1
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Elitt CM, Ross MM, Wang J, Fahrni CJ, Rosenberg PA. Developmental regulation of zinc homeostasis in differentiating oligodendrocytes. Neurosci Lett 2024; 831:137727. [PMID: 38467270 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes develop through sequential stages and understanding pathways regulating their differentiation remains an important area of investigation. Zinc is required for the function of enzymes, proteins and transcription factors, including those important in myelination and mitosis. Our previous studies using the ratiometric zinc sensor chromis-1 demonstrated a reduction in intracellular free zinc concentrations in mature MBP+ oligodendrocytes compared with earlier stages (Bourassa et al., 2018). We performed a more detailed developmental study to better understand the temporal course of zinc homeostasis across the oligodendrocyte lineage. Using chromis-1, we found a transient increase in free zinc after O4+,O1- pre-oligodendrocytes were switched from proliferation medium into terminal differentiation medium. To gather other evidence for dynamic regulation of free zinc during oligodendrocyte development, qPCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression of major zinc storage proteins metallothioneins (MTs) and metal regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF1), which controls expression of MTs. MT1, MT2 and MTF1 mRNAs were increased several fold in mature oligodendrocytes compared to oligodendrocytes in proliferation medium. To assess the depth of the zinc buffer, we assayed zinc release from intracellular stores using the oxidizing thiol reagent 2,2'-dithiodipyridine (DTDP). Exposure to DTDP resulted in ∼ 100% increase in free zinc in pre-oligodendrocytes but, paradoxically more modest ∼ 60% increase in mature oligodendrocytes despite increased expression of MTs. These results suggest that zinc homeostasis is regulated during oligodendrocyte development, that oligodendrocytes are a useful model for studying zinc homeostasis in the central nervous system, and that regulation of zinc homeostasis may be important in oligodendrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Elitt
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Madeline M Ross
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jianlin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Christoph J Fahrni
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Paul A Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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2
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Chai X, Chen X, Yan T, Zhao Q, Hu B, Jiang Z, Guo W, Zhang Y. Intestinal Barrier Impairment Induced by Gut Microbiome and Its Metabolites in School-Age Children with Zinc Deficiency. Nutrients 2024; 16:1289. [PMID: 38732540 PMCID: PMC11085614 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc deficiency affects the physical and intellectual development of school-age children, while studies on the effects on intestinal microbes and metabolites in school-age children have not been reported. School-age children were enrolled to conduct anthropometric measurements and serum zinc and serum inflammatory factors detection, and children were divided into a zinc deficiency group (ZD) and control group (CK) based on the results of serum zinc. Stool samples were collected to conduct metagenome, metabolome, and diversity analysis, and species composition analysis, functional annotation, and correlation analysis were conducted to further explore the function and composition of the gut flora and metabolites of children with zinc deficiency. Beta-diversity analysis revealed a significantly different gut microbial community composition between ZD and CK groups. For instance, the relative abundances of Phocaeicola vulgatus, Alistipes putredinis, Bacteroides uniformis, Phocaeicola sp000434735, and Coprococcus eutactus were more enriched in the ZD group, while probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense showed the reverse trend. The functional profile of intestinal flora was also under the influence of zinc deficiency, as reflected by higher levels of various glycoside hydrolases in the ZD group. In addition, saccharin, the pro-inflammatory metabolites, and taurocholic acid, the potential factor inducing intestinal leakage, were higher in the ZD group. In conclusion, zinc deficiency may disturb the gut microbiome community and metabolic function profile of school-age children, potentially affecting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Chai
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.C.); (X.C.); (T.Y.); (Q.Z.); (B.H.); (Z.J.)
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.C.); (X.C.); (T.Y.); (Q.Z.); (B.H.); (Z.J.)
| | - Tenglong Yan
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.C.); (X.C.); (T.Y.); (Q.Z.); (B.H.); (Z.J.)
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.C.); (X.C.); (T.Y.); (Q.Z.); (B.H.); (Z.J.)
| | - Binshuo Hu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.C.); (X.C.); (T.Y.); (Q.Z.); (B.H.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zhongquan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.C.); (X.C.); (T.Y.); (Q.Z.); (B.H.); (Z.J.)
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.C.); (X.C.); (T.Y.); (Q.Z.); (B.H.); (Z.J.)
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3
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Klost M, Keil C, Gurikov P. Dried Porous Biomaterials from Mealworm Protein Gels: Proof of Concept and Impact of Drying Method on Structural Properties and Zinc Retention. Gels 2024; 10:275. [PMID: 38667694 PMCID: PMC11049402 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dried porous materials can be found in a wide range of applications. So far, they are mostly prepared from inorganic or indigestible raw materials. The aim of the presented study was to provide a proof of concept for (a) the suitability of mealworm protein gels to be turned into dried porous biomaterials by either a combination of solvent exchange and supercritical drying to obtain aerogels or by lyophilization to obtain lyophilized hydrogels and (b) the suitability of either drying method to retain trace elements such as zinc in the gels throughout the drying process. Hydrogels were prepared from mealworm protein, subsequently dried using either method, and characterized via FT-IR, BET volume, and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. Retention of zinc was evaluated via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results showed that both drying methods were suitable for obtaining dried porous biomaterials and that the drying method mainly influenced the overall surface area and pore hydrophobicity but not the secondary structure of the proteins in the gels or their zinc content after drying. Therefore, a first proof of concept for utilizing mealworm protein hydrogels as a base for dried porous biomaterials was successful and elucidated the potential of these materials as future sustainable alternatives to more conventional dried porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Klost
- Faculty III Process Sciences, Institute for Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Department of Food Technology and Food Material Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Claudia Keil
- Faculty III Process Sciences, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Pavel Gurikov
- Laboratory for Development and Modelling of Novel Nanoporous Materials, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
- aerogel-it GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 1, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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4
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Kocyła AM, Czogalla A, Wessels I, Rink L, Krężel A. A combined biochemical and cellular approach reveals Zn 2+-dependent hetero- and homodimeric CD4 and Lck assemblies in T cells. Structure 2024; 32:292-303.e7. [PMID: 38157858 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The CD4 or CD8 co-receptors' interaction with the protein-tyrosine kinase Lck initiates the tyrosine phosphorylation cascade leading to T cell activation. A critical question is: to what extent are co-receptors and Lck coupled? Our contribution concerns Zn2+, indispensable for CD4- and CD8-Lck formation. We combined biochemical and cellular approaches to show that dynamic fluctuations of free Zn2+ in physiological ranges influence Zn(CD4)2 and Zn(CD4)(Lck) species formation and their ratio, although the same Zn(Cys)2(Cys)2 cores. Moreover, we demonstrated that the affinity of Zn2+ to CD4 and CD4-Lck species differs significantly. Increased intracellular free Zn2+ concentration in T cells causes higher CD4 partitioning in the plasma membrane. We additionally found that CD4 palmitoylation decreases the specificity of CD4-Lck formation in the reconstituted membrane model. Our findings help elucidate co-receptor-Lck coupling stoichiometry and demonstrate that intracellular free Zn2+ has a major role in the interplay between CD4 dimers and CD4-Lck assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Kocyła
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Inga Wessels
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Artur Krężel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Zheng H, Zhang H, Zhong J, Gucwa M, Zhang Y, Ma H, Deng L, Mao L, Minor W, Wang N. PinMyMetal: A hybrid learning system to accurately model metal binding sites in macromolecules. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3908734. [PMID: 38463967 PMCID: PMC10925427 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3908734/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Metal ions are vital components in many proteins for the inference and engineering of protein function, with coordination complexity linked to structural (4-residue predominate), catalytic (3-residue predominate), or regulatory (2-residue predominate) roles. Computational tools for modeling metal ions in protein structures, especially for transient, reversible, and concentration-dependent regulatory sites, remain immature. We present PinMyMetal (PMM), a sophisticated hybrid machine learning system for predicting zinc ion localization and environment in macromolecular structures. Compared to other predictors, PMM excels in predicting regulatory sites (median deviation of 0.34 Å), demonstrating superior accuracy in locating catalytic sites (median deviation of 0.27 Å) and structural sites (median deviation of 0.14 Å). PMM assigns a certainty score to each predicted site based on local structural and physicochemical features independent of homolog presence. Interactive validation through our server, CheckMyMetal, expands PMM's scope, enabling it to pinpoint and validates diverse functional zinc sites from different structure sources (predicted structures, cryo-EM and crystallography). This facilitates residue-wise assessment and robust metal binding site design. The lightweight PMM system demands minimal computing resources and is available at https://PMM.biocloud.top. While currently trained on zinc, the PMM workflow can easily adapt to other metals through expanded training data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lei Deng
- Hunan University College of Biology
| | | | | | - Nasui Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College
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Mukhopadhyay S, Subedi S, Hopkins JB, Ugrinov A, Chakravarthy S, Colbert CL, Sinha SC. Invariant BECN1 CXXC motifs bind Zn 2+ and regulate structure and function of the BECN1 intrinsically disordered region. Autophagy 2024; 20:380-396. [PMID: 37791766 PMCID: PMC10813572 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2259707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS AFM: aromatic finger mutant; BH3D: BCL2 homology 3 domain; CCD: coiled-coil domain; CD: circular dichroism spectroscopy; [CysDM1]: C18S and C21S double mutant; [CysDM2]: C137S, and C140S double mutant; [CysTM], C18S, C21S, C137S, and C140S tetrad mutant; Dmax: maximum particle diameter; dRI, differential refractive index; EFA: evolving factor analysis; FHD: flexible helical domain; FL: full length; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HDX-MS: hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry; ICP-MS: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; IDR: intrinsically disordered region; ITC, isothermal titration calorimetry; MALS, multi angle light scattering; MBP: maltose-binding protein; MoRFs: molecular recognition features; P(r): pairwise-distance distribution; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Rg: radius of gyration; SASBDB: small angle scattering biological data bank; SEC: size-exclusion chromatography; SEC-SAXS: size-exclusion chromatography in tandem with small angle X-ray scattering; TEV: tobacco-etch virus; TFE: 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol; TPEN: N,N,N,N-tetrakis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine; Vc: volume of correlation; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Subeksha Subedi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Jesse B. Hopkins
- The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team, Departments of Biology and Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Angel Ugrinov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Srinivas Chakravarthy
- The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team, Departments of Biology and Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Sangita C. Sinha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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7
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Kostova I. Therapeutic and Diagnostic Agents based on Bioactive Endogenous and Exogenous Coordination Compounds. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:358-386. [PMID: 36944628 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230321110018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Metal-based coordination compounds have very special place in bioinorganic chemistry because of their different structural arrangements and significant application in medicine. Rapid progress in this field increasingly enables the targeted design and synthesis of metal-based pharmaceutical agents that fulfill valuable roles as diagnostic or therapeutic agents. Various coordination compounds have important biological functions, both those initially present in the body (endogenous) and those entering the organisms from the external environment (exogenous): vitamins, drugs, toxic substances, etc. In the therapeutic and diagnostic practice, both the essential for all living organisms and the trace metals are used in metal-containing coordination compounds. In the current review, the most important functional biologically active compounds were classified group by group according to the position of the elements in the periodic table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Kostova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav St., Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
