1
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Kancharla P, Ortiz D, Fargo CM, Zhang X, Li Y, Sanchez M, Kumar A, Yeluguri M, Dodean RA, Caridha D, Madejczyk MS, Martin M, Jin X, Blount C, Chetree R, Pannone K, Dinh HT, DeLuca J, Evans M, Nadeau R, Vuong C, Leed S, Dennis WE, Roncal N, Pybus BS, Lee PJ, Roth A, Reynolds KA, Kelly JX, Landfear SM. Discovery and Optimization of Tambjamines as a Novel Class of Antileishmanial Agents. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8323-8345. [PMID: 38722757 PMCID: PMC11163866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that is estimated to afflict over 12 million people. Current drugs for leishmaniasis suffer from serious deficiencies, including toxicity, high cost, modest efficacy, primarily parenteral delivery, and emergence of widespread resistance. We have discovered and developed a natural product-inspired tambjamine chemotype, known to be effective against Plasmodium spp, as a novel class of antileishmanial agents. Herein, we report in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activities, detailed structure-activity relationships, and metabolic/pharmacokinetic profiles of a large library of tambjamines. A number of tambjamines exhibited excellent potency against both Leishmania mexicana and Leishmania donovani parasites with good safety and metabolic profiles. Notably, tambjamine 110 offered excellent potency and provided partial protection to leishmania-infected mice at 40 and/or 60 mg/kg/10 days of oral treatment. This study presents the first account of antileishmanial activity in the tambjamine family and paves the way for the generation of new oral antileishmanial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papireddy Kancharla
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Diana Ortiz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, United States
| | - Corinne M. Fargo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, United States
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Yuexin Li
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Marco Sanchez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, United States
| | - Amrendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Monish Yeluguri
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Rozalia A. Dodean
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Diana Caridha
- Experimental Therapeutics Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Michael S. Madejczyk
- Experimental Therapeutics Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Monica Martin
- Experimental Therapeutics Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Xiannu Jin
- Experimental Therapeutics Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Cameron Blount
- Experimental Therapeutics Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Ravi Chetree
- Experimental Therapeutics Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Kristina Pannone
- Experimental Therapeutics Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Hieu T. Dinh
- Experimental Therapeutics Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Jesse DeLuca
- Experimental Therapeutics Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Martin Evans
- Experimental Therapeutics Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Robert Nadeau
- Experimental Therapeutics Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Chau Vuong
- Experimental Therapeutics Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Susan Leed
- Experimental Therapeutics Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - William E. Dennis
- Experimental Therapeutics Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Norma Roncal
- Experimental Therapeutics Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Brandon S. Pybus
- Experimental Therapeutics Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Patricia J. Lee
- Experimental Therapeutics Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Alison Roth
- Experimental Therapeutics Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Kevin A. Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Jane X. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Scott M. Landfear
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, United States
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Chauhan P, Behera KC, Ravikanth M. Synthesis, Structure, Spectral, Electrochemical, and Theoretical Studies of Ru(II) Complexes of 3-Pyrrolyl BODIPY-Based Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13919-13928. [PMID: 37584186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
3-Pyrrolyl BODIPY having an appended pyrrolyl group at the 3-position of BODIPY (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) and its functionalized derivatives have been used as ligands to prepare one example of Ru(II) complex of pyrrolyl dipyrrin and three unique examples of bichromophoric BODIPY-Ru(II) complexes in good yields. The complexes were characterized by HR-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, X-ray analysis for two complexes, absorption, cyclic voltammetry, and DFT/TD-DFT techniques. The X-ray structure of the Ru(II) complex of pyrrolyl dipyrrin revealed that the geometry around the Ru(II) ion was pseudo-octahedral with an arene unit occupying three coordination sites in η6-fashion and two nitrogen atoms of the dipyrrin ring and one chloro group adopting the "three legs piano-stool" structure. The X-ray structure of the bichromophoric BODIPY-Ru(II) complex revealed that the BODIPY core was planar and the central B(III) was coordinated with two pyrrole nitrogens of the dipyrrin unit and two axial fluoride ions in a tetrahedral geometry, and Ru(II) was bonded to appended pyrrole "N" and "N" of benzimidazole substituent present at the α-position of appended pyrrole, one chloro group, and one arene ring in a pseudo-octahedral geometry. The spectral studies revealed