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Flapping motion as a fluorescent probe for assembly process involving highly viscous liquid-like cluster intermediates during evaporative crystallization. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:371-378. [PMID: 36322378 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence probes are widely used to assess the molecular environment based on their photo-physical properties. Specifically, flexible and aromatic photo-functional system (FLAP) is unique viscosity probe owing to the excited-state planarization of anthracene wings. We have previously applied fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor the evaporative crystallization of solvents. The fluorescence color and spectral changes, which depend on the aggregation form, enable direct fluorescence visualization during evaporative crystallization. The fluorescence visualization of the liquid-like cluster intermediate proposed in the two-step nucleation model for the nucleation process has been achieved. However, the physical properties of these clusters, especially the viscosity, molecular motion, and intermolecular interactions, are still unclear. In this study, FLAPs are used as probes for local-viscosity changes and space limitations of the liquid-like cluster state during evaporative crystallization by observing the fluorescence-spectral changes and using hyperspectral-camera (HSC) imaging. Green emission originates from the monomer in the solution owing to the free-flapping motion. The fluorescence color turns blue with increasing viscosity under crowding conditions. If the survival time of the liquid-like cluster state is sufficient, crystalline phase (R-phase) formation proceeds via a 2-fold π-stacked array of the V-shaped molecules. It is difficult to form the V-shaped stacked columnar structures in the liquid-like cluster state region, resulting in the deposition of head-to-tail dimer structures, such as the yellow-emissive phase (Y-phase). In the case of the FLAP, the stacking intermediate does not form during solvent evaporation in the liquid-like cluster; rather, it is deposited in an amorphous form that exhibits blue emission (B-phase). These findings suggest that it is important to the maintenance of the survival time of the liquid-like cluster states to organize and rearrange the stacking forms. We have achieved the fluorescence probing of viscosity changes at local molecular motion with solvent depletion during solvent evaporation for the first time.
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2
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Hogan DT, Sutherland TC. Multiple aggregates from multiple polymorphs: structural and mechanistic insight into organic dye aggregates. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:10327-10334. [PMID: 35822504 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03211b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This case study provides evidence for the appearance of multiple aggregation forms of a single organic dye, arising from its packing polymorphs in the solid state. Each aggregate can be spectroscopically matched to one polymorph, acquiring nanoscopic structural information even in the absence of conventional H- or J-type aggregation spectral features. The conversion from one polymorphic aggregate to another supports the action of Ostwald's rule of stages in organic aggregates suspended in solution. Mechanistically, dye molecules from one aggregate dissociate then renucleate the more stable aggregate form, the first demonstration for an aggregation-induced emission-active organic dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Hogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Todd C Sutherland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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3
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Ito F, Naganawa R, Fujimoto Y, Takimoto M, Mochiduki Y, Katsumi S. Real-Time Fluorescence Visualization of Nanoparticle Aggregation and the Polymorph-Transition Process of a Mechanofluorochromic Difluoroboron-β-Diketone Derivative. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1662-1666. [PMID: 34181311 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of organic nanomaterials in biomedical and optical devices has been widely studied. The key to improving the performance and stability of these devices is to control the fabrication process, which determines the phase stability and photophysical properties. In this study, fluorescence changes were observed during the reprecipitation process of mechanofluorochromic molecules of dibenzoyl(methanato)boron difluoride. The cyan-emission phase (C-phase) was first identified. The time evolution of the resolved fluorescence spectra revealed that the green-emission phase (G-phase) was formed from the amorphous phase with yellow emission via the C-phase, in addition to the direct formation of the G-phase. Combined with the results of the investigation into the thermal properties, the fluorescence changes clearly indicate a two-step nucleation process and Ostwald's rule of stages for polymorph transition, which enables us to not only provide guidance for controlling the fabrication process but also propose the ripening process for organic nanoparticle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Institution of Education, Shinshu University, 6-ro, Nishinagano, Nagano, 380-8544, Japan
| | - Ryuji Naganawa
- Department of Chemistry, Institution of Education, Shinshu University, 6-ro, Nishinagano, Nagano, 380-8544, Japan
| | - Yushi Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Institution of Education, Shinshu University, 6-ro, Nishinagano, Nagano, 380-8544, Japan
| | - Maori Takimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Institution of Education, Shinshu University, 6-ro, Nishinagano, Nagano, 380-8544, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Mochiduki
- Department of Chemistry, Institution of Education, Shinshu University, 6-ro, Nishinagano, Nagano, 380-8544, Japan
| | - Shiho Katsumi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Institution 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
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4
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Organic Semiconductor Micro/Nanocrystals for Laser Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040958. [PMID: 33670286 PMCID: PMC7918292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic semiconductor micro/nanocrystals (OSMCs) have attracted great attention due to their numerous advantages such us free grain boundaries, minimal defects and traps, molecular diversity, low cost, flexibility and solution processability. Due to all these characteristics, they are strong candidates for the next generation of electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of these OSMCs, discussing molecular packing, the methods to control crystallization and their applications to the area of organic solid-state lasers. Special emphasis is given to OSMC lasers which self-assemble into geometrically defined optical resonators owing to their attractive prospects for tuning/control of light emission properties through geometrical resonator design. The most recent developments together with novel strategies for light emission tuning and effective light extraction are presented.
