electronic properties in these structures can be tuned through the variation in the length of the acetylinic unit. The minimum energy stacked bilayer structure of triazine based material exactly matches with the experimentally reported structure. Surface assembled studies of the triazine based system show strong interaction between the Au(111) surface and the carbon nitride monolayer. Graphical abstract Self assembled two-dimensional molecular materials as well as the surface assemblies of triazine and heptazine based precursors are computationally investigated.
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24
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Chiu ST, Chiang HY, Lin YJ, Lu YY, Tanaka H, Hosokai T, Horie M. Self-assembly and ring-opening metathesis polymerization of cyclic conjugated molecules on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5546-5549. [PMID: 29761181 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02224k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic conjugated monomers comprising cyclopentadithiophene-vinylene trimers and their polymers on HOPG are observed using STM and AFM. ROMP of the monomers is performed using a Grubbs catalyst. Their STM images exhibit single chains of planar polymers, whereas their AFM images show elongation of the polymer chains on HOPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ting Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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25
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Berrocal J, Teyssandier J, Goor OJGM, De Feyter S, Meijer EW. Supramolecular Loop Stitches of Discrete Block Molecules on Graphite: Tunable Hydrophobicity by Naphthalenediimide End-Capped Oligodimethylsiloxane. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018; 30:3372-3378. [PMID: 29861547 PMCID: PMC5973779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The noncovalent functionalization of surfaces has gained widespread interest in the scientific community, and it is progressively becoming an extremely productive research field offering brand new directions for both supramolecular and materials chemistry. As the end-groups often play a dominant role in the surface properties obtained, creating loops with end-groups only at the surface will lead to unexpected architectures and hence properties. Here we report the self-assembly of discrete block molecules-structures in-between block copolymers and liquid crystals-featuring oligodimethylsiloxanes (ODMS) end-capped with naphthalenediimides (NDIs) at the 1-phenyloctane/highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (1-PO/HOPG) interface. These structures produce unprecedented vertically nanophase-separated monolayers featuring NDI moieties that regularly arrange on the HOPG surface, while the highly dynamic ODMS segments form loops above them. Such arrangement is preserved upon drying and generates hydrophobic HOPG substrates in which the ODMS block length tunes the hydrophobicity. Thus, the exact structural fidelity of the discrete macromolecules allows for the correlation of nanoscopic organization with macroscopic properties of the self-assembled materials. We present a general strategy for tunable hydrophobic coatings on graphite based on molecularly combining crystalline aromatic moieties and immiscible oligodimethylsiloxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José
Augusto Berrocal
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joan Teyssandier
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olga J. G. M. Goor
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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26
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Kim S, Castillo HD, Lee M, Mortensen RD, Tait SL, Lee D. From Foldable Open Chains to Shape-Persistent Macrocycles: Synthesis, Impact on 2D Ordering, and Stimulated Self-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soobin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Henry D. Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Milim Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Riley D. Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Steven L. Tait
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
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27
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Wang Z, Jingjing Q, Wang X, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Huang X, Huang W. Two-dimensional light-emitting materials: preparation, properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:6128-6174. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00332g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We review the recent development in two-dimensional (2D) light-emitting materials and describe their preparation methods, optical/optoelectronic properties and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Qiu Jingjing
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)
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28
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Aitchison H, Lu H, Ortiz de la Morena R, Cebula I, Zharnikov M, Buck M. Self-assembly of 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoic acid on Ag and Cu at the liquid/solid interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2731-2740. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Big difference: molecules of benzenetribenzoic acid are disordered on Cu but highly organised on Ag, forming a monopodal row structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Aitchison
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews KY16 9ST
- UK
| | - Hao Lu
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | | | - Izabela Cebula
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Strathclyde
- James Weir Building
- Glasgow G1 1XJ
- UK
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Manfred Buck
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews KY16 9ST
- UK
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29
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Judd CJ, Champness NR, Saywell A. An On-Surface Reaction Confined within a Porous Molecular Template. Chemistry 2017; 24:56-61. [PMID: 29065224 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