that the electronic properties of the BODIPY unit in BODIPY-Ru(II) complexes were significantly altered, and electrochemical studies indicated that the BODIPY-Ru(II) complexes exhibit one oxidation corresponding to Ru(II) to Ru(III) and one reduction corresponding to the BODIPY unit. The DFT/TD-DFT studies corroborated the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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Kettenmann SD, White M, Colard-Thomas J, Kraft M, Feßler AT, Danz K, Wieland G, Wagner S, Schwarz S, Wiehe A, Kulak N. Investigating Alkylated Prodigiosenes and Their Cu(II)-Dependent Biological Activity: Interactions with DNA, Antimicrobial and Photoinduced Anticancer Activity. ChemMedChem 2021; 17:e202100702. [PMID: 34779147 PMCID: PMC9306646 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Prodigiosenes are a family of red pigments with versatile biological activity. Their tripyrrolic core structure has been modified many times in order to manipulate the spectrum of activity. We have been looking systematically at prodigiosenes substituted at the C ring with alkyl chains of different lengths, in order to assess the relevance of this substituent in a context that has not been investigated before for these derivatives: Cu(II) complexation, DNA binding, self‐activated DNA cleavage, photoinduced cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity. Our results indicate that the hydrophobic substituent has a clear influence on the different aspects of their biological activity. The cytotoxicity study of the Cu(II) complexes of these prodigiosenes shows that they exhibit a strong cytotoxic effect towards the tested tumor cell lines. The Cu(II) complex of a prodigiosene lacking any alkyl chain excelled in its photoinduced anticancer activity, thus demonstrating the potential of prodigiosenes and their metal complexes for an application in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Two derivatives along with their Cu(II) complexes showed also antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew White
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Julien Colard-Thomas
- Ecole Nationale Superieur de Chimie de Paris: Ecole nationale superieure de chimie de Paris, Chimie, FRANCE
| | - Matilda Kraft
- Freie Universität Berlin: Freie Universitat Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, GERMANY
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Freie Universität Berlin: Freie Universitat Berlin, Institute for Microbiology, GERMANY
| | - Karin Danz
- Fraunhofer-Institut fur Biomedizinische Technik IBMT, Zellmodelle und Toxikologie, GERMANY
| | | | - Sylvia Wagner
- Fraunhofer-Institut fur Biomedizinische Technik IBMT, Zellmodelle und Toxikologie, GERMANY
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Freie Universität Berlin: Freie Universitat Berlin, Institut für Mikrobiologie, GERMANY
| | | | - Nora Kulak
- Otto von Guericke Universitat Magdeburg, Institut für Chemie, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, GERMANY
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Kancharla P, Li Y, Yeluguri M, Dodean RA, Reynolds KA, Kelly JX. Total Synthesis and Antimalarial Activity of 2-( p-Hydroxybenzyl)-prodigiosins, Isoheptylprodigiosin, and Geometric Isomers of Tambjamine MYP1 Isolated from Marine Bacteria. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8739-8754. [PMID: 34111350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient and straightforward synthetic routes toward the first total synthesis of 2-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-prodigiosins (2-5), isoheptylprodigiosin (6), and geometric isomers of tambjamine MYP1 ((E/Z)-7) have been developed. The crucial steps involved in these synthetic routes are the construction of methoxy-bipyrrole-carboxaldehydes (MBCs) and a 20-membered macrocyclic core and a regioselective demethylation of MBC analogues. These new synthetic routes enabled us to generate several natural prodiginines 24-27 in larger quantity. All of the synthesized natural products exhibited potent asexual blood-stage antiplasmodial activity at low nanomolar concentrations against a panel of Plasmodium falciparum parasites, with a great therapeutic index. Notably, prodiginines 6 and 24-27 provided curative in vivo efficacy against erythrocytic Plasmodium yoelii at 25 mg/kg × 4 days via oral route in a murine model. No overt clinical toxicity or behavioral change was observed in any mice treated with prodiginines and tambjamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papireddy Kancharla
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Yuexin Li
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Monish Yeluguri
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Rozalia A Dodean
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Kevin A Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Jane X Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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5
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Picott KJ, Deichert JA, deKemp EM, Snieckus V, Ross AC. Purification and Kinetic Characterization of the Essential Condensation Enzymes Involved in Prodiginine and Tambjamine Biosynthesis. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1036-1042. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J. Picott
- Department of ChemistryQueen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Julie A. Deichert
- Department of ChemistryQueen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Ella M. deKemp
- Department of ChemistryQueen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Victor Snieckus
- Department of ChemistryQueen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Avena C. Ross
- Department of ChemistryQueen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
