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Nawaz M, Radwan AB, Kalambate PK, Laiwattanapaisal W, Ubaid F, Akbar HM, Shakoor RA, Kahraman R. Synergistic Behavior of Polyethyleneimine and Epoxy Monomers Loaded in Mesoporous Silica as a Corrosion-Resistant Self-Healing Epoxy Coating. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:31700-31712. [PMID: 36120048 PMCID: PMC9476192 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Corrosion is a significant problem and is, to a large extent, responsible for the degradation of metallic parts. In this direction, mesoporous silica particles (MSPs) were synthesized by a sol-gel technique and had an average pore diameter of ∼6.82 nm. The MSPs were loaded with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and epoxy monomers and, after that, carefully mixed into the epoxy matrix to formulate new modified polymeric coatings. The microstructural, compositional, structural, and thermal properties were investigated using various characterizing tools [Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy]. TGA confirms the loading of mesoporous silica with a corrosion inhibitor, and its estimated loading amount is ∼8%. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy properties of the reference and modified coated samples confirm the promising anti-corrosive performance of the synthesized polymeric smart coatings. Localized electrochemical tests (scanning vibrating electrode technique and scanning ion-selective electrode technique) evidence the corrosion inhibition ability of the coating, and its self-healing was also observed during 24 h of immersion. The decent anti-corrosion performance of the modified coatings can be credited to the efficient synergistic effect of the PEI and epoxy monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muddasir Nawaz
- Center
of Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - A. Bahgat Radwan
- Center
of Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Pramod K. Kalambate
- Department
of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wanida Laiwattanapaisal
- Department
of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Fareeha Ubaid
- Center
of Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Himyan M. Akbar
- Center
of Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - R. A. Shakoor
- Center
of Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Ramazan Kahraman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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2
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Tangthana-umrung K, Zhang X, Gresil M. Synergistic toughening on hybrid epoxy nanocomposites by introducing engineering thermoplastic and carbon-based nanomaterials. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Hu H, Shu R, Meng L, Yu T, Wang C, Chen D, Shen Y. Tribological and thermal characteristics of epoxy-based composites by incorporating polyaryletherketone. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083211069039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current research work focuses on the tribological and thermal properties of epoxy resin matrix composites, which were modified by polyaryletherketone (PAEK-C). The results of the infrared spectra and morphologies of fracture surfaces experiments corroborate the successful synthesis of the materials. From the tribological experiments, it can be known that when the mass fraction of PAEK-C was 10 phr., the corresponding composite exhibited the outstanding wear performances, which could be ascribed to the higher H/E ratio. Based on the results of tribological experiments, it could be obtained that the main wear mechanism is governed by combination of the plastic deformation, creation of vertical cracks in the sliding track, separation of debris, and material waves due to adhesions. In addition, the glass transition temperatures ( Tg) and heat-resistance index ( THRI) of the PAEK-C/epoxy resin higher than those of pure epoxy resin matrix, respectively. Furthermore, when the mass fraction of PAEK-C increased, the heat resistance index ( THRI) of the corresponding composite is 196.3°C, which is higher than that of neat epoxy resin (180.9°C). Also, according to the results of thermogravimetric analysis experiments, it could conclude that the activation energy of the curing process is situated in the range of 150–160 kJ mol−1 depending on the mass fraction of epoxy resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Hu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Mine Intelligent Equipment and Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Rui Shu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Mine Intelligent Equipment and Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Limin Meng
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Mine Intelligent Equipment and Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Tiansheng Yu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Mine Intelligent Equipment and Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Chengjun Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Mine Intelligent Equipment and Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Dingming Chen
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Mine Intelligent Equipment and Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Yuzhe Shen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Mine Intelligent Equipment and Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
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4
