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Microfluidic and Microscale Assays to Examine Regenerative Strategies in the Neuro Retina. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11121089. [PMID: 33316971 PMCID: PMC7763644 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineering systems have transformed scientific knowledge of cellular behaviors in the nervous system (NS) and pioneered innovative, regenerative therapies to treat adult neural disorders. Microscale systems with characteristic lengths of single to hundreds of microns have examined the development and specialized behaviors of numerous neuromuscular and neurosensory components of the NS. The visual system is comprised of the eye sensory organ and its connecting pathways to the visual cortex. Significant vision loss arises from dysfunction in the retina, the photosensitive tissue at the eye posterior that achieves phototransduction of light to form images in the brain. Retinal regenerative medicine has embraced microfluidic technologies to manipulate stem-like cells for transplantation therapies, where de/differentiated cells are introduced within adult tissue to replace dysfunctional or damaged neurons. Microfluidic systems coupled with stem cell biology and biomaterials have produced exciting advances to restore vision. The current article reviews contemporary microfluidic technologies and microfluidics-enhanced bioassays, developed to interrogate cellular responses to adult retinal cues. The focus is on applications of microfluidics and microscale assays within mammalian sensory retina, or neuro retina, comprised of five types of retinal neurons (photoreceptors, horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, retinal ganglion) and one neuroglia (Müller), but excludes the non-sensory, retinal pigmented epithelium.
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2
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Palamà IE, D'Amone S, Ratano P, Donatelli A, Liscio A, Antonacci G, Testini M, Di Angelantonio S, Ragozzino D, Cortese B. Mechanical Durotactic Environment Enhances Specific Glioblastoma Cell Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E643. [PMID: 31075964 PMCID: PMC6562761 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A hallmark of glioblastoma is represented by their ability to widely disperse throughout the brain parenchyma. The importance of developing new anti-migratory targets is critical to reduce recurrence and improve therapeutic efficacy. Methods: Polydimethylsiloxane substrates, either mechanically uniform or presenting durotactic cues, were fabricated to assess GBM cell morphological and dynamical response with and without pharmacological inhibition of NNMII contractility, of its upstream regulator ROCK and actin polymerization. Results: Glioma cells mechanotactic efficiency varied depending on the rigidity compliance of substrates. Morphologically, glioma cells on highly rigid and soft bulk substrates displayed bigger and elongated aggregates whereas on durotactic substrates the same cells were homogeneously dispersed with a less elongated morphology. The durotactic cues also induced a motility change, cell phenotype dependent, and with cells being more invasive on stiffer substrates. Pharmacological inhibition of myosin or ROCK revealed a rigidity-insensitivity, unlike inhibition of microfilament contraction and polymerization of F-actin, suggesting that alternative signalling is used to respond to durotactic cues. Conclusions: The presence of a distinct mechanical cue is an important factor in cell migration. Together, our results provide support for a durotactic role of glioma cells that acts through actomyosin contractility to regulate the aggressive properties of GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefania D'Amone
- National Research Council-Nanotechnology Institute, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Ratano
- National Research Council-Nanotechnology Institute, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Amato Donatelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Liscio
- National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Antonacci
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Silvia Di Angelantonio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Davide Ragozzino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Barbara Cortese
- National Research Council-Nanotechnology Institute, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Palamà IE, Arcadio V, D'Amone S, Biasiucci M, Gigli G, Cortese B. Therapeutic PCL scaffold for reparation of resected osteosarcoma defect. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12672. [PMID: 28978922 PMCID: PMC5627265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcomas are highly malignant tumors, which develop rapid growth and local infiltration, inducing metastases that spread primarily in the lung. Treatment of these tumors is mainly based on pre- and post-operative chemotherapy and surgery of the primary tumor. Surgical resection though, generates bone defects. Reparation of these weaknesses presents formidable challenges to orthopedic surgery. Medicine regenerative grafts that act as both tumor therapy with constant local drug delivery and tissue regeneration may provide a new prospect to address this need. These implants can provide sustained drug release at the cancer area, decreasing systemic second effects such as inflammation, and a filling of the resected tissues with regenerative biomaterials. In this study microporous poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds have been developed for sustained local release of anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone (DXM), used as drug model, in cancer medicine regenerative field. The microporous PCL matrix of the scaffolds supported the attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast-like cells, while the polyelectrolyte multilayers, anchored to the inner pore surfaces, sustained locally DXM release. These microporous scaffolds demonstrate the ability to deliver DXM as a localized tumor therapy and to promote proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast-like cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria E Palamà
- Nanotechnology Institute, CNR-NANOTEC, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy.