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Wu S, Liu C, Tang J, Wu C, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Han J, Xue J, Lin J, Chen Y, Yang J, Zhuo Y, Li Y. Tafluprost promotes axon regeneration after optic nerve crush via Zn 2+-mTOR pathway. Neuropharmacology 2024; 242:109746. [PMID: 37832634 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether Tafluprost could promote optic nerve regeneration in mice after optic nerve crush (ONC) and determine the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Tafluprost was injected into the vitreous body immediately after ONC. The level of Zn2+ in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) of the retina was stained using autometallography (AMG). The number of survival retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was determined via dual staining with RGC markers Tuj1 and RBPMS. Individual axons that regenerated to 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mm were manually counted in the whole-mount optic nerve labeled by cholera toxin B fragment (CTB). Immunofluorescence and Western blot were performed to detect protein expression levels. Pattern electroretinogram was used to evaluate RGCs function. RESULTS Tafluprost promoted RGC survival in a dose-dependent manner with an optimal concentration of 1 μM. Tafluprost significantly decreased ZnT-3 expression and Zn2+ accumulation in the IPL of retina. Tafluprost stimulated intense axonal regeneration and maintained RGCs function compared to control. Mechanistically, Tafluprost and Zn2+ elimination treatment (TPEN or ZnT-3 deletion) can activate the mTOR pathway with an improved percentage of pS6+ RGCs in the retina. However, rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of the mTOR1, inhibited the activation of the mTOR pathway and abolished the regenerative effect mediated by Tafluprost. Tafluprost also inhibited the upregulation of p62, LC3 and Beclin-1, attenuated the overactivation of microglia/macrophages and downregulated the expression of TNFα and IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Tafluprost promoted axon regeneration via regulation of the Zn2+-mTOR pathway, and provide novel research directions for glaucomatous optic nerve injury mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Canying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jiahui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Caiqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jiaxu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jingfei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jicheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jinpeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Yiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Ma S, Wang WX. Physiological trade-off of marine fish under Zn deficient and excess conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:166187. [PMID: 37586517 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Fish can regulate their Zn body bioaccumulation, but the mechanisms and physiological responses at the organ level are still largely unknown. In the present study, we exposed the marine seabreams under different Zn levels (deficient, optimum and excess levels) over a period of 4 weeks and examined how fish maintained its regulation of bioaccumulation with associated physiological effects at the fish intestinal organ. Our results indicated that fish intestinal organs constantly controlled the Zip family to "rob" more Zn under Zn-deficiency (with a dietary level of 7.9 mg/kg), whereas restricted the Zn efflux to preserve the intestinal function. Under Zn-excess conditions (193.3 mg/kg), the fish intestine maintained a limited Zn homeostasis (37.8-44.6 μg/mg) by initially inhibiting the influx through the Zip family receptor, but later accelerating both influx and efflux of Zn. Based on the WGCNA method, Zn deficient dietary exposure first resulted in defense response with subsequent switching to antioxidant defense. Instead, excess Zn first triggered the immunological response, but then led to physiological toxicity (abnormal in lipid metabolism). Although Zn had multiple biological functions, it was preferentially involved in lipid metabolism under different dietary Zn doses. This study provided direct evidence for Zn regulation at the organ level and detoxification mechanisms against potential environmental toxicity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoli Ma
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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10
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Li Y, Qin S, Cui W, Zhao F, He M, Jiang Z. Progress on the roles of zinc in sperm cryopreservation. Theriogenology 2023; 211:134-141. [PMID: 37619526 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
One of the effective methods for the long-term preservation of mammalian genetic resources is the cryopreservation of semen. However, a number of parameters, including diluents, the rate of freezing and thawing, cryoprotectants, etc., can easily alter the survival of frozen-thawed sperm. Numerous studies have documented the addition of a variety of zinc compounds, to the diluents used to cryopreserve sperm. The primary objective of this review is to briefly describe that adding zinc to diluents as an antioxidant significantly enhances frozen-thawed sperm quality. Second, a summary of the present understanding of zinc's molecular mechanism on semen cryopreservation is provided. Thirdly, this study addresses that nanoparticles of zinc can offer suggestions for raising cryopreservation effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyou Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic, Breeding and Reproduction in Shaanxi Province, Northwestern A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Shaoyu Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic, Breeding and Reproduction in Shaanxi Province, Northwestern A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Wenfei Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic, Breeding and Reproduction in Shaanxi Province, Northwestern A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Fan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic, Breeding and Reproduction in Shaanxi Province, Northwestern A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Meiling He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic, Breeding and Reproduction in Shaanxi Province, Northwestern A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Zhongliang Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic, Breeding and Reproduction in Shaanxi Province, Northwestern A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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11
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Mosna K, Jurczak K, Krężel A. Differentiated Zn(II) binding affinities in animal, plant, and bacterial metallothioneins define their zinc buffering capacity at physiological pZn. Metallomics 2023; 15:mfad061. [PMID: 37804185 PMCID: PMC10612145 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are small, Cys-rich proteins present in various but not all organisms, from bacteria to humans. They participate in zinc and copper metabolism, toxic metals detoxification, and protection against reactive species. Structurally, they contain one or multiple domains, capable of binding a variable number of metal ions. For experimental convenience, biochemical characterization of MTs is mainly performed on Cd(II)-loaded proteins, frequently omitting or limiting Zn(II) binding features and related functions. Here, by choosing 10 MTs with relatively well-characterized structures from animals, plants, and bacteria, we focused on poorly investigated Zn(II)-to-protein affinities, stability-structure relations, and the speciation of individual complexes. For that purpose, MTs were characterized in terms of stoichiometry, pH-dependent Zn(II) binding, and competition with chromogenic and fluorescent probes. To shed more light on protein folding and its relation with Zn(II) affinity, reactivity of variously Zn(II)-loaded MTs was studied by (5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) oxidation in the presence of mild chelators. The results show that animal and plant MTs, despite their architectural differences, demonstrate the same affinities to Zn(II), varying from nano- to low picomolar range. Bacterial MTs bind Zn(II) more tightly but, importantly, with different affinities from low picomolar to low femtomolar range. The presence of weak, moderate, and tight zinc sites is related to the folding mechanisms and internal electrostatic interactions. Differentiated affinities of all MTs define their zinc buffering capacity required for Zn(II) donation and acceptance at various free Zn(II) concentrations (pZn levels). The data demonstrate critical roles of individual Zn(II)-depleted MT species in zinc buffering processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Mosna
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kinga Jurczak
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur Krężel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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12
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Kushwah AS, Dixit H, Upadhyay V, Yadav S, Verma SK, Prasad R. Elucidating the zinc-binding proteome of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici with particular emphasis on zinc-binding effector proteins. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:298. [PMID: 37516670 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is a soil-borne phytopathogenic species which causes vascular wilt disease in the Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). Due to the continuous competition for zinc usage by Fusarium and its host during infection makes zinc-binding proteins a hotspot for focused investigation. Zinc-binding effector proteins are pivotal during the infection process, working in conjunction with other essential proteins crucial for its biological activities. This work aims at identifying and analysing zinc-binding proteins and zinc-binding proteins effector candidates of Fusarium. We have identified three hundred forty-six putative zinc-binding proteins; among these proteins, we got two hundred and thirty zinc-binding proteins effector candidates. The functional annotation, subcellular localization, and Gene Ontology analysis of these putative zinc-binding proteins revealed their probable role in wide range of cellular and biological processes such as metabolism, gene expression, gene expression regulation, protein biosynthesis, protein folding, cell signalling, DNA repair, and RNA processing. Sixteen proteins were found to be putatively secretory in nature. Eleven of these were putative zinc-binding protein effector candidates may be involved in pathogen-host interaction during infection. The information obtained here may enhance our understanding to design, screen, and apply the zinc-metal ion-based antifungal agents to protect the S. lycopersicum and control the vascular wilt caused by F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Singh Kushwah
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Himisha Dixit
- Centre for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Vipin Upadhyay
- Centre for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Siddharth Yadav
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Shailender Kumar Verma
- Centre for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Ramasare Prasad
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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13
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Elitt CM, Ross MM, Wang J, Fahrni CJ, Rosenberg PA. Developmental regulation of zinc homeostasis in differentiating oligodendrocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.26.550230. [PMID: 37546881 PMCID: PMC10402100 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.26.550230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes develop through well characterized stages and understanding pathways regulating their differentiation remains an active area of investigation. Zinc is required for the function of many enzymes, proteins and transcription factors, including those important in myelination and mitosis. Our previous studies using the ratiometric zinc sensor chromis-1 demonstrated a reduction in intracellular free zinc concentrations in mature oligodendrocytes compared with earlier stages (Bourassa et al., 2018). We performed a more detailed developmental study to better understand the temporal course of zinc homeostasis across the oligodendrocyte lineage. Using chromis-1, we found a transient increase in free zinc after developing oligodendrocytes were switched into differentiation medium. To gather other evidence for dynamic regulation of free zinc during oligodendrocyte development, qPCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression of the major zinc storage proteins metallothioneins (MTs), and metal regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF-1) which controls expression of MTs. MT-1, MT-2 and MTF1 mRNAs were all increased several fold in mature oligodendrocytes compared to developing oligodendrocytes. To assess the depth of the zinc buffer, we assayed zinc release from intracellular stores using the oxidizing thiol reagent 2,2'-dithiodipyridine (DTDP). Exposure to DTDP resulted in a ∼100% increase in free zinc in developing oligodendrocytes but, paradoxically more modest ∼60% increase in mature oligodendrocytes despite the increased expression of MTs. These results suggest that zinc homeostasis is regulated during oligodendrocyte development, that oligodendrocytes are a useful model for studying zinc homeostasis in the central nervous system, and that regulation of zinc homeostasis may be important in oligodendrocyte differentiation.