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Chen F, Liu X, Liu H, Li S, Li S, Sun T, Zhao Y, Wang K. Improved interfacial performance of carbon fiber/polyetherimide composites by polyetherimide and modified graphene oxide complex emulsion type sizing agent. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083211053742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the field of interfacial enhancement of composite, sizing method has attracted extensive attention. In this research, a new complex emulsion type sizing agent containing polyetherimide (PEI) and covalently chemical functionalized graphene oxide (GO) was first proposed to further improve the interfacial adhesion of carbon fiber (CF)/PEI composites, adapt to the high processing temperature, and overcome the shortcomings of the solution type sizing agent. The emulsion was prepared by the emulsion/solvent evaporation method. In order to avoid the agglomeration of nanomaterials on CF surface, the monomer and polymer structure of PEI was used to functionalize GO, so as to achieve better compatibility and dispersion of GO in PEI. The physicochemical state of CF surface was characterized and the successful introduction of GO was verified. The microbond test revealed that the introduction of GO further improved the IFSS compared with only PEI sizing. When GO grafted with PEI was used as the main component of the sizing agent, the IFSS reached the largest with an increasement of 55.96%. The mechanism of interfacial reinforcement was proposed. Increased ability of mechanical interlocking, the mutual solubility between PEI molecular chains, and the improvement in wettability may be beneficial to the interfacial strength. This mild and effective modification method provided theoretical guidance for the interfacial enhancement of composites and was expected to be applied in industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Hansong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Shile Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianpei Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Material Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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Synergy between Phenoxy and CSR Tougheners on the Fracture Toughness of Highly Cross-Linked Epoxy-Based Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152477. [PMID: 34372080 PMCID: PMC8348717 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A remarkable synergistic increase in fracture toughness by 130% is demonstrated for a CFRP high performance epoxy composite when adding an equal weight combination of phenoxy thermoplastic and core-shell rubber (CSR) toughening agents, as compared to a single toughener at a comparable total concentration of around 10 wt%. The dual-toughened matrix exhibits an unusual morphological arrangement of the two toughener agents. The interlaminar shear strength of the composites is also synergistically improved by about 75% as compared to the reference while the compression modulus reduction and viscosity increase are significantly smaller than for the single phenoxy toughened system. A partial filtering of the CSR particles by the dense CF fabric during pre-pregging leads to a less than optimum CSR dispersion in the composites, showing that the synergy can be further optimized, possibly to the same level as the unreinforced systems.
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6
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Zhen X, Li W, Wu J, Jin X, Wu J, Chen K, Gan W. Effect of tertiary polysiloxane on the phase separation and properties of epoxy/
PEI
blend. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Zhen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai China
| | - Weizhen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai China
| | - Jiaming Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai China
| | - Xulong Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai China
| | - Jiating Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai China
| | - Kaimin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai China
| | - Wenjun Gan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai China
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7
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Wu JT, Li WZ, Wang SL, Gan WJ. Phase separation of ternary epoxy/PEI blends with higher molecular weight of tertiary component polysiloxane. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37830-37841. [PMID: 35498113 PMCID: PMC9044016 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05979c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A tertiary component with higher molecular weight of epoxy terminated polysiloxane (DMS-E11) was incorporated into the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA)/thermoplastic polyetherimide (PEI) blends. In this ternary DGEBA/PEI/DMS-E11 system, 25 or 30 wt% PEI and no more than 20 wt% DMS-E11 were used to ensure the formation of a continuous PEI-rich phase via reaction induced phase separation for optimum mechanical properties of blends. The results of morphology monitoring by OM and TRLS indicated that the addition of DMS-E11 could accelerate phase separation of DGEBA/PEI. Obvious differences were observed by SEM/EDS in the final morphologies of the blends. DMS-E11 localized in the PEI-rich phase continuously while it separated with DGEBA into spherical particles in the DGEBA-rich phase. DMA measurements found that the storage modulus and Tg decreased with DMS-E11 content but were compensated partly by the presence of PEI. The results of tensile tests confirmed the synergistic strengthening for epoxy resin from PEI and DMS-E11. Effect of higher molecular weight epoxy-terminated polysiloxane DMS-E11 on morphologies and properties of DGEBA/PEI blends.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-ting Wu