On-surface reactions based on metal-catalysed Ullmann coupling have been successfully employed to synthesise a wide variety of covalently coupled structures. Substrate chemistry and topology are both known to effect the progression of an on-surface reaction; offering routes to control efficiency and selectivity. Here, we detail ultra-high vacuum scanning probe microscopy experiments showing that templating a catalytically active surface, via a supramolecular template, influences the reaction pathway of an on-surface Ullmann-type coupling reaction by inhibiting one potential intermediate structure and stabilising another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Judd
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Neil R Champness
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Saywell
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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30
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Karamzadeh B, Eaton T, Torres DM, Cebula I, Mayor M, Buck M. Sequential nested assembly at the liquid/solid interface. Faraday Discuss 2017; 204:173-190. [PMID: 28782775 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00115k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Studying the stepwise assembly of a four component hybrid structure on Au(111)/mica, the pores of a hydrogen bonded bimolecular network of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) and 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine (melamine) were partitioned by three and four-armed molecules based on oligo([biphenyl]-4-ylethynyl)benzene, followed by the templated adsorption of either C60 fullerene or adamantane thiol molecules. The characterisation by ambient scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) reveals that the pore modifiers exhibit dynamics which pronouncedly depend on the molecular structure. The three-armed molecule 1,3,5-tris([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-ylethynyl)benzene (3BPEB) switches between two symmetry equivalent configurations on a time scale fast compared to the temporal resolution of the STM. Derivatisation of 3BPEB by hydroxyl groups substantially reduces the switching rate. For the four-armed molecule configurational changes are observed only occasionally. The observation of isolated fullerenes and small clusters of adamantane thiol molecules, which are arranged in a characteristic fashion, reveals the templating effect of the trimolecular supramolecular network. However, the fraction of compartments filled by guest molecules is significantly below one for both the thermodynamically controlled adsorption of C60 and the kinetically controlled adsorption of the thiol with the latter causing partial removal of the pore modifier. The experiments, on the one hand, demonstrate the feasibility of templating by nested assembly but, on the other hand, also pinpoint the requirement for the energy landscape to be tolerant to variations in the assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baharan Karamzadeh
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, UK.
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31
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Amabilino DB, Tait SL. Complex molecular surfaces and interfaces: concluding remarks. Faraday Discuss 2017; 204:487-502. [PMID: 29028066 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd90075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper is derived from our concluding remarks presentation and the ensuing conversations at the Faraday Discussions meeting on Complex Molecular Surfaces and Interfaces, Sheffield, UK, 24th-26th July 2017. This meeting was comprised of sessions on understanding the interaction of molecules with surfaces and their subsequent organisation, reactivity or properties from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. This paper attempts to put these presentations in the wider context and focuses on topics that were debated during the meeting and where we feel that opportunities lie for the future development of this interdisciplinary research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Amabilino
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, UK.
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32
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Laker ZPL, Marsden AJ, De Luca O, Pia AD, Perdigão LMA, Costantini G, Wilson NR. Monolayer-to-thin-film transition in supramolecular assemblies: the role of topological protection. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11959-11968. [PMID: 28792033 PMCID: PMC5778949 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03588h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the transition from a two-dimensional (2D) monolayer to the three-dimensional (3D) molecular structure in the growth of organic layers on surfaces is essential for the production of functional thin films and devices. This has, however, proved to be extremely challenging, starting from the currently limited ability to attain a molecular scale characterization of this transition. Here, through innovative application of low-dose electron diffraction and aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (acTEM), combined with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we reveal the structural changes occurring as film thickness is increased from monolayer to tens of nanometers for supramolecular assembly of two prototypical benzenecarboxylic acids - terephthalic acid (TPA) and trimesic acid (TMA) - on graphene. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding in these molecules is similar and both form well-ordered monolayers on graphene, but their structural transitions with film thickness are very different. While the structure of TPA thin films varies continuously towards the 3D lattice, TMA retains its planar monolayer structure up to a critical thickness, after which a transition to a polycrystalline film occurs. These distinctive structural evolutions can be rationalized in terms of the topological differences in the 3D crystallography of the two molecules. The templated 2D structure of TPA can smoothly map to its 3D structure through continuous molecular tilting within the unit cell, whilst the 3D structure of TMA is topologically distinct from its 2D form, so that only an abrupt transition is possible. The concept of topological protection of the 2D structure gives a new tool for the molecular design of nanostructured films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P L Laker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Alexander J Marsden