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RedH and PigC Catalyze the Biosynthesis of Hybrubins via Phosphorylation of 4'-Methoxy-2,2'-Bipyrrole-5'-Carbaldehyde. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02331-19. [PMID: 31704680 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02331-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrubins are "unnatural" alkaloids with the same 4'-methoxy-2,2'-bipyrrole-5'-methine moiety found in prodiginines and a different ring derived from tetramic acids. Here, we demonstrated that RedH, a homologue of prodigiosin synthetase PigC, was responsible for the biosynthesis of hybrubins A and B in Streptomyces lividans In vitro reactions indicated that RedH and PigC catalyzed the intermolecular condensation between 4'-methoxy-2,2'-bipyrrole-5'-carbaldehyde (MBC) and (Z)-5-ethylidenetetramic acid (ETA) to produce hybrubin B. Moreover, we demonstrated that RedH and PigC activated MBC via phosphorylation of the aldehyde group to form an intermediate Pi-MBC and that the subsequent condensation between Pi-MBC and (Z)-5-ethylidenetetramic acid occurs in a nonenzymatic way.IMPORTANCE Hybrubins are an emerging class of prodiginines possessing a new C ring derived from 5'-substituted tetramic acids and the methylene bridge connecting the C ring at a different position. We have supposed that condensation between 4'-methoxy-2,2'-bipyrrole-5'-carbaldehyde (MBC) and 5-ethylidenetetramic acid (ETA) yields the hybrid natural products hybrubins, which was proposed to be catalyzed by the undecylprodigiosin synthetase RedH. However, it is doubted whether RedH is able to catalyze another type of condensation between MBC and tetramic acids. In this study, we have demonstrated that the MBC-ETA condensation proceeds through RedH/PigC-catalyzed enzymatic activation of MBC via phosphorylation and a nonenzymatic condensation of Pi-MBC with ETA. Since MBC analogues have been shown to be accepted by PigC, more hybrubin analogues might be produced by using combinations of MBC analogues and other tetramic acids in future studies.
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Insights into the anti-infective properties of prodiginines. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2873-2887. [PMID: 30761415 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prodiginines are a large family of tripyrrole alkaloids that contain natural members produced by various bacteria and non-natural members obtained from chemical synthesis, enzymatic synthesis, and mutasynthesis. These compounds have attracted a great deal of attention due to their wide range of fascinating properties including anti-infective, anticancer, and immunosuppressive activities. In consideration of the great need for novel and effective anti-infective agents, this review is mainly focused on the current status of research on the anti-infective properties of prodiginines, highlighting their antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, anti-larval, and antiviral activities. Additionally, the multiple mechanisms by which prodiginines exert their anti-infective effects will also be discussed.
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Figliola C, Marchal E, Groves BR, Thompson A. A step-wise synthetic approach is necessary to access γ-conjugates of folate: folate-conjugated prodigiosenes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14078-14092. [PMID: 35519339 PMCID: PMC9064012 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01435g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the vast literature that describes reacting folic acid with a pharmacophore, this route is ineffective in providing the correct regioisomer of the resulting conjugate. We herein present a step-wise route to the preparation of nine folate conjugates of the tripyrrolic prodigiosene skeleton. The strict requirement for step-wise construction of the folate core is demonstrated, so as to achieve conjugation at only the desired γ-carboxylic acid and thus maintain the α-carboxylic site for folate receptor (FRα) recognition. Linkages via ethylenediamine, polyethylene glycol and glutathione are demonstrated. Despite the vast literature that describes reacting folic acid with a pharmacophore, this route is ineffective in providing the correct regioisomer of the resulting conjugate.![]()
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Klein AS, Brass HUC, Klebl DP, Classen T, Loeschcke A, Drepper T, Sievers S, Jaeger KE, Pietruszka J. Preparation of Cyclic Prodiginines by Mutasynthesis in Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1545-1552. [PMID: 29719131 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prodiginines are a group of naturally occurring pyrrole alkaloids produced by various microorganisms and known for their broad biological activities. The production of nature-inspired cyclic prodiginines was enabled by combining organic synthesis with a mutasynthesis approach based on the GRAS (generally recognized as safe) certified host strain Pseudomonas putida KT2440. The newly prepared prodiginines exerted antimicrobial effects against relevant alternative biotechnological microbial hosts whereas P. putida itself exhibited remarkable tolerance against all tested prodiginines, thus corroborating the bacterium's exceptional suitability as a mutasynthesis host for the production of these cytotoxic secondary metabolites. Moreover, the produced cyclic prodiginines proved to be autophagy modulators in human breast cancer cells. One promising cyclic prodiginine derivative stood out, being twice as potent as prodigiosin, the most prominent member of the prodiginine family, and its synthetic derivative obatoclax mesylate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sebastian Klein
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf located at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, Building 15.8, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hannah Ursula Clara Brass
