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Dean TT, Jelú-Reyes J, Allen AC, Moore TW. Peptide-Drug Conjugates: An Emerging Direction for the Next Generation of Peptide Therapeutics. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1641-1661. [PMID: 38277480 PMCID: PMC10922862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Building on recent advances in peptide science, medicinal chemists have developed a hybrid class of bioconjugates, called peptide-drug conjugates, that demonstrate improved efficacy compared to peptides and small molecules independently. In this Perspective, we discuss how the conjugation of synergistic peptides and small molecules can be used to overcome complex disease states and resistance mechanisms that have eluded contemporary therapies because of their multi-component activity. We highlight how peptide-drug conjugates display a multi-factor therapeutic mechanism similar to that of antibody-drug conjugates but also demonstrate improved therapeutic properties such as less-severe off-target effects and conjugation strategies with greater site-specificity. The many considerations that go into peptide-drug conjugate design and optimization, such as peptide/small-molecule pairing and chemo-selective chemistries, are discussed. We also examine several peptide-drug conjugate series that demonstrate notable activity toward complex disease states such as neurodegenerative disorders and inflammation, as well as viral and bacterial targets with established resistance mechanisms.
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Semenenko OM, Lipson VV, Sadchenko AO, Vashchenko OV, Kasian NA, Sviechnikova LV, Lisetski LM, Babak ML, Vakula VM, Borysov OV, Holota YV, Zozulya SO, Borysko PO, Mazepa OV. Synthesis of methotrexate-betulonic acid hybrids and evaluation of their effect on artificial and Caco-2 cell membranes. Steroids 2024; 201:109332. [PMID: 37939980 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
An efficient protocol for the synthesis of novel methotrexate-betulonic acid hybrids with a (tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3,6-dioxa-8-octanamine (Boc-DOOA) linkage has been developed. Reaction of N-(2-(2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)-betulonamide with methotrexate resulted in a mixture of isomeric conjugates which were separated by column chromatography. Their structures and composition have been fully established by 1H NMR, 13C spectra, FAB mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The identity of conjugates was confirmed by LC-MS data. Membranotropic properties of the new hybrids were assessed on the basis of their interactions with artificial lipid membranes by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. The ability of the conjugates to penetrate Caco-2 cells is inferior to methotrexate. Probably, this is due to the increasing lipophilicity, the affinity of these hybrid molecules for the lipid bilayer increases, which is confirmed by experiments with artificial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olexander M Semenenko
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals" NAS of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 60, 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Victoria V Lipson
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals" NAS of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 60, 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine; Medicinal Chemistry Department, State Institution "V.Ya. Danilevsky Institute for Endocrine Pathology Problems" NAMS of Ukraine, Alchevskih St., 10, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; Organic Chemistry Department, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody Sq., 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Alina O Sadchenko
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals" NAS of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 60, 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Olga V Vashchenko
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals" NAS of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 60, 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Natalia A Kasian
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals" NAS of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 60, 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Liliia V Sviechnikova
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals" NAS of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 60, 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Longin M Lisetski
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals" NAS of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 60, 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Mykola L Babak
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals" NAS of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 60, 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr M Vakula
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals" NAS of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 60, 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine; Medicinal Chemistry Department, State Institution "V.Ya. Danilevsky Institute for Endocrine Pathology Problems" NAMS of Ukraine, Alchevskih St., 10, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | | | - Olexander V Mazepa
- A. V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute NAS of Ukraine, Lustdorfska Road, 86, 65080 Odesa, Ukraine
