1
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Lin J, Chen S, Zhang C, Liao J, Chen Y, Deng S, Mao Z, Zhang T, Tian N, Song Y, Zeng T. Recent advances in microfluidic technology of arterial thrombosis investigations. Platelets 2024; 35:2316743. [PMID: 38390892 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2024.2316743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic technology has emerged as a powerful tool in studying arterial thrombosis, allowing researchers to construct artificial blood vessels and replicate the hemodynamics of blood flow. This technology has led to significant advancements in understanding thrombosis and platelet adhesion and aggregation. Microfluidic models have various types and functions, and by studying the fabrication methods and working principles of microfluidic chips, applicable methods can be selected according to specific needs. The rapid development of microfluidic integrated system and modular microfluidic system makes arterial thrombosis research more diversified and automated, but its standardization still needs to be solved urgently. One key advantage of microfluidic technology is the ability to precisely control fluid flow in microchannels and to analyze platelet behavior under different shear forces and flow rates. This allows researchers to study the physiological and pathological processes of blood flow, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms of arterial thrombosis. In conclusion, microfluidic technology has revolutionized the study of arterial thrombosis by enabling the construction of artificial blood vessels and accurately reproducing hemodynamics. In the future, microfluidics will place greater emphasis on versatility and automation, holding great promise for advancing antithrombotic therapeutic and prophylactic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital/Shangjin Branch of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunying Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuemei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanying Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhigang Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tonghao Zhang
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Na Tian
- Anesthesiology Department, Qingdao Eighth People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yali Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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2
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Salipante PF. Microfluidic techniques for mechanical measurements of biological samples. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011303. [PMID: 38505816 PMCID: PMC10903441 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The use of microfluidics to make mechanical property measurements is increasingly common. Fabrication of microfluidic devices has enabled various types of flow control and sensor integration at micrometer length scales to interrogate biological materials. For rheological measurements of biofluids, the small length scales are well suited to reach high rates, and measurements can be made on droplet-sized samples. The control of flow fields, constrictions, and external fields can be used in microfluidics to make mechanical measurements of individual bioparticle properties, often at high sampling rates for high-throughput measurements. Microfluidics also enables the measurement of bio-surfaces, such as the elasticity and permeability properties of layers of cells cultured in microfluidic devices. Recent progress on these topics is reviewed, and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F. Salipante
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Polymers and Complex Fluids Group, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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3
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Kanies OS, Kremer KR, Mason BM, Dudley MG, Hlavay JM, Miller CT, Spero RC, Fisher JK. A modular microfluidic device that uses magnetically actuatable microposts for enhanced magnetic bead-based workflows. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:330-340. [PMID: 36597964 PMCID: PMC10158497 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00859a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic beads have been widely and successfully used for target enrichment in life science assays. There exists a large variety of commercially available magnetic beads functionalized for specific target capture, as well as options that enable simple surface modifications for custom applications. While magnetic beads are ideal for use in the macrofluidic context of typical laboratory workflows, their performance drops in microfluidic contexts, such as consumables for point-of-care diagnostics. A primary cause is the diffusion-limited analyte transport in these low Reynolds number environments. A new method, BeadPak, uses magnetically actuatable microposts to enhance analyte transport, improving yield of the desired targets. Critical parameters were defined for the operation of this technology and its performance characterized in canonical life-science assays. BeadPak achieved up to 1000× faster capture than a microfluidic chamber relying on diffusion alone, enabled a significant specimen concentration via volume reduction, and demonstrated compatibility with a range of biological specimens. The results shown in this work can be extended to other systems that utilize magnetic beads for target capture, concentration, and/or purification.