| | - Valentina Arcadio
- Nanotechnology Institute, CNR-NANOTEC, University La Sapienza, P.zle A. Moro, Roma, 00185, Italy
| | - Stefania D'Amone
- Nanotechnology Institute, CNR-NANOTEC, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Mariano Biasiucci
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia,Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Nanotechnology Institute, CNR-NANOTEC, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Department Matematica e Fisica 'Ennio De Giorgi', University of Salento, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Barbara Cortese
- Nanotechnology Institute, CNR-NANOTEC, University La Sapienza, P.zle A. Moro, Roma, 00185, Italy.
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4
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Biggs MJP, Fernandez M, Thomas D, Cooper R, Palma M, Liao J, Fazio T, Dahlberg C, Wheadon H, Pallipurath A, Pandit A, Kysar J, Wind SJ. The Functional Response of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Electron-Beam Patterned Elastomeric Surfaces Presenting Micrometer to Nanoscale Heterogeneous Rigidity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:10.1002/adma.201702119. [PMID: 28861921 PMCID: PMC7391933 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201702119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cells directly probe and respond to the physicomechanical properties of their extracellular environment, a dynamic process which has been shown to play a key role in regulating both cellular adhesive processes and differential cellular function. Recent studies indicate that stem cells show lineage-specific differentiation when cultured on substrates approximating the stiffness profiles of specific tissues. Although tissues are associated with a range of Young's modulus values for bulk rigidity, at the subcellular level, tissues are comprised of heterogeneous distributions of rigidity. Lithographic processes have been widely explored in cell biology for the generation of analytical substrates to probe cellular physicomechanical responses. In this work, it is shown for the first time that that direct-write e-beam exposure can significantly alter the rigidity of elastomeric poly(dimethylsiloxane) substrates and a new class of 2D elastomeric substrates with controlled patterned rigidity ranging from the micrometer to the nanoscale is described. The mechanoresponse of human mesenchymal stem cells to e-beam patterned substrates was subsequently probed in vitro and significant modulation of focal adhesion formation and osteochondral lineage commitment was observed as a function of both feature diameter and rigidity, establishing the groundwork for a new generation of biomimetic material interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manus J. P. Biggs
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biosciences Research Building, Newcastle Road, Dangan, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Marc Fernandez
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biosciences Research Building, Newcastle Road, Dangan, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dilip Thomas
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biosciences Research Building, Newcastle Road, Dangan, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ryan Cooper
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120 St., New York, NY, USA 10027
| | - Matteo Palma
- The School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jinyu Liao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th St. New York, NY, USA 10027
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, 500 West 120 St., New York, NY, USA 10027
| | - Teresa Fazio
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, 500 West 120 St., New York, NY, USA 10027
| | - Carl Dahlberg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120 St., New York, NY, USA 10027
| | - Helen Wheadon
- Leukaemia Research Centre, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow G11 0YN, UK
| | | | - Abhay Pandit
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biosciences Research Building, Newcastle Road, Dangan, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jeffrey Kysar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120 St., New York, NY, USA 10027
| | - Shalom J. Wind
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, 500 West 120 St., New York, NY, USA 10027
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Palamà IE, D'Amone S, Arcadio V, Biasiucci M, Mezzi A, Cortese B. Cell mechanotactic and cytotoxic response to zinc oxide nanorods depends on substrate stiffness. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1699-1710. [PMID: 30090469 PMCID: PMC6061493 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00274a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-nanomaterials offer promise in the field of tissue engineering. Specifically, environmental cues such as the material chemistry, topography and rigidity of the surface to which cells adhere to, can alter and dictate cell shape, proliferation, migration, and gene expression. How deeply each factor (topographical, chemical and mechanical) drives cell response remains incompletely understood. To illustrate cell sensitivities to different factors, we herein present ZnO nanorods (ZnO-Nrds) coated on glass and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates and analyzed cell viability and proliferation. The work presented here shows a clear response of various cell lines (mouse embryonic fibroblasts 3T3, human cervix carcinoma HeLa and human osteoblast-like cells MG63) to the rigidity of the underlying surface. The chemical counterpart, given by the presence of ZnO-Nrds, strongly reduced the cell viability of all cell lines. However, the substrate underlying the ZnO coating impacted cell spreading and viability. The substrates exhibited a better ability to neglect cell attachment and proliferation with the ZnO coating and pro-apoptoticity specifically with the PDMS as the underlying substrate which exhibited a "softer" environment with respect to a glass substrate. The results also revealed that the few cells that adhered to the ZnO-Nrds on PDMS and glass showed a rounded morphology. On the basis of these observations, we can correlate common features of phenomenological cell response to chemotactic and durotactic cues. The work presented herein reinforces the response of cells to changes in substrate rigidity. These observations provide a foundation for a potentially promising approach to decrease cell adhesion and thus as an optimal substrate for different applications such as prosthesis design, tissue engineering, anti-bio fouling materials and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Palamà
- Nanotechnology Institute , CNR-NANOTEC , via Arnesano , Lecce , 73100 , Italy
| | - S D'Amone
- Nanotechnology Institute , CNR-NANOTEC , via Arnesano , Lecce , 73100 , Italy
| | - V Arcadio
- Nanotechnology Institute , CNR-NANOTEC , University La Sapienza , P.zle Aldo Moro 2 , 00185 , Roma , Italy .
| | - M Biasiucci
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Viale Regina Elena 291 , 00185 , Roma , Italy
| | - A Mezzi
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials , ISMN-CNR , 00016 Monterotondo Stazione , Roma , Italy
| | - B Cortese
- Nanotechnology Institute , CNR-NANOTEC , University La Sapienza , P.zle Aldo Moro 2 , 00185 , Roma , Italy .
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Lach S, Yoon SM, Grzybowski BA. Tactic, reactive, and functional droplets outside of equilibrium. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4766-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00242k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Droplets subject to non-equilibrium conditions can exhibit a range of biomimetic and “intelligent” behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Lach
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, and Department of Chemistry
- UNIST
- Ulsan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Min Yoon
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, and Department of Chemistry
- UNIST
- Ulsan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Bartosz A. Grzybowski
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, and Department of Chemistry
- UNIST
- Ulsan
- Republic of Korea
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7
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Structural and mechanical properties of advanced polymer gels with rigid side-chains using coarse-grained molecular dynamics. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Battiston KG, Cheung JWC, Jain D, Santerre JP. Biomaterials in co-culture systems: towards optimizing tissue integration and cell signaling within scaffolds. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4465-76. [PMID: 24602569 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most natural tissues consist of multi-cellular systems made up of two or more cell types. However, some of these tissues may not regenerate themselves following tissue injury or disease without some form of intervention, such as from the use of tissue engineered constructs. Recent studies have increasingly used co-cultures in tissue engineering applications as these systems better model the natural tissues, both physically and biologically. This review aims to identify the challenges of using co-culture systems and to highlight different approaches with respect to the use of biomaterials in the use of such systems. The application of co-culture systems to stimulate a desired biological response and examples of studies within particular tissue engineering disciplines are summarized. A description of different analytical co-culture systems is also discussed and the role of biomaterials in the future of co-culture research are elaborated on. Understanding the complex cell-cell and cell-biomaterial interactions involved in co-culture systems will ultimately lead the field towards biomaterial concepts and designs with specific biochemical, electrical, and mechanical characteristics that are tailored towards the needs of distinct co-culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle G Battiston
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Room 461, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1G6
| | - Jane W C Cheung
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Room 461, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1G6
| | - Devika Jain
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Room 461, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1G6
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Room 461, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1G6; Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Room 464D, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1G6.