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14
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Hübner C, Keil C, Jürgensen A, Barthel L, Haase H. Comparison of Three Low-Molecular-Weight Fluorescent Probes for Measuring Free Zinc Levels in Cultured Mammary Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081873. [PMID: 37111093 PMCID: PMC10141224 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Free zinc is a critical regulator in signal transduction and affects many cellular processes relevant to cancer, including proliferation and cell death. Acting as a second messenger, altered free intracellular zinc has fundamental effects on regulating enzymes such as phosphatases and caspases. Therefore, the determination of free intracellular zinc levels is essential to assess its influence on the signaling processes involved in cancer development and progression. In this study, we compare three low-molecular-weight fluorescent probes, ZinPyr-1, TSQ, and FluoZin-3, for measuring free zinc in different mammary cell lines (MCF10A, MCF7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231). In summary, ZinPyr-1 is the most suitable probe for free Zn quantification. It responds well to calibration based on minimal fluorescence in the presence of the chelator TPEN (N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine) and maximal fluorescence by saturation with ZnSO4, resulting in the detection of free intracellular zinc in breast cancer subtypes ranging from 0.62 nM to 1.25 nM. It also allows for measuring the zinc fluxes resulting from incubation with extracellular zinc, showing differences in the zinc uptake between the non-malignant MCF10A cell line and the other cell lines. Finally, ZinPyr-1 enables the monitoring of sub-cellular distributions by fluorescence microscopy. Altogether, these properties provide a basis for the further exploration of free zinc in order to realize its full potential as a possible biomarker or even therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hübner
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Keil
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton Jürgensen
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Barthel
- Department of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hajo Haase
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Guffy SL, Pulavarti SVSRK, Harrison J, Fleming D, Szyperski T, Kuhlman B. Inside-Out Design of Zinc-Binding Proteins with Non-Native Backbones. Biochemistry 2023; 62:770-781. [PMID: 36634348 PMCID: PMC9939277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The de novo design of functional proteins requires specification of tertiary structure and incorporation of molecular binding sites. Here, we develop an inside-out design strategy in the molecular modeling program Rosetta that begins with amino acid side chains from one or two α-helices making well-defined contacts with a ligand. A full-sized protein is then built around the ligand by adding additional helices that promote the formation of a protein core and allow additional contacts with the ligand. The protocol was tested by designing 12 zinc-binding proteins, each with 4-5 helices. Four of the designs were folded and bound to zinc with equilibrium dissociation constants varying between 95 nM and 1.1 μM. The design with the tightest affinity for zinc, N12, adopts a unique conformation in the folded state as assessed with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and the design model closely matches (backbone root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) < 1 Å) an AlphaFold model of the sequence. Retrospective analysis with AlphaFold suggests that the sequences of many of the failed designs did not encode the desired tertiary packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L. Guffy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | - Joseph Harrison
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Drew Fleming
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Thomas Szyperski
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Brian Kuhlman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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16
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Moulick D, Bhutia KL, Sarkar S, Roy A, Mishra UN, Pramanick B, Maitra S, Shankar T, Hazra S, Skalicky M, Brestic M, Barek V, Hossain A. The intertwining of Zn-finger motifs and abiotic stress tolerance in plants: Current status and future prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1083960. [PMID: 36684752 PMCID: PMC9846276 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1083960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses such as drought, high salinity, and low temperature can adversely modulate the field crop's ability by altering the morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes of the plants. It is estimated that about 50% + of the productivity of several crops is limited due to various types of abiotic stresses either presence alone or in combination (s). However, there are two ways plants can survive against these abiotic stresses; a) through management practices and b) through adaptive mechanisms to tolerate plants. These adaptive mechanisms of tolerant plants are mostly linked to their signalling transduction pathway, triggering the action of plant transcription factors and controlling the expression of various stress-regulated genes. In recent times, several studies found that Zn-finger motifs have a significant function during abiotic stress response in plants. In the first report, a wide range of Zn-binding motifs has been recognized and termed Zn-fingers. Since the zinc finger motifs regulate the function of stress-responsive genes. The Zn-finger was first reported as a repeated Zn-binding motif, comprising conserved cysteine (Cys) and histidine (His) ligands, in Xenopus laevis oocytes as a transcription factor (TF) IIIA (or TFIIIA). In the proteins where Zn2+ is mainly attached to amino acid residues and thus espousing a tetrahedral coordination geometry. The physical nature of Zn-proteins, defining the attraction of Zn-proteins for Zn2+, is crucial for having an in-depth knowledge of how a Zn2+ facilitates their characteristic function and how proteins control its mobility (intra and intercellular) as well as cellular availability. The current review summarized the concept, importance and mechanisms of Zn-finger motifs during abiotic stress response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Moulick
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Karma Landup Bhutia
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Molecular Breeding, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, India
| | - Sukamal Sarkar
- School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Faculty Centre for Integrated Rural Development and Management (IRDM), Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Narendrapur, Kolkata, India
| | - Anirban Roy
- School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Faculty Centre for Integrated Rural Development and Management (IRDM), Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Narendrapur, Kolkata, India
| | - Udit Nandan Mishra
- Department of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, Sri University, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Biswajit Pramanick
- Department of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, PUSA, Samastipur, Bihar, India
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Scottsbluff, NE, United States
| | - Sagar Maitra
- Department of Agronomy and Agroforestry, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha, India
| | - Tanmoy Shankar
- Department of Agronomy and Agroforestry, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha, India
| | - Swati Hazra
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Viliam Barek
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Akbar Hossain
- Division of Agronomy, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
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17
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Łuczkowski M, Padjasek M, Ba Tran J, Hemmingsen L, Kerber O, Habjanič J, Freisinger E, Krężel A. An Extremely Stable Interprotein Tetrahedral Hg(Cys) 4 Core Forms in the Zinc Hook Domain of Rad50 Protein at Physiological pH. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202738. [PMID: 36222310 PMCID: PMC9828754 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In nature, thiolate-based systems are the primary targets of divalent mercury (HgII ) toxicity. The formation of Hg(Cys)x cores in catalytic and structural protein centers mediates mercury's toxic effects and ultimately leads to cellular damage. Multiple studies have revealed distinct HgII -thiolate coordination preferences, among which linear HgII complexes are the most commonly observed in solution at physiological pH. Trigonal or tetrahedral geometries are formed at basic pH or in tight intraprotein Cys-rich metal sites. So far, no interprotein tetrahedral HgII complex formed at neutral pH has been reported. Rad50 protein is a part of the multiprotein MRN complex, a major player in DNA damage-repair processes. Its central region consists of a conserved CXXC motif that enables dimerization of two Rad50 molecules by coordinating ZnII . Dimerized motifs form a unique interprotein zinc hook domain (Hk) that is critical for the biological activity of the MRN. Using a series of length-differentiated peptide models of the Pyrococcus furiosus zinc hook domain, we investigated its interaction with HgII . Using UV-Vis, CD, PAC, and 199 Hg NMR spectroscopies as well as anisotropy decay, we discovered that all Rad50 fragments preferentially form homodimeric Hg(Hk)2 species with a distorted tetrahedral HgS4 coordination environment at physiological pH; this is the first example of an interprotein mercury site displaying tetrahedral geometry in solution. At higher HgII content, monomeric HgHk complexes with linear geometry are formed. The Hg(Cys)4 core of Rad50 is extremely stable and does not compete with cyanides, NAC, or DTT. Applying ITC, we found that the stability constant of the Rad50 Hg(Hk)2 complex is approximately three orders of magnitude higher than those of the strongest HgII complexes known to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Łuczkowski
- Department of Chemical BiologyFaculty of BiotechnologyUniversity of WrocławJoliot-Curie 14a50-383WrocławPoland
| | - Michał Padjasek
- Department of Chemical BiologyFaculty of BiotechnologyUniversity of WrocławJoliot-Curie 14a50-383WrocławPoland
| | - Józef Ba Tran
- Department of Chemical BiologyFaculty of BiotechnologyUniversity of WrocławJoliot-Curie 14a50-383WrocławPoland
| | - Lars Hemmingsen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 52100København ØDenmark
| | - Olga Kerber
- Department of Chemical BiologyFaculty of BiotechnologyUniversity of WrocławJoliot-Curie 14a50-383WrocławPoland
| | - Jelena Habjanič
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Eva Freisinger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Artur Krężel
- Department of Chemical BiologyFaculty of BiotechnologyUniversity of WrocławJoliot-Curie 14a50-383WrocławPoland
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18
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Lenda R, Padjasek M, Krężel A, Ożyhar A, Bystranowska D. Does one plus one always equal two? Structural differences between nesfatin-1, -2, and nesfatin-1/2. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:163. [PMID: 36280843 PMCID: PMC9590162 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00980-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 and -2 are produced from a reaction in which the N-terminus of human Nucleobindin-2 undergoes proteolytical processing. To date, Nucleobindin-2 and/or nesfatin-1 have only been shown to act as peptide hormones. On the other hand, the purpose of nesfatin-2 remains unknown. Since Nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 is thought impact the control of a wide range of physiological processes, including energy homeostasis, neurodegenerative processes and carcinogenesis, its ligands/interactions deserve special studies and attention. However, there are no reports about the molecular properties of the proteolytical products of human Nucleobindin-2 in the literature. Hence, this study aimed to analyze the effect of Zn(II) and Ca(II) on human nesfatin-1, -2, and -1/2 structures. Herein, we report that human nesfatin-1 is a member of the intrinsically disordered protein family, as indicated by circular dichroism and analytical ultracentrifugation experiments. In contrast, we found that the human nesfatin-2 and nesfatin-1/2 structures were globular with intrinsically disordered regions. Under Zn(II) treatment, we observed concentration-dependent structurization and compaction of intrinsically disordered nesfatin-1 and its propensity for oligomerization, as well as destabilization of both nesfatin-2 and nesfatin-1/2. Furthermore, dissociation constants for Zn(II) binding by nesfatin-1, nesfatin-2, and nesfatin-1/2 were also reported. Moreover, structurally distinct nesfatin-1 and -2 seem to be interdependent when linked together, as indicated by the observed molecular properties of nesfatin-1/2, which in turn are not a simple sum of the properties exhibited by the former peptides. Thus, herein, we shed new light on the molecular behavior of human nesfatins, which might help to elucidate the complex function of those peptides. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Lenda
- grid.7005.20000 0000 9805 3178Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Padjasek
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur Krężel
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ożyhar
- grid.7005.20000 0000 9805 3178Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dominika Bystranowska
- grid.7005.20000 0000 9805 3178Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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19
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Majumdar S, Gupta U, Chinnasamy HV, Laxmipathy S, Matheshwaran S. Zn 2+-Induced Conformational Change Affects the SAM Binding in a Mycobacterial SAM-Dependent Methyltransferase. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35901-35910. [PMID: 36249403 PMCID: PMC9558604 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a cofactor for enzymes involved in DNA replication, peptidoglycan hydrolysis, and pH maintenance, in addition to the transfer of the methyl group to thiols. Here, we discovered a new role of Zn2+ as an inhibitor for S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) binding in a mycobacterial methyltransferase. Rv1377c is annotated as a putative methyltransferase that is upregulated upon the mitomycin C treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sequence analysis and experimental validation allowed the identification of distinct motifs responsible for SAM binding. A detailed analysis of the AlphaFold-predicted structure of Rv1377c revealed four cysteine residues capable of coordinating a Zn2+ ion located in proximity to the SAM-binding site. Further, experimental studies showed distinct conformational changes upon Zn2+ binding to the protein, which compromised its ability to bind SAM. This is the first report wherein Zn2+-driven conformational changes in a methyltransferase undermines its ability to bind SAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soneya Majumdar