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. and National Graphene Institute, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Oreste De Luca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Ada Della Pia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Luís M A Perdigão
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | | | - Neil R Wilson
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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Korolkov VV, Baldoni M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Besley E, Beton PH. Supramolecular heterostructures formed by sequential epitaxial deposition of two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded arrays. Nat Chem 2017; 9:1191-1197. [PMID: 29168478 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular arrays provide a route to the spatial control of the chemical functionality of a surface, but their deposition is in almost all cases limited to a monolayer termination. Here we investigated the sequential deposition of one 2D array on another to form a supramolecular heterostructure and realize the growth-normal to the underlying substrate-of distinct ordered layers, each of which is stabilized by in-plane hydrogen bonding. For heterostructures formed by depositing terephthalic acid or trimesic acid on cyanuric acid/melamine, we have determined, using atomic force microscopy under ambient conditions, a clear epitaxial arrangement despite the intrinsically distinct symmetries and/or lattice constants of each layer. Structures calculated using classical molecular dynamics are in excellent agreement with the orientation, registry and dimensions of the epitaxial layers. Calculations confirm that van der Waals interactions provide the dominant contribution to the adsorption energy and registry of the layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Korolkov
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Matteo Baldoni
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Elena Besley
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter H Beton
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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34
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Soda N, Arotiba OA. A polyamidoamine dendrimer-streptavidin supramolecular architecture for biosensor development. Bioelectrochemistry 2017; 118:14-18. [PMID: 28686995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel polyamidoamine dendrimer-streptavidin supramolecular architecture suitable as a versatile platform for biosensor development is reported. The dendrimer was electrodeposited on a glassy carbon electrode via cyclic voltammetry. The dendrimer electrode was further modified with streptavidin by electrostatic attraction upon drop coating. The platform i.e. the dendrimer-streptavidin modified electrode was electrochemically interrogated in phosphate buffer, ferrocyanide and H2O2. The dendrimer-streptavidin platform was used in the preparation of a simple DNA biosensor as a proof of concept. The supramolecular architecture of dendrimer-streptavidin was stable, electroactive and thus lends itself as a versatile immobilisation layer for any biotinylated bioreceptors in biosensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Soda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - O A Arotiba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
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35
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Li M, Song M, Wu G, Tang Z, Sun Y, He Y, Li J, Li L, Gu H, Liu X, Ma C, Peng Z, Ai Z, Lewis DJ. A Free-Standing and Self-Healable 2D Supramolecular Material Based on Hydrogen Bonding: A Nanowire Array with Sub-2-nm Resolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13. [PMID: 28387470 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201604077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In many 2D materials reported thus far, the forces confining atoms in a 2D plane are often strong interactions, such as covalent bonding. Herein, the first demonstration that hydrogen (H)-bonding can be utilized to assemble polydiacetylene (a conductive polymer) toward a 2D material, which is stable enough to be free-standing, is shown. The 2D material is well characterized by a large number of techniques (mainly different microscopy techniques). The H-bonding allows splitting of the material into ribbons, which can reassemble, similar to a zipper, leading to the first example of a healable 2D material. Moreover, such technology can easily create 2D, organic, conductive nanowire arrays with sub-2-nm resolution. This material may have potential applications in stretchable electronics and nanowire cross-bar arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyao Song
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - Guitai Wu
- Faculty of Physics and Electronic Sciences, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyu Tang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfeng Sun
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunbin He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoshuang Gu
- Faculty of Physics and Electronic Sciences, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Carl-Zeiss-Str. 22, 73447, Oberkochen, Germany
| | - Chuang Ma
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - Zefei Peng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoquan Ai
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - David J Lewis
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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36