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5
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Li K, Lin Y, Lu C. Aggregation-Induced Emission for Visualization in Materials Science. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:715-729. [PMID: 30629327 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent imaging techniques have attracted much attention as a powerful tool to realize the visualization of structural and morphological evolution of various materials. However, the traditional fluorescent dyes usually suffered from aggregation-caused quenching, which severely limits the visualization results. In contrast, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecules with high quantum yields in the condensed state showed great opportunities for imaging techniques. In this feature article, recent progresses in visualization with AIE molecules are discussed. Assembly processes including crystallization, gelation process, and dissipative assembly have been observed. To better study information obtained regarding the processes, visualization during reactions, phase transitions, and molecular motions are successfully presented. Based on these successes, AIE molecules were further applied for phase recognition, macro-dispersion evaluation, and damage detection. Finally, we also present the outlook and perspectives, in our opinion, for the development of visualization by AIE molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 79, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 79, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 79, 100029, Beijing, China
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6
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Ito F, Oka N. Use of Aggregation‐Induced Emission for Selective Detection of Phase Transformation during Evaporative Crystallization of Hexaphenylsilole. Chem Asian J 2018; 14:755-759. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of EducationShinshu University Nagano 380-8544 Japan
| | - Narumi Oka
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of EducationShinshu University Nagano 380-8544 Japan
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Oka N, Ito F, Haketa Y, Maeda H, Miyano T, Tohnai N, Ito S, Miyasaka H, Ozeki S. Dynamic Polymorph Formation during Evaporative Crystallization from Solution: The Key Role of Liquid-Like Clusters as "Crucible" at Ambient Temperature. Chemistry 2018; 24:4343-4349. [PMID: 29356156 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the polymorph phenomenon for organic crystals is essential for the development of organic solid materials. Here, the fluorescence study of the evaporative crystallization of 1,3-dipyrrol-2-yl-1,3-propanedione boron difluoride complex (1), which has three polymorphs showing different emission profiles, is reported. The droplet of 1 in 1,2-dichloroethane showed blue emission just after dropping. Solids with bluish-green emission were observed. As time elapsed, a solid with red or orange emission was observed around the droplet. Time evolution of the fluorescence spectra, observed for the first time, implied that the molten state of 1 was observed by emission of an intermediate, even at ambient temperature. These findings suggested that the liquid-like cluster incidentally forms an ordered array as the crystallites nucleate. The liquid-like cluster can be considered as the "crucible" in the nucleation of polymorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Oka
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Education, Shinshu University, Nagano, 380-8544, Japan
| | - Yohei Haketa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Miyano
- Department of Material and Life Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Tohnai
- Department of Material and Life Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Syoji Ito
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of, Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of, Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Sumio Ozeki
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
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8
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Ito F, Kikuchi C. Concentration-Dependent Fluorescence Color Tuning of the Difluoroboron Avobenzone Complex in Polymer Films. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Ito
- Institution of Education, Shinshu University, 6-ro, Nishinagano, Nagano 380-8544
| | - Chika Kikuchi
- Institution of Education, Shinshu University, 6-ro, Nishinagano, Nagano 380-8544
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9
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Ito F, Fujimori JI, Oka N, Sliwa M, Ruckebusch C, Ito S, Miyasaka H. AIE phenomena of a cyanostilbene derivative as a probe of molecular assembly processes. Faraday Discuss 2017; 196:231-243. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The initial processes of the crystallization of a solute molecule, 1-cyano-trans-1,2-bis-(4′-methylbiphenyl)-ethylene (CN-MBE) in binary solution (water and acetone), were investigated by means of fluorescence spectroscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With an increase in the volume fraction (Vw) of the poor solvent (water) in the solution, a drastic change in the fluorescence spectra and intensity of CN-MBE was observed. This change was attributed to aggregation induced emission (AIE). By analyzing the evolution of AIE by multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS), it was revealed that four main species appeared in the solution depending on the Vw values. On the basis of molecular exciton theory, we assigned these four emissive states to the monomer, H-dimer, J-dimer, and H-aggregates. Interestingly, the J-dimer state was observed only in a Vw range of 40% to 50%, just before the formation of the aggregate. This result suggests that the J-dimer plays an important role as the precursor for larger aggregates leading to crystal formation. By integrating the present results with previous work on the crystallization of CN-MBA through solvent evaporation, we discussed the dynamics of the crystallization from the viewpoint of the sequence of molecular species appearing in the aggregation in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Ito