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Umang Gupta
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Hariharan V. Chinnasamy
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sathishkumar Laxmipathy
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Saravanan Matheshwaran
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh India
- Center
for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, Uttar
Pradesh India
- Mehta
Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, Uttar
Pradesh India
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20
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Relations between Structure and Zn(II) Binding Affinity Shed Light on the Mechanisms of Rad50 Hook Domain Functioning and Its Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911140. [PMID: 36232441 PMCID: PMC9569753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The metal binding at protein–protein interfaces is still uncharted territory in intermolecular interactions. To date, only a few protein complexes binding Zn(II) in an intermolecular manner have been deeply investigated. The most notable example of such interfaces is located in the highly conserved Rad50 protein, part of the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex, where Zn(II) is required for homodimerization (Zn(Rad50)2). The high stability of Zn(Rad50)2 is conserved not only for the protein derived from the thermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus (logK12 = 20.95 for 130-amino-acid-long fragment), which was the first one studied, but also for the human paralog studied here (logK12 = 19.52 for a 183-amino-acid-long fragment). As we reported previously, the extremely high stability results from the metal-coupled folding process where particular Rad50 protein fragments play a critical role. The sequence–structure–stability analysis based on human Rad50 presented here separates the individual structural components that increase the stability of the complex, pointing to amino acid residues far away from the Zn(II) binding site as being largely responsible for the complex stabilization. The influence of the individual components is very well reflected by the previously published crystal structure of the human Rad50 zinc hook (PDB: 5GOX). In addition, we hereby report the effect of phosphorylation of the zinc hook domain, which exerts a destabilizing effect on the domain. This study identifies factors governing the stability of metal-mediated protein–protein interactions and illuminates their molecular basis.
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21
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Dragone M, Grazioso R, D’Abrosca G, Baglivo I, Iacovino R, Esposito S, Paladino A, Pedone PV, Russo L, Fattorusso R, Malgieri G, Isernia C. Copper (I) or (II) Replacement of the Structural Zinc Ion in the Prokaryotic Zinc Finger Ros Does Not Result in a Functional Domain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911010. [PMID: 36232306 PMCID: PMC9569694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A strict interplay is known to involve copper and zinc in many cellular processes. For this reason, the results of copper’s interaction with zinc binding proteins are of great interest. For instance, copper interferences with the DNA-binding activity of zinc finger proteins are associated with the development of a variety of diseases. The biological impact of copper depends on the chemical properties of its two common oxidation states (Cu(I) and Cu(II)). In this framework, following the attention addressed to unveil the effect of metal ion replacement in zinc fingers and in zinc-containing proteins, we explore the effects of the Zn(II) to Cu(I) or Cu(II) replacement in the prokaryotic zinc finger domain. The prokaryotic zinc finger protein Ros, involved in the horizontal transfer of genes from A. tumefaciens to a host plant infected by it, belongs to a family of proteins, namely Ros/MucR, whose members have been recognized in different bacteria symbionts and pathogens of mammals and plants. Interestingly, the amino acids of the coordination sphere are poorly conserved in most of these proteins, although their sequence identity can be very high. In fact, some members of this family of proteins do not bind zinc or any other metal, but assume a 3D structure similar to that of Ros with the residues replacing the zinc ligands, forming a network of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions that surrogates the Zn-coordinating role. These peculiar features of the Ros ZF domain prompted us to study the metal ion replacement with ions that have different electronic configuration and ionic radius. The protein was intensely studied as a perfectly suited model of a metal-binding protein to study the effects of the metal ion replacement; it appeared to tolerate the Zn to Cd substitution, but not the replacement of the wildtype metal by Ni(II), Pb(II) and Hg(II). The structural characterization reported here gives a high-resolution description of the interaction of copper with Ros, demonstrating that copper, in both oxidation states, binds the protein, but the replacement does not give rise to a functional domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Dragone
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Grazioso
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Gianluca D’Abrosca
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Ilaria Baglivo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosa Iacovino
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Sabrina Esposito
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonella Paladino
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB-CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo V. Pedone
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Roberto Fattorusso
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Gaetano Malgieri
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Carla Isernia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Correspondence:
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22
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Iraci N, Corsaro C, Giofrè SV, Neri G, Mezzasalma AM, Vacalebre M, Speciale A, Saija A, Cimino F, Fazio E. Nanoscale Technologies in the Fight against COVID-19: From Innovative Nanomaterials to Computer-Aided Discovery of Potential Antiviral Plant-Derived Drugs. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1060. [PMID: 36008954 PMCID: PMC9405735 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The last few years have increasingly emphasized the need to develop new active antiviral products obtained from artificial synthesis processes using nanomaterials, but also derived from natural matrices. At the same time, advanced computational approaches have found themselves fundamental in the repurposing of active therapeutics or for reducing the very long developing phases of new drugs discovery, which represents a real limitation, especially in the case of pandemics. The first part of the review is focused on the most innovative nanomaterials promising both in the field of therapeutic agents, as well as measures to control virus spread (i.e., innovative antiviral textiles). The second part of the review aims to show how computer-aided technologies can allow us to identify, in a rapid and therefore constantly updated way, plant-derived molecules (i.e., those included in terpenoids) potentially able to efficiently interact with SARS-CoV-2 cell penetration pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Carmelo Corsaro
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.M.M.); (M.V.); (E.F.)
| | - Salvatore V. Giofrè
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Giulia Neri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Angela Maria Mezzasalma
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.M.M.); (M.V.); (E.F.)
| | - Martina Vacalebre
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.M.M.); (M.V.); (E.F.)
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonina Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Enza Fazio
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.M.M.); (M.V.); (E.F.)
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23
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Abstract
Zinc is an essential element for human health. Among its many functions, zinc(II) modulates the immune response to infections and, at high concentrations or in the presence of ionophores, inhibits the replication of various RNA viruses. Structural biology studies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) revealed that zinc(II) is the most common metal ion that binds to viral proteins. However, the number of zinc(II)-binding sites identified by experimental methods is far from exhaustive, as metal ions may be lost during protein purification protocols. To better define the zinc(II)-binding proteome of coronavirus, we leveraged the wealth of deposited structural data and state-of-the-art bioinformatics methods. Through this in silico approach, 15 experimental zinc(II) sites were identified and a further 22 were predicted in Spike, open reading frame (ORF)3a/d, ORF8, and several nonstructural proteins, highlighting an essential role of zinc(II) in viral replication. Furthermore, the structural relationships between viral and eukaryotic sites (typically zinc fingers) indicate that SARS-CoV-2 can compete with human proteins for zinc(II) binding. Given the double-edged effect of zinc(II) ions, both essential and toxic to coronavirus, only the complete elucidation of the structural and regulatory zinc(II)-binding sites can guide selective antiviral strategies based on zinc supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Andreini
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fabio Arnesano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro,” Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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24
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Green synthesis, characterization and applications of iron and zinc nanoparticles by probiotics. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111097. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Ha JH, Prela O, Carpizo DR, Loh SN. p53 and Zinc: A Malleable Relationship. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:895887. [PMID: 35495631 PMCID: PMC9043292 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.895887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A large percentage of transcription factors require zinc to bind DNA. In this review, we discuss what makes p53 unique among zinc-dependent transcription factors. The conformation of p53 is unusually malleable: p53 binds zinc extremely tightly when folded, but is intrinsically unstable in the absence of zinc at 37°C. Whether the wild-type protein folds in the cell is largely determined by the concentration of available zinc. Consequently, zinc dysregulation in the cell as well as a large percentage of tumorigenic p53 mutations can cause p53 to lose zinc, misfold, and forfeit its tumor suppressing activity. We highlight p53’s noteworthy biophysical properties that give rise to its malleability and how proper zinc binding can be restored by synthetic metallochaperones to reactivate mutant p53. The activity and mechanism of metallochaperones are compared to those of other mutant p53-targeted drugs with an emphasis on those that have reached the clinical trial stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeung-Hoi Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Orjola Prela
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Darren R Carpizo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Stewart N Loh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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26
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Dennehy M, Delgado F, Agotegaray M, Campelo A, Freire E, Baggio R. Structure and toxicity of N-donor thionate Zn complexes. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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The Oxidative Balance Orchestrates the Main Keystones of the Functional Activity of Cardiomyocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7714542. [PMID: 35047109 PMCID: PMC8763515 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7714542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review is aimed at providing an overview of the key hallmarks of cardiomyocytes in physiological and pathological conditions. The main feature of cardiac tissue is the force generation through contraction. This process requires a conspicuous energy demand and therefore an active metabolism. The cardiac tissue is rich of mitochondria, the powerhouses in cells. These organelles, producing ATP, are also the main sources of ROS whose altered handling can cause their accumulation and therefore triggers detrimental effects on mitochondria themselves and other cell components thus leading to apoptosis and cardiac diseases. This review highlights the metabolic aspects of cardiomyocytes and wanders through the main systems of these cells: (a) the unique structural organization (such as different protein complexes represented by contractile, regulatory, and structural proteins); (b) the homeostasis of intracellular Ca2+ that represents a crucial ion for cardiac functions and E-C coupling; and (c) the balance of Zn2+, an ion with a crucial impact on the cardiovascular system. Although each system seems to be independent and finely controlled, the contractile proteins, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and intracellular Zn2+ signals are strongly linked to each other by the intracellular ROS management in a fascinating way to form a "functional tetrad" which ensures the proper functioning of the myocardium. Nevertheless, if ROS balance is not properly handled, one or more of these components could be altered resulting in deleterious effects leading to an unbalance of this "tetrad" and promoting cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, this "functional tetrad" is proposed as a complex network that communicates continuously in the cardiomyocytes and can drive the switch from physiological to pathological conditions in the heart.