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4
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Chen L, Li D, Liu X, Xie Y, Shan J, Huang H, Yu X, Chen Y, Zheng W, Li Z. Point-of-Care Blood Coagulation Assay Based on Dynamic Monitoring of Blood Viscosity Using Droplet Microfluidics. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2170-2177. [PMID: 35537208 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring of the coagulation function has applications in many clinical settings. Routine coagulation assays in the clinic are sample-consuming and slow in turnaround. Microfluidics provides the opportunity to develop coagulation assays that are applicable in point-of-care settings, but reported works required bulky sample pumping units or costly data acquisition instruments. In this work, we developed a microfluidic coagulation assay with a simple setup and easy operation. The device continuously generated droplets of blood sample and buffer mixture and reported the temporal development of blood viscosity during coagulation based on the color appearance of the resultant droplets. We characterized the relationship between blood viscosity and color appearance of the droplets and performed experiments to validate the assay results. In addition, we developed a prototype analyzer equipped with simple fluid pumping and economical imaging module and obtained similar assay measurements. This assay showed great potential to be developed into a point-of-care coagulation test with practical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhe Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Donghao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Faculty of Information Technology, Collaborative Laboratory for Intelligent Science and Systems and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
| | - Yihan Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jieying Shan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haofan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaxia Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yudan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weidong Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zida Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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5
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Ul Islam T, Wang Y, Aggarwal I, Cui Z, Eslami Amirabadi H, Garg H, Kooi R, Venkataramanachar BB, Wang T, Zhang S, Onck PR, den Toonder JMJ. Microscopic artificial cilia - a review. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1650-1679. [PMID: 35403636 PMCID: PMC9063641 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01168e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cilia are microscopic hair-like external cell organelles that are ubiquitously present in nature, also within the human body. They fulfill crucial biological functions: motile cilia provide transportation of fluids and cells, and immotile cilia sense shear stress and concentrations of chemical species. Inspired by nature, scientists have developed artificial cilia mimicking the functions of biological cilia, aiming at application in microfluidic devices like lab-on-chip or organ-on-chip. By actuating the artificial cilia, for example by a magnetic field, an electric field, or pneumatics, microfluidic flow can be generated and particles can be transported. Other functions that have been explored are anti-biofouling and flow sensing. We provide a critical review of the progress in artificial cilia research and development as well as an evaluation of its future potential. We cover all aspects from fabrication approaches, actuation principles, artificial cilia functions - flow generation, particle transport and flow sensing - to applications. In addition to in-depth analyses of the current state of knowledge, we provide classifications of the different approaches and quantitative comparisons of the results obtained. We conclude that artificial cilia research is very much alive, with some concepts close to industrial implementation, and other developments just starting to open novel scientific opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Ul Islam
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ye Wang
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ishu Aggarwal
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zhiwei Cui
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hossein Eslami Amirabadi
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hemanshul Garg
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Kooi
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bhavana B Venkataramanachar
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tongsheng Wang
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Shuaizhong Zhang
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Patrick R Onck
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap M J den Toonder
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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6
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Li D, Liu X, Chai Y, Shan J, Xie Y, Liang Y, Huang S, Zheng W, Li Z. Point-of-care blood coagulation assay enabled by printed circuit board-based digital microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:709-716. [PMID: 35050293 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00981h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The monitoring of coagulation function has great implications in many clinical settings. However, existing coagulation assays are simplex, sample-consuming, and slow in turnaround, making them less suitable for point-of-care testing. In this work, we developed a novel blood coagulation assay that simultaneously assesses both the tendency of clotting and the stiffness of the resultant clot using printed circuit board (PCB)-based digital microfluidics. A drop of blood was actuated to move back and forth on the PCB electrode array, until the motion winded down as the blood coagulated and became thicker. The velocity tracing and the deformation of the clot were calculated via image analysis to reflect the coagulation progression and the clot stiffness, respectively. We investigated the effect of different hardware and biochemical settings on the assay results. To validate the assay, we performed assays on blood samples with hypo- and hyper-coagulability, and the results confirmed the assay's capability in distinguishing different blood samples. We then examined the correlation between the measured metrics in our assays and standard coagulation assays, namely prothrombin time and fibrinogen level, and the high correlation supported the clinical relevance of our assay. We envision that this method would serve as a powerful point-of-care coagulation testing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Faculty of Information Technology, Collaborative Laboratory for Intelligent Science and Systems and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
| | - Yujuan Chai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jieying Shan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yihan Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Faculty of Information Technology, Collaborative Laboratory for Intelligent Science and Systems and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
| | - Susu Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weidong Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zida Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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7
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Abstract
Cilia are hair-like microscopic structures present abundantly in our body and producing motions at the smallest scales. They perform a wide range of critical functions and are crucial for the normal functioning of our body. Abnormal functioning of cilia results in a number of diseases jointly known as ciliopathies. Artificially mimicking cilia is aimed at understanding their normal/abnormal functionality and at developing cilia-inspired micro-/nanoengineering devices. In this study, we present a magnetic polymer preparation process yielding a material with optimum properties and a cilia fabrication method producing the smallest highly motile artificial cilia with sizes equal to their biological counterparts. This opens avenues for biological studies and for creating submicrometer manipulation and control. Among the many complex bioactuators functioning at different scales, the organelle cilium represents a fundamental actuating unit in cellular biology. Producing motions at submicrometer scales, dominated by viscous forces, cilia drive a number of crucial bioprocesses in all vertebrate and many invertebrate organisms before and after their birth. Artificially mimicking motile cilia has been a long-standing challenge while inspiring the development of new materials and methods. The use of magnetic materials has been an effective approach for realizing microscopic artificial cilia; however, the physical and magnetic properties of the magnetic material constituents and fabrication processes utilized have almost exclusively only enabled the realization of highly motile artificial cilia with dimensions orders of magnitude larger than their biological counterparts. This has hindered the development and study of model systems and devices with inherent size-dependent aspects, as well as their application at submicrometer scales. In this work, we report a magnetic elastomer preparation process coupled with a tailored molding process for the successful fabrication of artificial cilia with submicrometer dimensions showing unprecedented deflection capabilities, enabling the design of artificial cilia with high motility and at sizes equal to those of their smallest biological counterparts. The reported work crosses the barrier of nanoscale motile cilia fabrication, paving the way for maximum control and manipulation of structures and processes at micro- and nanoscales.