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Rauschenbach S, Rinke G, Gutzler R, Abb S, Albarghash A, Le D, Rahman TS, Dürr M, Harnau L, Kern K. Two-Dimensional Folding of Polypeptides into Molecular Nanostructures at Surfaces. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2420-2427. [PMID: 28122181 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the fabrication of molecular nanostructures on surfaces via two-dimensional (2D) folding of the nine amino acid peptide bradykinin. Soft-landing electrospray ion beam deposition in conjunction with high-resolution imaging by scanning tunneling microscopy is used to fabricate and investigate the molecular nanostructures. Subnanometer resolved images evidence the large conformational freedom of the molecules if thermal motion is inhibited and the formation of stable uniform dimers of only one specific conformation when diffusion can take place. Molecular dynamics modeling supported by density functional theory calculations give atomically precise insight into the induced-fit binding scheme when the folded dimer is formed. In the absence of solvent, we find a hierarchy of binding strength from polar to nonpolar, manifested in an inverted polar-nonpolar segregation which suppresses unspecific interactions at the rim of the nanostructure. The demonstrated 2D-folding scheme resembles many key properties of its native 3D counterpart and shows that functional, molecular nanostructures on surfaces fabricated by folding could be just as versatile and specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Rauschenbach
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart DE-70569, Germany
| | - Gordon Rinke
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart DE-70569, Germany
| | - Rico Gutzler
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart DE-70569, Germany
| | - Sabine Abb
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart DE-70569, Germany
| | - Alyazan Albarghash
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart DE-70569, Germany
| | - Duy Le
- University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Talat S Rahman
- University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Michael Dürr
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Applied Physics , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen DE-35392, Germany
| | - Ludger Harnau
- University of Stuttgart , Bernhäuserstr. 75, Leinfelden-Echterdingen DE-70771, Germany
| | - Klaus Kern
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart DE-70569, Germany
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institut de Physique , Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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37
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Kumar A, Banerjee K, Liljeroth P. Molecular assembly on two-dimensional materials. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:082001. [PMID: 28045007 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa564f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly is a well-known technique to create highly functional nanostructures on surfaces. Self-assembly on two-dimensional (2D) materials is a developing field driven by the interest in functionalization of 2D materials in order to tune their electronic properties. This has resulted in the discovery of several rich and interesting phenomena. Here, we review this progress with an emphasis on the electronic properties of the adsorbates and the substrate in well-defined systems, as unveiled by scanning tunneling microscopy. The review covers three aspects of the self-assembly. The first one focuses on non-covalent self-assembly dealing with site-selectivity due to inherent moiré pattern present on 2D materials grown on substrates. We also see that modification of intermolecular interactions and molecule-substrate interactions influences the assembly drastically and that 2D materials can also be used as a platform to carry out covalent and metal-coordinated assembly. The second part deals with the electronic properties of molecules adsorbed on 2D materials. By virtue of being inert and possessing low density of states near the Fermi level, 2D materials decouple molecules electronically from the underlying metal substrate and allow high-resolution spectroscopy and imaging of molecular orbitals. The moiré pattern on the 2D materials causes site-selective gating and charging of molecules in some cases. The last section covers the effects of self-assembled, acceptor and donor type, organic molecules on the electronic properties of graphene as revealed by spectroscopy and electrical transport measurements. Non-covalent functionalization of 2D materials has already been applied for their application as catalysts and sensors. With the current surge of activity on building van der Waals heterostructures from atomically thin crystals, molecular self-assembly has the potential to add an extra level of flexibility and functionality for applications ranging from flexible electronics and OLEDs to novel electronic devices and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Kumar
- Department of Applied Physics Aalto, University School of Science, PO Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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38
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Bouju X, Mattioli C, Franc G, Pujol A, Gourdon A. Bicomponent Supramolecular Architectures at the Vacuum–Solid Interface. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1407-1444. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Bouju
- CEMES-CNRS, 29 Rue J. Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Grégory Franc
- CEMES-CNRS, 29 Rue J. Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Adeline Pujol
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, CEMES, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - André Gourdon
- CEMES-CNRS, 29 Rue J. Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, France
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39
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Mali KS, Pearce N, De Feyter S, Champness NR. Frontiers of supramolecular chemistry at solid surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2520-2542. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00113d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry on solid surfaces represents an exciting field of research that continues to develop in new and unexpected directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal S. Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven
- B3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | | | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven
- B3001 Leuven
- Belgium
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40
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Pfeiffer CR, Pearce N, Champness NR. Complexity of two-dimensional self-assembled arrays at surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11528-11539. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06110b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The developing field of complexity in self-assembled systems on surfaces is discussed.