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-zhen Li
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-long Wang
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-jun Gan
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
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8
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Farooq U, Teuwen J, Dransfeld C. Toughening of Epoxy Systems with Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN): A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12091908. [PMID: 32847125 PMCID: PMC7564612 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resins are widely used for different commercial applications, particularly in the aerospace industry as matrix carbon fibre reinforced polymers composite. This is due to their excellent properties, i.e., ease of processing, low cost, superior mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. However, a pure epoxy system possesses some inherent shortcomings, such as brittleness and low elongation after cure, limiting performance of the composite. Several approaches to toughen epoxy systems have been explored, of which formation of the interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) has gained increasing attention. This methodology usually results in better mechanical properties (e.g., fracture toughness) of the modified epoxy system. Ideally, IPNs result in a synergistic combination of desirable properties of two different polymers, i.e., improved toughness comes from the toughener while thermosets are responsible for high service temperature. Three main parameters influence the mechanical response of IPN toughened systems: (i) the chemical structure of the constituents, (ii) the toughener content and finally and (iii) the type and scale of the resulting morphology. Various synthesis routes exist for the creation of IPN giving different means of control of the IPN structure and also offering different processing routes for making composites. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art on toughening of epoxy matrix system through formation of IPN structure, either by using thermoplastics or thermosets. Moreover, the potential of IPN based epoxy systems is explored for the formation of composites particularly for aerospace applications.
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9
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Surendran A, Joy J, Parameswaranpillai J, Anas S, Thomas S. An overview of viscoelastic phase separation in epoxy based blends. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:3363-3377. [PMID: 32215406 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02361e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The viscoelastic effects during reaction induced phase separation play an important role in toughening epoxy-based blends. The large difference in molecular weight/glass transition temperature between the blend components before the curing reaction results in dynamic asymmetry, causing viscoelastic effects during phase separation accompanying the curing reaction. This review will focus on the key factors responsible for viscoelastic phase separation in epoxy-based blends and hybrid nanocomposites. Time-resolved characterization techniques such as rheometry, small angle laser light scattering, optical microscopy etc., are mainly used for monitoring the viscoelastic effects during phase separation. Incorporation of nanofillers in epoxy thermoplastic blends enhances the viscoelastic phase separation due to the increase in dynamic asymmetry. Different theoretical models are identified for the determination of processing parameters such as temperature, viscosity, phase domain size, and other parameters during the viscoelastic phase separation process. The effect of viscoelastic phase separation has a very strong influence on the domain parameters of the blends and thereby on the ultimate properties and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Surendran
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India.
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10
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Zhang Y, Ling Q, Lu X, Fang Q, Sun F. Rheology, morphological evolution, thermal, and mechanical properties of epoxy modified with polysulfone and cellulose nanofibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Engineering, and Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High‐efficiency UtilizationZhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300 China
| | - Qiuhui Ling
- School of Engineering, and Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High‐efficiency UtilizationZhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300 China
| | - Xueting Lu
- School of Engineering, and Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High‐efficiency UtilizationZhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300 China
| | - Qun Fang
- School of Engineering, and Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High‐efficiency UtilizationZhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300 China
| | - Fangli Sun
- School of Engineering, and Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High‐efficiency UtilizationZhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300 China
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11
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Chisty AH, Mallik AK, Robel FN, Shahruzzaman M, Haque P, Hossain KS, Khan RA, Rahman MM. Enhanced Epoxy/GO Composites Mechanical and Thermal Properties by Removing Air Bubbles with Shear Mixing and Ultrasonication. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adib H. Chisty