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8
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Hartmann J, Murphy M, Dias JD. Viscoelastic Hemostatic Assays: Moving from the Laboratory to the Site of Care-A Review of Established and Emerging Technologies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10020118. [PMID: 32098161 PMCID: PMC7167835 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viscoelastic-based techniques to evaluate whole blood hemostasis have advanced substantially since they were first developed over 70 years ago but are still based upon the techniques first described by Dr. Hellmut Hartert in 1948. Today, the use of thromboelastography, the method of testing viscoelastic properties of blood coagulation, has moved out of the research laboratory and is now more widespread, used commonly during surgery, in emergency departments, intensive care units, and in labor wards. Thromboelastography is currently a rapidly growing field of technological advancement and is attracting significant investment. This review will first describe the history of the viscoelastic testing and the established first-generation devices, which were developed for use within the laboratory. This review will then describe the next-generation hemostasis monitoring devices, which were developed for use at the site of care for an expanding range of clinical applications. This review will then move on to experimental technologies, which promise to make viscoelastic testing more readily available in a wider range of clinical environments in the endeavor to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hartmann
- Haemonetics Corporation, Boston, MA 02110, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-781-348-7396
| | | | - Joao D. Dias
- Haemonetics SA, Signy CH, 1274 Signy-Centre, Switzerland;
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9
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Chen X, Wang M, Zhao G. Point-of-Care Assessment of Hemostasis with a Love-Mode Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor. ACS Sens 2020; 5:282-291. [PMID: 31903758 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring of the hemostasis status is essential for therapeutic anticoagulants, undergoing surgery, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Although the clinical values of conventional blood coagulation tests have been well demonstrated, these devices have limitations such as large and expensive equipment, excessive sample volumes, long turnaround times, and difficulty in miniaturization for point-of-care use. Here, we present a novel strategy to evaluate blood hemostasis using the single-port Love-mode surface acoustic wave (SLSAW) sensor. The SLSAW sensor was designed as a plug-and-play-type unit for disposable use and operated under the harmonic resonant mode to produce frequency response to the blood coagulation cascade. Compared with a quartz crystal microbalance, Lamb wave, and film bulk acoustic resonator, the frequency shift of SLSAW was significantly increased, ranging from approximately 8960 to 10 368 kHz, which indicated enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio. To demonstrate the feasibility of the SLSAW, studies were carried out to examine the effects of temperature and clotting reagents on coagulation times and kinetics. Activated partial thromboplastin times of plasma were validated by comparing with SYSMEX CA-7000 with the correlation (R2) as 0.996. In terms of coagulation kinetics, reaction time, clot formation time, maximum frequency shift, and clot formation rate of whole blood correlated well with corresponding parameters of the standard thromboelastography (TEG) analyzer (R2 = 0.9942, 0.9868, 0.9712, and 0.9939, respectively). The SLSAW sensor, with the advantages of low cost, small size, little sample consumption (1 μL), disposable use, and simple operation, is a promising tool for point-of-care diagnosis of hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
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10
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Al-Azawi A, Cenev Z, Tupasela T, Peng B, Ikkala O, Zhou Q, Jokinen V, Franssila S, Ras RHA. Tunable and Magnetic Thiol-ene Micropillar Arrays. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 41:e1900522. [PMID: 31778287 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tunable and responsive surfaces offer routes to multiple functionalities ranging from superhydrophobic surfaces to controlled adhesion. Inspired by cilia structure in the respiratory pathway, magnetically responsive periodic arrays of flexible and magnetic thiol-ene micropillars are fabricated. Omnidirectional collective bending of the pillar array in magnetic field is shown. Local non-contact actuation of a single pillar is achieved using an electromagnetic needle to probe the responsiveness and the elastic properties of the pillars by comparing the effect of thiol-ene crosslinking density to pillar bending. The suitable thiol-ene components for flexible and stiff magnetic micropillars and the workable range of thiol-to-allyl ratio are identified. The wettability of the magnetic pillars can be tailored by chemical and topography modification of the pillar surface. Low-surface-energy self-assembled monolayers are grafted by UV-assisted surface activation, which is also used for surface topography modification by covalent bonding of micro- and nanoparticles to the pillar surface. The modified thiol-ene micopillars are resistant to capillarity-driven collapse and they exhibit low contact angle hysteresis, allowing water droplet motion driven by repeated bending and recovery of the magnetic pillars in an external magnetic field. Transport of polyethylene microspheres is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Al-Azawi