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Lombrea A, Watz CG, Bora L, Dehelean CA, Diaconeasa Z, Dinu S, Turks M, Lugiņina J, Peipiņš U, Danciu C. Enhanced Cytotoxicity and Antimelanoma Activity of Novel Semisynthetic Derivatives of Betulinic Acid with Indole Conjugation. Plants (Basel) 2023; 13:36. [PMID: 38202344 PMCID: PMC10780819 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence and severity of skin cancer, specifically malignant melanoma, among Caucasians remains a significant concern. Natural compounds from plants have long been explored as potential anticancer agents. Betulinic acid (BI) has shown promise in its therapeutic properties, including its anticancer effects. However, its limited bioavailability has hindered its medicinal applications. To address this issue, two recently synthesized semisynthetic derivatives, N-(2,3-indolo-betulinoyl)diglycylglycine (BA1) and N-(2,3-indolo-betulinoyl)glycylglycine (BA2), were compared with previously reported compounds N-(2,3-indolo-betulinoyl)glycine (BA3), 2,3-indolo-betulinic acid (BA4), and BI. These compounds were evaluated for their effects on murine melanoma cells (B164A5) using various in vitro assays. The introduction of an indole framework at the C2 position of BI resulted in an increased cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of compound BA4 was enhanced by conjugating its carboxylic group with an amino acid residue. BA2 and BA3, with glycine and glycylglycine residues at C28, exhibited approximately 2.20-fold higher inhibitory activity compared to BA4. The safety assessment of the compounds on human keratinocytes (HaCaT) has revealed that concentrations up to 10 µM slightly reduced cell viability, while concentrations of 75 µM resulted in lower cell viability rates. LDH leakage assays confirmed cell membrane damage in B164A5 cells when exposed to the tested compounds. BA2 and BA3 exhibited the highest LDH release, indicating their strong cytotoxicity. The NR assay revealed dose-dependent lysosome disruption for BI and 2,3-indolo-betulinic acid derivatives, with BA1, BA2, and BA3 showing the most cytotoxic effects. Scratch assays demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of cell migration, with BA2 and BA3 being the most effective. Hoechst 3342 staining revealed that BA2 induced apoptosis, while BA3 induced necrosis at lower concentrations, confirming their anti-melanoma properties. In conclusion, the semisynthetic derivatives of BI, particularly BA2 and BA3, show promise as potential candidates for further research in developing effective anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Lombrea
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.L.); (L.B.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Claudia Geanina Watz
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Larisa Bora
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.L.); (L.B.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Zorita Diaconeasa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Biotechnology, BIODIATECH—Research Centre for Applied Biotechnology in Diagnosis and Molecular Therapy, 400478 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stefania Dinu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 9 No., Revolutiei Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Pediatric Dentistry Research Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 9 No., Revolutiei Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Māris Turks
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (M.T.); (J.L.); (U.P.)
| | - Jevgeņija Lugiņina
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (M.T.); (J.L.); (U.P.)
| | - Uldis Peipiņš
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (M.T.); (J.L.); (U.P.)
- Nature Science Technologies Ltd., Rupnicu Str. 4, LV-2114 Olaine, Latvia
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.L.); (L.B.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
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Galaiko NV, Beloglazova YA, Grishko VV. Synthesis and Intramolecular Cyclization of 2,3-Seco-Lupane Triterpenoids with an Ethylketone Fragment. Chem Nat Compd 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-023-03925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Rárová L, Pakulski Z, Strnad M, Kvasnicová M, Štenclová T, Cmoch P. Effect of modification of betulinic acid at the C3-carbon atom of homolupane triterpenoids on the antiproliferative activity in vitro. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 224:106161. [PMID: 35932956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In search of new cytotoxic derivatives based on the lupane scaffold, methyl betulonate and methyl 20,29-dihydrobetulonate were conjugated with Reformatsky reagents to provide homolupanes extended at the C3-carbon atom. Further transformations of the functional groups afforded a series of derivatives with 2-hydroxyethyl and allyl alcohol moieties. Their varying antiproliferative activity in vitro was then investigated in four cancer cell lines and in normal human BJ fibroblasts. In cervical carcinoma HeLa cells, derivatives 5, 6 and 17 were the most promising with lower micromolar IC50s and no toxicity to fibroblasts, thus showing a high therapeutic index. In addition, induction of apoptosis was found in HeLa cells after 24 h treatment with compounds 5, 6, 13 and 29. This newly synthesized series is more interesting than the published lupane and homolupane triterpenes and saponins, due to their nontoxicity towards healthy human cells and stronger cytotoxicity to various cancer cell lines. This approach increases their potential as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Rárová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Zbigniew Pakulski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Kvasnicová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Štenclová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Piotr Cmoch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Semenova MD, Popov SA, Sorokina IV, Meshkova YV, Baev DS, Tolstikova TG, Shults EE. Conjugates of Lupane Triterpenoids with Arylpyrimidines: Synthesis and Anti-inflammatory Activity. Steroids 2022; 184:109042. [PMID: 35580647 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Semisynthetic triterpenoid betulonic acid is of significant interest due to its biological activity and synthetic application. In this study, we report