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Abul K. Mallik
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Fataha N. Robel
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNoakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur Noakhali- 3814 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shahruzzaman
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Papia Haque
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Khandker S. Hossain
- Department of Physics, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Ruhul A. Khan
- Institute of Radiation and Polymer TechnologyBangladesh Atomic Energy Commission Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh
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12
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Ma H, Aravand MA, Falzon BG. Phase morphology and mechanical properties of polyetherimide modified epoxy resins: A comparative study. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Wang X, Li W, Zhang Z, Chen K, Gan W. Selective localization of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes in epoxy/polyetherimide system and properties of the conductive composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Weizhen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Kaimin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Wenjun Gan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620 China
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14
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Wang F, Drzal LT. Development of Stiff, Tough and Conductive Composites by the Addition of Graphene Nanoplatelets to Polyethersulfone/Epoxy Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E2137. [PMID: 30380744 PMCID: PMC6265711 DOI: 10.3390/ma11112137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, polyethersulfone (PES) was blended into epoxy resins to improve the fracture toughness of the epoxy resin without loss of mechanical properties, and then two grades of pristine graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) were separately introduced into the PES/epoxy system to fabricate thermally conductive GnPs/PES/epoxy composites with high toughness as well as high stiffness. It was observed that the addition of GnPs obviously affected the final phase morphology by suppressing the phase separation process of the PES modified epoxy due to the increased viscosity and cure-reaction rate of PES/epoxy. The GnPs with a larger lateral dimension revealed a greater reinforcing effect, and the inclusion of 3 wt % GnPs (~5 μm in diameter) endowed the PES/epoxy matrix with a good thermal conductivity and improved the tensile, flexural, and storage modulus by 27.1%, 17.5%, and 15.6% (at 30 °С), respectively. Meanwhile, the fracture toughness was further enhanced by about 29.5% relative to the PES modified epoxy at the same GnPs concentration. The positive results suggest that the modification of epoxy resins using the PES and GnPs is an attractive approach for fabricating tougher and stiffer epoxy-based nanocomposites with multifunctional properties, which could widen the industrial applications of the epoxy resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhong Wang
- Advanced Materials Institute, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Lawrence T Drzal
- Composite Materials and Structures Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226, USA.
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15
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Choi JY, Yu HC, Lee J, Jeon J, Im J, Jang J, Jin SW, Kim KK, Cho S, Chung CM. Preparation of Polyimide/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite and Its Application to Nonvolatile Resistive Memory Device. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E901. [PMID: 30960826 PMCID: PMC6403621 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
2,6-Diaminoanthracene (AnDA)-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (AnDA-GO) was prepared and used to synthesize a graphene oxide-based polyimide (PI-GO) by the in-situ polymerization method. A PI-GO nanocomposite thin film was prepared and characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The PI-GO film was used as a memory layer in the fabrication of a resistive random access memory (RRAM) device with aluminum (Al) top and indium tin oxide (ITO) bottom electrodes. The device showed write-once-read-many-times (WORM) characteristics with a high ON/OFF current ratio (Ion/Ioff = 3.41 × 10⁸). This excellent current ratio was attributed to the high charge trapping ability of GO. In addition, the device had good endurance until the 100th cycle. These results suggest that PI-GO is an attractive candidate for applications in next generation nonvolatile memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea.
| | - Hwan-Chul Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea.
| | - Jeongjun Lee
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea.
| | - Jihyun Jeon
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea.
| | - Jaehyuk Im
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea.
| | - Junhwan Jang
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea.
| | - Seung-Won Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Kook Kim
- Department of Nano-Optical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung 15073, Korea.
| | - Soohaeng Cho
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea.
| | - Chan-Moon Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea.