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Zoran Cenev
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, P.O. Box 15500, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Topi Tupasela
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, P.O. Box 15500, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ville Jokinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Sami Franssila
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Robin H A Ras
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
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11
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Matellan C, Del Río Hernández AE. Where No Hand Has Gone Before: Probing Mechanobiology at the Cellular Level. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:3703-3719. [PMID: 33405886 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Physical forces and other mechanical stimuli are fundamental regulators of cell behavior and function. Cells are also biomechanically competent: they generate forces to migrate, contract, remodel, and sense their environment. As the knowledge of the mechanisms of mechanobiology increases, the need to resolve and probe increasingly small scales calls for novel technologies to mechanically manipulate cells, examine forces exerted by cells, and characterize cellular biomechanics. Here, we review novel methods to quantify cellular force generation, measure cell mechanical properties, and exert localized piconewton and nanonewton forces on cells, receptors, and proteins. The combination of these technologies will provide further insight on the effect of mechanical stimuli on cells and the mechanisms that convert these stimuli into biochemical and biomechanical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Matellan
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Armando E Del Río Hernández
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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12
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Microfluidic viscometry using magnetically actuated micropost arrays. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200345. [PMID: 30016366 PMCID: PMC6049921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe development of a microfluidic viscometer based on arrays of magnetically actuated micro-posts. Quantitative viscosities over a range of three orders of magnitude were determined for samples of less than 20 μL. This represents the first demonstration of quantitative viscometry using driven flexible micropost arrays. Critical to the success of our system is a comprehensive analytical model that includes the mechanical and magnetic properties of the actuating posts, the optical readout, and fluid-structure interactions. We found that alterations of the actuator beat shape as parameterized by the dimensionless “sperm number” must be taken into account to determine the fluid properties from the measured actuator dynamics. Beyond our particular system, the model described here can provide dynamics predictions for a broad class of flexible microactuator designs. We also show how the model can guide the design of new arrays that expand the accessible range of measurements.
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Maji D, Suster MA, Kucukal E, Sekhon UDS, Gupta AS, Gurkan UA, Stavrou EX, Mohseni P. ClotChip: A Microfluidic Dielectric Sensor for Point-of-Care Assessment of Hemostasis. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2017; 11:1459-1469. [PMID: 28920906 PMCID: PMC6091230 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2017.2739724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the design, fabrication, and testing of a microfluidic sensor for dielectric spectroscopy of human whole blood during coagulation. The sensor, termed ClotChip, employs a three-dimensional, parallel-plate, capacitive sensing structure with a floating electrode integrated into a microfluidic channel. Interfaced with an impedance analyzer, the ClotChip measures the complex relative dielectric permittivity, ϵr , of human whole blood in the frequency range of 40 Hz to 100 MHz. The temporal variation in the real part of the blood dielectric permittivity at 1 MHz features a time to reach a permittivity peak, , as well as a maximum change in permittivity after the peak, , as two distinct parameters of ClotChip readout. The ClotChip performance was benchmarked against rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) to evaluate the clinical utility of its readout parameters in capturing the clotting dynamics arising from coagulation factors and platelet activity. exhibited a very strong positive correlation ( r = 0.99, p < 0.0001) with the ROTEM clotting time parameter, whereas exhibited a strong positive correlation (r = 0.85, p < 0.001) with the ROTEM maximum clot firmness parameter. This paper demonstrates the ClotChip potential as a point-of-care platform to assess the complete hemostatic process using <10 μL of human whole blood.