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28
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Abstract
Zn2+ ions are essential in many physiological processes, including enzyme catalysis, protein structural stabilization, and the regulation of many proteins. The affinities of proteins for Zn2+ ions span several orders of magnitude, with catalytic Zn2+ ions generally held more tightly than structural or regulatory ones. Metal carrier proteins, most of which are not specific for Zn2+, bind these ions with a broad range of affinities that overlap those of catalytic, structural, and regulatory Zn2+ ions and are thought to be responsible for distributing the metal through most cells, tissues, and fluid compartments. While little is known about how many proteins obtain or release these ions, there is now considerable experimental evidence suggesting that metal carrier proteins may be responsible for transferring metals to and from some Zn2+-dependent proteins, thus serving as a major regulatory factor for them. In this review, the biological roles of Zn2+ and structures of Zn2+ binding sites are examined, and experimental evidence demonstrating the direct participation of metal carrier proteins in enzyme regulation is discussed. Mechanisms of metal ion transfer are also offered, and the potential physiological significance of this phenomenon is explored.
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29
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Bahr G, González LJ, Vila AJ. Metallo-β-lactamases and a tug-of-war for the available zinc at the host-pathogen interface. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 66:102103. [PMID: 34864439 PMCID: PMC8860843 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are zinc-dependent hydrolases that inactivate virtually all β-lactam antibiotics. The expression of MBLs by Gram-negative bacteria severely limits the therapeutic options to treat infections. MBLs bind the essential metal ions in the bacterial periplasm, and their activity is challenged upon the zinc starvation conditions elicited by the native immune response. Metal depletion compromises both the enzyme activity and stability in the periplasm, impacting on the resistance profile in vivo. Thus, novel inhibitory approaches involve the use of chelating agents or metal-based drugs that displace the native metal ion. However, newer MBL variants incorporate mutations that improve their metal binding abilities or stabilize the metal-depleted form, revealing that metal starvation is a driving force acting on MBL evolution. Future challenges require addressing the gap between in cell and in vitro studies, dissecting the mechanism for MBL metalation and determining the metal content in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Bahr
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), S2000EXF Rosario, Argentina; Área Biofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
| | - Lisandro J González
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), S2000EXF Rosario, Argentina; Área Biofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Vila
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), S2000EXF Rosario, Argentina; Área Biofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina.
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30
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Chursin VI, Magomedova PM. Interactions in the Protein–Zinc Salt–Organic Tanning Agent System. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221120355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Dietary l-glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid improves short-term maintenance of zinc homoeostasis in a model of subclinical zinc deficiency in weaned piglets. Br J Nutr 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s000711452100489x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study compared the Zn response in selected tissues of weaned piglets fed L-glutamic acid, N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA), while challenged with short-term subclinical Zn deficiency (SZD). During a total experimental period of eight days, 96 piglets were fed restrictively (450 g/d) a high phytate (9 g/kg) diet containing added Zn at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 45 and 75 mg/kg with and without 200 mg/kg of GLDA. No animals showed signs of clinical Zn deficiency and no phenotypical differences were observed. Broken line analysis of Zn status parameters such as liver Zn and apparently absorbed Zn indicated that the gross Zn requirement threshold was around 55 mg/kg diet. Supplementation of Zn above this threshold led to a saturation of the response in apparently absorbed Zn and linear increase in liver Zn. Bone and serum Zn responded to the dose in a linear fashion, likely due to the time-frame of Zn homoeostatic adaptation. Inclusion of GLDA into the diets yielded a higher intercept for bone Zn (P < 0·05). Liver Zn accumulation and MT1A gene expression was higher for piglets receiving GLDA (P < 0·05), indicating higher Zn influx. This study indicates that a strong chelator such as GLDA mitigates negative effects of phytate in plant-based diets, by sustaining Zn solubility, thereby improving nutritional Zn availability.
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32
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Mansoor SE. How Structural Biology Has Directly Impacted Our Understanding of P2X Receptor Function and Gating. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2510:1-29. [PMID: 35776317 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2384-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
P2X receptors are ATP-gated ion channels expressed in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells. They play key roles in diverse processes such as platelet activation, smooth muscle contraction, synaptic transmission, nociception, cell proliferation, and inflammation making this receptor family an important pharmacological target. Structures of P2X receptors solved by X-ray crystallography have been instrumental in helping to define mechanisms of molecular P2X receptor function. In 2009, the first X-ray structure of the P2X4 receptor subtype confirmed a trimeric stoichiometry and revealed the overall architecture of the functional ion channel. Subsequent X-ray structures have provided the molecular details to define the orthosteric ATP binding pocket, the orthosteric antagonist binding pocket, an allosteric antagonist binding pocket, and the pore architecture in each of the major conformational states of the receptor gating cycle. Moreover, the unique gating mechanism by which P2X receptor subtypes desensitize at differing rates, referred to as the helical recoil model of receptor desensitization, was discovered directly from X-ray structures of the P2X3 receptor. However, structures of P2X receptors solved by X-ray crystallography have only been able to provide limited information on the cytoplasmic domain of this receptor family, as this domain was always truncated to varying degrees in order to facilitate crystallization. Because the P2X7 receptor subtype has a significantly larger cytoplasmic domain that has been shown to be necessary for its ability to initiate apoptosis, an absence of structural information on the P2X7 receptor cytoplasmic domain has limited our understanding of its complex signaling pathways as well as its unusual ability to remain open without undergoing desensitization. This absence of cytoplasmic structural information for P2X7 receptors was recently overcome when the first full-length P2X7 receptor structures were solved by single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy. These structures finally provide insight into the large and unique P2X7 receptor cytoplasmic domain and revealed two novel structural elements and several surprising findings: first, a cytoplasmic structural element called the cytoplasmic ballast was identified that contains a dinuclear zinc ion complex and a high affinity guanosine nucleotide binding site and second, a palmitoylated membrane proximal structural element called the C-cys anchor was identified which prevents P2X7 receptor desensitization. This chapter will highlight the major structural and functional aspects of P2X receptors discovered through structural biology, with a key emphasis on the most recent cryogenic electron microscopy structures of the full-length, wild-type P2X7 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Mansoor
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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33
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Planeta Kepp K. Bioinorganic Chemistry of Zinc in Relation to the Immune System. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100554. [PMID: 34889510 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is well-known to have a central role in human inflammation and immunity and is itself an anti-inflammatory and antiviral agent. Despite its massively documented role in such processes, the underlying chemistry of zinc in relation to specific proteins and pathways of the immune system has not received much focus. This short review provides an overview of this topic, with emphasis on the structures of key proteins, zinc coordination chemistry, and probable mechanisms involved in zinc-based immunity, with some focus points for future chemical and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Planeta Kepp
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Building 206, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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34
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Abstract
The functions, purposes, and roles of metallothioneins have been the subject of speculations since the discovery of the protein over 60 years ago. This article guides through the history of investigations and resolves multiple contentions by providing new interpretations of the structure-stability-function relationship. It challenges the dogma that the biologically relevant structure of the mammalian proteins is only the one determined by X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy. The terms metallothionein and thionein are ambiguous and insufficient to understand biological function. The proteins need to be seen in their biological context, which limits and defines the chemistry possible. They exist in multiple forms with different degrees of metalation and types of metal ions. The homoleptic thiolate coordination of mammalian metallothioneins is important for their molecular mechanism. It endows the proteins with redox activity and a specific pH dependence of their metal affinities. The proteins, therefore, also exist in different redox states of the sulfur donor ligands. Their coordination dynamics allows a vast conformational landscape for interactions with other proteins and ligands. Many fundamental signal transduction pathways regulate the expression of the dozen of human metallothionein genes. Recent advances in understanding the control of cellular zinc and copper homeostasis are the foundation for suggesting that mammalian metallothioneins provide a highly dynamic, regulated, and uniquely biological metal buffer to control the availability, fluctuations, and signaling transients of the most competitive Zn(II) and Cu(I) ions in cellular space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Krężel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław 50-383, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Maret
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K
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35
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Bagshaw OR, Moradi F, Moffatt CS, Hettwer HA, Liang P, Goldman J, Drelich JW, Stuart JA. Bioabsorbable metal zinc differentially affects mitochondria in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2021; 4:100027. [PMID: 36824572 PMCID: PMC9934485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2021.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element having various structural, catalytic and regulatory interactions with an estimated 3000 proteins. Zinc has drawn recent attention for its use, both as pure metal and alloyed, in arterial stents due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low corrosion rates. Previous studies have demonstrated that zinc metal implants prevent the development of neointimal hyperplasia, which is a common cause of restenosis following coronary intervention. This suppression appears to be smooth muscle cell-specific, as reendothelization of the neointima is not inhibited. To better understand the basis of zinc's differential effects on rat aortic smooth muscle (RASMC) versus endothelial (RAENDO) cells, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of both cell types following one-week continuous treatment with 5 µM or 50 µM zinc. This analysis indicated that genes whose protein products regulate mitochondrial functions, including oxidative phosphorylation and fusion/fission, are differentially affected by zinc in the two cell types. To better understand this, we performed Seahorse metabolic flux assays and quantitative imaging of mitochondrial networks in both cell types. Zinc treatment differently affected energy metabolism and mitochondrial structure/function in the two cell types. For example, both basal and maximal oxygen consumption rates were increased by zinc in RASMC but not in RAENDO. Zinc treatment increased apparent mitochondrial fusion in RASMC cells but increased mitochondrial fission in RAENDO cells. These results provide some insight into the mechanisms by which zinc treatment differently affects the two cell types and this information is important for understanding the role of zinc treatment in vascular cells and improving its use in biodegradable metal implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R.M. Bagshaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S3A1, Canada
| | - Fereshteh Moradi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S3A1, Canada
| | - Christopher S. Moffatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S3A1, Canada
| | - Hillary A. Hettwer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S3A1, Canada
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S3A1, Canada
| | - Jeremy Goldman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, United States
| | - Jaroslaw W. Drelich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Stuart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S3A1, Canada
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36