the synthesis of hybrid compounds, containing betulonic acid carboxamide and arylpyrimidine fragments. A total of 15 conjugates were prepared using the cyclocondensation reaction of new terpenoid alkynyl ketones with amidinium salts. The main synthetic approach to betulonic acid amide-derived alkynylketones was based on the cross-coupling reaction of N-(4-ethynylphenyl)- or N-(2-(4-ethynylphenyl)-1-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl)- substituted betulonic acid carboxamide with aroylchlorides. Cyclocondensation of alkynones with amidine or guanidine hydrochlorides by reflux in MeCN in the presence of K2CO3 led to the formation of terpenoid pyrimidine hybrids in 52-89% isolated yield. Anti-inflammatory properties of new type of triterpenoid-pyrimidine conjugates were studied using the histamine- and concanavalin A- induced mouse paw edema models. In a model of acute inflammation betulonic acid amide-arylpyrimidines containing a 4-fluorophenyl substituent at the C-6 position of pyrimidine ring exhibited significant and selective anti-inflammatory activity. Compounds containing the 4-bromophenyl- substituent in the pyrimidine ring revealed selective anti-inflammatory activity in the model of immunogenic inflammation (concanavalin-A model). It should be noted that the methoxycarbonyl substituted ethane link between pharmacophore ligands (betulonic acid carboxamide and arylpyrimidine) has a significant effect on anti-inflammatory activity in both in vivo models of inflammation. It was shown by molecular docking that the new derivatives are incorporated into the binding site of the protein Keap1 Kelch-domain by their pyrimidine substituent with the formation of more non-covalent bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Semenova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrent'ev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A Popov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrent'ev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V Sorokina
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrent'ev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia V Meshkova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrent'ev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry S Baev
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrent'ev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana G Tolstikova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrent'ev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elvira E Shults
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrent'ev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
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Yin Y, Sheng L, Zhang J, Zhang L, Liu J, Wen X, Liu Y, Si Y, Cheng K. Synthesis and in Vitro/in Vivo Anticancer Evaluation of Pentacyclic Triterpenoid Derivatives Linked with L-Phenylalanine or L-Proline. Bioorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sultani HN, Morgan I, Hussain H, Roos AH, Haeri HH, Kaluđerović GN, Hinderberger D, Westermann B. Access to New Cytotoxic Triterpene and Steroidal Acid-TEMPO Conjugates by Ugi Multicomponent-Reactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137125. [PMID: 34281176 PMCID: PMC8268079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions, especially the Ugi-four component reaction (U-4CR), provide powerful protocols to efficiently access compounds having potent biological and pharmacological effects. Thus, a diverse library of betulinic acid (BA), fusidic acid (FA), cholic acid (CA) conjugates with TEMPO (nitroxide) have been prepared using this approach, which also makes them applicable in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Moreover, convertible amide modified spin-labelled fusidic acid derivatives were selected for post-Ugi modification utilizing a wide range of reaction conditions which kept the paramagnetic center intact. The nitroxide labelled betulinic acid analogue 6 possesses cytotoxic effects towards two investigated cell lines: prostate cancer PC3 (IC50 7.4 ± 0.7 μM) and colon cancer HT29 (IC50 9.0 ± 0.4 μM). Notably, spin-labelled fusidic acid derivative 8 acts strongly against these two cancer cell lines (PC3: IC50 6.0 ± 1.1 μM; HT29: IC50 7.4 ± 0.6 μM). Additionally, another fusidic acid analogue 9 was also found to be active towards HT29 with IC50 7.0 ± 0.3 μM (CV). Studies on the mode of action revealed that compound 8 increased the level of caspase-3 significantly which clearly indicates induction of apoptosis by activation of the caspase pathway. Furthermore, the exclusive mitochondria targeting of compound 18 was successfully achieved, since mitochondria are the major source of ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider N. Sultani
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany; (H.N.S.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (G.N.K.)
| | - Ibrahim Morgan
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany; (H.N.S.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (G.N.K.)
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany; (H.N.S.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (G.N.K.)
| | - Andreas H. Roos
- Physical Chemistry—Complex Self-Organizing Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.R.); (H.H.H.); (D.H.)
| | - Haleh H. Haeri
- Physical Chemistry—Complex Self-Organizing Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.R.); (H.H.H.); (D.H.)
| | - Goran N. Kaluđerović
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany; (H.N.S.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (G.N.K.)
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Strasse 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Physical Chemistry—Complex Self-Organizing Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.R.); (H.H.H.); (D.H.)
| | - Bernhard Westermann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany; (H.N.S.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (G.N.K.)