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Maji D, Suster MA, Kucukal E, Gurkan UA, Stavrou EX, Mohseni P. A PMMA microfluidic dielectric sensor for blood coagulation monitoring at the point-of-care. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:291-294. [PMID: 28268334 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7590697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the design and construct of a fully biocompatible, microfluidic, dielectric sensor targeted at monitoring human whole blood coagulation at the point-of-care (POC). The sensor assembly procedure involves using sputtered electrodes in a microfluidic channel with a physiologically relevant height of 50μm to create a three-dimensional (3D), parallel-plate, capacitive sensing area. The sensor is constructed with biocompatible materials of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) for the substrate and titanium nitride (TiN) for the sensing and floating electrodes. The real part of the complex relative dielectric permittivity of human whole blood is measured from 10kHz to 100MHz using an impedance analyzer and under static conditions. The temporal variation in dielectric permittivity at 1MHz for human whole blood undergoing coagulation shows a peak in permittivity at 5 minutes, which closely matches our previously established results. This sensor can pave the way for monitoring blood coagulation under physiologically relevant shear flow rates in the future.
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Nayak S, Blumenfeld NR, Laksanasopin T, Sia SK. Point-of-Care Diagnostics: Recent Developments in a Connected Age. Anal Chem 2017; 89:102-123. [PMID: 27958710 PMCID: PMC5793870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Nayak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nicole R. Blumenfeld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Tassaneewan Laksanasopin
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Rd., Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Samuel K. Sia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Li Z, Li X, McCracken B, Shao Y, Ward K, Fu J. A Miniaturized Hemoretractometer for Blood Clot Retraction Testing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:3926-34. [PMID: 27248117 PMCID: PMC4980575 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Blood coagulation is a critical hemostatic process that must be properly regulated to maintain a delicate balance between bleeding and clotting. Disorders of blood coagulation can expose patients to the risk of either bleeding disorders or thrombotic diseases. Coagulation diagnostics using whole blood is very promising for assessing the complexity of the coagulation system and for global measurements of hemostasis. Despite the clinic values that existing whole blood coagulation tests have demonstrated, these systems have significant limitations that diminish their potential for point-of-care applications. Here, recent advancements in device miniaturization using functional soft materials are leveraged to develop a miniaturized clot retraction force assay device termed mHemoRetractoMeter (mHRM). The mHRM is capable of precise measurements of dynamic clot retraction forces in real time using minute amounts of whole blood. To further demonstrate the clinical utility of the mHRM, systematic studies are conducted using the mHRM to examine the effects of assay temperature, treatments of clotting agents, and pro- and anti-coagulant drugs on clot retraction force developments of whole blood samples. The mHRM's low fabrication cost, small size, and consumption of only minute amounts of blood samples make the technology promising as a point-of-care tool for future coagulation monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zida Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Brendan McCracken
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA, Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Yue Shao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Kevin Ward
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA, Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA, Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Lee JS, Kaibara M, O'Rear EA. Heterogeneous phase fibrinolysis rates by damped oscillation rheometry. Biorheology 2016; 53:81-92. [PMID: 27472840 DOI: 10.3233/bir-15089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Devices gauging viscoelastic properties of blood during coagulation like the thromboelastograph support fundamental research as well as point of care needs. Associated fibrinolysis data are based on endogenous species or plasminogen activator added to a homogeneous sample prior to clot formation. Digestion in a monolithic structure differs from the physical situation of thrombolytic therapy where surface reactions dominate. OBJECTIVE This study aims to develop rheological testing for heterogeneous phase fibrinolysis. METHOD Fibrinolysis rates were determined by phase change of a solid clot induced by autologous plasma/streptokinase (SK) in a rheometer sensitive to viscous damping. RESULTS Initial slope or overall change in the logarithmic damping factor indicated fibrinolytic rates. Rates depended on clot geometry, phase volumes, clot composition and SK concentration. CONCLUSION The damped oscillation rheometer can be adapted to determine relative rates of heterogeneous fibrinolysis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Suk Lee
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Makoto Kaibara
- The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Edgar A O'Rear
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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