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Fiorillo A, Battistoni A, Ammendola S, Secli V, Rinaldo S, Cutruzzolà F, Demitri N, Ilari A. Structure and metal-binding properties of PA4063, a novel player in periplasmic zinc trafficking by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2021; 77:1401-1410. [PMID: 34726168 PMCID: PMC8561739 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321009608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The capability to obtain essential nutrients in hostile environments is a critical skill for pathogens. Under zinc-deficient conditions, Pseudomonas aeruginosa expresses a pool of metal homeostasis control systems that is complex compared with other Gram-negative bacteria and has only been partially characterized. Here, the structure and zinc-binding properties of the protein PA4063, the first component of the PA4063-PA4066 operon, are described. PA4063 has no homologs in other organisms and is characterized by the presence of two histidine-rich sequences. ITC titration detected two zinc-binding sites with micromolar affinity. Crystallographic characterization, performed both with and without zinc, revealed an α/β-sandwich structure that can be classified as a noncanonical ferredoxin-like fold since it differs in size and topology. The histidine-rich stretches located at the N-terminus and between β3 and β4 are disordered in the apo structure, but a few residues become structured in the presence of zinc, contributing to coordination in one of the two sites. The ability to bind two zinc ions at relatively low affinity, the absence of catalytic cavities and the presence of two histidine-rich loops are properties and structural features which suggest that PA4063 might play a role as a periplasmic zinc chaperone or as a concentration sensor useful for optimizing the response of the pathogen to zinc deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Fiorillo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Pizzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Pizzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Battistoni
- Department of Biology, University of Tor Vegata, Via delle Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Ammendola
- Department of Biology, University of Tor Vegata, Via delle Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Secli
- Department of Biology, University of Tor Vegata, Via delle Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Rinaldo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Pizzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated To Istituto Pasteur Italia – Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cutruzzolà
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Pizzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated To Istituto Pasteur Italia – Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Pizzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
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Coni P, Pichiri G, Lachowicz JI, Ravarino A, Ledda F, Fanni D, Gerosa C, Piras M, Coghe F, Gibo Y, Cau F, Castagnola M, Van Eyken P, Saba L, Piludu M, Faa G. Zinc as a Drug for Wilson's Disease, Non-Alcoholic Liver Disease and COVID-19-Related Liver Injury. Molecules 2021; 26:6614. [PMID: 34771023 PMCID: PMC8587580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is the second most abundant trace element in the human body, and it plays a fundamental role in human physiology, being an integral component of hundreds of enzymes and transcription factors. The discovery that zinc atoms may compete with copper for their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract let to introduce zinc in the therapy of Wilson's disease, a congenital disorder of copper metabolism characterized by a systemic copper storage. Nowadays, zinc salts are considered one of the best therapeutic approach in patients affected by Wilson's disease. On the basis of the similarities, at histological level, between Wilson's disease and non-alcoholic liver disease, zinc has been successfully introduced in the therapy of non-alcoholic liver disease, with positive effects both on insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Recently, zinc deficiency has been indicated as a possible factor responsible for the susceptibility of elderly patients to undergo infection by SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we present the data correlating zinc deficiency with the insurgence and progression of Covid-19 with low zinc levels associated with severe disease states. Finally, the relevance of zinc supplementation in aged people at risk for SARS-CoV-2 is underlined, with the aim that the zinc-based drug, classically used in the treatment of copper overload, might be recorded as one of the tools reducing the mortality of COVID-19, particularly in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Coni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (P.C.); (A.R.); (F.L.); (D.F.); (C.G.); (M.P.); (F.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Giuseppina Pichiri
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (P.C.); (A.R.); (F.L.); (D.F.); (C.G.); (M.P.); (F.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (P.C.); (A.R.); (F.L.); (D.F.); (C.G.); (M.P.); (F.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Alberto Ravarino
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (P.C.); (A.R.); (F.L.); (D.F.); (C.G.); (M.P.); (F.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Francesca Ledda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (P.C.); (A.R.); (F.L.); (D.F.); (C.G.); (M.P.); (F.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Daniela Fanni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (P.C.); (A.R.); (F.L.); (D.F.); (C.G.); (M.P.); (F.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Clara Gerosa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (P.C.); (A.R.); (F.L.); (D.F.); (C.G.); (M.P.); (F.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Monica Piras
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (P.C.); (A.R.); (F.L.); (D.F.); (C.G.); (M.P.); (F.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Ferdinando Coghe
- Dipartimento Servizi di Diagnosi e Cura, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari (A.O.U.), University of Cagliari, 09024 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Yukio Gibo
- Hepatology Clinic, 1-34-20 Muraimachiminami, Matsumoto, Nagano 399-0036, Japan;
| | - Flaviana Cau
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (P.C.); (A.R.); (F.L.); (D.F.); (C.G.); (M.P.); (F.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabonomica-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00013 Rome, Italy;
| | - Peter Van Eyken
- Department of Pathology, Genk Regional Ziekenhuis, 3600 Genk, Belgium;
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari—Polo di Monserrato s.s. 554, 09045 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Marco Piludu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (P.C.); (A.R.); (F.L.); (D.F.); (C.G.); (M.P.); (F.C.); (G.F.)
- UOC Anatomia Patologica, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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38
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Mahim A, Karim M, Petering DH. Zinc trafficking 1. Probing the roles of proteome, metallothionein, and glutathione. Metallomics 2021; 13:6362609. [PMID: 34472617 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The cellular trafficking pathways that conduct zinc to its sites of binding in functional proteins remain largely unspecified. In this study, the hypothesis was investigated that nonspecific proteomic binding sites serve as intermediates in zinc trafficking. Proteome from pig kidney LLC-PK1 cells contains a large concentration of such sites, displaying an average conditional stability constant of 1010-11, that are dependent on sulfhydryl ligands to achieve high-affinity binding of zinc. As a result, the proteome competes effectively with induced metallothionein for Zn2+ upon exposure of cells to extracellular Zn2+ or during in vitro direct competition. The reaction of added Zn2+ bound to proteome with apo-carbonic anhydrase was examined as a potential model for intracellular zinc trafficking. The extent of this reaction was inversely dependent upon proteome concentration and under cellular conditions thought to be negligible. The rate of reaction was strictly first order in both Zn2+ and apo-carbonic anhydrase, and also considered to be insignificant in cells. Adding the low molecular weight fraction of cell supernatant to the proteome markedly enhanced the speed of this reaction, a phenomenon dependent on the presence of glutathione (GSH). In agreement, inclusion of GSH accelerated the reaction in a concentration-dependent manner. The implications of abundant high-affinity binding sites for Zn2+ within the proteome are considered in relation to their interaction with GSH in the efficient delivery of Zn2+ to functional binding sites and in the operation of fluorescent zinc sensors as a tool to observe zinc trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsana Mahim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mohammad Karim
- Department of Cell and Gene Therapy, PPD, Middleton, WI, USA
| | - David H Petering
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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39
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Peris-Díaz M, Guran R, Domene C, de los Rios V, Zitka O, Adam V, Krężel A. An Integrated Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Dynamics Simulations Approach Reveals the Spatial Organization Impact of Metal-Binding Sites on the Stability of Metal-Depleted Metallothionein-2 Species. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16486-16501. [PMID: 34477370 PMCID: PMC8517974 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian metallothioneins (MTs) are a group of cysteine-rich proteins that bind metal ions in two α- and β-domains and represent a major cellular Zn(II)/Cu(I) buffering system in the cell. At cellular free Zn(II) concentrations (10-11-10-9 M), MTs do not exist in fully loaded forms with seven Zn(II)-bound ions (Zn7MTs). Instead, MTs exist as partially metal-depleted species (Zn4-6MT) because their Zn(II) binding affinities are on the nano- to picomolar range comparable to the concentrations of cellular Zn(II). The mode of action of MTs remains poorly understood, and thus, the aim of this study is to characterize the mechanism of Zn(II) (un)binding to MTs, the thermodynamic properties of the Zn1-6MT2 species, and their mechanostability properties. To this end, native mass spectrometry (MS) and label-free quantitative bottom-up and top-down MS in combination with steered molecular dynamics simulations, well-tempered metadynamics (WT-MetaD), and parallel-bias WT-MetaD (amounting to 3.5 μs) were integrated to unravel the chemical coordination of Zn(II) in all Zn1-6MT2 species and to explain the differences in binding affinities of Zn(II) ions to MTs. Differences are found to be the result of the degree of water participation in MT (un)folding and the hyper-reactive character of Cys21 and Cys29 residues. The thermodynamics properties of Zn(II) (un)binding to MT2 are found to differ from those of Cd(II), justifying their distinctive roles. The potential of this integrated strategy in the investigation of numerous unexplored metalloproteins is attested by the results highlighted in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel
David Peris-Díaz
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Roman Guran
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University
in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Purkynova
123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Carmen Domene
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Vivian de los Rios
- Functional
Proteomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Proteomic
Facility, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas
(CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University
in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Purkynova
123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University
in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Purkynova
123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Artur Krężel
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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40
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Panchariya L, Khan WA, Kuila S, Sonkar K, Sahoo S, Ghoshal A, Kumar A, Verma DK, Hasan A, Khan MA, Jain N, Mohapatra AK, Das S, Thakur JK, Maiti S, Nanda RK, Halder R, Sunil S, Arockiasamy A. Zinc 2+ ion inhibits SARS-CoV-2 main protease and viral replication in vitro. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10083-10086. [PMID: 34514483 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03563k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Zinc deficiency is linked to poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients while clinical trials with zinc demonstrate better clinical outcomes. The molecular targets and mechanistic details of the anti-coronaviral activity of zinc remain obscure. We show that zinc not only inhibits the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) with nanomolar affinity, but also viral replication. We present the first crystal structure of the Mpro-Zn2+ complex at 1.9 Å and provide the structural basis of viral replication inhibition. We show that Zn2+ coordinates with the catalytic dyad at the enzyme active site along with two previously unknown water molecules in a tetrahedral geometry to form a stable inhibited Mpro-Zn2+ complex. Further, the natural ionophore quercetin increases the anti-viral potency of Zn2+. As the catalytic dyad is highly conserved across SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and all variants of SARS-CoV-2, Zn2+ mediated inhibition of Mpro may have wider implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Love Panchariya
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Wajahat Ali Khan
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Shobhan Kuila
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Kirtishila Sonkar
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Sibasis Sahoo
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Archita Ghoshal
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Dileep Kumar Verma
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Abdul Hasan
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Mohd Azeem Khan
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Niyati Jain
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Near Jubilee Hall, Mall Road, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Amit Kumar Mohapatra
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Shubhashis Das
- Plant Mediator Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110 067, India
| | - Jitendra K Thakur
- Plant Mediator Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110 067, India
| | - Souvik Maiti
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ranjan Kumar Nanda
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Rajkumar Halder
- Ruhvenile Biomedical OPC PVT LTD, Plot No-8, OCF Pocket Institution, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi-110070, India
| | - Sujatha Sunil
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Arulandu Arockiasamy
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.