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9
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Cortese B, Palamà IE, D'Amone S, Gigli G. Influence of electrotaxis on cell behaviour. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:817-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00142g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of cell migration and interaction with the microenvironment is not only of critical significance to the function and biology of cells, but also has extreme relevance and impact on physiological processes and diseases such as morphogenesis, wound healing, neuron guidance, and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Cortese
- NNL
- Institute of Nanoscience CNR
- 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Physics
- University Sapienza
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Gigli
- NNL
- Institute of Nanoscience CNR
- 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
- University of Salento
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10
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Sliozberg YR, Chantawansri TL. Computational study of imperfect networks using a coarse-grained model. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:194904. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4832140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Yao X, Peng R, Ding J. Cell-material interactions revealed via material techniques of surface patterning. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:5257-5286. [PMID: 24038153 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell-material interactions constitute a key fundamental topic in biomaterials study. Various cell cues and matrix cues as well as soluble factors regulate cell behaviors on materials. These factors are coupled with each other as usual, and thus it is very difficult to unambiguously elucidate the role of each regulator. The recently developed material techniques of surface patterning afford unique ways to reveal the underlying science. This paper reviews the pertinent material techniques to fabricate patterns of microscale and nanoscale resolutions, and corresponding cell studies. Some issues are emphasized, such as cell localization on patterned surfaces of chemical contrast, and effects of cell shape, cell size, cell-cell contact, and seeding density on differentiation of stem cells. Material cues to regulate cell adhesion, cell differentiation and other cell events are further summed up. Effects of some physical properties, such as surface topography and matrix stiffness, on cell behaviors are also discussed; nanoscaled features of substrate surfaces to regulate cell fate are summarized as well. The pertinent work sheds new insight into the cell-material interactions, and is stimulating for biomaterial design in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and high-throughput detection, diagnosis, and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
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12
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Effect of polymer solvent on the mechanical properties of entangled polymer gels: Coarse-grained molecular simulation. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Ma H, Xu H, Qin J. Biomimetic tumor microenvironment on a microfluidic platform. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:11501. [PMID: 24396521 PMCID: PMC3556015 DOI: 10.1063/1.4774070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment is a highly complex system consisting of non-cancerous cells, soluble factors, signaling molecules, extracellular matrix, and mechanical cues, which provides tumor cells with integrated biochemical and biophysical cues. It has been recognized as a significant regulator in cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance, which is becoming a crucial component of cancer biology. Modeling microenvironmental conditions of such complexity in vitro are particularly difficult and technically challenging. Significant advances in microfluidic technologies have offered an unprecedented opportunity to closely mimic the physiological microenvironment that is normally encountered by cancer cells in vivo. This review highlights the recent advances of microfluidic platform in recapitulating many aspects of tumor microenvironment from biochemical and biophysical regulations. The major events relevant in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and spread of cancer cells dependent on specific combinations of cell types and soluble factors present in microenvironmental niche are summarized. The questions and challenges that lie ahead if this field is expected to transform the future cancer research are addressed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huipeng Ma
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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14
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Palamà IE, Coluccia AML, Gigli G, Riehle M. Modulation of alignment and differentiation of skeletal myoblasts by biomimetic materials. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:1299-309. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20133j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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