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-5582-1340; Fax: +49-345-5582-1309
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Lugiņina J, Linden M, Bazulis M, Kumpiņš V, Mishnev A, Popov SA, Golubeva TS, Waldvogel SR, Shults EE, Turks M. Electrosynthesis of Stable Betulin‐Derived Nitrile Oxides and their Application in Synthesis of Cytostatic Lupane‐Type Triterpenoid‐Isoxazole Conjugates. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jevgeņija Lugiņina
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry RigaTechnical University P. Valdena Str.3 Riga 1007 Latvia
| | - Martin Linden
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Māris Bazulis
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry RigaTechnical University P. Valdena Str.3 Riga 1007 Latvia
| | - Viktors Kumpiņš
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry RigaTechnical University P. Valdena Str.3 Riga 1007 Latvia
| | - Anatoly Mishnev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Aizkraukles Str. 21 Riga 1006 Latvia
| | - Sergey A. Popov
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry Academician Lavrentjev Ave. 9 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Tatiana S. Golubeva
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics Acad. Lavrentyev Ave., 10 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Elvira E. Shults
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry Academician Lavrentjev Ave. 9 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Māris Turks
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry RigaTechnical University P. Valdena Str.3 Riga 1007 Latvia
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Lombrea A, Scurtu AD, Avram S, Pavel IZ, Turks M, Lugiņina J, Peipiņš U, Dehelean CA, Soica C, Danciu C. Anticancer Potential of Betulonic Acid Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3676. [PMID: 33916089 PMCID: PMC8037575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials have evidenced that several natural compounds, belonging to the phytochemical classes of alkaloids, terpenes, phenols and flavonoids, are effective for the management of various types of cancer. Latest research has proven that natural products and their semisynthetic variants may serve as a starting point for new drug candidates with a diversity of biological and pharmacological activities, designed to improve bioavailability, overcome cellular resistance, and enhance therapeutic efficacy. This review was designed to bring an update regarding the anticancer potential of betulonic acid and its semisynthetic derivatives. Chemical derivative structures of betulonic acid including amide, thiol, and piperidine groups, exert an amplification of the in vitro anticancer potential of betulonic acid. With the need for more mechanistic and in vivo data, some derivatives of betulonic acids may represent promising anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Lombrea
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.L.); (S.A.); (I.Z.P.); (C.D.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.A.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Alexandra Denisa Scurtu
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.A.D.); (C.S.)
- Department of Toxicology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stefana Avram
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.L.); (S.A.); (I.Z.P.); (C.D.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.A.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Ioana Zinuca Pavel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.L.); (S.A.); (I.Z.P.); (C.D.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.A.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Māris Turks
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (M.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Jevgeņija Lugiņina
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (M.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Uldis Peipiņš
- Nature Science Technologies Ltd., Saules Str. 19, LV-3601 Ventspils, Latvia;
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.A.D.); (C.S.)
- Department of Toxicology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Codruta Soica
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.A.D.); (C.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.L.); (S.A.); (I.Z.P.); (C.D.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.A.D.); (C.S.)