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41
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Abstract
Zinc (Zn2+) is an essential metal in biology, and its bioavailability is highly regulated. Many cell types exhibit fluctuations in Zn2+ that appear to play an important role in cellular function. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which Zn2+ dynamics influence cell physiology remain enigmatic. Here, we use a combination of fluorescent biosensors and cell perturbations to define how changes in intracellular Zn2+ impact kinase signaling pathways. By simultaneously monitoring Zn2+ dynamics and kinase activity in individual cells, we quantify changes in labile Zn2+ and directly correlate changes in Zn2+ with ERK and Akt activity. Under our experimental conditions, Zn2+ fluctuations are not toxic and do not activate stress-dependent kinase signaling. We demonstrate that while Zn2+ can nonspecifically inhibit phosphatases leading to sustained kinase activation, ERK and Akt are predominantly activated via upstream signaling and through a common node via Ras. We provide a framework for quantification of Zn2+ fluctuations and correlate these fluctuations with signaling events in single cells to shed light on the role that Zn2+ dynamics play in healthy cell signaling.
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42
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Bystranowska D, Skorupska A, Sołtys K, Padjasek M, Krężel A, Żak A, Kaus-Drobek M, Taube M, Kozak M, Ożyhar A. Nucleobindin-2 consists of two structural components: The Zn 2+-sensitive N-terminal half, consisting of nesfatin-1 and -2, and the Ca 2+-sensitive C-terminal half, consisting of nesfatin-3. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4300-4318. [PMID: 34429849 PMCID: PMC8361300 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleobindin-2 (Nucb2) is a protein that has been suggested to play roles in a variety of biological processes. Nucb2 contains two Ca2+/Mg2+-binding EF-hand domains separated by an acidic amino acid residue-rich region and a leucine zipper. All of these domains are located within the C-terminal half of the protein. At the N-terminal half, Nucb2 also possesses a putative Zn2+-binding motif. In our recent studies, we observed that Nucb2 underwent Ca2+-dependent compaction and formed a mosaic-like structure consisting of intertwined disordered and ordered regions at its C-terminal half. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of two other potential ligands: Mg2+, which possesses chemical properties similar to those of Ca2+, and Zn2+, for which a putative binding motif was identified. In this study, we demonstrated that the binding of Mg2+ led to oligomerization state changes with no significant secondary or tertiary structural alterations of Nucb2. In contrast, Zn2+ binding had a more pronounced effect on the structure of Nucb2, leading to the local destabilization of its N-terminal half while also inducing changes within its C-terminal half. These structural rearrangements resulted in the oligomerization and/or aggregation of Nucb2 molecules. Taken together, the results of our previous and current research help to elucidate the structure of the Nucb2, which can be divided into two parts: the Zn2+-sensitive N-terminal half (consisting of nesfatin-1 and -2) and the Ca2+-sensitive C-terminal half (consisting of nesfatin-3). These results may also help to open a new discussion regarding the diverse roles that metal cations play in regulating the structure of Nucb2 and the various physiological functions of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Bystranowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Skorupska
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sołtys
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Padjasek
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur Krężel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Żak
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kaus-Drobek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Taube
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Kozak
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- National Synchrotron Radiation Centre SOLARIS, Jagiellonian University, Czerwone Maki 98, 30-392 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ożyhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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43
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Abstract
Evidence for the importance of zinc for all immune cells and for mounting an efficient and balanced immune response to various environmental stressors has been accumulating in recent years. This article describes the role of zinc in fundamental biological processes and summarizes our current knowledge of zinc's effect on hematopoiesis, including differentiation into immune cell subtypes. In addition, the important role of zinc during activation and function of immune cells is detailed and associated with the specific immune responses to bacteria, parasites, and viruses. The association of zinc with autoimmune reactions and cancers as diseases with increased or decreased immune responses is also discussed. This article provides a broad overview of the manifold roles that zinc, or its deficiency, plays in physiology and during various diseases. Consequently, we discuss why zinc supplementation should be considered, especially for people at risk of deficiency. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 41 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Wessels
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | | | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
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44
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Molecular Insight into the Regulation of Vimentin by Cysteine Modifications and Zinc Binding. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071039. [PMID: 34203497 PMCID: PMC8300659 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The intermediate filament protein vimentin is involved in essential cellular processes, including cell division and stress responses, as well as in the pathophysiology of cancer, pathogen infection, and autoimmunity. The vimentin network undergoes marked reorganizations in response to oxidative stress, in which modifications of vimentin single cysteine residue, Cys328, play an important role, and is modulated by zinc availability. However, the molecular basis for this regulation is not fully understood. Here, we show that Cys328 displays a low pKa, supporting its reactivity, and is readily alkylated and oxidized in vitro. Moreover, combined oxidation and crosslinking assays and molecular dynamics simulations support that zinc ions interact with Cys328 in its thiolate form, whereas Glu329 and Asp331 stabilize zinc coordination. Vimentin oxidation can induce disulfide crosslinking, implying the close proximity of Cys328 from neighboring dimers in certain vimentin conformations, supported by our computational models. Notably, micromolar zinc concentrations prevent Cys328 alkylation, lipoxidation, and disulfide formation. Moreover, zinc selectively protects vimentin from crosslinking using short-spacer cysteine-reactive but not amine-reactive agents. These effects are not mimicked by magnesium, consistent with a lower number of magnesium ions hosted at the cysteine region, according to molecular dynamics simulations. Importantly, the region surrounding Cys328 is involved in interaction with several drugs targeting vimentin and is conserved in type III intermediate filaments, which include glial fibrillary acidic protein and desmin. Altogether, our results identify this region as a hot spot for zinc binding, which modulates Cys328 reactivity. Moreover, they provide a molecular standpoint for vimentin regulation through the interplay between cysteine modifications and zinc availability.