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16
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Matsuura K, Umahara Y, Gotoh K, Hoshijima Y, Ishida H. Surface modification effects on the tensile properties of functionalised graphene oxide epoxy films. RSC Adv 2018; 8:9677-9684. [PMID: 35540819 PMCID: PMC9078660 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00252e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a candidate for nanofillers to improve the mechanical and thermal stability of nanocomposites. In order to determine the molecular interaction to improve the mechanical properties of GO–epoxy resin composites, we investigated the relationship between GO oxidation properties and the tensile strength of the epoxy resin. With respect to GO preparation, graphite was oxidised by the Brodie or Hummers method, and the oxidised GO was reduced or chloride substituted. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectral patterns indicate that a shorter Brodie oxidation method GO (B-GO) is associated with a higher proportion of hydroxyl groups. The oxidised GO materials, with the exception of the sample produced by the 54 h Brodie oxidation method, improved the tensile strength of the composites while the epoxy resin with reduced or chlorinated GO did not increase the tensile strength of the film. Based on XPS and elemental analyses, the improvement in the tensile strength is due to the presence of O atom based functional groups, such as hydroxyl groups, on the GO surface. The interaction between the epoxy resin and O atom based functional groups on the GO contributes to improving the tensile strength of the composites. In order to determine the molecular interaction to improve the mechanical properties of graphene oxide (GO)–epoxy resin composites, we investigated the relationship between GO oxidation properties and the tensile strength of the epoxy resin.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Matsuura
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
- Okayama
- Japan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Yuki Umahara
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
- Okayama
- Japan
| | - Kazuma Gotoh
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
- Okayama
- Japan
| | - Yuko Hoshijima
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
- Okayama
- Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishida
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
- Okayama
- Japan
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17
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Wei J, Saharudin MS, Vo T, Inam F. Dichlorobenzene: an effective solvent for epoxy/graphene nanocomposites preparation. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170778. [PMID: 29134080 PMCID: PMC5666263 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is generally recognized that dimethylformamide (DMF) and ethanol are good media to uniformly disperse graphene, and therefore have been used widely in the preparation of epoxy/graphene nanocomposites. However, as a solvent to disperse graphene, dichlorobenzene (DCB) has not been fully realized by the polymer community. Owing to high values of the dispersion component (δd) of the Hildebrand solubility parameter, DCB is considered as a suitable solvent for homogeneous graphene dispersion. Therefore, epoxy/graphene nanocomposites have been prepared for the first time with DCB as a dispersant; DMF and ethanol have been chosen as the reference. The colloidal stability, mechanical properties, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis and scanning electron microscopic images of nanocomposites have been obtained. The results show that with the use of DCB, the tensile strength of graphene has been improved from 64.46 to 69.32 MPa, and its flexural strength has been increased from 97.17 to 104.77 MPa. DCB is found to be more effective than DMF and ethanol for making stable and homogeneous graphene dispersion and composites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fawad Inam
- Author for correspondence: Fawad Inam e-mail:
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Atif R, Inam F. Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:1174-1196. [PMID: 27826492 PMCID: PMC5082316 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
One of the main issues in the production of polymer nanocomposites is the dispersion state of filler as multilayered graphene (MLG) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) tend to agglomerate due to van der Waals forces. The agglomeration can be avoided by using organic solvents, selecting suitable dispersion and production methods, and functionalizing the fillers. Another proposed method is the use of hybrid fillers as synergistic effects can cause an improvement in the dispersion state of the fillers. In this review article, various aspects of each process that can help avoid filler agglomeration and improve dispersion state are discussed in detail. This review article would be helpful for both current and prospective researchers in the field of MLG- and CNT-based polymer nanocomposites to achieve maximum enhancement in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of produced polymer nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheed Atif
- Northumbria University, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Fawad Inam
- Northumbria University, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
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Mechanical, Thermal, and Electrical Properties of Graphene-Epoxy Nanocomposites-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8080281. [PMID: 30974558 PMCID: PMC6432420 DOI: 10.3390/polym8080281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Monolithic epoxy, because of its brittleness, cannot prevent crack propagation and is vulnerable to fracture. However, it is well established that when reinforced—especially by nano-fillers, such as metallic oxides, clays, carbon nanotubes, and other carbonaceous materials—its ability to withstand crack propagation is propitiously improved. Among various nano-fillers, graphene has recently been employed as reinforcement in epoxy to enhance the fracture related properties of the produced epoxy–graphene nanocomposites. In this review, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of graphene reinforced epoxy nanocomposites will be correlated with the topographical features, morphology, weight fraction, dispersion state, and surface functionalization of graphene. The factors in which contrasting results were reported in the literature are highlighted, such as the influence of graphene on the mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites. Furthermore, the challenges to achieving the desired performance of polymer nanocomposites are also suggested throughout the article.