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41
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Aitchison H, Lu H, Hogan SWL, Früchtl H, Cebula I, Zharnikov M, Buck M. Self-Assembled Monolayers of Oligophenylenecarboxylic Acids on Silver Formed at the Liquid-Solid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:9397-9409. [PMID: 27588836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of para-oligophenylene mono- and dicarboxylic acids (R-(C6H4)nCOOH, n = 1-3, R = H,COOH) was studied. Adsorbed on Au(111)/mica modified by an underpotential deposited bilayer of Ag, the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were analyzed by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy. In all cases SAMs are formed with molecules adopting an upright orientation and anchored to the substrate by a carboxylate. Except benzoic acid, all SAMs could be imaged at molecular resolution, which revealed highly crystalline layers with a dense molecular packing. The structures of the SAMs are described by a rectangular (5 × √3) unit cell for the prevailing phase of the monocarboxylic acids and an oblique ([Formula: see text]) unit cell for the dicarboxylic acids, thus evidencing a pronounced influence of the second COOH moiety on the SAM structure. Density functional theory calculations suggest that hydrogen bonding between the SAM-terminating COOH moieties accounts for the difference. Contrasting other classes of SAMs, the systems studied here are determined by intermolecular interactions whereas molecule-substrate interactions play a secondary role. Thus, eliminating problems arising from the mismatch between the molecular and the substrate lattices, coordinatively bonded carboxylic acids on silver should provide considerable flexibility in the design of SAM structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Aitchison
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews , North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Hao Lu
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon W L Hogan
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews , North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Herbert Früchtl
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews , North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Izabela Cebula
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews , North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Buck
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews , North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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42
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Jenkins MD, Zueco D, Roubeau O, Aromí G, Majer J, Luis F. A scalable architecture for quantum computation with molecular nanomagnets. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:16682-16693. [PMID: 27711709 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02664h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A proposal for a magnetic quantum processor that consists of individual molecular spins coupled to superconducting coplanar resonators and transmission lines is carefully examined. We derive a simple magnetic quantum electrodynamics Hamiltonian to describe the underlying physics. It is shown that these hybrid devices can perform arbitrary operations on each spin qubit and induce tunable interactions between any pair of them. The combination of these two operations ensures that the processor can perform universal quantum computations. The feasibility of this proposal is critically discussed using the results of realistic calculations, based on parameters of existing devices and molecular qubits. These results show that the proposal is feasible, provided that molecules with sufficiently long coherence times can be developed and accurately integrated into specific areas of the device. This architecture has an enormous potential for scaling up quantum computation thanks to the microscopic nature of the individual constituents, the molecules, and the possibility of using their internal spin degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Jenkins
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
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43
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Rochford LA, Jones TS, Nielsen CB. Epitaxial Templating of C60 with a Molecular Monolayer. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3487-3490. [PMID: 27540868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Commensurate epitaxial monolayers of truxenone on Cu (111) were employed to template the growth of monolayer and bilayer C60. Through the combination of STM imaging and LEED analysis we have demonstrated that C60 forms a commensurate 8 × 8 overlayer on truxenone/Cu (111). Bilayers of C60 retain the 8 × 8 periodicity of templated monolayers and although Kagome lattice arrangements are observed these are explained with combinations of 8 × 8 symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Rochford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T S Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - C B Nielsen
- Materials Research Institute and School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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44
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Schön JC, Oligschleger C, Cortes J. Prediction and clarification of structures of (bio)molecules on surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2015-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The design of future materials for biotechnological applications via deposition of molecules on surfaces will require not only exquisite control of the deposition procedure, but of equal importance will be our ability to predict the shapes and stability of individual molecules on various surfaces. Furthermore, one will need to be able to predict the structure patterns generated during the self-organization of whole layers of (bio)molecules on the surface. In this review, we present an overview over the current state of the art regarding the prediction and clarification of structures of biomolecules on surfaces using theoretical and computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Christian Schön
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research , Heisenbergstr. 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christina Oligschleger
- University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg , Von-Liebigstr. 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany
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45
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Shen M, Luo Z, Geng Y, Hu W, Zhang S, Lai Y, Liu B, Duan W, Zhao D, Deng K, Zeng Q. STM analysis of surface-adsorbed conjugated oligo(p-phenylene-ethynylene) (OPE) nanostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:31725-31731. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06030g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of conjugated oligomers with different backbone lengths and side chains displayed various self-assembled structures on HOPG surface.