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45
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Shellaiah M, Chen YT, Thirumalaivasan N, Aazaad B, Awasthi K, Sun KW, Wu SP, Lin MC, Ohta N. Pyrene-Based AIEE Active Nanoprobe for Zn 2+ and Tyrosine Detection Demonstrated by DFT, Bioimaging, and Organic Thin-Film Transistor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:28610-28626. [PMID: 34110776 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) active nanoprobes without any synthetic complication for solution-state and organic thin-film transistor (OTFT)-based sensory applications is still a challenging task. In this study, the novel pyrene-incorporated Schiff base (5-phenyl-4-((pyren-1-ylmethylene)amino)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol; PT2) with an AIEE property was synthesized via a one-pot reaction and was reported for detecting Zn2+ and tyrosine in the solution state and OTFT. In the AIEE studies of PT2 (in CH3CN) at various water fractions (fw: 0-97.5%), the existence of J-aggregation, crystalline changes, and nanofibers formation was confirmed by ultraviolet absorption/photoluminescence (UV/PL) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and dynamic-light scattering (DLS) techniques. Similarly, PT2-based Zn2+ detection and sensory reversibility with tyrosine were demonstrated by UV/PL studies with evidence related to crystalline/nanolevel changes in PXRD, SEM, TEM, AFM, and DLS data. Distinct decay profiles associated with the AIEE and sensory responses of PT2 were observed in time-resolved photoluminescence spectra. From the standard deviation and linear fittings of PL titrations, detection limits (LODs) of the Zn2+ with PT2 and the tyrosine with PT2-Zn2+ were estimated as 0.79 and 45 nM, respectively. High-resolution mass and 1H NMR results confirmed 2:1 and 1:1 stoichiometry and binding sites of PT2-Zn2+-PT2* and tyrosine-Zn2+ complexes. Moreover, the values of association constants determined by linear fittings were 4.205 × 10-7 and 1.73 × 10-8 M-2, correspondingly. Optimization via the density functional theory disclosed the binding sites and suppression of twisted intramolecular charge transfer/photoinduced electron transfer (TICT/PET) as well as the involvement of restricted intramolecular rotation in the AIEE and PET "ON-OFF-ON" mechanisms in the Zn2+ and tyrosine sensors. Results from the B16-F10 cellular and zebrafish imaging of AIEE, Zn2+, and tyrosine sensors further attested the applicability of PT2 in biological samples. Finally, the PT2 and pentacene-incorporated OTFT devices were fabricated. The devices displayed more than 90% change in drain-source current when reacted with Zn2+ with an LOD of 5.46 μM but showed no response to tyrosine, thereby confirming the reversibility. Moreover, the OTFT devices also demonstrated Zn2+ ion detection in tap water and lake water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthaiah Shellaiah
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (formerly National Chiao Tung University), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (formerly National Chiao Tung University), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Natesan Thirumalaivasan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (formerly National Chiao Tung University), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Basheer Aazaad
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (formerly National Chiao Tung University), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Kamlesh Awasthi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (formerly National Chiao Tung University), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Kien Wen Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (formerly National Chiao Tung University), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pao Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (formerly National Chiao Tung University), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (formerly National Chiao Tung University), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Nobuhiro Ohta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (formerly National Chiao Tung University), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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46
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Ikeda Y, Munekane M, Yamada Y, Kawakami M, Amano I, Sano K, Mukai T, Kambe T, Shitan N. Enhancing effect of Panax ginseng on Zip4-mediated zinc influx into the cytosol. J Ginseng Res 2021; 46:248-254. [PMID: 35509828 PMCID: PMC9058843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zinc homeostasis is essential for human health and is regulated by several zinc transporters including ZIP and ZnT. ZIP4 is expressed in the small intestine and is important for zinc absorption from the diet. We investigated in the present study the effects of Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) extract on modulating Zip4 expression and cellular zinc levels in mouse Hepa cells. Methods Hepa cells were transfected with a luciferase reporter plasmid that contains metal-responsive elements, incubated with P. ginseng extract, and luciferase activity was measured. Using 65ZnCl2, zinc uptake in P. ginseng-treated cells was measured. The expression of Zip4 mRNA and protein in Hepa cells was also investigated. Finally, using a luciferase reporter assay system, the effects of several ginsenosides were monitored. Results The luciferase activity in cells incubated with P. ginseng extract was significantly higher than that of control cells cultured in normal medium. Hepa cells treated with P. ginseng extract exhibited higher zinc uptake. P. ginseng extract induced Zip4 mRNA expression, which resulted in an enhancement of Zip4 protein expression. Furthermore, some ginsenosides, such as ginsenoside Rc and Re, enhanced luciferase activity driven by intracellular zinc levels. Conclusion P. ginseng extract induced Zip4 expression at the mRNA and protein level and resulted in higher zinc uptake in Hepa cells. Some ginsenosides facilitated zinc influx. On the basis of these results, we suggest a novel effect of P. ginseng on Zip4-mediated zinc influx, which may provide a new strategy for preventing zinc deficiency.
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47
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Qi J, Xing Y, Liu Y, Wang MM, Wei X, Sui Z, Ding L, Zhang Y, Lu C, Fei YH, Liu N, Chen R, Wu M, Wang L, Zhong Z, Wang T, Liu Y, Wang Y, Liu J, Xu H, Guo F, Wang W. MCOLN1/TRPML1 finely controls oncogenic autophagy in cancer by mediating zinc influx. Autophagy 2021; 17:4401-4422. [PMID: 33890549 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1917132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is elevated to ensure the high demand for nutrients for the growth of cancer cells. Here we demonstrated that MCOLN1/TRPML1 is a pharmaceutical target of oncogenic autophagy in cancers such as pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, malignant melanoma, and glioma. First, we showed that activating MCOLN1, by increasing expression of the channel or using the MCOLN1 agonists, ML-SA5 or MK6-83, arrests autophagic flux by perturbing fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. Second, we demonstrated that MCOLN1 regulates autophagy by mediating the release of zinc from the lysosome to the cytosol. Third, we uncovered that zinc influx through MCOLN1 blocks the interaction between STX17 (syntaxin 17) in the autophagosome and VAMP8 in the lysosome and thereby disrupting the fusion process that is determined by the two SNARE proteins. Furthermore, we demonstrated that zinc influx originating from the extracellular fluid arrests autophagy by the same mechanism as lysosomal zinc, confirming the fundamental function of zinc as a participant in membrane trafficking. Last, we revealed that activating MCOLN1 with the agonists, ML-SA5 or MK6-83, triggers cell death of a number of cancer cells by evoking autophagic arrest and subsequent apoptotic response and cell cycle arrest, with little or no effect observed on normal cells. Consistent with the in vitro results, administration of ML-SA5 in Patu 8988 t xenograft mice profoundly suppresses tumor growth and improves survival. These results establish that a lysosomal cation channel, MCOLN1, finely controls oncogenic autophagy in cancer by mediating zinc influx into the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Qi
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Yanhong Xing
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Neck Surgery, The Sleep Medicine Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangqing Wei
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhongheng Sui
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lin Ding
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Hui Fei
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mengmei Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhong
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jiamei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wuyang Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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48
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Sergeeva EG, Rosenberg PA, Benowitz LI. Non-Cell-Autonomous Regulation of Optic Nerve Regeneration by Amacrine Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:666798. [PMID: 33935656 PMCID: PMC8085350 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.666798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual information is conveyed from the eye to the brain through the axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that course through the optic nerve and synapse onto neurons in multiple subcortical visual relay areas. RGCs cannot regenerate their axons once they are damaged, similar to most mature neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), and soon undergo cell death. These phenomena of neurodegeneration and regenerative failure are widely viewed as being determined by cell-intrinsic mechanisms within RGCs or to be influenced by the extracellular environment, including glial or inflammatory cells. However, a new concept is emerging that the death or survival of RGCs and their ability to regenerate axons are also influenced by the complex circuitry of the retina and that the activation of a multicellular signaling cascade involving changes in inhibitory interneurons - the amacrine cells (AC) - contributes to the fate of RGCs. Here, we review our current understanding of the role that interneurons play in cell survival and axon regeneration after optic nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G. Sergeeva
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Kirby Center for Neuroscience, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paul A. Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Kirby Center for Neuroscience, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Larry I. Benowitz
- Kirby Center for Neuroscience, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Laboratories for Neuroscience Research in Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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49
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Barbosa ED, Neto JXL, Teixeira DG, Bezerra KS, do Amaral VS, Oliveira JIN, Lima JPMS, Machado LD, Fulco UL. Exploring human porphobilinogen synthase metalloprotein by quantum biochemistry and evolutionary methods. Metallomics 2021; 13:6206860. [PMID: 33791795 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown the porphobilinogen synthase (PBGS) zinc-binding mechanism and its conservation among the living cells. However, the precise molecular interaction of zinc with the active center of the enzyme is unknown. In particular, quantum chemistry techniques within the density functional theory (DFT) framework have been the key methodology to describe metalloproteins, when one is looking for a compromise between accuracy and computational feasibility. Considering this, we used DFT-based models within the molecular fractionation with conjugate caps scheme to evaluate the binding energy features of zinc interacting with the human PBGS. Besides, phylogenetic and clustering analyses were successfully employed in extracting useful information from protein sequences to identify groups of conserved residues that build the ions-binding site. Our results also report a conservative assessment of the relevant amino acids, as well as the benchmark analysis of the calculation models used. The most relevant intermolecular interactions in Zn2+-PBGS are due to the amino acids CYS0122, CYS0124, CYS0132, ASP0169, SER0168, ARG0221, HIS0131, ASP0120, GLY0133, VAL0121, ARG0209, and ARG0174. Among these residues, we highlighted ASP0120, GLY0133, HIS0131, SER0168, and ARG0209 by co-occurring in all clusters generated by unsupervised clustering analysis. On the other hand, the triple cysteines at 2.5 Å from zinc (CYS0122, CYS0124, and CYS0132) have the highest energy attraction and are absent in the taxa Viridiplantae, Sar, Rhodophyta, and some Bacteria. Additionally, the performance of the DFT-based models shows that the processing time-dependence is more associated with the choice of the basis set than the exchange-correlation functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Barbosa
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - J X Lima Neto
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - D G Teixeira
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - K S Bezerra
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - V S do Amaral
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - J I N Oliveira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - J P M Santos Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - L D Machado
- Departamento de Física Teórica e Experimental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - U L Fulco
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal-RN, Brazil
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50
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Liu X, Liu Y, Zhao G, Zhang Y, Liu L, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang S, Li X, Guo D, Wang P, Xu X. Biochemical Characterization of Arylamine N-acetyltransferases From Vibrio vulnificus. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:595083. [PMID: 33537010 PMCID: PMC7847940 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.595083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a zoonotic bacterium that is capable of causing highly lethal diseases in humans; this pathogen is responsible for 95% of all seafood-related deaths in the United States. Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NAT, E.C. 2.3.1.5) is a major family of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes that can biotransform aromatic amine chemicals. In this research, to evaluate the effect of NAT on acetyl group transformation in arylamine antibiotics, we first used sequence alignment to study the structure of V. vulnificus NAT [(VIBVN)NAT]. The nat gene encodes a protein of 260 amino acids, which has an approximate molecular mass of 30 kDa. Then we purified recombinant (VIBVN)NAT and determined the enzyme activity by PNPA and DTNB methods. The DTNB method indicates that this prokaryotic NAT has a particular substrate specificity towards aromatic substrates. However, (VIBVN)NAT lost most of its activity after treatment with high concentrations of urea and H2O2. In addition, we also explored the stability of the enzyme at different temperatures and pH values. In analyzing the influence of metal ions, the enzyme activity was significantly inhibited by Zn2+ and Cu2+. The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax were determined using hydralazine, isoniazid, 4-amino salicylic acid, and 4-chloro-3-methylaniline as substrates, and the Tm, Tagg and size distribution of (VIBVN)NAT were observed. In particular, a molecular docking study on the structure of (VIBVN)NAT was conducted to understand its biochemical traits. These results showed that (VIBVN)NAT could acetylate various aromatic amine substrates and contribute to arylamine antibiotic resistance in V. vulnificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinning Liu
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Yuanchang Liu
- Quality Control Department, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangjian Zhao
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Guo
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
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