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11
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Konysheva AV, Eroshenko DV, Grishko VV. Synthesis, Cyclization, and Cytotoxic Activity of 2,3-Secolupane Triterpenoids With an Ethylketone Fragment. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19878919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Ethyl substituted triterpenoids with a fragmented and 5-membered A ring were synthesized from the lupane ketoxime via the Beckmann reaction and intramolecular oxonitrile cyclization, respectively. Transformations of the triterpenic isopropylidene fragment with the formation of C(30) and C(20) modified derivatives were performed by either allylic C(30) oxidation or ozonolytic cleavage of the C(20)-C(29) double bond. Antitumor activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,3-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide test against 7 human cancer cell lines. Methyl 1-cyano-3-ethyl-3-oxo-2,3-seco-2-norlup-20(29)-en-30-al-28-oate (4), methyl 3-[1-bromoethyl]-1-cyano-3-oxo-2,3-seco-2-norlup-20(29)-en-30-al-28-oate (6), and methyl 1-cyano-3-ethyl-2-norlup-1(3),20(29)-dien-30-al-28-oate (9) were selected as compounds with highest cytotoxicity (IC50 1.38-15.91 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V. Konysheva
- Institute of Technical Chemistry of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm Federal Scientific Centre, Russia
| | - Daria V. Eroshenko
- Institute of Technical Chemistry of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm Federal Scientific Centre, Russia
| | - Victoria V. Grishko
- Institute of Technical Chemistry of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm Federal Scientific Centre, Russia
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12
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Popov SA, Semenova MD, Baev DS, Sorokina IV, Zhukova NA, Frolova TS, Tolstikova TG, Shults EE, Turks M. Lupane-type conjugates with aminoacids, 1,3,4- oxadiazole and 1,2,5-oxadiazole-2-oxide derivatives: Synthesis, anti-inflammatory activity and in silico evaluation of target affinity. Steroids 2019; 150:108443. [PMID: 31295462 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
With the purpose to improve anti-inflammatory activity, the impact of introduction of 1,2,5- and 1,3,4-oxadiazole fragments to betulonic acid core as well as hybrids tethered with short ω-amino acids has been studied. The anti-inflammatory activity of synthesized compounds was tested in vivo using models of inflammation induced by concanavalin A and histamine. The majority of new compounds demonstrated higher anti-inflammatory activity compared with starting betulonic acid. To confirm the molecular targets of new derivatives in NRf2 and NFκB pathways the docking at Kelch and BTB active sites of Keap1 as well as IKK was done. The novelty of the present work is the development of new class of low toxic anti-inflammatory substances consisting of amino acid-linked betulonic acid - oxadiazole conjugates. These compounds can be considered as prospective chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Popov
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Acad. Lavrentyev ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Marya D Semenova
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Acad. Lavrentyev ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Baev
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Acad. Lavrentyev ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Irina V Sorokina
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Acad. Lavrentyev ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Natalya A Zhukova
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Acad. Lavrentyev ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Tatyana S Frolova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Acad. Lavrentyev Ave., 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Street 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana G Tolstikova
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Acad. Lavrentyev ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elvira E Shults
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Acad. Lavrentyev ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Māris Turks
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, Riga LV-1048, Latvia
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Sousa JLC, Freire CSR, Silvestre AJD, Silva AMS. Recent Developments in the Functionalization of Betulinic Acid and Its Natural Analogues: A Route to New Bioactive Compounds. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020355. [PMID: 30669472 PMCID: PMC6359067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) and its natural analogues betulin (BN), betulonic (BoA), and 23-hydroxybetulinic (HBA) acids are lupane-type pentacyclic triterpenoids. They are present in many plants and display important biological activities. This review focuses on the chemical transformations used to functionalize BA/BN/BoA/HBA in order to obtain new derivatives with improved biological activity, covering the period since 2013 to 2018. It is divided by the main chemical transformations reported in the literature, including amination, esterification, alkylation, sulfonation, copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition, palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling, hydroxylation, and aldol condensation reactions. In addition, the synthesis of heterocycle-fused BA/HBA derivatives and polymer‒BA conjugates are also addressed. The new derivatives are mainly used as antitumor agents, but there are other biological applications such as antimalarial activity, drug delivery, bioimaging, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana L C Sousa
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Carmen S R Freire