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Du P, Kreher D, Mathevet F, Maldivi P, Charra F, Attias AJ. Surface-Confined Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Molecular Nanocranes for Chemically Lifting and Positioning C60 above a Conducting Substrate. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3774-8. [PMID: 26488211 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
2D supramolecular self-assembly is a good way to form well-defined nanostructures on various substrates. One of the current challenges is to extend this approach to 3D functional building blocks. Here, we address this issue by providing a strategy for the controlled lifting and positioning of functional units above a graphitic substrate. This is the first time that multistory cyclophane-based 3D tectons incorporating C60 units have been designed and synthesized. Molecular modelling provides a description of the 3D geometries and evidences the flexible character of the building blocks. Despite this later feature, the supramolecular self-assembly of Janus tectons on HOPG yields well-ordered adlayers incorporating C60 arrays at well-defined mean distances from the surface. As our approach is not limited to C60 , the results reported here open-up possibilities for applications where the topological and electronic interactions between the substrate and the functional unit are of prime importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Du
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.,Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT), Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - David Kreher
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Mathevet
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Maldivi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INAC-SCIB, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrice Charra
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (SPEC), UMR CEA-CNRS 3680, IRAMIS, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - André-Jean Attias
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
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Stepanenko V, Kandanelli R, Uemura S, Würthner F, Fernández G. Concentration-dependent rhombitrihexagonal tiling patterns at the liquid/solid interface. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5853-5858. [PMID: 28791089 PMCID: PMC5523081 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00811e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report STM investigations on a linear oligophenyleneethylene (OPE)-based self-assembling Pd(ii) complex 1 that forms highly-ordered concentration dependent patterns on HOPG. At high concentration, 2D lamellar structures are observed whereas the dilution of the system below a critical concentration leads to the formation of visually attractive rhombitrihexagonal Archimedean tiling arrangements featuring three different kinds of polygons: triangles, hexagons and rhombi. The key participation of the Cl ligands attached to the Pd(ii) centre in multiple C-H···Cl interactions was demonstrated by comparing the patterns of 1 with those of an analogous non-metallic system 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ;
| | - Ramesh Kandanelli
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ;
| | - Shinobu Uemura
- Department of Advanced Materials Science , Kagawa Universtity , 2217-20, Hayashi-cho , Takamatsu , Kagawa 761-0396 , Japan
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ;
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ;
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48
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Jarvis SP. Resolving Intra- and Inter-Molecular Structure with Non-Contact Atomic Force Microscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19936-59. [PMID: 26307976 PMCID: PMC4581333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in molecular investigations at surfaces has been to image individual molecules, and the assemblies they form, with single-bond resolution. Scanning probe microscopy, with its exceptionally high resolution, is ideally suited to this goal. With the introduction of methods exploiting molecularly-terminated tips, where the apex of the probe is, for example, terminated with a single CO, Xe or H2 molecule, scanning probe methods can now achieve higher resolution than ever before. In this review, some of the landmark results related to attaining intramolecular resolution with non-contact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) are summarised before focussing on recent reports probing molecular assemblies where apparent intermolecular features have been observed. Several groups have now highlighted the critical role that flexure in the tip-sample junction plays in producing the exceptionally sharp images of both intra- and apparent inter-molecular structure. In the latter case, the features have been identified as imaging artefacts, rather than real intermolecular bonds. This review discusses the potential for NC-AFM to provide exceptional resolution of supramolecular assemblies stabilised via a variety of intermolecular forces and highlights the potential challenges and pitfalls involved in interpreting bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Paul Jarvis
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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Frath D, Sakano T, Imaizumi Y, Yokoyama S, Hirose T, Matsuda K. Diarylethene Self-Assembled Monolayers: Cocrystallization and Mixing-Induced Cooperativity Highlighted by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy at the Liquid/Solid Interface. Chemistry 2015; 21:11350-8. [PMID: 26119457 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Stimulus control over 2D multicomponent molecular ordering on surfaces is a key technique for realizing advanced materials with stimuli-responsive surface properties. The formation of 2D molecular ordering along with photoisomerization was monitored by scanning tunneling microscopy at the octanoic acid/highly oriented pyrolytic graphite interface for a synthesized amide-containing diarylethene, which underwent photoisomerization between the open- and closed-ring isomers and also a side-reaction to give the annulated isomer. The nucleation (Kn) and elongation (Ke) equilibrium constants were determined by analysis of the concentration dependence of the surface coverage by using a cooperative model at the liquid/solid interface. It was found that the annulated isomer has a very large equilibrium constant, which explains the predominantly observed ordering of the annulated isomer. It was also found that the presence of the closed-ring isomer induces cooperativity into the formation of molecular ordering composed of the open-ring isomer. A quantitative analysis of the formation of ordering by using the cooperative model has provided a new view of the formation of 2D multicomponent molecular ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Frath
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan)
| | - Takeshi Sakano
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan)
| | - Yohei Imaizumi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan)
| | - Soichi Yokoyama
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan)
| | - Takashi Hirose
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan)
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan).
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Korolkov VV, Svatek SA, Allen S, Roberts CJ, Tendler SJB, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Champness NR, Beton PH. Bimolecular porous supramolecular networks deposited from solution on layered materials: graphite, boron nitride and molybdenum disulphide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:8882-5. [PMID: 24969532 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03720k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A two-dimensional porous network formed from perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) and melamine may be deposited from solution on the surfaces of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and molybdenum disulphide (MoS2). Images acquired using high resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) operating under ambient conditions have revealed that the network forms extended ordered monolayers (>1 μm(2)) on HOPG and hBN whereas on MoS2 much smaller islands are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Korolkov
- School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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