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf located at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, Building 15.8, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - David Paul Klebl
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf located at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, Building 15.8, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Classen
- Insitute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Stetternicher Forst, Building 15.8, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Anita Loeschcke
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf located at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, Building 15.8, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Drepper
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf located at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, Building 15.8, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Compound Management and Screening Center (COMAS), Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44202, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Insitute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Stetternicher Forst, Building 15.8, 52425, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf located at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, Building 15.8, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf located at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, Building 15.8, 52426, Jülich, Germany.,Insitute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Stetternicher Forst, Building 15.8, 52425, Jülich, Germany
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Marchal E, Figliola C, Thompson A. Prodigiosenes conjugated to tamoxifen and estradiol. Org Biomol Chem 2018. [PMID: 28628182 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00943g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of the first click-appended prodigiosene conjugates. Four prodigiosene conjugates of estradiol functionalised at the 7α-position were prepared, as were three prodigiosene conjugates of tamoxifen. The coupling between a prodigiosene and an 11-hydroxy estradiol derivative via an ether linkage was investigated, as was the 11- and 7-functionalisation of the estradiol core. The robustness of estradiol protecting groups was severely challenged by reactions typically used to equip such frameworks for 11- and 7-functionalisation. Specifically, and important to synthesis involving estradiol, TBS, TMS and THP are not useful protecting groups for the functionalisation of this core. When the chemical features of the therapeutic agent limit the choice of protecting group (in this case, prodigiosenes bearing aryl, NH, alkenyl and ester groups), click chemistry becomes an attractive synthetic strategy. The anti-cancer activity of the seven click prodigiosene conjugates was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Marchal
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, PO BOX 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Aruldass CA, Masalamany SRL, Venil CK, Ahmad WA. Antibacterial mode of action of violacein from Chromobacterium violaceum UTM5 against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:5164-5180. [PMID: 28361404 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Violacein, violet pigment produced by Chromobacterium violaceum, has attracted much attention recently due to its pharmacological properties including antibacterial activity. The present study investigated possible antibacterial mode of action of violacein from C. violaceum UTM5 against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. Violet fraction was obtained by cultivating C. violaceum UTM5 in liquid pineapple waste medium, extracted, and fractionated using ethyl acetate and vacuum liquid chromatography technique. Violacein was quantified as major compound in violet fraction using HPLC analysis. Violet fraction displayed bacteriostatic activity against S. aureus ATCC 29213 and methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC 43300 with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.9 μg/mL. Fluorescence dyes for membrane damage and scanning electron microscopic analysis confirmed the inhibitory effect by disruption on membrane integrity, morphological alternations, and rupture of the cell membranes of both strains. Transmission electron microscopic analysis showed membrane damage, mesosome formation, and leakage of intracellular constituents of both bacterial strains. Mode of action of violet fraction on the cell membrane integrity of both strains was shown by release of protein, K+, and extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) with 110.5 μg/mL, 2.34 μg/mL, and 87.24 ng/μL, respectively, at 48 h of incubation. Violet fraction was toxic to human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and human fetal lung fibroblast (IMR90) cell lines with LC50 value of 0.998 ± 0.058 and 0.387 ± 0.002 μg/mL, respectively. Thus, violet fraction showed a strong antibacterial property by disrupting the membrane integrity of S. aureus and MRSA strains. This is the first report on the possible mode of antibacterial action of violet fraction from C. violaceum UTM5 on S. aureus and MRSA strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claira Arul Aruldass
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Wan Azlina Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
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Greening SM, Robertson KN, Thompson A. Synthesis and characterization of pyrrolyldipyrrin F-BODIPYs. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:89-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00341b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of synthetic analogs of the tripyrrolic natural product prodigiosin were complexed with boron trifluoride to generate the corresponding F-BODIPYs.