- Institute of Education
- Shinshu University
- Nagano 380-8544
- Japan
| | | | - Narumi Oka
- Institute of Education
- Shinshu University
- Nagano 380-8544
- Japan
| | - Michel Sliwa
- LASIR
- UMR 8516
- CNRS
- Universite des Sciences et Technologies de Lille
- 59 655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex
| | - Cyril Ruckebusch
- LASIR
- UMR 8516
- CNRS
- Universite des Sciences et Technologies de Lille
- 59 655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex
| | - Syoji Ito
- Division of Frontier Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
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10
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Zholobak NM, Popov AL, Shcherbakov AB, Popova NR, Guzyk MM, Antonovich VP, Yegorova AV, Scrypynets YV, Leonenko II, Baranchikov AY, Ivanov VK. Facile fabrication of luminescent organic dots by thermolysis of citric acid in urea melt, and their use for cell staining and polyelectrolyte microcapsule labelling. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:1905-1917. [PMID: 28144539 PMCID: PMC5238650 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent organic dots (O-dots) were synthesized via a one-pot, solvent-free thermolysis of citric acid in urea melt. The influence of the ratio of the precursors and the duration of the process on the properties of the O-dots was established and a mechanism of their formation was hypothesized. The multicolour luminescence tunability and toxicity of synthesized O-dots were extensively studied. The possible applications of O-dots for alive/fixed cell staining and labelling of layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte microcapsules were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda M Zholobak
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
| | - Anton L Popov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Alexander B Shcherbakov
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
| | - Nelly R Popova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Mykhailo M Guzyk
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Valeriy P Antonovich
- Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa 65080, Ukraine
| | - Alla V Yegorova
- Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa 65080, Ukraine
| | - Yuliya V Scrypynets
- Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa 65080, Ukraine
| | - Inna I Leonenko
- Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa 65080, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Ye Baranchikov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir K Ivanov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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11
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Fujimoto Y, Yamamoto N, Furukawa K, Sekiya H. Two Isomers of a Cyanostilbene Derivative in Viscous Solution Observed by Fluorescence Spectroscopy. CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.160143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University
| | - Norifumi Yamamoto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology
| | - Kazuki Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University
| | - Hiroshi Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University
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12
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Fujimori JI, Katsuki A, Ito F. Fluorescence Enhancement of a Dicyanostilbene Derivative Film Casted from an Alcoholic Solution Triggered by UV-light Irradiation. CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.151195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fuyuki Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Education, Shinshu University
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13
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Direct Visualization of the Two-step Nucleation Model by Fluorescence Color Changes during Evaporative Crystallization from Solution. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22918. [PMID: 26953165 PMCID: PMC4782171 DOI: 10.1038/srep22918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-step nucleation model for crystal nuclei formation explains several experimental and theoretical results better than the classical nucleation theory. We report here direct visualization of the two-step nucleation model for organic molecular crystallization. Evaporative crystallization from a solution of a dibenzoylmethane boron complex that displays mechanofluorochromism, a fluorescence color change induced by mechanical perturbation, was probed by fluorescence change. The dependence of fluorescence change on dispersion concentration of the complex in a polymer matrix was also investigated. We detected transitional emission from the amorphous cluster state prior to crystallization. This is the first demonstration of the two-step nucleation model based on fluorescence color changes.
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