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Chhetri S, Samanta P, Murmu NC, Srivastava SK, Kuila T. Effect of Dodecyal Amine Functionalized Graphene on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Epoxy-Based Composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Chhetri
- Surface Engineering and Tribology Division; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute; Durgapur West Bengal 713209 India
- CSIR-CMERI, Campus; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); Durgapur West Bengal 713209 India
| | - Pranab Samanta
- Surface Engineering and Tribology Division; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute; Durgapur West Bengal 713209 India
- CSIR-CMERI, Campus; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); Durgapur West Bengal 713209 India
| | - Naresh Chandra Murmu
- Surface Engineering and Tribology Division; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute; Durgapur West Bengal 713209 India
- CSIR-CMERI, Campus; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); Durgapur West Bengal 713209 India
| | | | - Tapas Kuila
- Surface Engineering and Tribology Division; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute; Durgapur West Bengal 713209 India
- CSIR-CMERI, Campus; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); Durgapur West Bengal 713209 India
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Paluvai NR, Mohanty S, Nayak SK. Fabrication and evaluation of acrylated epoxidized castor oil-toughened diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A nanocomposites. CAN J CHEM ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagarjuna Reddy Paluvai
- Advanced Research School for Technology & Product Simulation (ARSTPS); Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET); Chennai India
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM); Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET); Bhubaneswar India
| | - Smita Mohanty
- Advanced Research School for Technology & Product Simulation (ARSTPS); Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET); Chennai India
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM); Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET); Bhubaneswar India
| | - Sanjay K. Nayak
- Advanced Research School for Technology & Product Simulation (ARSTPS); Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET); Chennai India
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM); Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET); Bhubaneswar India
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Roy S, Tang X, Das T, Zhang L, Li Y, Ting S, Hu X, Yue CY. Enhanced molecular level dispersion and interface bonding at low loading of modified graphene oxide to fabricate super nylon 12 composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:3142-51. [PMID: 25545112 DOI: 10.1021/am5074408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Development of advanced graphene based polymer composites is still confronted with severe challenges due to its poor dispersion caused by restacking, weak interface bonding, and incompatibility with polymer matrices which suppress exertion of the actual potential of graphene sheets in composites. Here, we have demonstrated an efficient chemical modification process with polyethylenimine (PEI) to functionalize graphene oxide which can overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks and also can remarkably increase the overall strength of the nylon 12 composites even at very low graphene loading. Chemical modification was analyzed by various surface characterizations including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Addition of only 0.25 and 0.35 wt % modified GO showed 37% and 54% improvement in tensile strength and 65% and 74% in Young's modulus, respectively, compared with that of the neat polymer. The dynamic mechanical analysis showed ∼39% and 63% increment in storage modulus of the nanocomposites. Moreover, the nanocomposites exhibited significantly high thermal stability (∼15 °C increment by only 0.35 wt %) as compared to neat polymer. Furthermore, the composites rendered outstanding resistance against various chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunanda Roy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798
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Kumar S, Raj S, Kolanthai E, Sood AK, Sampath S, Chatterjee K. Chemical functionalization of graphene to augment stem cell osteogenesis and inhibit biofilm formation on polymer composites for orthopedic applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:3237-52. [PMID: 25584679 DOI: 10.1021/am5079732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Toward designing the next generation of resorbable biomaterials for orthopedic applications, we studied poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) composites containing graphene. The role, if any, of the functionalization of graphene on mechanical properties, stem cell response, and biofilm formation was systematically evaluated. PCL composites of graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO (RGO), and amine-functionalized GO (AGO) were prepared at different filler contents (1%, 3%, and 5%). Although the addition of the nanoparticles to PCL markedly increased the storage modulus, this increase was largest for GO followed by AGO and RGO. In vitro cell studies revealed that the AGO and GO particles significantly increased human mesenchymal stem cell proliferation. AGO was most effective in augmenting stem cell osteogenesis leading to mineralization. Bacterial studies revealed that interaction with functionalized GO induced bacterial cell death because of membrane damage, which was further accentuated by amine groups in AGO. As a result, AGO composites were best at inhibiting biofilm formation. The synergistic effect of oxygen containing functional groups and amine groups on AGO imparts the optimal combination of improved modulus, favorable stem cell response, and biofilm inhibition in AGO-reinforced composites desired for orthopedic applications. This work elucidates the importance of chemical functionalization of graphene in polymer composites for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Department of Materials Engineering, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 India