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13
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Lu W, Kancharla P, Reynolds KA. MarH, a Bifunctional Enzyme Involved in the Condensation and Hydroxylation Steps of the Marineosin Biosynthetic Pathway. Org Lett 2017; 19:1298-1301. [PMID: 28271893 PMCID: PMC8168799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel bifunctional enzyme, MarH, has been identified, and its key functional role in the marineosin biosynthesis successfully probed. MarH catalyzes (1) a condensation step between 4-methoxy-2,2'-bipyrrole-5-carboxaldehyde (MBC) and 2-undecylpyrrole (UP) to form undecylprodiginine (UPG) and (2) hydroxylation of the alkyl chain of UPG to form the (S)-23-hydroxyundecylprodiginine (HUPG), which is essential for MarG catalyzed bicyclization toward the formation of an unusual spiro-tetrahydropyran-aminal ring of marineosins. The final enigmatic steps in the marineosin biosynthesis have now been deciphered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
| | - Papireddy Kancharla
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
| | - Kevin A. Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
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Lund KLAR, Figliola C, Kajetanowicz AK, Thompson A. Synthesis and anticancer activity of prodigiosenes bearing C-ring esters and amides. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01628j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten novel prodigiosenes with anticancer activity.
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15
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Li J, Zhang Q, Yin J, Yu C, Cheng K, Wei Y, Hao E, Jiao L. Metal-Free and Versatile Synthetic Routes to Natural and Synthetic Prodiginines from Boron Dipyrrin. Org Lett 2016; 18:5696-5699. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Laboratory
of Functional
Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials
Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Laboratory
of Functional
Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials
Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Laboratory
of Functional
Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials
Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Laboratory
of Functional
Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials
Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Laboratory
of Functional
Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials
Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yun Wei
- Laboratory
of Functional
Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials
Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- Laboratory
of Functional
Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials
Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- Laboratory
of Functional
Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials
Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
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16
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17
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Van Rossom W, Asby DJ, Tavassoli A, Gale PA. Perenosins: a new class of anion transporter with anti-cancer activity. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2645-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new class of anion transporter named ‘perenosins’ consisting of a pyrrole linked through an imine to either an indole, benzimidazole or indazole is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Van Rossom
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
| | - Daniel J. Asby
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
| | - Ali Tavassoli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
| | - Philip A. Gale
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
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18
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Abd-El-Aziz AS, Agatemor C, Etkin N, Overy DP, Lanteigne M, McQuillan K, Kerr RG. Antimicrobial Organometallic Dendrimers with Tunable Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3694-703. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa S. Abd-El-Aziz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University
Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince
Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Christian Agatemor
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University
Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince
Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Nola Etkin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University
Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince
Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - David P. Overy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University
Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince
Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
- Department
of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Martin Lanteigne
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University
Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince
Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Katherine McQuillan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University
Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince
Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Russell G. Kerr
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University
Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince
Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
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19
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Kancharla P, Kelly JX, Reynolds KA. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Tambjamines and B-Ring Functionalized Prodiginines as Potent Antimalarials. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7286-309. [PMID: 26305125 PMCID: PMC11177801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and antimalarial activity of 94 novel bipyrrole tambjamines (TAs) and a library of B-ring functionalized tripyrrole prodiginines (PGs) against a panel of Plasmodium falciparum strains are described. The activity and structure-activity relationships demonstrate that the ring-C of PGs can be replaced by an alkylamine, providing for TAs with retained/enhanced potency. Furthermore, ring-B of PGs/TAs can be substituted with short alkyl substitutions at either 4-position (replacement of OMe) or 3- and 4-positions without impacting potency. Eight representative TAs and two PGs have been evaluated for antimalarial activity against multidrug-resistant P. yoelii in mice in the dose range of 5-100 mg/kg × 4 days by oral administration. The KAR425 TA offered greater efficacy than previously observed for any PG, providing 100% protection to malaria-infected mice until day 28 at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg × 4 days, and was also curative in this model in a single oral dose (80 mg/kg). This study presents the first account of antimalarial activity in tambjamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papireddy Kancharla
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Jane Xu Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Kevin A. Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
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20