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | | | - Artur M S Silva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Khusnutdinova EF, Petrova AV, Faskhutdinova LN, Kukovinets OS. 1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives Based on Glycine and Phenylalanine Amides and Triterpene Acids. Russ J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428018040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Khusnutdinova EF, Apryshko GN, Petrova AV, Kukovinets OS, Kazakova OB. The Synthesis and Selective Cytotoxicity of New Mannich Bases, Derivatives of 19- and 28-Alkynyltriterpenoids. Russ J Bioorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162018010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Krishna C, Bhargavi MV, Krupadanam GLD. Design, Synthesis, and Cytotoxicity of Semisynthetic Betulinic Acid-1,2,4-Oxadiazole Amide Derivatives. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Yamansarov EY, Kazakova OB, Medvedeva NI, Lobov AN, Suponitsky KY. Synthesis of triterpenoid-based ring-A azepanone and gem-3-nitro-3-chloro- derivatives by ozonolysis of 3-oximino-28-oxoallobetulin under normal and acidic solvolysis conditions. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Sidova V, Zoufaly P, Pokorny J, Dzubak P, Hajduch M, Popa I, Urban M. Cytotoxic conjugates of betulinic acid and substituted triazoles prepared by Huisgen Cycloaddition from 30-azidoderivatives. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171621. [PMID: 28158265 PMCID: PMC5291411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we describe synthesis of conjugates of betulinic acid with substituted triazoles prepared via Huisgen 1,3-cycloaddition. All compounds contain free 28-COOH group. Allylic bromination of protected betulinic acid by NBS gave corresponding 30-bromoderivatives, their substitution with sodium azides produced 30-azidoderivatives and these azides were subjected to CuI catalysed Huisgen 1,3-cycloaddition to give the final conjugates. Reactions had moderate to high yields. All new compounds were tested for their in vitro cytotoxic activities on eight cancer and two non-cancer cell lines. The most active compounds were conjugates of 3β-O-acetylbetulinic acid and among them, conjugate with triazole substituted by benzaldehyde 9b was the best with IC50 of 3.3 μM and therapeutic index of 9.1. Five compounds in this study had IC50 below 10 μM and inhibited DNA and RNA synthesis and caused block in G0/G1 cell cycle phase which is highly similar to actinomycin D. It is unusual that here prepared 3β-O-acetates were more active than compounds with the free 3-OH group and this suggests that this set may have common mechanism of action that is different from the mechanism of action of previously known 3β-O-acetoxybetulinic acid derivatives. Benzaldehyde type conjugate 9b is the best candidate for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Sidova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Zoufaly
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pokorny
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dzubak
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Popa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Urban
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Challa K, Bhargavi MV, Krupadanam GLD. Design, semisynthesis and cytotoxic activity of novel ester derivatives of betulinic acid-1,2,4 oxadiazoles. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2016; 18:1158-1168. [PMID: 27314626 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2016.1196193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Taking into consideration of the biological activity of betulinic acid derivatives containing a oxadiazole ring, the semisynthetic betulinic acid-1,2,4-oxadiazole esters (14-25) were synthesized starting from betulinic acid (1) and 5-(bromomethyl)-3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles (2-13) and final compounds were tested for cytotoxic activity on three human cancer cell lines in vitro. All tested compounds showed good cytotoxic activity. The structures of synthesized compounds are established based on infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Challa
- a Department of Chemistry , Osmania University , Hyderabad 500068 , India
| | - M Vijaya Bhargavi
- b Faculty of Technology, Department of Pharmacy , Osmania University , Hyderabad 500068 , India
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Gorbunov A, Sokolova N, Kudryashova E, Nenajdenko V, Kovalev V, Vatsouro I. Chiral Heteroditopic Baskets Designed from Triazolated Calixarenes and Short Peptides. Chemistry 2016; 22:12415-23. [PMID: 27444143 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cone calix[4]arenes and calix[6]arenes bearing two, three, and four short peptide units each having two chiral carbon atoms were prepared. The syntheses were performed by using an efficient modular approach that includes the Ugi preparation of the azido-peptide followed by its reactions with the propargylated calixarenes under CuAAC (Cu(I) -catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition) conditions. The three novel multitopic hosts were probed for their ability to bind metal ions by UV titration, and showed the highest complexation efficiency towards copper(II) and lead(II). These two cations possessed quite different complexation modes with copper(II) bound predominantly by multiple-triazole sites, in contrast to lead(II), which is stabilized mainly by multiple interactions with amide groups of the peptide units. Circular dichroism data for the free chiral hosts, their equimolar mixtures with copper(II) perchlorate and lead(II) perchlorate, and for tertiary mixtures of all three compounds showed the formation of mono- and binuclear complexes, or a switching behavior, depending on the structure of the host and the addition order of the cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gorbunov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Sokolova
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Kudryashova
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentine Nenajdenko
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kovalev
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Vatsouro
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
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Medina-O'Donnell M, Rivas F, Reyes-Zurita FJ, Martinez A, Martin-Fonseca S, Garcia-Granados A, Ferrer-Martín RM, Lupiañez JA, Parra A. Semi-synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of PEGylated pentacyclic triterpenes. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 118:64-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Spivak AY, Gubaidullin RR, Galimshina ZR, Nedopekina DA, Odinokov VN. Effective synthesis of novel C(2)-propargyl derivatives of betulinic and ursolic acids and their conjugation with β-d-glucopyranoside azides via click chemistry. Tetrahedron 2016; 72:1249-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Ghochikyan TV, Muzalevskiy VM, Samvelyan MA, Galstyan AS, Nenajdenko VG. Efficient synthesis of triazole-containing spiro dilactones. Mendeleev Communications 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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