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Paluvai NR, Mohanty S, Nayak SK. Cure kinetics of exfoliated bio-based epoxy/clay nanocomposites developed from acrylated epoxidized castor oil and diglycidyl ether bisphenol A networks. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008314566052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A bio-based epoxy monomer was synthesized by acrylation of epoxidized castor oil (ECO). Subsequently, acrylated ECO (AECO)-toughened diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) nanocomposites were prepared via sol–gel process with the addition of organically treated montmorillonite nanoclays. In this study, the curing kinetics of anhydride-cured DGEBA/AECO monomer with and without clays was studied by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The apparent activation energy obtained by Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method was reduced from 63 to 59 kJ mol−1 and 69 to 61 kJ mol−1, respectively, with the addition of 1 wt% clay to the DGEBA/10 wt% AECO and DGEBA/20 wt% AECO systems, respectively. The two-parameter Šesták–Berggren autocatalytic model was used to obtain the reaction orders m and n, respectively. The curves obtained by the Málek method show good agreement with the experimental data for bio-based epoxy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarjuna Reddy Paluvai
- Advanced Research School for Technology & Product Simulation (ARSTPS), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - S. Mohanty
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - S. K. Nayak
- Advanced Research School for Technology & Product Simulation (ARSTPS), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Li W, Xia Z, Li A, Ling Y, Wang B, Gan W. Effect of SiO2 nanoparticles on the reaction-induced phase separation in dynamically asymmetric epoxy/PEI blends. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12261e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The scaling coefficient α decreases significantly when the epoxy/PEI blend is filled with certain concentration of MEK–SiO2 nanoparticles, implying that the nanoparticles are forcing the coarsening mechanism towards the diffusion-controlled regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Li
- Department of Macromolecular Materials and Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zonglian Xia
- Department of Macromolecular Materials and Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Ao Li
- Department of Macromolecular Materials and Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yang Ling
- Department of Macromolecular Materials and Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Baoyu Wang
- Department of Macromolecular Materials and Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Wenjun Gan
- Department of Macromolecular Materials and Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai
- China
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Liu Z, Zhu S, Li Y, Li Y, Shi P, Huang Z, Huang X. Preparation of graphene/poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) nanohybrid materials via an ambient temperature “grafting-from” strategy. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00903g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PHEA polymer brushes were grownin situfrom the surface of graphene sheetsviaSET-LRP through a “grafting-from” strategy at ambient temperature to afford the PHEA/graphene hybrid material with excellent dispersibility in organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanzhan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- P. R. China
| | - Shaojia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- P. R. China
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Abstract
Graphene, a 2D fullerene, is a unique material because of its exceptional set of properties. This review has been focused on the processing methods and mechanical, electrical, thermal, and fire retardant properties of epoxy/graphene nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Wei
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment
- Northumbria University
- Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST
- UK
| | - Thuc Vo
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment
- Northumbria University
- Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST
- UK
| | - Fawad Inam
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment
- Northumbria University
- Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST
- UK
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Liu Z, Lu G, Li Y, Li Y, Huang X. Click synthesis of graphene/poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide) nanocomposite via “grafting-onto” strategy at ambient temperature. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07825j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Ryu SH, Sin J, Shanmugharaj A. Study on the effect of hexamethylene diamine functionalized graphene oxide on the curing kinetics of epoxy nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hu Z, Zhang J, Wang H, Li T, Liu Z, Yu Y. Dual effects of mesoscopic fillers on the polyethersulfone modified cyanate ester: enhanced viscoelastic effect and mechanical properties. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06808d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enlarging the filler content and decreasing the filler size contribute to enhancing both viscoelastic effect and mechanical property of polyethersulfone modified cyanate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongnan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, China
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