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Marchal E, Uddin MI, Hawco CL, Thompson A. Synthesis of prodigiosene–estrogen conjugates: optimization of protecting group strategies and anticancer properties. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The tripyrrolic prodigiosene skeleton was conjugated to several estrogen ligands. The conjugation was achieved via an ester linker that proved to be unusually sensitive to hydrolysis during synthesis. This work describes the determination of an appropriate protecting group for the hydroxy groups of the estrogen linker. The anticancer properties of the target prodigiosene–estrogen conjugates were evaluated against breast cancer cells and some show selectivity for ER+ breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Marchal
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Md. Imam Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Cassandra L.A. Hawco
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Alison Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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21
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Aruldass CA, Rubiyatno R, Venil CK, Ahmad WA. Violet pigment production from liquid pineapple waste by Chromobacterium violaceum UTM5 and evaluation of its bioactivity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05765e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid pineapple waste, a novel nutritious low cost growth medium. Crude violet pigment shows bioactivity. This is the first report on the production of violet pigment using liquid pineapple waste medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claira Arul Aruldass
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor
- Malaysia
| | - Rubiyatno Rubiyatno
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor
- Malaysia
| | | | - Wan Azlina Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor
- Malaysia
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22
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Kancharla P, Lu W, Salem SM, Kelly JX, Reynolds KA. Stereospecific synthesis of 23-hydroxyundecylprodiginines and analogues and conversion to antimalarial premarineosins via a Rieske oxygenase catalyzed bicyclization. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11674-89. [PMID: 25380131 PMCID: PMC4260665 DOI: 10.1021/jo5023553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Facile and highly efficient synthetic routes for the synthesis of (S)- and (R)-23-hydroxyundecylprodiginines ((23S)-2, and (23R)-2), 23-ketoundecylprodiginine (3), and deuterium-labeled 23-hydroxyundecylprodiginine ([23-d]-2) have been developed. We demonstrated a novel Rieske oxygenase MarG catalyzed stereoselective bicyclization of (23S)-2 to premarineosin A (4), a key step in the tailoring process of the biosynthesis of marineosins, using a marG heterologous expression system. The synthesis of various A-C-ring functionalized prodiginines 32-41 was achieved to investigate the substrate promiscuity of MarG. The two analogues 32 and 33 exhibit antimalarial and cytotoxic activities stronger than those of the marineosin intermediate 2, against Plasmodium falciparum strains (CQ(S)-D6, CQ(R)-Dd2, and 7G8) and hepatocellular HepG2 cancer cell line, respectively. Feeding of 34-36 to Streptomyces venezuelae expressing marG led to production of novel premarineosins, paving a way for the production of marineosin analogues via a combinatorial synthetic/biosynthetic approach. This study presents the first example of oxidative bicyclization mediated by a Rieske oxygenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papireddy Kancharla
- Department
of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Wanli Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Shaimaa M. Salem
- Department
of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Jane Xu Kelly
- Department
of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- Department
of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Kevin A. Reynolds
- Department
of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
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23
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Chang TM, Sinharay S, Astashkin AV, Tomat E. Prodigiosin analogue designed for metal coordination: stable zinc and copper pyrrolyldipyrrins. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:7518-26. [PMID: 25008284 PMCID: PMC4106694 DOI: 10.1021/ic5008439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pyrrolyldipyrrin motif is found in several naturally occurring prodigiosin pigments. The potential roles of the interactions of prodigiosins with transition metals and the properties of metal-bound pyrrolyldipyrrins, however, have been difficult to assess because of the very limited number of well-characterized stable complexes. Here, we show that the introduction of a meso-aryl substituent and an ethyl ester group during the sequential assembly of the three heterocycles affords a pyrrolyldipyrrin of enhanced coordinating abilities when compared to that of natural prodigiosins. UV-visible absorption studies indicate that this ligand promptly binds Zn(II) ions with 2:1 ligand-to-metal stoichiometry and Cu(II) ions with 1:1 stoichiometry. Notably, no addition of base is required for the formation of the resulting stable complexes. The crystal structures reveal that whereas the tetrahedral zinc center engages two nitrogen donors on each ligand, the pseudosquare planar copper complex features coordination of all three pyrrolic nitrogen atoms and employs the ester group as a neutral ligand. This first example of coordination of a redox-active transition metal within a fully conjugated pyrrolyldipyrrin framework was investigated spectroscopically by electron paramagnetic resonance to show that the 1:1 metal-to-ligand ratio found in the crystal structure is also maintained in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuhen M Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041, United States
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24
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Marchal E, Rastogi S, Thompson A, Davis JT. Influence of B-ring modifications on proton affinity, transmembrane anion transport and anti-cancer properties of synthetic prodigiosenes. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7515-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01399a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe how modulating the pKaof a family of synthetic prodigiosenes, modified on their B-ring, can control the transmembrane transport of anions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soumya Rastogi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Maryland
- College Park, USA
| | | | - Jeffery T. Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Maryland
- College Park, USA
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25
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Marchal E, Smithen DA, Uddin MI, Robertson AW, Jakeman DL, Mollard V, Goodman CD, MacDougall KS, McFarland SA, McFadden GI, Thompson A. Synthesis and antimalarial activity of prodigiosenes. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:4132-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42548g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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